1
|
Chellathurai MS, Chung LY, Hilles AR, Sofian ZM, Singha S, Ghosal K, Mahmood S. Pharmaceutical chitosan hydrogels: A review on its design and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135775. [PMID: 39307491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) has become a focal point of extensive research in the pharmaceutical industry due to its remarkable biodegradability, biocompatibility and sustainability. Chitosan hydrogels (CS HGs) are characterized by their viscoelasticity, flexibility and softness. The polar surfaces exhibit properties that mitigate interfacial tension between the hydrogel and body fluids. The inherent compatibility of CS HGs with body tissues and fluids positions them as outstanding polymers for delivering therapeutic proteins, peptides, DNA, siRNA, and vaccines. Designed to release drugs through mechanisms such as swelling-based diffusion, bioerosion, and responsiveness to stimuli, CS HGs offer a versatile platform for drug delivery. CS HGs play pivotal roles in serving purposes such as prolonging the duration of preprogrammed drug delivery, enabling stimuli-responsive smart delivery to target sites, protecting encapsulated drugs within the mesh network from adverse environments, and facilitating mucoadhesion and penetration through cell membranes. This review comprehensively outlines various novel preparation methods of CS HGs, delving into the parameters influencing drug delivery system design, providing a rationale for CS HG utilization in drug delivery, and presenting diverse applications across the pharmaceutical landscape. In synthesizing these facets, the review seeks to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted role that CS HGs play in advancing drug delivery methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melbha Starlin Chellathurai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ayah R Hilles
- INHART, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zarif Mohamed Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Souvik Singha
- Nanofabrication and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Nanofabrication and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya-Research Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Advanced Therapeutics (UBAT), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palazzo B, Scialla S, Barca A, Sercia L, Izzo D, Gervaso F, Scalera F. Towards Complex Tissues Replication: Multilayer Scaffold Integrating Biomimetic Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composites. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:471. [PMID: 38790339 PMCID: PMC11118235 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores an approach to design and prepare a multilayer scaffold mimicking interstratified natural tissue. This multilayer construct, composed of chitosan matrices with graded nanohydroxyapatite concentrations, was achieved through an in situ biomineralization process applied to individual layers. Three distinct precursor concentrations were considered, resulting in 10, 20, and 30 wt% nanohydroxyapatite content in each layer. The resulting chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite (Cs/n-HAp) scaffolds, created via freeze-drying, exhibited nanohydroxyapatite nucleation, homogeneous distribution, improved mechanical properties, and good cytocompatibility. The cytocompatibility analysis revealed that the Cs/n-HAp layers presented cell proliferation similar to the control in pure Cs for the samples with 10% n-HAp, indicating good cytocompatibility at this concentration, while no induction of apoptotic death pathways was demonstrated up to a 20 wt% n-Hap concentration. Successful multilayer assembly of Cs and Cs/n-HAp layers highlighted that the proposed approach represents a promising strategy for mimicking multifaceted tissues, such as osteochondral ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Palazzo
- ENEA, Division for Sustainable Materials, Brindisi Research Center, S.S. 7 Appia Km. 706, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
| | - Stefania Scialla
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Amilcare Barca
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Laura Sercia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Daniela Izzo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Scalera
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Q, Chen X, Yu S, Gong G, Shu H. Research progress in brain-targeted nasal drug delivery. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1341295. [PMID: 38298925 PMCID: PMC10828028 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1341295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique anatomical and physiological connections between the nasal cavity and brain provide a pathway for bypassing the blood-brain barrier to allow for direct brain-targeted drug delivery through nasal administration. There are several advantages of nasal administration compared with other routes; for example, the first-pass effect that leads to the metabolism of orally administered drugs can be bypassed, and the poor compliance associated with injections can be minimized. Nasal administration can also help maximize brain-targeted drug delivery, allowing for high pharmacological activity at lower drug dosages, thereby minimizing the likelihood of adverse effects and providing a highly promising drug delivery pathway for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. The aim of this review article was to briefly describe the physiological structures of the nasal cavity and brain, the pathways through which drugs can enter the brain through the nose, the factors affecting brain-targeted nasal drug delivery, methods to improve brain-targeted nasal drug delivery systems through the application of related biomaterials, common experimental methods used in intranasal drug delivery research, and the current limitations of such approaches, providing a solid foundation for further in-depth research on intranasal brain-targeted drug delivery systems (see Graphical Abstract).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Sixun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Shu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|