1
|
Di Martino E, Rayasam A, Vexler ZS. Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:69-86. [PMID: 36705821 PMCID: PMC10796425 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Injuries in the developing brain cause significant long-term neurological deficits. Emerging clinical and preclinical data have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of neonatal and childhood stroke share similar mechanisms that regulate brain damage, but also have distinct molecular signatures and cellular pathways. The focus of this review is on two different diseases-neonatal and childhood stroke-with emphasis on similarities and distinctions identified thus far in rodent models of these diseases. This includes the susceptibility of distinct cell types to brain injury with particular emphasis on the role of resident and peripheral immune populations in modulating stroke outcome. Furthermore, we discuss some of the most recent and relevant findings in relation to the immune-neurovascular crosstalk and how the influence of inflammatory mediators is dependent on specific brain maturation stages. Finally, we comment on the current state of treatments geared toward inducing neuroprotection and promoting brain repair after injury and highlight that future prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for stroke should be age-specific and consider gender differences in order to achieve optimal translational success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Martino
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA
| | - Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA
| | - Zinaida S Vexler
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhend ME, Kempuraj D, Sinha NR, Gupta S, Mohan RR. Role of aquaporins in corneal healing post chemical injury. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109390. [PMID: 36696947 PMCID: PMC9975064 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane water channel proteins that regulate the movement of water through the plasma membrane in various tissues including cornea. The cornea is avascular and has specialized microcirculatory mechanisms for homeostasis. AQPs regulate corneal hydration and transparency for normal vision. Currently, there are 13 known isoforms of AQPs that can be subclassified as orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), or supraquaporins (SAQPs)/unorthodox AQPs. AQPs are implicated in keratocyte function, inflammation, edema, angiogenesis, microvessel proliferation, and the wound-healing process in the cornea. AQPs play an important role in wound healing by facilitating the movement of corneal stromal keratocytes by squeezing through tight stromal matrix and narrow extracellular spaces to the wound site. Deficiency of AQPs can cause reduced concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) leading to reduced epithelial proliferation, reduced/impaired keratocyte migration, reduced number of keratocytes in the injury site, delayed and abnormal wound healing process. Dysregulated AQPs cause dysfunction in osmolar homeostasis as well as wound healing mechanisms. The cornea is a transparent avascular tissue that constitutes the anterior aspect of the outer covering of the eye and aids in two-thirds of visual light refraction. Being the outermost layer of the eye, the cornea is prone to injury. Of the 13 AQP isoforms, AQP1 is expressed in the stromal keratocytes and endothelial cells, and AQP3 and AQP5 are expressed in epithelial cells in the human cornea. AQPs can facilitate wound healing through aid in cellular migration, proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and autophagy mechanism. Corneal wound healing post-chemical injury requires an integrative and coordinated activity of the epithelium, stromal keratocytes, endothelium, ECM, and a battery of cytokines and growth factors to restore corneal transparency. If the chemical injury is mild, the cornea will heal with normal clarity, but severe injuries can lead to partial and/or permanent loss of corneal functions. Currently, the role of AQPs in corneal wound healing is poorly understood in the context of chemical injury. This review discusses the current literature and the role of AQPs in corneal homeostasis, wound repair, and potential therapeutic target for acute and chronic corneal injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Bhend
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong G, Chen X, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Chen W, Li C, Zhang J. RNA interference influenced the proliferation and invasion of XWLC-05 lung cancer cells through inhibiting aquaporin 3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:627-634. [PMID: 28189680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to construct a recombinant vector expressing siRNA targetedly inhibiting aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and to evaluate the effects of AQP3 inhibition on the proliferation and invasion of XWLC-05 human lung cancer cells. METHODS We obtained human AQP3 sequence from the Genbank and established the recombinant vector expressing siRNA targeting AQP3. After the transfection of the recombinant vectors, the expression of AQP3 was determined by RT-PCR and western blot. The MTS assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay were conducted to detect the proliferation, cell cycle process, apoptosis and invasion of XWLC-05 cells. Then the activity of metal matrix proteinase (MMP) 2 was determined by gelatin zymography. Tumor formation in vivo experiments were also conducted in nude mice. RESULTS RNA interference (RNAi) of AQP3 substantially suppressed the XWLC-05 cell proliferation and invasion, blocked the cell cycle progressing and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, the activity of MMP2 was remarkably attenuated in RNAi group. AQP3 RNAi did not affect the tumor formation rate in nude mice but reduced the tumor growth. CONCLUSION The inhibition of AQP3 retarded the growth and invasiveness of XWLC-05 lung cancer cells and decreased the activity of MMP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Editorial Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aquaporin-4 and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081249. [PMID: 27529222 PMCID: PMC5000647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are conditions caused by problems with brain vasculature, which have a high morbidity and mortality. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the most abundant water channel in the brain and crucial for the formation and resolution of brain edema. Considering brain edema is an important pathophysiological change after stoke, AQP4 is destined to have close relation with cerebrovascular diseases. However, this relation is not limited to brain edema due to other biological effects elicited by AQP4. Till now, multiple studies have investigated roles of AQP4 in cerebrovascular diseases. This review focuses on expression of AQP4 and the effects of AQP4 on brain edema and neural cells injuries in cerebrovascular diseases including cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the current review, we pay more attention to the studies of recent years directly from cerebrovascular diseases animal models or patients, especially those using AQP4 gene knockout mice. This review also elucidates the potential of AQP4as an excellent therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
5
|
Molinas A, Mirazimi A, Holm A, Loitto VM, Magnusson KE, Vikström E. Protective role of host aquaporin 6 against Hazara virus, a model for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw058. [PMID: 26976854 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an arthropod-borne pathogen that causes infectious disease with severe hemorrhagic manifestations in vascular system in humans. The proper function of the cells in the vascular system is critically regulated by aquaporins (AQP), water channels that facilitate fluxes of water and small solutes across membranes. With Hazara virus as a model for CCHFV, we investigated the effects of viruses on AQP6 and the impact of AQP6 on virus infectivity in host cells, using transiently expressed GFP-AQP6 cells, immunofluorescent assay for virus detection, epifluorescent imaging of living cells and confocal microscopy. In GFP-AQP6 expressing cells, Hazara virus reduced both the cellular and perinuclear AQP6 distribution and changed the cell area. Infection of human cell with CCHFV strain IbAR 10200 downregulated AQP6 expression at mRNA level. Interestingly, the overexpression of AQP6 in host cells decreased the infectivity of Hazara virus, speaking for a protective role of AQP6. We suggest the possibility for AQP6 being a novel player in the virus-host interactions, which may lead to less severe outcomes of an infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Molinas
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelika Holm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vesa M Loitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karl-Eric Magnusson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elena Vikström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu LS, Fan YY, Ye G, Li J, Feng XP, Lin K, Dong M, Wang Z. Curcumin alleviates brain edema by lowering AQP4 expression levels in a rat model of hypoxia-hypercapnia-induced brain damage. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:709-716. [PMID: 26997983 PMCID: PMC4774356 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumin (CU) against brain edema in a rat model of hypoxia-hypercapnia (HH)-induced brain damage (HHBD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, including a control group and four treatment groups. The rats in the control group were raised under normal laboratory conditions and were injected with water, whereas the rats in the treatment groups were exposed to a low O2/high CO2 environment simulating HH conditions, and were injected with water, CU, dimethyl sulfoxide (solvent control) or monosialoganglioside GM1. After 2 weeks, the morphological characteristics of the brain tissues were analyzed using optical and electron microscopy. In addition, aquaporin (AQP)-4 protein expression levels in brain tissue samples were analyzed using streptavidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and mRNA expression levels were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Severe brain edema, tissue structure disruption and increased AQP4 expression levels were detected in the brain tissues of the HH rats. Conversely, the rats treated with CU or GM1 exhibited attenuated HHBD-induced brain edema and tissue structure disruption, and decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP4. The results of the present study suggested that CU treatment was able to attenuate HHBD-induced brain edema by downregulating the expression levels of AQP4 in a rat model. Therefore, CU may be considered a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of patients with brain edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai City West, Shanghai 200063, P.R. China; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China; Department of Forensic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035w; Institute of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Fan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035w; Institute of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035w; Institute of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035w; Institute of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Ping Feng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035w; Institute of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Kezhi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035w; Institute of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Miuwu Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035w; Institute of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai City West, Shanghai 200063, P.R. China; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Glutathione suppresses cerebral infarct volume and cell death after ischemic injury: involvement of FOXO3 inactivation and Bcl2 expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:426069. [PMID: 25722793 PMCID: PMC4334940 DOI: 10.1155/2015/426069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke interrupts the flow of blood to the brain and subsequently results in cerebral infarction and neuronal cell death, leading to severe pathophysiology. Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant with cellular protective functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in the brain. In addition, GSH is involved in various cellular survival pathways in response to oxidative stress. In the present study, we examined whether GSH reduces cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo and the signaling mechanisms involved in the promotion of cell survival after GSH treatment under ischemia/reperfusion conditions in vitro. To determine whether GSH reduces the extent of cerebral infarction, cell death after ischemia, and reperfusion injury, we measured infarct size in ischemic brain tissue and the expression of claudin-5 associated with brain infarct formation. We also examined activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, inactivation of FOXO3, and expression of Bcl2 to assess the role of GSH in promoting cell survival in response to ischemic injury. Based on our results, we suggest that GSH might improve the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by attenuating cerebral infarction and cell death.
Collapse
|
8
|
Blasco E, Martorell J, De la Fuente C, Pumarola M. Immunohistochemical Study of Aquaporins in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) With Hydrocephalus. J Avian Med Surg 2014; 28:309-15. [PMID: 25843469 DOI: 10.1647/2013-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 5-month-old African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) was examined after 3 weeks of weakness, ataxia, mental depression, and seizures. Results of a complete blood cell count and plasma biochemical analysis were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a severe bilateral hydrocephalus. The bird failed to improve with supportive care, and the owner requested euthanasia. Necropsy findings were severe bilateral hydrocephalus with no evidence of cerebrospinal fluid obstruction. Histologic examination of the brain revealed microspongiosis, edema, gliosis, and neuronal chromatolysis of surrounding periventricular tissue. Aquaporins (AQP) and astrocytes were examined to elucidate the participation of these water channel proteins and glial cells in the pathophysiology and resolution of hydrocephalus. Results showed AQP4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were overexpressed, especially near the ventricles, but expression of AQP1 was decreased. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of AQP immunolabeling in hydrocephalus in avain species.
Collapse
|
9
|
The effect of ASK1 on vascular permeability and edema formation in cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2014; 1595:143-55. [PMID: 25446452 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) is the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) and participates in the various central nervous system (CNS) signaling pathways. In cerebral ischemia, vascular permeability in the brain is an important issue because regulation failure of it results in edema formation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. To determine the role of ASK1 on vascular permeability and edema formation following cerebral ischemia, we first investigated ASK1-related gene expression using microarray analyses of ischemic brain tissue. We then measured protein levels of ASK1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in brain endothelial cells after hypoxia injury. We also examined protein expression of ASK1 and VEGF, edema formation, and morphological alteration through cresyl violet staining in ischemic brain tissue using ASK1-small interference RNA (ASK1-siRNA). Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to examine VEGF and aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) expression in ischemic brain injury. Based on our findings, we propose that ASK1 is a regulating factor of vascular permeability and edema formation in cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kratzer I, Chip S, Vexler ZS. Barrier mechanisms in neonatal stroke. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:359. [PMID: 25426016 PMCID: PMC4224076 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data continue to reveal that the incidence of perinatal stroke is high, similar to that in the elderly. Perinatal stroke leads to significant morbidity and severe long-term neurological and cognitive deficits, including cerebral palsy. Experimental models of cerebral ischemia in neonatal rodents have shown that the pathophysiology of perinatal brain damage is multifactorial. Cerebral vasculature undergoes substantial structural and functional changes during early postnatal brain development. Thus, the state of the vasculature could affect susceptibility of the neonatal brain to cerebral ischemia. In this review, we discuss some of the most recent findings regarding the neurovascular responses of the immature brain to focal arterial stroke in relation to neuroinflammation. We also discuss a possible role of the neonatal blood-CSF barrier in modulating inflammation and the long-term effects of early neurovascular integrity after neonatal stroke on angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kratzer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophorn Chip
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zinaida S Vexler
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Expression and prognostic value of aquaporin 1, 3 in cervical carcinoma in women of Uygur ethnicity from Xinjiang, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98576. [PMID: 24918928 PMCID: PMC4053468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of several aquaporins has been reported in different types of human cancer but the role of aquaporins in carcinogenesis has not yet been clearly defined. There is few report concerning role of aquaporins in human cervical carcinogenesis so far. Here, we determined the expression and prognostic value of aquaporin 1, 3 in cervical carcinoma in Chinese women of Uygur ethnicity. Methods and Results Real-time PCR analyses demonstrated aquaporin 1, 3 mRNA were differentially expressed in cervical carcinoma, CIN 2-3 and mild cervicitis. Immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated aquaporin 1 was predominantly localized to stromal endothelial cells in cervical lesions. Aquaporin 3 was localized to the membrane of normal squamous epithelium, CIN and carcinoma cells. Aquaporin 1 and 3 were upregulated in cervical cancer compared to mild cervicitis and CIN2-3 (P<0.05); Tumor expression of aquaporin 1, 3 significantly increased in advanced stage disease, and patients with deeper tumor infiltration, lymph node metastases or larger tumor volume (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that aquaporin 1, 3 were not independent prognostic factors in cervical carcinoma. Conclusion Aquaporins may participate in the initiation and progression of cervical carcinoma by promoting tumor growth, invasion or lymph node metastasis. Further study is required to determine whether aquaporins have potential as prognostic factors in cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
12
|
Protection of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to hemorrhagic brain injuries and its involved mechanisms: Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and aquaporin-4. Neuroscience 2014; 260:59-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
13
|
Chu H, Tang Y, Dong Q. Protection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor to Brain Edema Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Its Involved Mechanisms: Effect of Aquaporin-4. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66051. [PMID: 23805198 PMCID: PMC3689706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has protective effects on many neurological diseases. However, whether VEGF acts on brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is largely unknown. Our previous study has shown aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays an important role in brain edema elimination following ICH. Meanwhile, there is close relationship between VEGF and AQP4. In this study, we aimed to test effects of VEGF on brain edema following ICH and examine whether they were AQP4 dependent. Recombinant human VEGF165 (rhVEGF165) was injected intracerebroventricularly 1 d after ICH induced by microinjecting autologous whole blood into striatum. We detected perihemotomal AQP4 protein expression, then examined the effects of rhVEGF165 on perihemotomal brain edema at 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after injection in wild type (AQP4+/+) and AQP4 knock-out (AQP4−/−) mice. Furthermore, we assessed the possible signal transduction pathways activated by VEGF to regulate AQP4 expression via astrocyte cultures. We found perihemotomal AQP4 protein expression was highly increased by rhVEGF165. RhVEGF165 alleviated perihemotomal brain edema in AQP4+/+ mice at each time point, but had no effect on AQP4−/− mice. Perihemotomal EB extravasation was increased by rhVEGF165 in AQP4−/− mice, but not AQP4+/+ mice. RhVEGF165 reduced neurological deficits and increased Nissl’s staining cells surrounding hemotoma in both types of mice and these effects were related to AQP4. RhVEGF165 up-regulated phospharylation of C-Jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and AQP4 protein in cultured astrocytes. The latter was inhibited by JNK and ERK inhibitors. In conclusion, VEGF reduces neurological deficits, brain edema, and neuronal death surrounding hemotoma but has no influence on BBB permeability. These effects are closely related to AQP4 up-regulation, possibly through activating JNK and ERK pathways. The current study may present new insights to treatment of brain edema following ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heling Chu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie H, Liu F, Liu L, Dan J, Luo Y, Yi Y, Chen X, Li J. Protective role of AQP3 in UVA-induced NHSFs apoptosis via Bcl2 up-regulation. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:397-406. [PMID: 23463292 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), a water/glycerol-transporting protein that facilitates water, urea, and glycerol transport, can inhibit arsenite-induced apoptosis by up-regulating Bcl-2. However, whether it has a protective role in ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced apoptosis in normal human skin fibroblasts is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that mild UVA treatment fails to induce oxidative cell stress and apoptosis in normal human skin fibroblasts (NHSFs) overexpressing AQP3. After severe UVA irradiation, there was an increase in oxidative cell stress and apoptosis when AQP3 levels decreased. We also found that silencing AQP3 sensitized NHSFs to low-dose UVA. Overexpressing AQP3 was protective against high-dose UVA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Besides, we observed that Bcl-2 may be involved in UVA-induced apoptosis. Our findings suggested that the water/glycerol-transporting protein AQP3 plays a role in resistance to UVA-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brain water channel proteins in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:562-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Yu L, Yi J, Ye G, Zheng Y, Song Z, Yang Y, Song Y, Wang Z, Bao Q. Effects of curcumin on levels of nitric oxide synthase and AQP-4 in a rat model of hypoxia–ischemic brain damage. Brain Res 2012; 1475:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Niu D, Kondo T, Nakazawa T, Kawasaki T, Yamane T, Mochizuki K, Kato Y, Matsuzaki T, Takata K, Katoh R. Differential expression of aquaporins and its diagnostic utility in thyroid cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40770. [PMID: 22808259 PMCID: PMC3393684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin3 (AQP3) and Aquaporin4 (AQP4) play a major role in transcellular and transepithelial water movement as water channel membrane proteins. Little is known of their expression and significance in human thyroid tissues. Thus, we examined the expression of AQP3 and AQP4 in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic thyroid tissues in conjunction with human thyroid cancer cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated AQP3 in the cytoplasmic membrane of normal C cells, but not in follicular cells. In contrast, AQP4 was not found in C cells but was identified in normal follicular cells. AQP4 was positive in 92% of Graves' disease thyroids and 97% of multinodular goiters, and we failed to demonstrate AQP3 in these hyperplastic tissues. In neoplastic thyroid lesions, we observed AQP3 in 91% of medullary thyroid carcinomas but in no other follicular cell tumors. AQP4 was demonstrated in 100% of follicular adenomas, 90% of follicular carcinomas, and 85% of papillary carcinomas, while it was negative in all medullary carcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses revealed AQP3 mRNA expression only in medullary carcinomas and AQP4 mRNA expression in follicular cell-derived tumors except for undifferentiated carcinomas. In thyroid cancer cell lines, using RT-PCR and western blotting, AQP3 mRNA and protein were only identified in the TT cell line (human medullary carcinoma cell line) and AQP4 in the other cell lines. In addition, AQP3 mRNA expression was up-regulated by FBS and calcium administration in both a dose and time dependent manner in TT cells. CONCLUSION The differential expressions of AQP3 and AQP4 may reflect the biological nature and/or function of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid cells and additionally may have value in determining differential diagnoses of thyroid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Niu
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadao Nakazawa
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawasaki
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamane
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochizuki
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yohichiro Kato
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gupta AB, Verma RK, Agarwal V, Vajpai M, Bansal V, Sankararamakrishnan R. MIPModDB: a central resource for the superfamily of major intrinsic proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:D362-9. [PMID: 22080560 PMCID: PMC3245135 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The channel proteins belonging to the major intrinsic proteins (MIP) superfamily are diverse and are found in all forms of life. Water-transporting aquaporin and glycerol-specific aquaglyceroporin are the prototype members of the MIP superfamily. MIPs have also been shown to transport other neutral molecules and gases across the membrane. They have internal homology and possess conserved sequence motifs. By analyzing a large number of publicly available genome sequences, we have identified more than 1000 MIPs from diverse organisms. We have developed a database MIPModDB which will be a unified resource for all MIPs. For each MIP entry, this database contains information about the source, gene structure, sequence features, substitutions in the conserved NPA motifs, structural model, the residues forming the selectivity filter and channel radius profile. For selected set of MIPs, it is possible to derive structure-based sequence alignment and evolutionary relationship. Sequences and structures of selected MIPs can be downloaded from MIPModDB database which is freely available at http://bioinfo.iitk.ac.in/MIPModDB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bansal Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vatsal Agarwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Manu Vajpai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vivek Bansal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ramasubbu Sankararamakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| |
Collapse
|