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Wu Q, Xia Y, Guo MS, Au TY, Yuen GKW, Kong I, Wang Z, Lin Y, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Acetylcholinesterase is regulated by exposure of ultraviolet B in skin keratinocytes: A potential inducer of cholinergic urticaria. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23641. [PMID: 38690717 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400146r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic urticaria is a dermatological disease characterized by the presence of large patches of red skin and transient hives triggered by factors, such as exercise, sweating, and psychological tension. This skin problem is hypothesized to be attributed to a reduced expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing acetylcholine (ACh). Consequently, ACh is thought to the leak from sympathetic nerves to skin epidermis. The redundant ACh stimulates the mast cells to release histamine, triggering immune responses in skin. Here, the exposure of ultraviolet B in skin suppressed the expression of AChE in keratinocytes, both in in vivo and in vitro models. The decrease of the enzyme was resulted from a declined transcription of ACHE gene mediated by micro-RNAs, that is, miR-132 and miR-212. The levels of miR-132 and miR-212 were markedly induced by exposure to ultraviolet B, which subsequently suppressed the transcriptional rate of ACHE. In the presence of low level of AChE, the overflow ACh caused the pro-inflammatory responses in skin epidermis, including increased secretion of cytokines and COX-2. These findings suggest that ultraviolet B exposure is one of the factors contributing to cholinergic urticaria in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Wu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjie Xia
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maggie Suisui Guo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Yu Au
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary K W Yuen
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Kong
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingyi Lin
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Shenzhen, China
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Wang K, You X, Qu Z, Che D, Cao X. Livin is protective in UVB-induced skin photodamage by regulating keratinocyte activation and inflammatory responses. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18124. [PMID: 38332512 PMCID: PMC10853578 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
UVB radiation can lead to skin photodamage, which might arise from keratinocyte (KC) activation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) assumes an essential function in the context of UVB-triggered skin photodamage. Initiating the NF-κB cascade leads to the release of inflammatory factors from KCs. Livin can modulate both KC activation and function, yet it remains uncertain whether and how Livin regulates KC activation induced by UVB. To explore the involvement of Livin in UVB-triggered skin photodamage and its impact on skin damage through NF-κB activation. Immunofluorescence staining was used to analyse the expression of Livin in individuals with skin photodamage and in mice treated with UVB radiation. KC-specific Livin knockout (LivinΔKC ) mice and HaCaT cells with Livin knockdown were employed to examine the function of Livin in regulating KC activation induced by UVB radiation. Additionally, the impact of Livin on the NF-κB cascade during KC activation was confirmed via western blot analysis. In patients with skin photodamage, UVB-treated mice and HaCaT cells, Livin expression was reduced in KCs. LivinΔKC mice displayed heightened sensitivity to UVB radiation, resulting in more pronounced skin damage and inflammatory responses compared to the control Livinfl/fl mice. Following UVB exposure, both LivinΔKC mice and Livin-knockdown HaCaT cells released elevated levels of cytokines compared to their respective controls. Moreover, the UVB-induced activation of NF-κB in HaCaT cells was significantly enhanced following Livin knockdown. Our findings propose that Livin within KCs could contribute to reducing UVB-induced skin photodamage by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The 1st affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xiaolan You
- Department of Dermatology, The 1st affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zhenri Qu
- Department of Dermatology, The 1st affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Delu Che
- Department of DermatologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xianwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The 1st affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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Alsadi N, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Mueller R, Cuenin C, Chung F, Herceg Z, Matar C. Protective Mechanisms of Polyphenol-Enriched Blueberry Preparation in Preventing Inflammation in the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage in an Animal Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 38275645 PMCID: PMC10812677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
UVB significantly impacts the occurrence of cutaneous disorders, ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic diseases. Polyphenols derived from plants have been found to exhibit photoprotective effects against various factors that contribute to skin cancer. During the fermentation of the polyphenol-enriched blueberry preparation (PEBP), small oligomers of polyphenols were released, thus enhancing their photoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PEBP on UVB-induced skin inflammation. Topical preparations of polyphenols were applied to the skin of dorsally shaved mice. Mice were subsequently exposed to UVB and were sacrificed 90 min after UVB exposure. This study revealed that pretreatment with PEBP significantly inhibited UVB-induced recruitment of mast and neutrophil cells and prevented the loss of skin thickness. Furthermore, the findings show that PEBP treatment resulted in the downregulation of miR-210, 146a, and 155 and the upregulation of miR-200c and miR-205 compared to the UVB-irradiated mice. Additionally, PEBP was found to reduce the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα, inhibiting COX-2 and increasing IL-10 after UVB exposure. Moreover, DNA methylation analysis indicated that PEBP might potentially reduce the activation of inflammation-related pathways such as MAPK, Wnt, Notch, and PI3K-AKT signaling. Our finding suggests that topical application of PEBP treatment may effectively prevent UVB-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Rudolf Mueller
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Felicia Chung
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Kang YJ. MicroRNA-22 Regulates the Pro-inflammatory Responses and M1 Polarization of Macrophages by Targeting GLUT1 and 4-1BBL. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:2457006. [PMID: 37469388 PMCID: PMC10352528 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2457006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are selectively expressed in mammalian immune cells and have been linked to immune responses in host defense and autoimmune disease. In macrophages, miRNAs regulate cell metabolism by repressing the expression of genes such as transcription factors, enzymes, and metabolism-related molecules, as well as the expression of genes that impact inflammatory responses and phenotype determination. Previous studies showed that miR-22 plays a role in a variety of biological processes, such as cancer cell growth, cell survival, and cell expansion. In CD4 + T cells of inflammatory bowel disease patients, miR-22 is upregulated and regulates inflammasome-mediated responses. However, it has not yet been determined how miR-22 contributes to the activation of innate immune cells. In this study, we identified a mechanism of toll-like receptors- (TLR-) dependent miR-22 induction that regulates the downstream signaling pathway linking inflammatory responses and macrophage polarization. MiR-22 is induced via TLR-signaling, which regulates the induction of Slc2a1 (glucose transporter 1 and Glut1) and Tnfsf9 (tumor necrosis factor 9, 4-1BB ligand, and 4-1BBL) mRNAs that contribute to sustained inflammatory responses and the polarization of macrophages. Our observations support further efforts to explore a potential therapeutic strategy using miR-22 for the modulation of excessive macrophage activation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kang
- Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
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Sheng J, Ding S, Liao H, Yao Y, Zhai Y, Zhan J, Wang X. Polyacrylonitrile/UV329/titanium oxide composite nanofibrous membranes with enhanced UV protection and filtration performance. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17622-17627. [PMID: 37312986 PMCID: PMC10258809 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is extremely dangerous to humans and can contribute to immunosuppression, erythema, early ageing and skin cancer. UV protection finishing may greatly influence the handling and permeability of fabrics, while UV-proof fibres can guarantee close contact between UV-resistant agents and fabric without affecting the handling of the fabric. In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/UV absorber 329 (UV329)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite nanofibrous membranes with complex, highly efficient UV resistance were fabricated via electrospinning. UV329 was included in the composite to further strengthen the UV resistance properties via absorption function, while TiO2 inorganic nanoparticles were added to provide UV shielding function. The presence of UV329 and TiO2 in the membranes was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which also showed the absence of chemical bonds between PAN and the anti-UV agents. The PAN/UV329/TiO2 membranes exhibited a UV protection factor of 1352 and a UVA transmittance of 0.6%, which indicate their extraordinary UV resistance properties. Additionally, filtration performance was investigated in order to expand the application field of the UV-resistant PAN/UV329/TiO2 membranes, and the composite nanofibrous membranes showed a UV filtration efficiency of 99.57% and a pressure drop of 145 Pa. The proposed multi-functional nanofibrous membranes have broad application prospects in outdoor protective clothing and window air filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlu Sheng
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Shuiping Ding
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Yongbo Yao
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Yunyun Zhai
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Jianchao Zhan
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University Shandong 266071 China
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Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Oxidative-Stress-Sensitive microRNAs in UV-Promoted Development of Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3224. [PMID: 35804995 PMCID: PMC9265047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and life-threatening form of skin cancer. Key molecular events underlying the melanocytic transformation into malignant melanoma mainly involve gene mutations in which exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a prominent role. However, several aspects of UV-induced melanomagenesis remain to be explored. Interestingly, redox-mediated signaling and perturbed microRNA (miRNA) profiles appear to be interconnected contributing factors able to act synergistically in melanoma initiation and progression. Since UV radiation can promote both redox imbalance and miRNA dysregulation, a harmful crosstalk between these two key cellular networks, with UV as central hub among them, is likely to occur in skin tissue. Therefore, decoding the complex circuits that orchestrate the interaction of UV exposure, oxidative stress, and dysregulated miRNA profiling can provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of the melanomagenesis process. Furthermore, these mechanistic insights into the reciprocal regulation between these systems could have relevant implications for future therapeutic approaches aimed at counteracting UV-induced redox and miRNome imbalances for the prevention and treatment of malignant melanoma. In this review, we illustrate current information on the intricate connection between UV-induced dysregulation of redox-sensitive miRNAs and well-known signaling pathways involved in the malignant transformation of normal melanocytes to malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Animal Science, N.C. Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, N.C. Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Environment and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N, Shirkavand A, Ghorbanifar S. Non-coding RNAs in photoaging-related mechanisms: a new paradigm in skin health. Biogerontology 2022; 23:289-306. [PMID: 35587318 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aging of skin is a biological process affected by environmental or genetic factors. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main environmental factor causing skin aging. Cumulative UV-induced photodamage of the skin tissue is associated with premature cellular senescence, extracellular degradation, and inflammatory responses in photoaging processes. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are untranslated transcripts and master regulators of protein-coding genes. ncRNAs have a critical regulatory role in maintaining skin structure, skin barrier function, morphogenesis, and development. Altered ncRNA expression has been reported in various skin disorders such as photoaging and skin cancers. ncRNAs contribute to the suppression and promotion of photoaging by modulating signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and regulating inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and senescence-associated genes. Elucidation of the functions of ncRNAs will improve the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying photoaging, and can be used in the development of therapeutic approaches in skin health and prevention of sun-induced aging. This review summarized the currently described ncRNAs and their functions in photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, 1315795613, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshan Shirkavand
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, 1315795613, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghorbanifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, 1315795613, Tehran, Iran
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Wang ZY, Li A, Huang X, Bai GL, Jiang YX, Li RL, Liu C, Wen ZY, Wang P, Chen AJ. HSP27 Protects Skin From Ultraviolet B -Induced Photodamage by Regulating Autophagy and Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852244. [PMID: 35445017 PMCID: PMC9014213 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been well documented to be linked with almost all skin problems we know, and both dermis and epidermis may be affected to varying degrees by UV irradiation. Every time when exposed to sunlight without protection, our skin will step closer to photoaging, leading to irreversible consequences ultimately. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a vital protein involved in cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, drug resistance, tumor genesis and metastasis. Evidence suggests that the organism is subjected to various internal and external environmental stresses (heat, oxidative stress, organic toxicants, etc.), and HSP27 with high expression has protective function. However, the expression of HSP27 in coping with UV irradiation have not been examined thoroughly. In this study, photodamage models were developed through different doses of UVB irradiation in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) (30 mJ/cm2), human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) (150 mJ/cm2) and mouse skin (2,700 mJ/cm2). HSP27 knockdown decreased cell viability and increased the incidence of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We got consistent results in vivo and vitro. Compared with that in the UVB group, the expression of LC3B was significantly lower, while the expression of p62 was significantly higher in the UVB + si-HSP27 group. It was also revealed that HSP27 knockdown reduced the expressions of some antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which accelerated UVB-induced ROS release. Moreover, histological results showed that epidermis was thickened and collagen fibers were disorganized in the UVB + si-HSP27 group. These findings have demonstrated that HSP27 might play a photoprotective role in the UVB-induced skin damage process by maintaining the normal autophagy and antioxidant level. It is implied that HSP27 could be a potential therapeutic target of photodamage. However, determination of the definitive mechanism requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Prescriptions Department, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gen-Long Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu-Yuan Wen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sharma RR, Deep A, Abdullah ST. Herbal products as skincare therapeutic agents against ultraviolet radiation-induced skin disorders. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100500. [PMID: 34973886 PMCID: PMC8814387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to highlight the pharmacological aspects of listed herbal skincare products used for the treatment of various disorders caused due to ultraviolet radiation. The pharmacological aspects include safety and efficacy validation as per regulatory guidelines following internationally accepted scientific principles for their development of skincare products. Herbal products have always been used traditionally for the treatment of various skin ailments and have become more prevalent because of their safety and high efficacy benefits. The incorporation of synthetic molecules and chemical substances in the different medicinal and pharmaceutical formulations is the leading cause of the dermal toxicity. Therefore, the developments of herbal skincare products containing scientifically validated herbal ingredients have better acceptance, respect, and belief in the society. The listed herbal products in this review can help take forward the commercial development of skincare products for therapeutic as well as beauty care purposes from such plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Rai Sharma
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aakash Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Sheikh Tasduq Abdullah
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Li X, Ponandai‐Srinivasan S, Nandakumar KS, Fabre S, Xu Landén N, Mavon A, Khmaladze I. Targeting microRNA for improved skin health. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e374. [PMID: 34667882 PMCID: PMC8506131 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human skin, miRNAs have important regulatory roles and are involved in the development, morphogenesis, and maintenance by influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, immune regulation, and wound healing. MiRNAs have been investigated for many years in various skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, as well as malignant tumors. Only during recent times, cosmeceutical use of molecules/natural active ingredients to regulate miRNA expression for significant advances in skin health/care product development was recognized. AIM To review miRNAs with the potential to maintain and boost skin health and avoid premature aging by improving barrier function, preventing photoaging, hyperpigmentation, and chronological aging/senescence. METHODS Most of the cited articles were found through literature search on PubMed. The main search criteria was a keyword "skin" in combination with the following words: miRNA, photoaging, UV, barrier, aging, exposome, acne, wound healing, pigmentation, pollution, and senescence. Most of the articles reviewed for relevancy were published during the past 10 years. RESULTS All results are summarized in Figure 1, and they are based on cited references. CONCLUSIONS Thus, regulating miRNAs expression is a promising approach for novel therapy not only for targeting skin diseases but also for cosmeceutical interventions aiming to boost skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB; Skin Research InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Sakthi Ponandai‐Srinivasan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institute, and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Southern Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Susanne Fabre
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB; Skin Research InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Ning Xu Landén
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Dermatology and Venereology, Centre of Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Alain Mavon
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB; Skin Research InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Ia Khmaladze
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB; Skin Research InstituteStockholmSweden
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Taheri M. MicroRNA Signature in Melanoma: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608987. [PMID: 33968718 PMCID: PMC8100681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the utmost fatal kind of skin neoplasms. Molecular changes occurring during the pathogenic processes of initiation and progression of melanoma are diverse and include activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes, hyper-activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, inactivation of p53 and alterations in CDK4/CDKN2A axis. Moreover, several miRNAs have been identified to be implicated in the biology of melanoma through modulation of expression of genes being involved in these pathways. In the current review, we provide a summary of the bulk of information about the role of miRNAs in the pathobiology of melanoma, their possible application as biomarkers and their emerging role as therapeutic targets for this kind of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hämäläinen L, Bart G, Takabe P, Rauhala L, Deen A, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Kärkkäinen E, Kärnä R, Kumlin T, Tammi MI, Tammi RH. The calcium-activated chloride channel-associated protein rCLCA2 is expressed throughout rat epidermis, facilitates apoptosis and is downmodulated by UVB. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:605-615. [PMID: 33486586 PMCID: PMC8134295 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rodent chloride channel regulatory proteins mCLCA2 and its porcine and human homologues pCLCA2 and hCLCA2 are expressed in keratinocytes but their localization and significance in the epidermis have remained elusive. hCLCA2 regulates cancer cell migration, invasion and apoptosis, and its loss predicts poor prognosis in many tumors. Here, we studied the influences of epidermal maturation and UV-irradiation (UVR) on rCLCA2 (previous rCLCA5) expression in cultured rat epidermal keratinocytes (REK) and correlated the results with mCLCA2 expression in mouse skin in vivo. Furthermore, we explored the influence of rCLCA2 silencing on UVR-induced apoptosis. rClca2 mRNA was strongly expressed in REK cells, and its level in organotypic cultures remained unchanged during the epidermal maturation process from a single cell layer to fully differentiated, stratified cultures. Immunostaining confirmed its uniform localization throughout the epidermal layers in REK cultures and in rat skin. A single dose of UVR modestly downregulated rClca2 expression in organotypic REK cultures. The immunohistochemical staining showed that CLCA2 localized in basal and spinous layers also in mouse skin, and repeated UVR induced its partial loss. Interestingly, silencing of rCLCA2 reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by UVR, suggesting that by facilitating apoptosis, CLCA2 may protect keratinocytes against the risk of malignancy posed by UVB-induced corrupt DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hämäläinen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - G Bart
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Takabe
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - L Rauhala
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Deen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Kärnä
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Kumlin
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M I Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R H Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Leśniak W. Epigenetic Regulation of Epidermal Differentiation. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:1. [PMID: 34968254 PMCID: PMC8594726 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is the outer part of the skin that protects the organism from dehydration and shields from external insults. Epidermal cells, called keratinocytes, undergo a series of morphological and metabolic changes that allow them to establish the biochemical and structural elements of an effective epidermal barrier. This process, known as epidermal differentiation, is critical for the maintenance of the epidermis under physiological conditions and also under stress or in various skin pathologies. Epidermal differentiation relies on a highly coordinated program of gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms, which commonly include DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, and microRNA (miRNA) activity, modulate various stages of gene expression by altering chromatin accessibility and mRNA stability. Their involvement in epidermal differentiation is a matter of intensive studies, and the results obtained thus far show a complex network of epigenetic factors, acting together with transcriptional regulators, to maintain epidermal homeostasis and counteract adverse effects of environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesława Leśniak
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Serum levels of miRNA-21-5p in vitiligo patients and effects of miRNA-21-5p on SOX5, beta-catenin, CDK2 and MITF protein expression in normal human melanocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:22-29. [PMID: 33176966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics of vitiligo was evaluated in few studies. In particular, the role of miR-21, a microRNA involved in various processes, including melanogenesis, was never investigated. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of serum levels of miR-21-5p in vitiligo patients and miR-21-5p effects on melanogenesis. METHODS We measured serum levels of miR-21-5p in 40 patients affected by nonsegmental vitiligo and 40 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Next, normal human melanocytes were transfected with miR-21-5p to study the effects of this microRNA, which targeted some proteins involved in melanogenesis pathway like SOX5, beta-catenin, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and MITF. RESULTS The expression of miR-21-5p in vitiligo patients was 3.6-4454.4 fold (mean 990.4 ± 1397.9) higher than in controls. The relative expression of miR-21-5p was directly and significantly correlated with disease severity, defined by VASI (Vitiligo Area and Severity Index) score (Rho = 0.89, p = 10-7), but not other individual or clinical characteristics. In the second part of the study, a significant reduction of SOX5, beta-catenin and CDK2 protein expression and increase of MITF protein expression was observed in cultured melanocytes after 24 h trasfection with miR-21-5p. CONCLUSION According to literature, miR-21-5p upregulation and consequent SOX5 downregulation should upregulate melanogenesis, while vitiligo is characterized by skin depigmentation. Our results suggest that current knowledge of the pathogenesis of vitiligo is probably incomplete. Clinical manifestations could result from an altered balance between metabolic pathways with contrasting effects. In this view, miR-21-5p upregulation might be a tentative compensation mechanism. Further studies appear necessary to confirm and better understand our results and their importance.
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15
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Lin Y, Lin M, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lai W, Xu Q, Zheng Y. Predicting miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA network in ultraviolet A-induced human skin photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1875-1884. [PMID: 33025709 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Recent researches had reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) played a role in skin photoaging. Our previous study found that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression was changed in the UVA-irradiated skin fibroblasts, but the regulating network of noncoding RNA in UV-induced skin changes has not been elucidated well. Here, we investigated the interactions of miRNA-lncRNA-mRNAs in skin photoaging mechanisms. METHODS Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were irradiated with UVA at 10 J/cm2 once a day lasting for 14 days. miRNA expression profiles were detected by high-throughput sequencing. miRNAs changed significantly were identified by qRT-PCR. Functional annotation analysis and pathway enrichment were carried out using Gene Ontology and KEGG, and predicted miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA interactions were performed via bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS 34 differentially expressed miRNAs (>1.5-fold changes, P < .05) after UVA irradiation were identified to interact with distinct lncRNAs. miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA network prediction and regulatory role analysis showed that the gene expression of cellular process, cell part, and binding was mainly coordinated in UVA-irradiated fibroblasts. miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA-signal transduction pathway analysis showed that TNF signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and lysosome were mainly affected after UVA irradiation. CONCLUSION miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA network played a critical part in skin photoaging. Our research provided novel insights into the repeated UVA-induced skin damage in noncoding RNA regulatory field and might help to further understand the delicate interplay of gene regulation at the noncoding RNA level in photoaged skin and UV-induced skin cancers in future researching and provide novel insights into the repeated UVA-damaging pathology and potential targets for preventing human skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengbi Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nguyen TN, Rajapakshe K, Nicholas C, Tordesillas L, Ehli EA, Davis CM, Coarfa C, Flores ER, Dickinson SE, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Tsai KY. Integrative transcriptomic analysis for linking acute stress responses to squamous cell carcinoma development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17209. [PMID: 33057049 PMCID: PMC7560606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) is the second most common skin cancer and commonly arises in chronically UV-exposed skin or chronic wounds. Since UV exposure and chronic wounds are the two most prominent environmental factors that lead to cuSCC initiation, we undertook this study to test whether more acute molecular responses to UV and wounding overlapped with molecular signatures of cuSCC. We reasoned that transcriptional signatures in common between acutely UV-exposed skin, wounded skin, and cuSCC tumors, might enable us to identify important pathways contributing to cuSCC. We performed transcriptomic analysis on acutely UV-exposed human skin and integrated those findings with datasets from wounded skin and our transcriptomic data on cuSCC using functional pair analysis, GSEA, and pathway analysis. Integrated analyses revealed significant overlap between these three datasets, thus highlighting deep molecular similarities these biological processes, and we identified Oncostatin M (OSM) as a potential common upstream driver. Expression of OSM and its downstream targets correlated with poorer overall survival in head and neck SCC patients. In vitro, OSM promoted invasiveness of keratinocytes and cuSCC cells and suppressed apoptosis of irradiated keratinocytes. Together, these results support the concept of using an integrated, biologically-informed approach to identify potential promoters of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran N Nguyen
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Vingroup Big Data Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Courtney Nicholas
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leticia Tordesillas
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Donald A. Adam Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Sally E Dickinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Donald A. Adam Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr, SRB-4, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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De Martino E, Brunetti D, Canzonieri V, Conforti C, Eisendle K, Mazzoleni G, Nobile C, Rao F, Zschocke J, Jukic E, Jaschke W, Weinlich G, Zelger B, Schmuth M, Stanta G, Zanconati F, Zalaudek I, Bonin S. The Association of Residential Altitude on the Molecular Profile and Survival of Melanoma: Results of an Interreg Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2796. [PMID: 33003444 PMCID: PMC7599639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence is rising worldwide and is the primary cause of death from skin disease in the Western world. Personal risk factors linked to environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are well-known etiological factors contributing to its development. Nevertheless, UVR can contribute to the development of CM in different patterns and to varying degrees. The present study aimed at investigating whether altitude of residence can contribute to the development of specific types of CM and/or influence its progression. To this aim, 306 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from primary CM diagnosed in different geographical areas were submitted to B-RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and N-RAS proto-oncogene GTPase (NRAS) mutational status detection and mRNA and miRNA profiling by qPCR. Genes were chosen for their functions in specific processes, such as immune response (CD2, PDL1, or CD274) and pigmentation (MITF, TYRP1, and TRPM1). Furthermore, four microRNAs, namely miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-211-5p, were included in the profiling. Our results highlight differences in the gene expression profile of primary CM with respect to the geographical area and the altitude of residence. Melanoma-specific survival was influenced by the gene expression of mRNA and miRNAs and varied with the altitude of patients' residence. In detail, TYRP1 and miR-204-5p were highly expressed in patients living at higher altitudes, unlike miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-211-5p. Since miRNAs are highly regulated by reactive oxygen species, it is possible that different regulatory mechanisms characterize CMs at different altitudes due to the different environment and UVR intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Martino
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Davide Brunetti
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Claudio Conforti
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Guido Mazzoleni
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Carla Nobile
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Federica Rao
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.Z.); (E.J.)
| | - Emina Jukic
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.Z.); (E.J.)
| | - Wolfram Jaschke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Georg Weinlich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Bernhard Zelger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Giorgio Stanta
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Bonin
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
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MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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Lee KS, Cho E, Weon JB, Park D, Fréchet M, Chajra H, Jung E. Inhibition of UVB-Induced Inflammation by Laminaria japonica Extract via Regulation of nc886-PKR Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1958. [PMID: 32630038 PMCID: PMC7400497 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) can cause photodamage of the skin. This photodamage can be inhibited by the overexpression of the non-coding RNA, nc886, via the protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) pathway. The study aims to identify how UVB inhibits nc886 expression, and it also seeks to determine whether substances that can control nc886 expression can influence UV-induced inflammation, and the mechanisms involved. The results suggest that UVB irradiation accelerates the methylation of the nc886 gene, therefore, reducing its expression. This induces the activation of the PKR, which accelerates the expression of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and the production of MMP-9, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PGE2), and certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-). Conversely, in a model of nc886 overexpression, the expression and production of those inflammatory factors are inhibited. In addition, Laminaria japonica extract (LJE) protect the levels of nc886 against UVB irradiation then subsequently inhibit the production of UV-induced inflammatory factors through the PKR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soo Lee
- Life Science Institute, BioSpectrum, Yongin 16827, Gyeonggi, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (E.C.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Eunae Cho
- Life Science Institute, BioSpectrum, Yongin 16827, Gyeonggi, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (E.C.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Jin Bae Weon
- Life Science Institute, BioSpectrum, Yongin 16827, Gyeonggi, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (E.C.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Life Science Institute, BioSpectrum, Yongin 16827, Gyeonggi, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (E.C.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Mathilde Fréchet
- Clariant Active Ingredients, d’espagne, 31000 Toulouse, France; (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Hanane Chajra
- Clariant Active Ingredients, d’espagne, 31000 Toulouse, France; (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Life Science Institute, BioSpectrum, Yongin 16827, Gyeonggi, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (E.C.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
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20
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Blackstone BN, Wilgus TA, Roy S, Wulff BC, Powell HM. Skin Biomechanics and miRNA Expression Following Chronic UVB Irradiation. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:79-89. [PMID: 31993250 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is known to accelerate the skin aging process and leads to significant alterations in skin biomechanics; however, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic UVB affects biomechanical properties of the skin have not been well described. Approach: A murine model for chronic UVB exposure was used to examine changes in epidermal barrier function, skin biomechanics, and miRNA expression as a result of UVB. Results: UVB irradiation caused skin to be weaker, less elastic, stiffer, and less pliable. Notably, these changes were not reversed after a 5-week period of recovery. Following UVB exposure, dermal collagen fibrils were significantly smaller in diameter and expression of the miR-34 family was significantly increased. Innovation: To our knowledge, this is the first study to concurrently examine alterations in skin function, miRNA expression, and tissue biomechanics in response to chronic UVB exposure. Conclusion: The data suggest that UVB alters miR-34 family expression in skin, in addition to dysregulating collagen structure with subsequent reductions in strength and elasticity. miRNAs may play a pivotal role in regulating extracellular matrix deposition and skin biomechanics following chronic UVB exposure, and thus may be a possible target for therapeutic development. However, additional studies are needed to directly probe the link between UVB exposure, miRNA production, and skin biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britani N. Blackstone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Traci A. Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian C. Wulff
- Department of Pathology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Heather M. Powell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Research Department, The Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio
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21
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Bustamante M, Hernandez-Ferrer C, Tewari A, Sarria Y, Harrison GI, Puigdecanet E, Nonell L, Kang W, Friedländer MR, Estivill X, González JR, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Young AR. Dose and time effects of solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation on the in vivo human skin transcriptome. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:1458-1468. [PMID: 31529490 PMCID: PMC7318624 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Terrestrial ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes erythema, oxidative stress, DNA mutations and skin cancer. Skin can adapt to these adverse effects by DNA repair, apoptosis, keratinization and tanning. Objectives To investigate the transcriptional response to fluorescent solar‐simulated radiation (FSSR) in sun‐sensitive human skin in vivo. Methods Seven healthy male volunteers were exposed to 0, 3 and 6 standard erythemal doses (SED). Skin biopsies were taken at 6 h and 24 h after exposure. Gene and microRNA expression were quantified with next generation sequencing. A set of candidate genes was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); and wavelength dependence was examined in other volunteers through microarrays. Results The number of differentially expressed genes increased with FSSR dose and decreased between 6 and 24 h. Six hours after 6 SED, 4071 genes were differentially expressed, but only 16 genes were affected at 24 h after 3 SED. Genes for apoptosis and keratinization were prominent at 6 h, whereas inflammation and immunoregulation genes were predominant at 24 h. Validation by qPCR confirmed the altered expression of nine genes detected under all conditions; genes related to DNA repair and apoptosis; immunity and inflammation; pigmentation; and vitamin D synthesis. In general, candidate genes also responded to UVA1 (340–400 nm) and/or UVB (300 nm), but with variations in wavelength dependence and peak expression time. Only four microRNAs were differentially expressed by FSSR. Conclusions The UV radiation doses of this acute study are readily achieved daily during holidays in the sun, suggesting that the skin transcriptional profile of ‘typical’ holiday makers is markedly deregulated. What's already known about this topic? The skin's transcriptional profile underpins its adverse (i.e. inflammation) and adaptive molecular, cellular and clinical responses (i.e. tanning, hyperkeratosis) to solar ultraviolet radiation. Few studies have assessed microRNA and gene expression in vivo in humans, and there is a lack of information on dose, time and waveband effects.
What does this study add? Acute doses of fluorescent solar‐simulated radiation (FSSR), of similar magnitude to those received daily in holiday situations, markedly altered the skin's transcriptional profiles. The number of differentially expressed genes was FSSR‐dose‐dependent, reached a peak at 6 h and returned to baseline at 24 h. The initial transcriptional response involved apoptosis and keratinization, followed by inflammation and immune modulation. In these conditions, microRNA expression was less affected than gene expression.
Linked Comment:Hart. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1328–1329. Plain language summary available online Respond to this article
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Hernandez-Ferrer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - A Tewari
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, U.K
| | - Y Sarria
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G I Harrison
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, U.K
| | - E Puigdecanet
- Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Nonell
- Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Kang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M R Friedländer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - X Estivill
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Genetics Program, Sidra Medical Center, Al Rayyan Municipality, Qatar
| | - J R González
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A R Young
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, U.K
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Takada-Takatori Y, Tomii Y, Takemasa S, Takeda Y, Izumi Y, Akaike A, Tsuchida K, Kume T. Protective Effects of 2′,3′-Dihydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone Derived from Green Perilla Leaves against UV Radiation-Induced Cell Injury in Human Cultured Keratinocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1936-1941. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Tomii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College
| | - Shota Takemasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuka Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College
| | - Yasuhiko Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akinori Akaike
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | | | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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23
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Yang S, Guo Z. MiRNA‐27a decreases ultraviolet B irradiation‐induced cell damage. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1032-1038. [PMID: 31452277 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YuanJing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - ChunJun Yang
- Department of Dermatology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Ze Guo
- Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
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24
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Tang S, Liu B, Liu M, Li Z, Liu J, Wang H, Wang J, Oh YT, Shen L, Wang Y. Ionizing radiation-induced growth in soft agar is associated with miR-21 upregulation in wild-type and DNA double strand break repair deficient cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:37-44. [PMID: 30954901 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are a severe threat to genome integrity and a potential cause of tumorigenesis, which is a multi-stage process and involves many factors including the mutation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, some of which are transcribed microRNAs (miRNAs). Among more than 2000 known miRNAs, miR-21 is a unique onco-miRNA that is highly expressed in almost all types of human tumors and is associated with tumorigenesis through its multiple targets. However, it remains unclear whether there is any functional link between DSBs and miR-21 expression and, if so, does the link contribute to DSB-induced genomic instability/tumorigenesis. To address this question, we used DNA-PKcs-/- (deficient in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)) and Rad54-/- (deficient in homologous recombination repair (HRR)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) since NHEJ and HRR are the major pathways for DSB repair in mammalian cells. Our results indicate that levels of miR-21 are elevated in these DSB repair (DSBR) deficient cells, and ionizing radiation (IR) further increases these levels in both wild-type (WT) and DSBR-deficient cells. Interestingly, IR stimulated growth in soft agar and this effect was greatly reduced by blocking miR-21 expression in both WT and DSBR-deficient cells. Taken together, our results suggest that either IR or DSBR-deficient can lead to an upregulation of miR-21 levels and that miR-21 is associated with IR-induced cell growth in soft agar. These results may help our understanding of DSB-induced tumorigenesis and provide information that could facilitate the development of new strategies to prevent DSB-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bailong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Oncology, The First Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Oncology, The First Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhentian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - You-Take Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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25
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Lee KS, Shin S, Cho E, Im WK, Jeon SH, Kim Y, Park D, Fréchet M, Chajra H, Jung E. nc886, a non-coding RNA, inhibits UVB-induced MMP-9 and COX-2 expression via the PKR pathway in human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:647-652. [PMID: 30685091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
nc886, a long non-coding RNA (ncRNA) of 101 nucleotides in length, is known as a vault RNA or microRNA precursor. Despite the recent discovery that ncRNAs in the nucleus play a crucial role in regulating chromosomal transformation and transcription, only a few studies have focused on the function of ncRNAs in the cytoplasm, such as nc886. Several studies have investigated the function of nc886 as a suppressor of carcinogenesis and inflammation in different cancer cell types; however, its role in the skin has yet to be clearly elucidated. The two RNA binding sites for protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) are located in the central region of the stable structure of nc886, which competes with other double-stranded RNA species. Successful binding results in decreased PKR activity. Among changes in skin cells induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, nc886 expression decreases, whereas PKR phosphorylation via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) increases. Reduced nc886 expression leads to uncontrolled PKR activity and increases in the expression of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), type IV collagenase, and cyclooxygenase (COX-2), which ultimately accelerate inflammatory responses and skin aging. The present study investigated the regulatory mechanism associated with PKR activity and nc886-PKR binding in skin cell aging and inflammation. These results suggest a role for nc886 in controlling photoaging and inflammation in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soo Lee
- Life Science Institute, Biospectrum, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Seoungwoo Shin
- Life Science Institute, Biospectrum, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Life Science Institute, Biospectrum, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Won Kyun Im
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea; Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Younghyun Kim
- Life Science Institute, Biospectrum, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Life Science Institute, Biospectrum, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | | | - Hanane Chajra
- Clariant Active Ingredients, d'espagne, Toulouse, France
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Life Science Institute, Biospectrum, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
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26
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Riefolo M, Porcellini E, Dika E, Broseghini E, Ferracin M. Interplay between small and long non-coding RNAs in cutaneous melanoma: a complex jigsaw puzzle with missing pieces. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:74-98. [PMID: 30499222 PMCID: PMC6322194 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has increased in the past few decades. The biology of melanoma is characterized by a complex interaction between genetic, environmental and phenotypic factors. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote melanoma cell growth and dissemination is crucial to improve diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of CM. Both small and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to play a role in melanoma biology; microRNA and lncRNA expression is altered in transformed melanocytes and this in turn has functional effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and immune response. Moreover, specific dysregulated ncRNAs were shown to have a diagnostic or prognostic role in melanoma and to drive the establishment of drug resistance. Here, we review the current literature on small and lncRNAs with a role in melanoma, with the aim of putting into some order this complex jigsaw puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES)University of BolognaItaly
| | - Elisa Porcellini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES)University of BolognaItaly
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES)University of BolognaItaly
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES)University of BolognaItaly
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES)University of BolognaItaly
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27
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Detection of a MicroRNA molecular signature of ultraviolet radiation in the superficial regions of melanocytic nevi on sun-exposed skin. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1744-1755. [PMID: 29955145 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
How melanocytes transform into melanoma cells remains largely unknown. However, prolonged ultraviolet radiation exposure is linked with melanoma, and the DNA of melanomas arising in chronically sun-exposed skin is characterized by an elevated number of pyrimidine transitions, mainly C>T (predominantly caused by ultraviolet B), and transversions of GC>TA or AT>CG (caused by ultraviolet A over indirect mechanisms). Since ultraviolet penetrates mostly only the superficial dermis, we sought to determine the extent to which superficial and deep melanocytes of nevi in sun-exposed skin differ in their miRNA expression and consider the changes as likely secondary to ultraviolet radiation-induced damage. The differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed for known potential oncomiRs or linked to potential oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Superficial and deep melanocytes were microdissected from the nevi of 14 patients. The suspensions were processed for hybridization to a ribonucleotide protection system with 2280 total probes, including 2256 miRNA probes targeting 2083 human miRNAs. A comprehensive analysis of all human miRNAs registered in miRBase 11.0 was performed using the HTG Molecular Diagnostic database. Statistical analysis of these data yielded for 14 samples a statistically relevant profile of 39 miRNA species at FDR<0.1 that were differentially expressed between superficial and deep melanocytes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis based on the expression data of these 39 miRNAs suggested the gene transcripts AR, MDM2, SMAD2/3, and YBX1 as the most probable miRNA targets, which were validated at the protein level. Our findings suggest that superficial ultraviolet radiation-damaged melanocytes can be differentiated from deep melanocytes on the basis of the expression of 39 miRNAs, the most probable gene transcript and protein targets of which are AR, MDM2, SMAD2/3, and YBX1, with YBX1 expression validating the best the molecular signature in immunohistochemical analysis.
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28
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Namkoong J, Kern D, Knaggs HE. Assessment of Human Skin Gene Expression by Different Blends of Plant Extracts with Implications to Periorbital Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3349. [PMID: 30373163 PMCID: PMC6274848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the skin is the major protective barrier of the body, it is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Environmental influences such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, pollution or dry/cold air are involved in the generation of radical oxygen species (ROS) and impact skin aging and dermal health. Assessment of human skin gene expression and other biomarkers including epigenetic factors are used to evaluate the biological/molecular activities of key compounds in cosmetic formulas. The objective of this study was to quantify human gene expression when epidermal full-thickness skin equivalents were exposed to: (a) a mixture of betaine, pentylene glycol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodiola rosea root extract (BlendE) for antioxidant, skin barrier function and oxidative stress (with hydrogen peroxide challenge); and (b) a mixture of Narcissus tazetta bulb extract and Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (BlendIP) for various biomarkers and microRNA analysis. For BlendE, several antioxidants, protective oxidative stress biomarkers and many skin barrier function parameters were significantly increased. When BlendE was evaluated, the negative impact of the hydrogen peroxide was significantly reduced for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 3 and MMP 12), the skin aging and oxidative stress biomarkers, namely FBN2, ANXA1 and HGF. When BlendIP was tested for cell proliferation and dermal structural components to enhance the integrity of the skin around the eyes: 8 growth factors, 7 signaling, 7 structural/barrier function and 7 oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly increased. Finally, when BlendIP was tested via real-time RT-PCR for microRNA expression: miR-146a, miR-22, miR155, miR16 and miR21 were all significantly increased over control levels. Therefore, human skin gene expression studies are important tools to assess active ingredient compounds such as plant extract blends to advance dermal hypotheses toward validating cosmetic formulations with botanical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Namkoong
- Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., 75 West Center Street, Provo, UT 84601, USA.
| | - Dale Kern
- Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., 75 West Center Street, Provo, UT 84601, USA.
| | - Helen E Knaggs
- Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., 75 West Center Street, Provo, UT 84601, USA.
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29
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Identification of chronological and photoageing-associated microRNAs in human skin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12990. [PMID: 30154427 PMCID: PMC6113407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that play key roles in regulating biological processes. In this study, we explored effects of chronological and photoageing on the miRNome of human skin. To this end, biopsies were collected from sun-exposed (outer arm, n = 45) and sun-protected (inner arm, n = 45) skin from fair-skinned (phototype II/III) healthy female volunteers of three age groups: young, 18-25 years, middle age, 40-50 years and aged, > 70 years. Strict inclusion criteria were used for photoageing scoring and for chronological ageing. Microarray analysis revealed that chronological ageing had minor effect on the human skin miRNome. In contrast, photoageing had a robust impact on miRNAs, and a set of miRNAs differentially expressed between sun-protected and sun-exposed skin of the young and aged groups was identified. Upregulation of miR-383, miR-145 and miR-34a and downregulation of miR-6879, miR-3648 and miR-663b were confirmed using qRT-PCR in sun-exposed skin compared with sun-protected skin. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that miR-383, miR-34a and miR-134 were differentially expressed in all three age groups both in chronological and photoageing, suggesting a synergetic effect of intrinsic and extrinsic ageing on their expression. In conclusion, our study identifies a unique miRNA signature which may contribute to skin ageing.
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30
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Binenbaum Y, Fridman E, Yaari Z, Milman N, Schroeder A, Ben David G, Shlomi T, Gil Z. Transfer of miRNA in Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Induces Drug Resistance in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5287-5299. [PMID: 30042153 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known for its resistance to gemcitabine, which acts to inhibit cell growth by termination of DNA replication. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were recently shown to contribute to gemcitabine resistance; however, the exact mechanism of this process is still unclear. Using a genetic mouse model of PDAC and electron microscopy analysis, we show that TAM communicate with the tumor microenvironment via secretion of approximately 90 nm vesicles, which are selectively internalized by cancer cells. Transfection of artificial dsDNA (barcode fragment) to murine peritoneal macrophages and injection to mice bearing PDAC tumors revealed a 4-log higher concentration of the barcode fragment in primary tumors and in liver metastasis than in normal tissue. These macrophage-derived exosomes (MDE) significantly decreased the sensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine, in vitro and in vivo This effect was mediated by the transfer of miR-365 in MDE. miR-365 impaired activation of gemcitabine by upregulation of the triphospho-nucleotide pool in cancer cells and the induction of the enzyme cytidine deaminase; the latter inactivates gemcitabine. Adoptive transfer of miR-365 in TAM induced gemcitabine resistance in PDAC-bearing mice, whereas immune transfer of the miR-365 antagonist recovered the sensitivity to gemcitabine. Mice deficient of Rab27 a/b genes, which lack exosomal secretion, responded significantly better to gemcitabine than did wildtype. These results identify MDE as key regulators of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC and demonstrate that blocking miR-365 can potentiate gemcitabine response.Significance: Harnessing macrophage-derived exosomes as conveyers of antagomiRs augments the effect of chemotherapy against cancer, opening new therapeutic options against malignancies where resistance to nucleotide analogs remains an obstacle to overcome. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5287-99. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Binenbaum
- The Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Fridman
- The Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zvi Yaari
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Milman
- The Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Ben David
- The Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Shlomi
- Departments of Computer Science and Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ziv Gil
- The Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel. .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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31
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de Silva MB, Tencomnao T. The protective effect of some Thai plants and their bioactive compounds in UV light-induced skin carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 185:80-89. [PMID: 29879588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer, represents a major public health concern. While the vast majority is non-melanoma skin cancers, melanomas are mostly responsible for mortality. Solar UVB radiation is mutagenic and carcinogenic. It is primarily responsible for both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers via excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediate changes in inflammation and immunity, and have been implicated in all three stages of skin cancer development. Due to their regulatory role in numerous functions of cells, signaling pathways are targets for chemoprevention. The current standards in melanoma therapy are targeted and combination therapies, which, albeit prolong survival responses, are still prone to development of drug resistance. To this extent, drugs of natural origin continue to spark great interest. Thailand has a rich biodiversity of indigenous flora, which have traditionally been used to treat a variety of pathologies. The active components in plant extracts that have medicinal properties, termed 'bioactive compounds,' are efficient chemopreventive agents due to their antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and carcinogen detoxification properties. Thai plants and their bioactive compounds have shown protective effects on UV light-induced skin cancer in different experimental models. This warrants further in vivo investigations and translation to clinical studies to determine efficacy and safety, for use as lead compounds in targeted/combination therapy or adjuvant therapy with existing regimes. Coupled with a strategy for prevention, this offers a promising outlook for protection against photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura B de Silva
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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32
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Iorio F, Garcia-Alonso L, Brammeld JS, Martincorena I, Wille DR, McDermott U, Saez-Rodriguez J. Pathway-based dissection of the genomic heterogeneity of cancer hallmarks' acquisition with SLAPenrich. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6713. [PMID: 29713020 PMCID: PMC5928049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer hallmarks are evolutionary traits required by a tumour to develop. While extensively characterised, the way these traits are achieved through the accumulation of somatic mutations in key biological pathways is not fully understood. To shed light on this subject, we characterised the landscape of pathway alterations associated with somatic mutations observed in 4,415 patients across ten cancer types, using 374 orthogonal pathway gene-sets mapped onto canonical cancer hallmarks. Towards this end, we developed SLAPenrich: a computational method based on population-level statistics, freely available as an open source R package. Assembling the identified pathway alterations into sets of hallmark signatures allowed us to connect somatic mutations to clinically interpretable cancer mechanisms. Further, we explored the heterogeneity of these signatures, in terms of ratio of altered pathways associated with each individual hallmark, assuming that this is reflective of the extent of selective advantage provided to the cancer type under consideration. Our analysis revealed the predominance of certain hallmarks in specific cancer types, thus suggesting different evolutionary trajectories across cancer lineages. Finally, although many pathway alteration enrichments are guided by somatic mutations in frequently altered high-confidence cancer genes, excluding these driver mutations preserves the hallmark heterogeneity signatures, thus the detected hallmarks' predominance across cancer types. As a consequence, we propose the hallmark signatures as a ground truth to characterise tails of infrequent genomic alterations and identify potential novel cancer driver genes and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Iorio
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - Luz Garcia-Alonso
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Jonathan S Brammeld
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Iňigo Martincorena
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - David R Wille
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage Herts, SG1 2NY, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, MTZ Pauwelstrasse 19, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
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Silva MBD, Melo ARDS, Costa LDA, Barroso H, Oliveira NFPD. Global and gene-specific DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in human skin exposed and not exposed to sun radiation. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 92:793-800. [PMID: 29364434 PMCID: PMC5786392 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background epigenomes can be influenced by environmental factors leading to the
development of diseases. Objective To investigate the influence of sun exposure on global DNA methylation and
hydroxymethylation status and at specific sites of the miR-9-1, miR-9-3 and
MTHFR genes in skin samples of subjects with no history of skin
diseases. Methods Skin samples were obtained by punch on sun-exposed and sun-protected arm
areas from 24 corpses of 16-89 years of age. Genomic DNA was extracted from
skin samples that were ranked according to Fitzpatrick's criteria as light,
moderate, and dark brown. Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation and
DNA methylation analyses at specific sites were performed using ELISA and
MSP, respectively. Results No significant differences in global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation
levels were found among the skin areas, skin types, or age. However,
gender-related differences were detected, where women showed higher
methylation levels. Global DNA methylation levels were higher than
hydroxymethylation levels, and the levels of these DNA modifications
correlated in skin tissue. For specific sites, no differences among the
areas were detected. Additional analyses showed no differences in the
methylation status when age, gender, and skin type were considered; however,
the methylation status of the miR-9-1 gene seems to be gender related. Study limitations there was no separation of dermis and epidermis and low sample size. Conclusion sun exposure does not induce changes in the DNA methylation and
hydroxymethylation status or in miR-9-1, miR-9-3 and MTHFR genes for the
studied skin types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaelly Batista da Silva
- Center for Exact Sciences and Nature, Post-graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) -Paraíba, (PB), Brazil
| | - Alanne Rayssa da Silva Melo
- Center for Exact Sciences and Nature, Post-graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) -Paraíba, (PB), Brazil
| | - Ludimila de Araújo Costa
- Center for Exact Sciences and Nature, Post-graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) -Paraíba, (PB), Brazil
| | - Haline Barroso
- Center for Exact Sciences and Nature, Post-graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) -Paraíba, (PB), Brazil
| | - Naila Francis Paulo de Oliveira
- Center for Exact Sciences and Nature, Post-graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) -Paraíba, (PB), Brazil
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34
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Al-Eryani L, Waigel S, Tyagi A, Peremarti J, Jenkins SF, Damodaran C, States JC. Differentially Expressed mRNA Targets of Differentially Expressed miRNAs Predict Changes in the TP53 Axis and Carcinogenesis-Related Pathways in Human Keratinocytes Chronically Exposed to Arsenic. Toxicol Sci 2018; 162:645-654. [PMID: 29319823 PMCID: PMC5889014 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a widely distributed toxic natural element. Chronic arsenic ingestion causes several cancers, especially skin cancer. Arsenic-induced cancer mechanisms are not well defined, but several studies indicate that mutation is not the driving force and that microRNA expression changes play a role. Chronic low arsenite exposure malignantly transforms immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT), serving as a model for arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis. Early changes in miRNA expression in HaCaT cells chronically exposed to arsenite will reveal early steps in transformation. HaCaT cells were maintained with 0/100 nM NaAsO2 for 3 and 7 weeks. Total RNA was purified. miRNA and mRNA expression was assayed using Affymetrix microarrays. Targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were collected from TargetScan 6.2, intersected with differentially expressed mRNAs using Partek Genomic Suite software, and mapped to their pathways using MetaCore software. MDM2, HMGB1 and TP53 mRNA, and protein levels were assayed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Numerous miRNAs and mRNAs involved in carcinogenesis pathways in other systems were differentially expressed at 3 and 7 weeks. A TP53 regulatory network including MDM2 and HMGB1 was predicted by the miRNA and mRNA networks. Total TP53 and TP53-S15-phosphorylation were induced. However, TP53-K382-hypoacetylation suggested that the induced TP53 is inactive in arsenic exposed cells. Our data provide strong evidence that early changes in miRNAs and target mRNAs may contribute to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Jana Peremarti
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - J C States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
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35
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Wolf P, Weger W, Patra V, Gruber-Wackernagel A, Byrne SN. Desired response to phototherapy vs photoaggravation in psoriasis: what makes the difference? Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:937-944. [PMID: 27376966 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis commonly responds beneficially to UV radiation from natural sunlight or artificial sources. Therapeutic mechanisms include the proapoptotic and immunomodulating effects of UV, affecting many cells and involving a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, downregulating the Th17/IL-23 response with simultaneous induction of regulatory immune cells. However, exposure to UV radiation in a subset of psoriasis patients leads to exacerbation of the disease. We herein shed light on the predisposing factors of photosensitive psoriasis, including genetics (such as HLA-Cw*0602 or CARD14), gender and coexisting photodermatoses such as polymorphic light eruption (PLE) in the context of potential molecular mechanisms behind therapeutic photoresponsiveness or photoaggravation. UV-induced damage/pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage to self-coding RNA (signalling through Toll-like receptors), certain antimicrobial peptides and/or inflammasome activation may induce innate immunity, leading to psoriasis at the site of UV exposure when there is concomitant, predisposing resistance against UV-induced suppression of the adaptive immune response (like in PLE) that otherwise would act to reduce psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weger
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - VijayKumar Patra
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Scott N Byrne
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yu Y, Gao X, Jiang Z, Zhang W, Ma J, Liu X, Zhang L. Homogeneous grafting of cellulose with polycaprolactone using quaternary ammonium salt systems and its application for ultraviolet-shielding composite films. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10865-10872. [PMID: 35541510 PMCID: PMC9078967 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose grafted polycaprolactone (MCC-g-PCL) was successfully synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine in a dual tetrabutylammonium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent system. A novel ultraviolet-shielding film based on MCC-g-PCL was prepared by introducing graphene oxide (GO). The results obtained showed that the introduction of GO not only obviously influenced the inherent structure of the MCC-g-PCL but remarkably changed the surface morphology of the composite film. Moreover, the GO/MCC-g-PCL composite showed a significant improvement in tensile strength, from 2.63 to 4.55 MPa, as well as elongation-at-break, from 6.4% to 15.5%, compared with the pure MCC-g-PCL film, owing to the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction that physically crosslinked GO with MCC-g-PCL. Importantly, GO/MCC-g-PCL composite films offered an effective high-energy light-shielding capacity; in particular MCC-g-PCL film containing 1.0 wt% GO possessed good absorbance between 200 nm and 300 nm. This study provides a framework for developing cellulose-based ultraviolet-shielding polymers and better understanding the ultraviolet-shielding mechanism. Microcrystalline cellulose graft polycaprolactone (MCC-g-PCL) was successfully synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine in a dual tetrabutylammonium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yu
- Department of Material Science and Technology
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Material Science and Technology
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zeming Jiang
- Department of Material Science and Technology
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Technology
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Ma
- Department of Material Science and Technology
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Material Science and Technology
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Technology
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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37
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Kim K, An S, Choi BG, Joo D, Choi YM, Ahn KJ, An IS, Cha HJ. Arctiin regulates collagen type 1α chain 1 mRNA expression in human dermal fibroblasts via the miR-378b-SIRT6 axis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9120-9124. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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38
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Yu B, Dong H, Zang Y, Jiang S, Luan H, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-139-5p alleviates UVB-induced injuries by regulating TLR4 in si-IL-6-treated keratinocyte cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9293-9301. [PMID: 31966801 PMCID: PMC6965906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease that is often exacerbated by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in response to UVB damage to keratinocyte cells. Herein, our study aimed to explore the functions of miR-139-5p in UVB-induced injuries in keratinocyte cells. Methods: Human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was per-treated with 20 ng/ml si-IL-6 and transfected with miR-139-5p mimic, pc-TLR4 and corresponding controls. These cells were underwent 30 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation and incubated for 24 h. Thereafter, cell viability and apoptosis were detected by trypan blue staining and flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-139-5p, TLR4, apoptosis-associated factors, Notch and PI3K/AKT pathways factors were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results: Our results showed that UVB irradiation pronouncedly enhanced si-IL-6-induced cell injuries, as decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis in HaCaT cells. In addition, miR-139-5p was up-regulated in UVB-exposed HaCaT cells and overexpression of miR-139-5p attenuated UVB-induced injuries in si-IL-6-treated HaCaT cells. Further study we found that overexpression of TLR4 significantly abolished the protective effects of miR-139-5p overexpression against UVB-induced injuries in si-IL-6-treated HaCaT cells. Besides, western blot results demonstrated that overexpression of miR-139-5p inactivated Notch and PI3K/AKT pathways by down-regulation of TLR4. Conclusions: These results indicated that miR-139-5p alleviated UVB-induced injuries by regulation of TLR4 in si-IL-6-treated HaCaT cells. The study might provide new therapeutic strategies for treatment of LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Yunshu Zang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Shui Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Hong Luan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
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Suh SS, Lee SG, Youn UJ, Han SJ, Kim IC, Kim S. Comprehensive Expression Profiling and Functional Network Analysis of Porphyra-334, One Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid (MAA), in Human Keratinocyte Exposed with UV-radiation. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15070196. [PMID: 28672785 PMCID: PMC5532638 DOI: 10.3390/md15070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) have been highlighted as pharmacologically active secondary compounds to protect cells from harmful UV-radiation by absorbing its energy. Previous studies have mostly focused on characterizing their physiological properties such as antioxidant activity and osmotic regulation. However, molecular mechanisms underlying their UV-protective capability have not yet been revealed. In the present study, we investigated the expression profiling of porphyra-334-modulated genes or microRNA (miRNAs) in response to UV-exposure and their functional networks, using cDNA and miRNAs microarray. Based on our data, we showed that porphyra-334-regulated genes play essential roles in UV-affected biological processes such as Wnt (Wingless/integrase-1) and Notch pathways which exhibit antagonistic relationship in various biological processes; the UV-repressed genes were in the Wnt signaling pathway, while the activated genes were in the Notch signaling. In addition, porphyra-334-regulated miRNAs can target many genes related with UV-mediated biological processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation and translational elongation. Notably, we observed that functional roles of the target genes for up-regulated miRNAs are inversely correlated with those for down-regulated miRNAs; the former genes promote apoptosis and translational elongation, whereas the latter function as inhibitors in these processes. Taken together, these data suggest that porphyra-334 protects cells from harmful UV radiation through the comprehensive modulation of expression patterns of genes involved in UV-mediated biological processes, and that provide a new insight to understand its functional molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Suk Suh
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Sung Gu Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
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40
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Babapoor S, Wu R, Kozubek J, Auidi D, Grant-Kels JM, Dadras SS. Identification of microRNAs associated with invasive and aggressive phenotype in cutaneous melanoma by next-generation sequencing. J Transl Med 2017; 97:636-648. [PMID: 28218741 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive repertoire of human microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be involved in early melanoma invasion into the dermis remains unknown. To this end, we sequenced small RNAs (18-30 nucleotides) isolated from an annotated series of invasive melanomas (average invasive depth, 2.0 mm), common melanocytic nevi, and matched normal skin (n=28). Our previously established bioinformatics pipeline identified 765 distinct mature known miRNAs and defined a set of top 40 list that clearly segregated melanomas into thin (0.75 mm) and thick (2.7 mm) groups. Among the top, miR-21-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7a-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-21-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-205-5p were differentially expressed between thin and thick melanomas. In a validation cohort (n=167), measured expression of miR-21-5p and miR-424-5p, not previously reported in melanoma, were significantly increased in invasive compared with in situ melanomas (P<0.0001). Increased miR-21-5p levels were significantly associated with invasive depth (P=0.038), tumor mitotic index (P=0.038), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.0036), and AJCC stage (P=0.038). In contrast, let-7b levels were significantly decreased in invasive and in situ melanomas compared with common and dysplastic nevi (P<0.0001). Decreased let-7b levels were significantly associated with invasive depth (P=0.011), Clark's level (P=0.013), ulceration (P=0.0043), and AJCC stage (P=0.011). These results define a distinct set of miRNAs associated with invasive and aggressive melanoma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhiros Babapoor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- CICATS Biostatics Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - James Kozubek
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Donna Auidi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Soheil S Dadras
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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41
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Lei L, Zeng Q, Lu J, Ding S, Xia F, Kang J, Tan L, Gao L, Kang L, Cao K, Zhou J, Xiao R, Chen J, Huang J. MALAT1 participates in ultraviolet B-induced photo-aging via regulation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3977-3982. [PMID: 28487970 PMCID: PMC5436239 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), transcripts of >200 bp in length that do not appear to exhibit any coding capacity, are important in the occurrence and development of cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, effects of lncRNAs on photo-aging remain to be elucidated. To explore the potential effects of the lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on photo-aging in fibroblasts, MALAT1 expression was silenced in fibroblasts using small interference RNA. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine MALAT1 expression in normal and silenced fibroblasts following irradiation with 60 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet B (UVB) and an ELISA assay was used to identify matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) content in the cellular supernatant. A β-galactosidase kit was applied to measure the number of senescent cells and a western blot assay was used to detect extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 phosphorylation levels. RT-qPCR was additionally used to detect changes in MALAT1 expression following suppression of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Fibroblasts irradiated with 60 mJ/cm2 UVB demonstrated increased MALAT1 expression, MMP-1 secretory volume and number of senescent cells, and greater levels of ERK, p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Following silencing of MALAT1 expression in photo-aged fibroblasts, decreases were observed in MMP-1 secretory volume, number of senescent cells and phosphorylation levels of ERK. NAC reduced ROS content, however, it did not affect MALAT1 expression. Therefore, it was concluded that MALAT1 may participate in UVB-induced photo-aging via regulation of the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and UVB-induced MALAT1 expression is independent of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lina Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Liyang Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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42
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Peng Y, Song X, Zheng Y, Wang X, Lai W. Circular RNA profiling reveals that circCOL3A1-859267 regulate type I collagen expression in photoaged human dermal fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:277-284. [PMID: 28286269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Production of type I collagen declines is a main characteristic during photoaging, but the mechanism is still not fully understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of newly identified non-coding RNAs with regulatory potency by sequestering miRNAs like a sponge. It's more stable than linear RNAs, and would be a useful tool for regulation of gene expression. However, the role of circRNAs in collagen expression during photoaging is still unclear. Here we performed deep sequencing of RNA generated from UVA irradiated and no irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and identified 29 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs (fold change ≥ 1.5, P < 0.05), 12 circRNAs were up-regulated and 17 circRNAs were down-regulated.3 most differentially expressed circRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR and the down-regulated circCOL3A1-859267 exhibited the most significantly altered in photoaged HDFs. Overexpression of circCOL3A1-859267 inhibited UVA-induced decrease of type I collagen expression and silencing of it reduced type I collagen intensity. Via a bioinformatic method, 44 miRNAs were predicted to binding with circCOL3A1-859267, 5 of them have been confirmed or predicted to interact with type I collagen. This study show that circCOL3A1-859267 regulate type I collagen expression in photoaged HDFs, suggesting it may be a novel target for interfering photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Peng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Hsa-miR-520d-5p promotes survival in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to a lethal dose of UV irradiation. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16029. [PMID: 28721278 PMCID: PMC5515008 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that hsa-miR-520d-5p is functionally involved in the induction of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and stemness-mediated processes in normal cells and cancer cells, respectively. On the basis of the synergistic effect of p53 upregulation and demethylation induced by 520d-5p, the current study investigated the effect of this miRNA on apoptotic induction by ultraviolet B (UVB) light in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. 520d-5p was lentivirally transfected into NHDF cells either before or after a lethal dose of UVB irradiation (302 nm) to assess its preventive or therapeutic effects, respectively. The methylation level, gene expression, production of type I collagen and cell cycle distribution were estimated in UV-irradiated cells. NHDF cells transfected with 520d-5p prior to UVB irradiation had apoptotic characteristics, and the transfection exerted no preventive effects. However, transfection with 520d-5p into NHDF cells after UVB exposure resulted in the induction of reprogramming in damaged fibroblasts, the survival of CD105-positive cells, an extended cell lifespan and prevention of cellular damage or malfunction; these outcomes were similar to the effects observed in 520d-5p-transfected NHDF cells (520d/NHDF). The gene expression of c-Abl (Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1), ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein), and BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene I) in transfectants was transcriptionally upregulated in order. These mechanistic findings indicate that ATR-dependent DNA damage repair was activated under this stressor. In conclusion, 520d-5p exerted a therapeutic effect on cells damaged by UVB and restored them to a normal senescent state following functional restoration via survival of CD105-positive cells through c-Abl-ATR-BRCA1 pathway activation, p53 upregulation, and demethylation.
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Chen CY, Chen CJ, Lai CH, Wu BY, Lee SP, Johnson MD, Lin CY, Wang JK. Increased matriptase zymogen activation by UV irradiation protects keratinocyte from cell death. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Jiang S, Yu X, Dong C. MiR-137 affects melanin synthesis in mouse melanocyte by repressing the expression of c-Kit and Tyrp2 in SCF/c-Kit signaling pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2115-2121. [PMID: 27323927 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we created miR-137 overexpressing transgenic mice that produced lighten color phenotypes including gray mice phenotype. However, the miR-137 functional role in coat color regulation is still not well understood. In this study, the quantity of melanin granule and the relative expression of TYRP2 in gray miR-137 overexpression transgenic mouse skin were significantly lower than that in C57BL/6J black mouse skin. The mRNA and protein expression level of c-Kit and c-Kit downstream gene Tyrp2 in miR-137 expression plasmid-transfected melanocytes were significantly down-regulated comparing with that of the control melanocytes. In melanocytes, miR-137 overexpression could decrease the enhanced expression of c-Kit and Tyrp2 and the increased melanin production caused by UV treatment. The target relationship of miR-137 and c-Kit was identified by luciferase assay. The results suggest that miR-137 could inhibit melanogenesis in mouse skin melanocytes by repressing the expression of c-Kit and Tyrp2 in SCF/c-Kit signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , China
| | - Xiuju Yu
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , China
| | - Changsheng Dong
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , China
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Chen HL, Chiang PC, Lo CH, Lo YH, Hsu DK, Chen HY, Liu FT. Galectin-7 Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation through JNK-miR-203-p63 Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:182-191. [PMID: 26763438 PMCID: PMC4803640 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-7, a member of the β-galactoside-binding protein family, is primarily expressed in stratified epithelial cells, including keratinocytes. There is information in the literature suggesting a role for this protein in regulation of keratinocyte survival and growth, but the underlying mechanism remains relatively unknown. Moreover, its expression pattern in the epidermis suggests that it is also involved in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that galectin-7 knockdown results in reduced differentiation and increased proliferation of keratinocytes. Using microarray and deep-sequencing analyses, we found that galectin-7 positively and negatively regulates microRNA (miR)-203 and miR-146a expression, respectively. We show that galectin-7 regulates keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation through miR-203 but not miR-146a. A knockdown of either galectin-7 or miR-203 in keratinocytes increases expression of p63, an essential transcription factor involved in skin development. Rescue of miR-203 expression in a galectin-7 knockdown model reduces p63 expression to baseline. Increased galectin-7 expression upregulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein levels, which is required for miR-203 expression. Finally, we establish that galectin-7 can be associated with JNK1 and protect it from ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, our data suggest an intracellular function of galectin-7: regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation through the JNK1-miR-203-p63 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsin Lo
- Graduate institute of immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel K Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate institute of immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
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Sha J, Gastman BR, Morris N, Mesinkovska NA, Baron ED, Cooper KD, McCormick T, Arbesman J, Harter ML. The Response of microRNAs to Solar UVR in Skin-Resident Melanocytes Differs between Melanoma Patients and Healthy Persons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154915. [PMID: 27149382 PMCID: PMC4858311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of melanocytes into cutaneous melanoma is largely dictated by the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Yet to be described, however, is exactly how these cells are affected by intense solar UVR while residing in their natural microenvironment, and whether their response differs in persons with a history of melanoma when compared to that of healthy individuals. By using laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate a pure population of melanocytes from a small area of skin that had been intermittingly exposed or un-exposed to physiological doses of solar UVR, we can now report for the first time that the majority of UV-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) in the melanocytes of a group of women with a history of melanoma are down-regulated when compared to those in the melanocytes of healthy controls. Among the miRNAs that were commonly and significantly down-regulated in each of these women were miR-193b (P<0.003), miR-342-3p (P<0.003), miR186 (P<0.007), miR-130a (P<0.007), and miR-146a (P<0.007). To identify genes potentially released from inhibition by these repressed UV-miRNAs, we analyzed databases (e.g., DIANA-TarBase) containing experimentally validated microRNA-gene interactions. In the end, this enabled us to construct UV-miRNA-gene regulatory networks consisting of individual genes with a probable gain-of-function being intersected not by one, but by several down-regulated UV-miRNAs. Most striking, however, was that these networks typified well-known regulatory modules involved in controlling the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and processes associated with the regulation of immune-evasion. We speculate that these pathways become activated by UVR resulting in miRNA down regulation only in melanocytes susceptible to melanoma, and that these changes could be partially responsible for empowering these cells toward tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Sha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Gastman
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, United States of America
| | - Nathan Morris
- Statistical Science Core in the Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Natasha A. Mesinkovska
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, United States of America
| | - Elma D. Baron
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Thomas McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Joshua Arbesman
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Marian L. Harter
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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NEAGU MONICA, CARUNTU CONSTANTIN, CONSTANTIN CAROLINA, BODA DANIEL, ZURAC SABINA, SPANDIDOS DEMETRIOSA, TSATSAKIS ARISTIDISM. Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2516-28. [PMID: 26986013 PMCID: PMC4811393 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting humans worldwide, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. The study of skin carcinogenesis is of major interest for both scientific research and clinical practice and the use of in vivo systems may facilitate the investigation of early alterations in the skin and of the mechanisms involved, and may also lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for skin cancer. This review outlines several aspects regarding the skin toxicity testing domain in mouse models of chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. There are important strain differences in view of the histological type, development and clinical evolution of the skin tumor, differences reported decades ago and confirmed by our hands‑on experience. Using mouse models in preclinical testing is important due to the fact that, at the molecular level, common mechanisms with human cutaneous tumorigenesis are depicted. These animal models resemble human skin cancer development, in that genetic changes caused by carcinogens and pro‑inflammatory cytokines, and simultaneous inflammation sustained by pro‑inflammatory cytokines and chemokines favor tumor progression. Drugs and environmental conditions can be tested using these animal models. keeping in mind the differences between human and rodent skin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- MONICA NEAGU
- 'Victor Babes' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 76201, Romania
| | - CONSTANTIN CARUNTU
- Department of Physiology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest 79811, Romania
| | | | - DANIEL BODA
- Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest 79811, Romania
| | - SABINA ZURAC
- Department of Pathology, 'Colentina' Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 72202, Romania
| | - DEMETRIOS A. SPANDIDOS
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - ARISTIDIS M. TSATSAKIS
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Russo I, Cona C, Saponeri A, Bassetto F, Baldo V, Alaibac M. Association between Toll-like receptor 7 Gln11Leu single-nucleotide polymorphism and basal cell carcinoma. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:459-462. [PMID: 27073632 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most common form of human skin cancer. The majority of NMSC are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a BCC:SCC incidence ratio of 4:1 in immunocompetent patients. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, against which they activate the innate immune response and initiate the adaptive immune response. Genetic variations of these receptors can alter the immune system and are involved in evolution and susceptibility of various diseases, including cancer. Imiquimod, an agonist of TLR7, is applied topically in the treatment of premalignant and malignant skin disorders, in particular BCC. The high efficacy of this TLR7 agonist toward BCC supports a possible role of this receptor in the induction of BCC and, consequently, polymorphisms of this receptor could be responsible for a greater or lesser susceptibility to BCC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the presence of the functional TLR7 rs179008/Gln11Leu promoter polymorphism conferred an increased susceptibility to BCC. A case-control study with 177 BCC cases and 158 controls was performed to highlight the possible association between this polymorphism and the susceptibility to BCC. As the TLR7 gene is localized on chromosome X, the allelic frequency of this polymorphism was analyzed separately in males and females. The analysis of the distribution of frequencies of wild-type TLR7 and variant TLR7 carrying the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs179008 in patients with BCC and healthy subjects did not reveal any statistically significant difference between cases and controls. This study does not suggest the involvement of the SNP rs179008 of TLR7 in the susceptibility to BCC, but cannot exclude a role for TLR7 in BCC carcinogenesis considering the high efficacy of the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod, in the treatment of this neoplastic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Camilla Cona
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Saponeri
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Baldo
- Public Health Unit, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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