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Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Malekzadeh Estalkhi F, Khanjani Jelodar S, Ahmed Hasan T, Farhadi-Pahnedari S, Karimian M. Neuroprotective effects of alpha-pinene against behavioral deficits in ketamine-induced mice model of schizophrenia: Focusing on oxidative stress status. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:182-189. [PMID: 38318342 PMCID: PMC10839590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a profound neurological disorder that affects approximately 1% of the global population. Alpha-pinene (α-pinene) is a natural and active monoterpene found in coniferous tree oil, primarily pine, with diverse pharmacological characteristics, including antioxidative, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties. This research study delves into the neuroprotective effects of α-pinene on oxidative stress, memory deficits, and depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in a ketamine-induced mice model of SCZ using male mice. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: vehicle, control, positive control, ketamine, α-pinene at 50 mg/kg, and α-pinene at 100 mg/kg. Treatment of the ketamine-induced mice model of SCZ with α-pinene yielded significant improvements in depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, it significantly elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), dopamine levels, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities while markedly reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The current study establishes that α-pinene treatment effectively mitigates oxidative damage, cognitive deficits, and depressive and anxiogenic-like behaviors in the brains of ketamine-treated mice. Therefore, α-pinene treatment is an efficacious approach to forestall the neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical adverse effects of the ketamine-induced SCZ model of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tabarek Ahmed Hasan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Peng Z, Lu J, Liu K, Xie L, Wang Y, Cai C, Yang D, Xi J, Yan C, Li X, Shi M. Hypericin as a promising natural bioactive naphthodianthrone: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5639-5656. [PMID: 37690821 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin can be derived from St. John's wort, which is widely spread around the world. As a natural product, it has been put into clinical practice such as wound healing and depression for a long time. In this article, we review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety of hypericin, aiming to introduce the research advances and provide a full evaluation of it. Turns out hypericin, as a natural photosensitizer, exhibits an excellent capacity for anticancer, neuroprotection, and elimination of microorganisms, especially when activated by light, potent anticancer and antimicrobial effects are obtained after photodynamic therapy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic effects involve the induction of cell death, inhibition of cell cycle progression, inhibition of the reuptake of amines, and inhibition of virus replication. The pharmacokinetics properties indicate that hypericin has poor water solubility and bioavailability. The distribution and excretion are fast, and it is metabolized in bile. The toxicity of hypericin is rarely reported and the conventional use of it rarely causes adverse effects except for photosensitization. Therefore, we may conclude that hypericin can be used safely and effectively against a variety of diseases. We hope to provide researchers with detailed guidance and enlighten the development of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Mohebichamkhorami F, Niknam Z, Zali H, Mostafavi E. Therapeutic Potential of Oral-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Retinal Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2709-2723. [PMID: 37733198 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The retina has restricted regeneration ability to recover injured cell layer because of reduced production of neurotrophic factors and increased inhibitory molecules against axon regrowth. A diseased retina could be regenerated by repopulating the damaged tissue with functional cell sources like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The cells are able to release neurotrophic factors (NFs) to boost axonal regeneration and cell maintenance. In the current study, we comprehensively explore the potential of various types of stem cells (SCs) from oral cavity as promising therapeutic options in retinal regeneration. The oral MSCs derived from cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) which explains their broad neural differentiation potential and secret rich NFs. They are comprised of dental pulp SCs (DPSCs), SCs from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), SCs from apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament-derived SCs (PDLSCs), gingival MSCs (GMSCs), and dental follicle SCs (DFSCs). The Oral MSCs are becoming a promising source of cells for cell-free or cell-based therapeutic approach to recover degenerated retinal. These cells have various mechanisms of action in retinal regeneration including cell replacement and the paracrine effect. It was demonstrated that they have more neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on retinal cells than immediate replacement of injured cells in retina. This could be the reason that their therapeutic effects would be weakened over time. It can be concluded that neuronal and retinal regeneration through these cells is most likely due to their NFs that dramatically suppress oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Although, oral MSCs are attractive therapeutic options for retinal injuries, more preclinical and clinical investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohebichamkhorami
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Yuan X, Yan F, Gao L, Ma Q, Wang J. Hypericin as a potential drug for treating Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes with a view to drug repositioning. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3307-3321. [PMID: 37183545 PMCID: PMC10580347 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two of the most common diseases in elderly population and they have a high rate of comorbidity. Study has revealed that T2D is a major risk factor of AD, and thus exploring therapeutic approaches that can target both diseases has drawn much interest in recent years. In this study, we tried to explore drugs that could be potentially used to prevent or treat both AD and T2D via a drug repositioning approach. METHODS We first searched the known drugs that may be effective to T2D treatment based on the network distance between the T2D-associated genes and drugs deposited in the DrugBank database. Then, via molecular docking, we further screened these drugs by examining their interaction with islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and Aβ42 peptide, the key components involved in the pathogenesis of T2D or AD. Finally, the binding between the selected drug candidates and the target proteins was verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation; and the potential function of the drug candidates and the corresponding targets were analyzed. RESULTS From multiple resources, 734 T2D-associated genes were collected, and a list of 1109 drug candidates for T2D was obtained. We found that hypericin had the lowest binding energy and the most stable interaction with either IAPP or Aβ42 peptide. In addition, we also found that the target genes regulated by hypericin were differentially expressed in the tissues related to the two diseases. CONCLUSION Our results show that hypericin may be able to bind with IAPP and Aβ42 stably and prevent their accumulation, and thus could be a promising drug candidate for treating the comorbidity of AD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Fei Yan
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Li‐Hui Gao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian‐Hui Ma
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Limón-Morales O, Morales-Quintero K, Arteaga-Silva M, Molina-Jiménez T, Cerbón M, Bonilla-Jaime H. Alterations of learning and memory are accompanied by alterations in the expression of 5-HT receptors, glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in different brain regions of an animal model of depression generated by neonatally male treatment with clomipramine in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 455:114664. [PMID: 37714467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Depressive illness has been associated with impaired cognitive processes accompanied by reduced neurotrophin levels, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and dysfunctions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, depression is characterized by a decreased functioning of the serotonergic system due to changes in the activity or expression of its receptors including, most significantly, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 in brain regions that regulate mood, emotions, and memory, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. In this regard, rats treated with clomipramine (CMI) in the neonatal stage show depression-like behaviors that persist into adulthood; hence, this constitutes an adequate model of depression for exploring various molecular aspects associated with the etiology of this disorder. This, study, then, was designed to analyze the long-term effects of early postnatal exposure to CMI on the expression of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 receptors, as well as BDNF and GR in the following brain regions: PFC, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, which could be related to alterations in memory and learning, as evaluated using the novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM). Expression of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 receptors, BDNF, and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was assessed by RT-qPCR in the four aforementioned brain regions, all of which play important roles in the control of memory and mood. Findings show that neonatal treatment with CMI causes alterations in memory and learning, as indicated by alterations in the results of the MWM and NOR tests. Expression of the 5-HT1A receptor increased in the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus, but decreased in the PFC, while the 5-HT2A and BDNF receptors decreased their expression in the PFC, amygdala, and hippocampus. There was no change in the expression of the 5-HT3 receptor. In addition, expression of GR in the hippocampus and PFC was low, but increased in the hypothalamus. Taken together, these data show that neonatal CMI treatment produces permanent molecular changes in brain regions related to learning and memory that could contribute to explaining the behavioral alterations observed in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Limón-Morales
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P 09340 CDMX, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Kenia Morales-Quintero
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Marcela Arteaga-Silva
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Tania Molina-Jiménez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n, Zona Universitaria Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, C.P 09340 CDMX, Mexico
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Mohebichamkhorami F, Faizi M, Mahmoudifard M, Hajikarim-Hamedani A, Mohseni SS, Heidari A, Ghane Y, Khoramjouy M, Khayati M, Ghasemi R, Zali H, Hosseinzadeh S, Mostafavi E. Microfluidic Synthesis of Ultrasmall Chitosan/Graphene Quantum Dots Particles for Intranasal Delivery in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207626. [PMID: 37309299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) based therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) attract interest due to their ability to pass across or bypass the blood-brain barrier. Chitosan (CS) NPs or graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are promising drug carriers with excellent physicochemical and electrical properties. The current study proposes the combination of CS and GQDs in ultrasmall NP form not as drug carriers but as theranostic agents for AD. The microfluidic-based synthesis of the CS/GQD NPs with optimized characteristics makes them ideal for transcellular transfer and brain targeting after intranasal (IN) delivery. The NPs have the ability to enter the cytoplasm of C6 glioma cells in vitro and show dose and time-dependent effects on the viability of the cells. IN administration of the NPs to streptozotocin (STZ) induced AD-like models lead to a significant number of entrances of the treated rats to the target arm in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) test. It shows the positive effect of the NPs on the memory recovery of the treated rats. The NPs are detectable in the brain via in vivo bioimaging due to GQDs as diagnostic markers. The noncytotoxic NPs localize in the myelinated axons of hippocampal neurons. They do not affect the clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques at intercellular space. Moreover, they showed no positive impact on the enhancement of MAP2 and NeuN expression as markers of neural regeneration. The memory improvement in treated AD rats may be due to neuroprotection via the anti-inflammation effect and regulation of the brain tissue microenvironment that needs to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohebichamkhorami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1968917313, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19919-53381, Iran
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, 1497716316, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh Sarvenaz Mohseni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19919-53381, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran
| | - Yekta Ghane
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Mona Khoramjouy
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19919-53381, Iran
| | - Maryam Khayati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 45139-56184, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Neurophysiology research center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1968917313, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1968917313, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1968917313, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Huang Z, Jordan JD, Zhang Q. Early life adversity as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:25. [PMID: 37173751 PMCID: PMC10182702 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD), impose a huge burden on society, affecting millions of people globally. In addition to genetic factors, recent studies indicate that environmental and experiential factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Early life adversity (ELA) has a profound impact on brain function and health later in life. In rodent models, exposure to ELA results in specific cognitive deficits and aggravated AD pathology. Extensive concerns have been raised regarding the higher risk of developing cognitive impairments in people with a history of ELA. In this review, we scrutinize findings from human and animal studies focusing on the connection of ELA with cognitive impairment and AD. These discoveries suggest that ELA, especially at early postnatal stages, increases susceptibility to cognitive impairment and AD later in life. In terms of mechanisms, ELA could lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, altered gut microbiome, persistent inflammation, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, hypomyelination, and aberrant adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Crosstalks among these events may synergistically contribute to cognitive impairment later in life. Additionally, we discuss several interventions that may alleviate adverse consequences of ELA. Further investigation into this crucial area will help improve ELA management and reduce the burden of related neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - J Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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Nakama N, Usui N, Doi M, Shimada S. Early life stress impairs brain and mental development during childhood increasing the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110783. [PMID: 37149280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become known that stress in childhood, called early life stress (ELS), affects the mental health of children, adolescents, and adults. Child maltreatment (CM) is an inappropriate form of childcare that interferes with children's normal brain and mind development. Previous studies have reported that CM severely affects brain development and function. For example, ELS causes brain vulnerability and increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. In addition, it is known that the different types and timing of abuse have different effects on the brain. Epidemiological and clinical studies are being conducted to understand the mechanism underlying abuse on a child's mental health and appropriate brain development; however, they are not fully understood. Therefore, studies using animal models, as well as humans, have been conducted to better understand the effects of CM. In this review, we discuss the effects of comparing previous findings on different types of CM in human and animal models. However, it should be noted that there are differences between animal models and humans such as genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to stress. Our review provides the latest insights into the negative effects of CM on children's development and on psychiatric disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Nakama
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; CoMIT Omics Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Doi
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
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9
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Wu JJ, Zhang J, Xia CY, Ding K, Li XX, Pan XG, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. Hypericin: A natural anthraquinone as promising therapeutic agent. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154654. [PMID: 36689857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypericin is a prominent secondary metabolite mainly existing in genus Hypericum. It has become a research focus for a quiet long time owing to its extensively pharmacological activities especially the anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and neuroprotective effects. This review concentrated on summarizing and analyzing the existing studies of hypericin in a comprehensive perspective. METHODS The literature with desired information about hypericin published after 2010 was gained from electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases and Wan Fang DATA. RESULTS According to extensive preclinical and clinical studies conducted on the hypericin, an organized and comprehensive summary of the natural and artificial sources, strategies for improving the bioactivities, pharmacological activities, drug combination of hypericin was presented to explore the future therapeutic potential of this active compound. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review offered a theoretical guidance for the follow-up research of hypericin. However, the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and structure activity relationship of hypericin should be further studied in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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10
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A Novel Early Life Stress Model Affects Brain Development and Behavior in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054688. [PMID: 36902120 PMCID: PMC10002977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) in developing children has been linked to physical and psychological sequelae in adulthood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ELS on brain and behavioral development by establishing a novel ELS model that combined the maternal separation paradigm and mesh platform condition. We found that the novel ELS model caused anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and induced social deficits and memory impairment in the offspring of mice. In particular, the novel ELS model induced more enhanced depression-like behavior and memory impairment than the maternal separation model, which is the established ELS model. Furthermore, the novel ELS caused upregulation of arginine vasopressin expression and downregulation of GABAergic interneuron markers, such as parvalbumin (PV), vasoactive intestinal peptide, and calbindin-D28k (CaBP-28k), in the brains of the mice. Finally, the offspring in the novel ELS model showed a decreased number of cortical PV-, CaBP-28k-positive cells and an increased number of cortical ionized calcium-binding adaptors-positive cells in their brains compared to mice in the established ELS model. Collectively, these results indicated that the novel ELS model induced more negative effects on brain and behavioral development than the established ELS model.
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Choudhary N, Collignon TE, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Hypericin and its anticancer effects: From mechanism of action to potential therapeutic application. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154356. [PMID: 35985181 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies indicate that hypericin has diverse pharmacological actions and exhibits potential for treatment of various types of cancer. PURPOSE The current review evaluates the pharmacological activity, associated molecular mechanism, and therapeutic application of hypericin as an anticancer agent according to the most recent state of knowledge with special emphasis on clinical trials and safety profile. METHOD This review follows The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews criteria. Various databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, were used to search and collect relevant literature. The major keywords used included the following: cancer, distribution, property, signaling pathway, pharmacological effect, treatment, prevention, in vitro and in vivo studies, toxicity, bioavailability, and clinical trials. RESULTS One hundred three articles met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hypericin has shown anticancer activity against the expansion of several cell types including breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, stomach carcinoma, leukemia, lung cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma cancer. Hypericin exerts its anticancer activity by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators, endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial thioredoxin. It has also been shown to cause an increase in the levels of caspase-3 and caspase-4, arrest the cell cycle at metaphase leading to cancer cell apoptosis, and affect various protein and gene expression patterns. CONCLUSION Hypericin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against various types of in vitro and in vivo cancer models. However, well-designed, high quality, large-scale and multi-center randomized clinical studies are required to establish the safety and clinical utility of hypericin in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab 151101, India
| | - Taylor E Collignon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Effects of early life adversities upon memory processes and cognition in rodent models. Neuroscience 2022; 497:282-307. [PMID: 35525496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stressors in early postnatal life induces long-lasting modifications in brainfunction.Thisplasticity,an essential characteristic of the brain that enables adaptation to the environment, may also induce impairments in some psychophysiological functions, including learning and memory. Early life stress (ELS) has long-term effects on thehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axisresponse to stressors, and has been reported to lead toneuroinflammation,altered levelsof neurotrophic factors, modifications inneurogenesis andsynaptic plasticity,with changes in neurotransmitter systems and network functioning. In this review, we focus on early postnatal stress in animal models and their effects on learning and memory.Many studies have reported ELS-induced impairments in different types of memories, including spatial memory, fear memory, recognition (both for objects and social) memory, working memory and reversal learning. Studies are not always in agreement, however, no effects, or sometimes facilitation, being reported, depending on the nature and intensity of the early intervention, as well as the age when the outcome was evaluated and the sex of the animals. When considering processes occurring after consolidation, related with memory maintenance or modification, there are a very reduced number of reports. Future studies addressing the mechanisms underlying memory changes for ELS should shed some light on the understanding of the different effects induced by stressors of different types and intensities on cognitive functions.
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Chen S, Tang Y, Gao Y, Nie K, Wang H, Su H, Wang Z, Lu F, Huang W, Dong H. Antidepressant Potential of Quercetin and its Glycoside Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review and Update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865376. [PMID: 35462940 PMCID: PMC9024056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a global health problem with growing prevalence rates and serious impacts on the daily life of patients. However, the side effects of currently used antidepressants greatly reduce the compliance of patients. Quercetin is a flavonol present in fruits, vegetables, and Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been proved to have various pharmacological effects such as anti-depressant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective. This review summarizes the evidence for the pharmacological application of quercetin to treat depression. We clarified the mechanisms of quercetin regulating the levels of neurotransmitters, promoting the regeneration of hippocampal neurons, improving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, and reducing inflammatory states and anti-oxidative stress. We also summarized the antidepressant effects of some quercetin glycoside derivatives to provide a reference for further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Grade 2017 of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical School, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Dong,
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Lorigooini Z, Boroujeni SN, Sayyadi-Shahraki M, Rahimi-Madiseh M, Bijad E, Amini-khoei H. Limonene through Attenuation of Neuroinflammation and Nitrite Level Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect on Mouse Model of Maternal Separation Stress. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:8817309. [PMID: 33564342 PMCID: PMC7864762 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8817309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS Mice were randomly divided into experimental groups as follows: the control group received normal saline and MS groups received normal saline, limonene (10 and 20 mg/kg), L-NAME (10 mg/kg), L-arginine (L-arg) (75 mg/kg), limonene (10 mg/kg) plus L-NAME, and limonene (20 mg/kg) plus L-arg. Behavioral tests including the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and splash test were performed. Finally, serum and hippocampal nitrite levels as well as the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-1β and TNF-α) in the hippocampus were measured. RESULTS We showed that MS caused depressive-like behavior. Treatment of MS mice with limonene reduced the duration of immobility time in FST and increases the grooming activity time in the splash test. Limonene also reduces serum and brain nitrite levels and reduces the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus. We found that L-NAME potentiated the effects of a subeffective dose of limonene. CONCLUSION We concluded that the antidepressant-like effects of limonene are probably mediated through inhibition of neuroinflammation and attenuation of nitrite levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sayyadi-Shahraki
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Bijad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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