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Pirhaghi M, Mamashli F, Moosavi-Movahedi F, Arghavani P, Amiri A, Davaeil B, Mohammad-Zaheri M, Mousavi-Jarrahi Z, Sharma D, Langel Ü, Otzen DE, Saboury AA. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Promising Therapeutics and Drug-Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2097-2117. [PMID: 38440998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most significant and rapidly growing unmet medical challenges is the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This challenge encompasses the imperative development of efficacious therapeutic agents and overcoming the intricacies of the blood-brain barrier for successful drug delivery. Here we focus on the delivery aspect with particular emphasis on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), widely used in basic and translational research as they enhance drug delivery to challenging targets such as tissue and cellular compartments and thus increase therapeutic efficacy. The combination of CPPs with nanomaterials such as nanoparticles (NPs) improves the performance, accuracy, and stability of drug delivery and enables higher drug loads. Our review presents and discusses research that utilizes CPPs, either alone or in conjugation with NPs, to mitigate the pathogenic effects of neurodegenerative diseases with particular reference to AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Pirhaghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 6673145137, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mamashli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | | | - Payam Arghavani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Ahmad Amiri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Bagher Davaeil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Mahya Mohammad-Zaheri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi-Jarrahi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C 1592-224, Denmark
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
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Jurcau A, Simion A, Jurcau MC. Emerging antibody-based therapies for Huntington's disease: current status and perspectives for future development. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:299-312. [PMID: 38324338 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2314183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Being an inherited neurodegenerative disease with an identifiable genetic defect, Huntington's disease (HD) is a suitable candidate for early intervention, possibly even in the pre-symptomatic stage. Our recent advances in elucidating the pathogenesis of HD have revealed a series of novel potential therapeutic targets, among which immunotherapies are actively pursued in preclinical experiments. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the potential of antibody-based treatments targeting various epitopes (of mutant huntingtin as well as phosphorylated tau) that are currently evaluated in vitro and in animal experiments. The references used in this review were retrieved from the PubMed database, searching for immunotherapies in HD, and clinical trial registries were reviewed for molecules already evaluated in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Antibody-based therapies have raised considerable interest in a series of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by deposition of aggregated of aberrantly folded proteins, HD included. Intrabodies and nanobodies can interact with mutant huntingtin inside the nervous cells. However, the conflicting results obtained with some of these intrabodies highlight the need for proper choice of epitopes and for developing animal models more closely mimicking human disease. Approval of these strategies will require a considerable financial and logistic effort on behalf of healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Aurel Simion
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Manoutcharian K, Gevorkian G. Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Immunotherapy of Parkinson's Disease. BioDrugs 2024; 38:249-257. [PMID: 38280078 PMCID: PMC10912140 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Multiple genetic and environmental factors leading to progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) and consequent depletion of dopamine were described. Current clinical approaches, such as dopamine replacement or deep brain stimulation using surgically implanted probes, provide symptomatic relief but cannot modify disease progression. Therefore, disease-modifying therapeutic tools are urgently needed. Immunotherapy approaches, including passive transfer of protective antibodies and their fragments, have shown therapeutic efficacy in several animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. Recombinant antibody fragments are promising alternatives to conventional full-length antibodies. Modern computational approaches and molecular biology tools, directed evolution methodology, and the design of tissue-penetrating fusion peptides allowed for the development of recombinant antibody fragments with superior specificity and affinity, reduced immunogenicity, the capacity to target hidden epitopes and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), higher solubility and stability, the ability to refold after heat denaturation, and inexpensive large-scale production. In addition, antibody fragments do not induce microglia Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated proinflammatory response and tissue damage in the central nervous system (CNS), because they lack the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin molecule. In the present review, we summarized data on recombinant antibody fragments evaluated as immunotherapeutics in preclinical models of PD and discussed their potential for developing therapeutic and preventive protocols for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70228, Cuidad Universitaria, CP 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70228, Cuidad Universitaria, CP 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
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4
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Zhang X, Wang J, Tan Y, Chen C, Tang S, Zhao S, Qin Q, Huang H, Duan S. Nanobodies in cytokine‑mediated immunotherapy and immunoimaging (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:12. [PMID: 38063273 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are the main regulators of innate and adaptive immunity, mediating communications between the cells of the immune system and regulating biological functions, including cell motility, differentiation, growth and apoptosis. Cytokines and cytokine receptors have been used in the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases, and to intervene in cytokine storms. Indeed, the use of monoclonal antibodies to block cytokine‑receptor interactions, as well as antibody‑cytokine fusion proteins has exhibited immense potential for the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Compared with these traditional types of antibodies, nanobodies not only maintain a high affinity and specificity, but also have the advantages of high thermal stability, a high capacity for chemical manipulation, low immunogenicity, good tissue permeability, rapid clearance and economic production. Thus, nanobodies have extensive potential for use in the diagnosis and treatment of cytokine‑related diseases. The present review summarizes the application of nanobodies in cytokine‑mediated immunotherapy and immunoimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Chaoting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Shimei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Qin
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Hansheng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Siliang Duan
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
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Lan HR, Chen M, Yao SY, Chen JX, Jin KT. Bispecific antibodies revolutionizing breast cancer treatment: a comprehensive overview. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266450. [PMID: 38111570 PMCID: PMC10725925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is known as a complex and prevalent disease requiring the development of novel anticancer therapeutic approaches. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as a favorable strategy for BCa treatment due to their unique ability to target two different antigens simultaneously. By targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on cancer cells, engaging immune effector cells, or blocking critical signaling pathways, BsAbs offer enhanced tumor specificity and immune system involvement, improving anti-cancer activity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of BsAbs in BCa. For example, BsAbs targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have shown the ability to redirect immune cells to HER2-positive BCa cells, resulting in effective tumor cell killing. Moreover, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by BsAbs has demonstrated promising outcomes in overcoming immunosuppression and enhancing immune-mediated tumor clearance. Combining BsAbs with existing therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has also revealed synergistic effects in preclinical models and early clinical trials, emphasizing the usefulness and potential of BsAbs in BCa treatment. This review summarizes the latest evidence about BsAbs in treating BCa and the challenges and opportunities of their use in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Ya Yao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Manoutcharian K, Gevorkian G. Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Neurological Disorders: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 22:CN-EPUB-134164. [PMID: 37646225 PMCID: PMC11337690 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230830142554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibody fragments are promising alternatives to full-length immunoglobulins, creating big opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry. Nowadays, antibody fragments such as antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain fragment variable (scFv), single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are being evaluated as diagnostics or therapeutics in pre-clinical models and in clinical trials. Immunotherapy approaches, including passive transfer of protective antibodies, have shown therapeutic efficacy in several animal models of Alzheimer ́s disease(AD), Parkinson ́s disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington ́s disease (HD), transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS). There are various antibodies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating multiple sclerosis and two amyloid beta-specific humanized antibodies, Aducanumab and Lecanemab, for AD. Our previous review summarized data on recombinant antibodies evaluated in pre-clinical models for immunotherapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we explore recent studies in this fascinating research field, give an update on new preventive and therapeutic applications of recombinant antibody fragments for neurological disorders and discuss the potential of antibody fragments for developing novel approaches for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and targeting cells and molecules of interest in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico
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7
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Vafaei R, Khaki Z, Salehi M, Jalili N, Esmailinejad MR, Muhammadnajad A, Nassiri SM, Vajhi A, Kalbolandi SM, Mirzaei R, Farahmand L. Development of a MET-targeted single-chain antibody fragment as an anti-oncogene targeted therapy for breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:226-239. [PMID: 37004643 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The usage of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fragments, as a matter associated with the biopharmaceutical industry, is increasingly growing. Harmonious with this concept, we designed an exclusive modeled single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) oncoprotein. This scFv was newly developed from Onartuzumab sequence by gene cloning, and expression using bacterial host. Herein, we examined its preclinical efficacy for the reduction of tumor growth, invasiveness and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Expressed anti-MET scFv demonstrated high binding capacity (48.8%) toward MET-overexpressing cancer cells. The IC50 value of anti-MET scFv against MET-positive human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-435) was 8.4 µg/ml whereas this value was measured as 47.8 µg/ml in MET-negative cell line BT-483. Similar concentrations could also effectively induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-435 cancer cells. Moreover, this antibody fragment could reduce migration and invasion in MDA-MB-435 cells. Grafted breast tumors in Balb/c mice showed significant tumor growth suppression as well as reduction of blood-supply in response to recombinant anti-MET treatment. Histopathology and immunohistochemical assessments revealed higher rate of response to therapy. In our study, we designed and synthetized a novel anti-MET scFv which could effectively suppress MET-overexpressing breast cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Vafaei
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Khaki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jalili
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Esmailinejad
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnajad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Nassiri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Vajhi
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Mirzaei
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Production of α-Synuclein Fibrillar-Specific scFv from Inclusion Bodies. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2617:239-248. [PMID: 36656529 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2930-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant antibody fragments such as Fab, scFvs, and diabodies against α-syn have become a viable alternative to the conventional full-length antibodies in immunotherapeutic approaches due to their benefits which include smaller size, higher stability, specificity, and affinity. However, the majority of recombinant antibody fragments typically express as inclusion bodies (IBs) in E. coli, which makes their purification incredibly difficult. Here, we describe a method involving a mild solubilizing protocol followed by slow on-column refolding to purify active single-chain variable fragment (scFv-pF) antibody that can recognize the pathogenic α-syn fibrils.
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9
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Siafaka PI, Okur ME, Erim PD, Çağlar EŞ, Özgenç E, Gündoğdu E, Köprülü REP, Karantas ID, Üstündağ Okur N. Protein and Gene Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Where Do We Stand Today? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2425. [PMID: 36365243 PMCID: PMC9698227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that every year, millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate their lives and their caregivers' lives. To date, there has not been an approved pharmacological approach to provide the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The only available drugs may only relieve the symptoms or slow down the progression of the disease. The absence of any treatment is quite rational given that neurodegeneration occurs by the progressive loss of the function or structure of the nerve cells of the brain or the peripheral nervous system, which eventually leads to their death either by apoptosis or necrotic cell death. According to a recent study, even though adult brain cells are injured, they can revert to an embryonic state, which may help to restore their function. These interesting findings might open a new path for the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies to combat devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Gene and protein therapies have emerged as a rapidly growing field for various disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these promising therapies, the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has not yet been achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the most up-to-date data for neurodegenerative diseases, but most importantly, to summarize the available delivery systems incorporating proteins, peptides, and genes that can potentially target such diseases and pass into the blood-brain barrier. The authors highlight the advancements, at present, on delivery based on the carrier, i.e., lipid, polymeric, and inorganic, as well as the recent studies on radiopharmaceutical theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Evren Okur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dilsiz Erim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Altınbaş University, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
| | - Emre Şefik Çağlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgenç
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Evren Gündoğdu
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Rabia Edibe Parlar Köprülü
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | | | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
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Bangari DS, Lanigan LG, Goulet F, Siso S, Bolon B. Society of Toxicologic Pathology Neuropathology Interest Group Article: Neuropathologic Findings in Nonhuman Primates Associated With Administration of Biomolecule-Based Test Articles. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:693-711. [PMID: 35695393 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing specificity of novel druggable targets coupled with the complexity of emerging therapeutic modalities for treating human diseases has created a growing need for nonhuman primates (NHPs) as models for translational drug discovery and nonclinical safety assessment. In particular, NHPs are critical for investigating potential unexpected/undesired on-target and off-target liabilities associated with administration of candidate biotherapeutics (nucleic acids, proteins, viral gene therapy vectors, etc.) to treat nervous system disorders. Nervous system findings unique to or overrepresented in NHPs administered biomolecule-based ("biologic") test articles include mononuclear cell infiltration in most neural tissues for all biomolecule classes as well as neuronal necrosis with glial cell proliferation in sensory ganglia for certain viral vectors. Such test article-related findings in NHPs often must be differentiated from procedural effects (e.g., local parenchymal or meningeal reactions associated with an injection site or implanted catheter to administer a test article directly into the central nervous system) or spontaneous background findings (e.g., neuronal autophagy in sensory ganglia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S Bangari
- Global Discovery Pathology, Translational In-Vivo Models Platform, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Felix Goulet
- Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia Siso
- Translational Imaging and Pathology, Codiak BioSciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei belongs to a genus of protists that cause life-threatening and economically important diseases of human and animal populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. T. brucei cells are covered in surface glycoproteins, some of which are used to escape the host immune system. Exo-/endocytotic trafficking of these and other molecules occurs via a single copy organelle called the flagellar pocket (FP). The FP is maintained and enclosed around the flagellum by the flagellar pocket collar (FPC). To date, the most important cytoskeletal component of the FPC is an essential calcium-binding, polymer-forming protein called TbBILBO1. In searching for novel tools to study this protein, we raised nanobodies (Nb) against purified, full-length TbBILBO1. Nanobodies were selected according to their binding properties to TbBILBO1, tested as immunofluorescence tools, and expressed as intrabodies (INb). One of them, Nb48, proved to be the most robust nanobody and intrabody. We further demonstrate that inducible, cytoplasmic expression of INb48 was lethal to these parasites, producing abnormal phenotypes resembling those of TbBILBO1 RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown. Our results validate the feasibility of generating functional single-domain antibody-derived intrabodies to target trypanosome cytoskeleton proteins. IMPORTANCETrypanosoma brucei belongs to a group of important zoonotic parasites. We investigated how these organisms develop their cytoskeleton (the internal skeleton that controls cell shape) and focused on an essential protein (BILBO1) first described in T. brucei. To develop our analysis, we used purified BILBO1 protein to immunize an alpaca to make nanobodies (Nb). Nanobodies are derived from the antigen-binding portion of a novel antibody type found only in the camel and shark families of animals. Anti-BILBO1 nanobodies were obtained, and their encoding genes were inducibly expressed within the cytoplasm of T. brucei as intrabodies (INb). Importantly, INb48 expression rapidly killed parasites producing phenotypes normally observed after RNA knockdown, providing clear proof of principle. The importance of this study is derived from this novel approach, which can be used to study neglected and emerging pathogens as well as new model organisms, especially those that do not have the RNAi system.
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Wang Y, Li X, Chen X, Nielsen J, Petranovic D, Siewers V. Expression of antibody fragments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains evolved for enhanced protein secretion. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:134. [PMID: 34261490 PMCID: PMC8278646 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments and fusion proteins derived thereof have revolutionized the practice of medicine. Major challenges faced by the biopharmaceutical industry are however high production costs, long processing times and low productivities associated with their production in mammalian cell lines. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-characterized eukaryotic cell factory possessing the capacity of post-translational modifications, has been industrially exploited as a secretion host for production of a range of products, including pharmaceuticals. However, due to the incompatible surface glycosylation, few antibody molecules have been functionally expressed in S. cerevisiae. Here, three non-glycosylated antibody fragments from human and the Camelidae family were chosen for expression in a S. cerevisiae strain (HA) previously evolved for high α-amylase secretion. These included the Fab fragment Ranibizumab (Ran), the scFv peptide Pexelizumab (Pex), and a nanobody consisting of a single V-type domain (Nan). Both secretion and biological activities of the antibody fragments were confirmed. In addition, the secretion level of each protein was compared in the wild type (LA) and two evolved strains (HA and MA) with different secretory capacities. We found that the secretion of Ran and Nan was positively correlated with the strains' secretory capacity, while Pex was most efficiently secreted in the parental strain. To investigate the mechanisms for different secretion abilities in these selected yeast strains for the different antibody fragments, RNA-seq analysis was performed. The results showed that several bioprocesses were significantly enriched for differentially expressed genes when comparing the enriched terms between HA.Nan vs. LA.Nan and HA.Pex vs. LA.Pex, including amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis, cell cycle and others, which indicates that there are unique physiological needs for each antibody fragment secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Antibody Fragments as Tools for Elucidating Structure-Toxicity Relationships and for Diagnostic/Therapeutic Targeting of Neurotoxic Amyloid Oligomers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238920. [PMID: 33255488 PMCID: PMC7727795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid protein aggregates in tissues is the basis for the onset of diseases known as amyloidoses. Intriguingly, many amyloidoses impact the central nervous system (CNS) and usually are devastating diseases. It is increasingly apparent that neurotoxic soluble oligomers formed by amyloidogenic proteins are the primary molecular drivers of these diseases, making them lucrative diagnostic and therapeutic targets. One promising diagnostic/therapeutic strategy has been the development of antibody fragments against amyloid oligomers. Antibody fragments, such as fragment antigen-binding (Fab), scFv (single chain variable fragments), and VHH (heavy chain variable domain or single-domain antibodies) are an alternative to full-length IgGs as diagnostics and therapeutics for a variety of diseases, mainly because of their increased tissue penetration (lower MW compared to IgG), decreased inflammatory potential (lack of Fc domain), and facile production (low structural complexity). Furthermore, through the use of in vitro-based ligand selection, it has been possible to identify antibody fragments presenting marked conformational selectivity. In this review, we summarize significant reports on antibody fragments selective for oligomers associated with prevalent CNS amyloidoses. We discuss promising results obtained using antibody fragments as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents against these diseases. In addition, the use of antibody fragments, particularly scFv and VHH, in the isolation of unique oligomeric assemblies is discussed as a strategy to unravel conformational moieties responsible for neurotoxicity. We envision that advances in this field may lead to the development of novel oligomer-selective antibody fragments with superior selectivity and, hopefully, good clinical outcomes.
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Gupta V, Sudhakaran IP, Islam Z, Vaikath NN, Hmila I, Lukacsovich T, Kolatkar PR, El-Agnaf OMA. Expression, purification and characterization of α-synuclein fibrillar specific scFv from inclusion bodies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241773. [PMID: 33156828 PMCID: PMC7647061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) has been implicated in multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), collectively grouped as synucleinopathies. Recently, recombinant antibody fragments (Fab, scFvs and diabodies) against α-syn have emerged as an alternative to the traditional full-length antibody in immunotherapeutic approaches owing to their advantages including smaller size and higher stability, specificity and affinity. However, most of the recombinant antibody fragments tend to be expressed as inclusion bodies (IBs) making its purification extremely challenging. In the current study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv-F) antibody, targeting the pathogenic α-syn fibrils, was engineered and expressed in E. coli. Majority of the expressed scFv-F accumulated in insoluble aggregates as IBs. A variety of mild and harsh solubilizing conditions were tested to solubilize IBs containing scFv-F to obtain the active protein. To preserve secondary structure and bioactivity, a mild solubilizing protocol involving 100 mM Tris, pH 12.5 with 2 M urea was chosen to dissolve IBs. Slow on-column refolding method was employed to subsequently remove urea and obtain active scFv-F. A three-dimensional (3D) model was built using homology modeling and subjected to molecular docking with the known α-syn structure. Structural alignment was performed to delineate the potential binding pocket. The scFv-F thus purified demonstrated high specificity towards α-syn fibrils compared to monomers. Molecular modeling studies suggest that scFv-F shares the same structural topology with other known scFvs. We present evidence through structural docking and alignment that scFv-F binds to α-syn C-terminal region. In conclusion, mild solubilization followed by slow on-column refolding can be utilized as a generalized and efficient method for hard to purify disease relevant insoluble proteins and/or antibody molecules from IBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Indulekha P. Sudhakaran
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nishant N. Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Issam Hmila
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Prasanna R. Kolatkar
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M. A. El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
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15
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Odales J, Guzman Valle J, Martínez-Cortés F, Manoutcharian K. Immunogenic properties of immunoglobulin superfamily members within complex biological networks. Cell Immunol 2020; 358:104235. [PMID: 33137645 PMCID: PMC7548077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapies induce CDR-specific T and B cell responses. Idiotype-anti-idiotype network alters immune system memory compartment. Antigenized antibodies are efficient vaccine immunogen.
Antibodies, T cell receptors and major histocompatibility complex molecules are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and have pivotal roles in the immune system. The fine interrelation between them regulates several immune functions. Here, we describe lesser-known functions ascribed to these molecules in generating and maintaining immune response. Particularly, we outline the contribution of antibody- and T cell receptor-derived complementarity-determining region neoantigens, antigenized antibodies, as well as major histocompatibility complex class I molecules-derived epitopes to the induction of protective/therapeutic immune responses against pathogens and cancer. We discuss findings of our own and other studies describing protective mechanisms, based on immunogenic properties of immunoglobulin superfamily members, and evaluate the perspectives of application of this class of immunogens in molecular vaccines design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Odales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesus Guzman Valle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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16
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Chu W, Prodromou R, Day KN, Schneible JD, Bacon KB, Bowen JD, Kilgore RE, Catella CM, Moore BD, Mabe MD, Alashoor K, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Menegatti S. Peptides and pseudopeptide ligands: a powerful toolbox for the affinity purification of current and next-generation biotherapeutics. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461632. [PMID: 33333349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the consolidation of therapeutic proteins in the fight against cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases, recent advancements in biochemistry and biotechnology have introduced a host of next-generation biotherapeutics, such as CRISPR-Cas nucleases, stem and car-T cells, and viral vectors for gene therapy. With these drugs entering the clinical pipeline, a new challenge lies ahead: how to manufacture large quantities of high-purity biotherapeutics that meet the growing demand by clinics and biotech companies worldwide. The protein ligands employed by the industry are inadequate to confront this challenge: while featuring high binding affinity and selectivity, these ligands require laborious engineering and expensive manufacturing, are prone to biochemical degradation, and pose safety concerns related to their bacterial origin. Peptides and pseudopeptides make excellent candidates to form a new cohort of ligands for the purification of next-generation biotherapeutics. Peptide-based ligands feature excellent target biorecognition, low or no toxicity and immunogenicity, and can be manufactured affordably at large scale. This work presents a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on peptide-based ligands and their use in the affinity purification of established and upcoming biological drugs. A comparative analysis is first presented on peptide engineering principles, the development of ligands targeting different biomolecular targets, and the promises and challenges connected to the industrial implementation of peptide ligands. The reviewed literature is organized in (i) conventional (α-)peptides targeting antibodies and other therapeutic proteins, gene therapy products, and therapeutic cells; (ii) cyclic peptides and pseudo-peptides for protein purification and capture of viral and bacterial pathogens; and (iii) the forefront of peptide mimetics, such as β-/γ-peptides, peptoids, foldamers, and stimuli-responsive peptides for advanced processing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kevin N Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kaitlyn B Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Bowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Carly M Catella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Matthew D Mabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kawthar Alashoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Yiman Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xiao
- College of Textile, Donghua University, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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17
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Gupta V, Salim S, Hmila I, Vaikath NN, Sudhakaran IP, Ghanem SS, Majbour NK, Abdulla SA, Emara MM, Abdesselem HB, Lukacsovich T, Erskine D, El-Agnaf OMA. Fibrillar form of α-synuclein-specific scFv antibody inhibits α-synuclein seeds induced aggregation and toxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8137. [PMID: 32424162 PMCID: PMC7235225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized by pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Amongst the various approaches attempting to tackle the pathological features of synucleinopathies, antibody-based immunotherapy holds much promise. However, the large size of antibodies and corresponding difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier has limited development in this area. To overcome this issue, we engineered single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) against fibrillar α-syn, a putative disease-relevant form of α-syn. The purified scFvs showed specific activity towards α-syn fibrils and oligomers in comparison to monomers and recognized intracellular inclusions in human post-mortem brain tissue of Lewy body disease cases, but not aged controls. In vitro studies indicated scFvs inhibit the seeding of α-syn aggregation in a time-dependent manner, decreased α-syn seed-induced toxicity in a cell model of PD, and reduced the production of insoluble α-syn phosphorylated at Ser-129 (pS129-α-syn). These results suggest that our α-syn fibril-specific scFvs recognize α-syn pathology and can inhibit the aggregation of α-syn in vitro and prevent seeding-dependent toxicity. Therefore, the scFvs described here have considerable potential to be utilized towards immunotherapy in synucleinopathies and may also have applications in ante-mortem imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Safa Salim
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Issam Hmila
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Indulekha P Sudhakaran
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Simona S Ghanem
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nour K Majbour
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara A Abdulla
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houari B Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Daniel Erskine
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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18
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Bordoni M, Scarian E, Rey F, Gagliardi S, Carelli S, Pansarasa O, Cereda C. Biomaterials in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093243. [PMID: 32375302 PMCID: PMC7247337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal cord injury) represent a great problem worldwide and are becoming prevalent because of the increasing average age of the population. Despite many studies having focused on their etiopathology, the exact cause of these diseases is still unknown and until now, there are only symptomatic treatments. Biomaterials have become important not only for the study of disease pathogenesis, but also for their application in regenerative medicine. The great advantages provided by biomaterials are their ability to mimic the environment of the extracellular matrix and to allow the growth of different types of cells. Biomaterials can be used as supporting material for cell proliferation to be transplanted and as vectors to deliver many active molecules for the treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we aim to report the potentiality of biomaterials (i.e., hydrogels, nanoparticles, self-assembling peptides, nanofibers and carbon-based nanomaterials) by analyzing their use in the regeneration of neural and glial cells their role in axon outgrowth. Although further studies are needed for their use in humans, the promising results obtained by several groups leads us to suppose that biomaterials represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatments of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bordoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Eveljn Scarian
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Via Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Via Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Via Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Via Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-380-248
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.C.)
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Baboci L, Capolla S, Di Cintio F, Colombo F, Mauro P, Dal Bo M, Argenziano M, Cavalli R, Toffoli G, Macor P. The Dual Role of the Liver in Nanomedicine as an Actor in the Elimination of Nanostructures or a Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:4638192. [PMID: 32184825 PMCID: PMC7060440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4638192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanostructures for therapeutic purpose is rapidly growing, following the results obtained in vivo in animal models and in the clinical trials. Unfortunately, the potential therapeutic efficacy is not completely exploited, yet. This is mainly due to the fast clearance of the nanostructures in the body. Nanoparticles and the liver have a unique interaction because the liver represents one of the major barriers for drug delivery. This interaction becomes even more relevant and complex when the drug delivery strategies employing nanostructures are proposed for the therapy of liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this case, the selective delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles to the tumor microenvironment collides with the tendency of nanostructures to be quickly eliminated by the organ. The design of a new therapeutic approach based on nanoparticles to treat HCC has to particularly take into consideration passive and active mechanisms to avoid or delay liver elimination and to specifically address cancer cells or the cancer microenvironment. This review will analyze the different aspects concerning the dual role of the liver, both as an organ carrying out a clearance activity for the nanostructures and as target for therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Baboci
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Capolla
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cintio
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Prisca Mauro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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20
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Affinity improvement of the fully human anti‑TSLP recombinant antibody. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:759-767. [PMID: 31974622 PMCID: PMC6947841 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a potentially important target for the treatment of asthma and malignancies. However, a fully human antibody reactive with TSLP is currently unavailable for clinical use. In a previous study, a human anti-TSLP-single-chain antibody variable fragment (anti-TSLP-scFv) 84 was selected by phage display from a constructed human scFv library. In the present study, a computer simulation method was developed using Discovery Studio 4.5 software, to increase the affinity of anti-TSLP-scFv-84. Specific primers were designed and mutated DNA sequences of anti-TSLP-scFvs were obtained by overlap extension PCR. The mutant scFvs were expressed in pLZ16 and affinity-enhanced anti-TSLP-scFv-M4 was screened using ELISA. However, in general the scFvs have low stability and short half-lives in vivo. Therefore, scFv-84 and scFv-M4 were inserted into eukaryotic expression vectors (pcDNA3.1-sp-Fc and PMH3EN-sp-Fc) and then transfected into 293F cells to express anti-TSLP-scFv-Fc. ELISA and western blotting results indicated the size of the anti-TSLP-scFv-Fc to be ~50 kDa. Binding of anti-TSLP-scFv-Fc-M4 to TSLP was enhanced compared with the pre-mutated scFv-Fc-84. The affinity of the mutated recombinant antibody was determined using the BIAcore technique and found to be ~10-fold greater than the pre-mutated antibody.
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21
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Fisher DG, Price RJ. Recent Advances in the Use of Focused Ultrasound for Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Therapeutic Nanoparticle Delivery to the Central Nervous System. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1348. [PMID: 31798453 PMCID: PMC6864822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting systemically-administered drugs and genes to specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge. With applications extending into numerous disorders and cancers, there is an obvious need for approaches that facilitate the delivery of therapeutics across the impervious blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging treatment method that leverages acoustic energy to oscillate simultaneously administered contrast agent microbubbles. This FUS-mediated technique temporarily disrupts the BBB, allowing ordinarily impenetrable agents to diffuse and/or convect into the CNS. Under magnetic resonance image guidance, FUS and microbubbles enable regional targeting-limiting the large, and potentially toxic, dosage that is often characteristic of systemically-administered therapies. Subsequent to delivery across the BBB, therapeutics face yet another challenge: penetrating the electrostatically-charged, mesh-like brain parenchyma. Non-bioadhesive, encapsulated nanoparticles can help overcome this additional barrier to promote widespread treatment in selected target areas. Furthermore, nanoparticles offer significant advantages over conventional systemically-administered therapeutics. Surface modifications of nanoparticles can be engineered to enhance targeted cellular uptake, and nanoparticle formulations can be tailored to control many pharmacokinetic properties such as rate of drug liberation, distribution, and excretion. For instance, nanoparticles loaded with gene plasmids foster relatively stable transfection, thus obviating the need for multiple, successive treatments. As the formulations and applications of these nanoparticles can vary greatly, this review article provides an overview of FUS coupled with polymeric or lipid-based nanoparticles currently utilized for drug delivery, diagnosis, and assessment of function in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J. Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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22
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Hong H, Zhou Z, Zhou K, Liu S, Guo Z, Wu Z. Site-specific C-terminal dinitrophenylation to reconstitute the antibody Fc functions for nanobodies. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9331-9338. [PMID: 32110296 PMCID: PMC7006623 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are a class of camelid-derived single-domain antibodies that have many potential advantages over conventional antibodies and have been utilized to develop new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases. However, nanobodies lack the Fc region of a conventional antibody, which possesses many functions, e.g., eliciting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), essential for effective immunotherapy. The small molecular size of nanobodies also leads to poor pharmacokinetics, such as short in vivo half-life. To address these deficiencies, an endogenous antibody-based strategy to reconstitute the Fc functions for nanobodies was developed. As a proof-of-principle, an anti-human EGFR nanobody, 7D12, was selected to conduct C-terminal modification with the dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten through Sortase A-mediated site-specific ligation. It was expected that the DNP motif would recruit endogenous human anti-DNP antibodies to indirectly reinstate the Fc functions. The resultant nanobody-DNP conjugates were shown to exhibit specific and high affinity binding to human EGFR expressed on target cancer cells. It was further proved that in the presence of anti-DNP antibody, these conjugates could mediate potent ADCC and CDC in vitro and exhibit significantly elongated half-life in vivo. Ultimately, it was proven in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice that treatment with the nanobody 7D12-DNP conjugate and anti-DNP mouse serum could inhibit xenograft tumor growth efficiently. In view of the abundance of anti-DNP and other endogenous antibodies in the human blood system, this could be a generally applicable approach employed to reconstitute the Fc functions for nanobodies and develop nanobody-based cancer immunotherapy and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology , Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , 214122 , China .
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology , Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , 214122 , China .
| | - Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology , Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , 214122 , China .
| | - Shaozhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology , Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , 214122 , China .
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , 214 Leigh Hall , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , USA .
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology , Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , 214122 , China .
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De Silvestro G, Marson P, Breda A, De Angelis V. Plasma-derived industry and plasma-derived medicinal products in the Italian National Blood Transfusion Service. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 58:545-549. [PMID: 31431349 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The priority objectives of the Italian Transfusion System are self-sufficiency for blood components and for plasma-derived products. Currently the collection activity guarantees self-sufficiency of blood components, including plasma for clinical use, but not for plasma-derived drugs, ie albumin and immunoglobulins in particular. The National Plasma Program of 2016-2020, issued a Ministerial Decree on December, 2, 2016, aims to achieve this goal, both by increasing the collection of plasma and therefore its transfer to plasma derivation companies, and by increasing the appropriateness of the requests. Currently, the companies Grifols SpA, Kedrion SpA, CSL Behring, and Baxter-Baxalta Srl are present on the Italian market, individually or in business associations, with which the various Italian regions have established an agreement based on the national legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piero Marson
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Breda
- CoordinamentoRegionale Attività Trasfusionali (CRAT), Venetian Region, Italy
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24
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Wentink A, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Bukau B. Modulation of Amyloid States by Molecular Chaperones. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a033969. [PMID: 30755450 PMCID: PMC6601462 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant protein aggregation is a defining feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. During pathological aggregation, key proteins transition from their native state to alternative conformations, which are prone to oligomerize into highly ordered fibrillar states. As part of the cellular quality control machinery, molecular chaperones can intervene at many stages of the aggregation process to inhibit or reverse aberrant protein aggregation or counteract the toxicity associated with amyloid species. Although the action of chaperones is considered cytoprotective, essential housekeeping functions can be hijacked for the propagation and spreading of protein aggregates, suggesting the cellular protein quality control system constitutes a double-edged sword in neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms used by chaperones to influence protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils to understand how the interplay of these activities produces specific cellular outcomes and to define mechanisms that may be targeted by pharmacological agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Esquerda-Canals G, Martí-Clúa J, Villegas S. Pharmacokinetic parameters and mechanism of action of an efficient anti-Aβ single chain antibody fragment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217793. [PMID: 31150495 PMCID: PMC6544282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of the targeting of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers through immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse models has not been translated into the clinics. The use of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) has been proposed to prevent the potential severe effects of full-length mAbs by precluding crystallizable fraction-mediated microglia activation. The efficacy of scFv-h3D6, a bapineuzumab-derived anti-Aβ scFv, has been extensively proven. In this work, we compared scFv-h3D6-EL, an elongated variant of the scFv-h3D6, with its original version to assess whether its characteristic higher thermodynamic stability improved its pharmacokinetic parameters. Although scFv-h3D6-EL had a longer half-life than its original version, its absorption from the peritoneal cavity into the systemic compartment was lower than that of the original version. Moreover, we attempted to determine the mechanism underlying the protective effect of scFv-h3D6. We found that scFv-h3D6 showed compartmental distribution and more interestingly crossed the blood–brain barrier. In the brain, scFv-h3D6 was engulfed by glial cells or internalized by Aβ peptide-containing neurons in the early phase post-injection, and was colocalized with the Aβ peptide almost exclusively in glial cells in the late phase post-injection. Aβ peptide levels in the brain decreased simultaneously with an increase in scFv-h3D6 levels. This observation in addition to the increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the late phase post-injection suggested that the engulfment of Aβ peptide/scFv-h3D6 complex extruded from large neurons by phagocytic cells was the mechanism underlying Aβ peptide withdrawal. The mechanism of action of scFv-h3D6 demonstrates the effectivity of Aβ-immunotherapy and lays the background for other studies focused on the finding of a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Esquerda-Canals
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Unitat de Citologia i d’Histologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joaquim Martí-Clúa
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Unitat de Citologia i d’Histologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sandra Villegas
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- * E-mail:
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26
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Wang Z, Gao G, Duan C, Yang H. Progress of immunotherapy of anti-α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108843. [PMID: 31055236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of neurons and abnormal protein accumulation, including amyloid (A)β and tau in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy bodies and α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence suggests that adaptive immunity plays an important role in PD, and that anti-α-syn antibodies can be used as therapy in neurodegenerative diseases; monoclonal antibodies were shown to inhibit α-syn propagation and aggregation in PD models and patients. In this review, we summarize the different pathological states of α-syn, including gene mutations, truncation, phosphorylation, and the high molecular weight form, and describe the specific antibodies that recognize the α-syn monomer or oligomer, some of which have been tested in clinic trials. We also discuss future research directions and potential targets in PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory for Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory for Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chunli Duan
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory for Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory for Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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27
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Ittner LM, Klugmann M, Ke YD. Adeno-associated virus-based Alzheimer's disease mouse models and potential new therapeutic avenues. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3649-3665. [PMID: 30817847 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that presents with cognitive decline. The current understanding of underlying disease mechanisms remains incomplete. Genetically modified mouse models have been instrumental in deciphering pathomechanisms in AD. While these models were typically generated by classical transgenesis and genome editing, the use of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to model and investigate AD in mice, as well as to develop novel gene-therapy approaches, is emerging. Here, we reviewed literature that used AAVs to study and model AD and discuss potential gene therapy strategies. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthias Klugmann
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yazi D Ke
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Pozzi S, Thammisetty SS, Codron P, Rahimian R, Plourde KV, Soucy G, Bareil C, Phaneuf D, Kriz J, Gravel C, Julien JP. Virus-mediated delivery of antibody targeting TAR DNA-binding protein-43 mitigates associated neuropathology. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1581-1595. [PMID: 30667370 DOI: 10.1172/jci123931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a hallmark of degenerating neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and subsets of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In order to reduce TDP-43 pathology, we generated single-chain (scFv) antibodies against the RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) of TDP-43, which is involved in abnormal protein self-aggregation and interaction with p65 NF-κB. Virus-mediated delivery into the nervous system of a scFv antibody, named VH7Vk9, reduced microgliosis in a mouse model of acute neuroinflammation and mitigated cognitive impairment, motor defects, TDP-43 proteinopathy, and neuroinflammation in transgenic mice expressing ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations. These results suggest that antibodies targeting the RRM1 domain of TDP-43 might provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pozzi
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Philippe Codron
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,MITOVASC Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Gravel
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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29
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Oliveri V. Toward the discovery and development of effective modulators of α-synuclein amyloid aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:10-36. [PMID: 30743095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A host of human diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies, are suspected to be directly linked to protein aggregation. Amyloid protein aggregates and oligomeric intermediates of α-synuclein are observed in synucleinopathies and considered to be mediators of cellular toxicity. Hence, α-synuclein has seen as one of the leading and most compelling targets and is receiving a great deal of attention from researchers. Nevertheless, there is no neuroprotective approach directed toward Parkinson's disease or other synucleinopathies so far. In this review, we summarize the available data concerning inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation and their advancing towards clinical use. The compounds are grouped according to their chemical structures, providing respective insights into their mechanism of action, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Overall, shared structure-activity elements are emerging, as well as specific binding modes related to the ability of the modulators to establish hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds interactions with the protein. Some molecules with encouraging in vivo data support the possibility of translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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30
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Wells C, Brennan SE, Keon M, Saksena NK. Prionoid Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:271. [PMID: 31780895 PMCID: PMC6861308 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that prionoid protein behaviors are a core element of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that afflict humans. Common elements in pathogenesis, pathological effects and protein-level behaviors exist between Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These extend beyond the affected neurons to glial cells and processes. This results in a complicated system of disease progression, which often takes advantage of protective processes to promote the propagation of pathological protein aggregates. This review article provides a current snapshot of knowledge on these proteins and their intrinsic role in the pathogenesis and disease progression seen across NDs.
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31
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Li Y, Zhou C, Li J, Liu J, Lin L, Li L, Cao D, Li Q, Wang Z. Single domain based bispecific antibody, Muc1-Bi-1, and its humanized form, Muc1-Bi-2, induce potent cancer cell killing in muc1 positive tumor cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191024. [PMID: 29357376 PMCID: PMC5777659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muc1 is one of the most studied tumor antigens. However, antibodies or antibody-toxin conjugates against Muc1 have not shown significant efficacy for tumors with Muc1 overexpression. In this study, we employed bispecific antibody approach to target Muc1 positive tumor cells. A novel bispecific antibody, Muc1-Bi-1, was constructed by linking single domain antibodies, anti-Muc1-VHH and anti-CD16-VHH. Muc1-Bi-2, the humanized form of Muc1-Bi-1, was also constructed by grafting. Both Muc1-Bi bispecific antibodies can be efficiently expressed and purified from bacteria. In vitro, the Muc1-Bi bispecific antibodies can recruit Natural Killer (NK) cells to drive potent and specific cell killing of Muc1-overexpressing tumor cells. In xenograft model, the Muc1-Bi bispecific antibodies can suppress tumor growth in the presence of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These data suggested that the single domain based Muc1-Bi may provide a valid strategy for targeting tumors with Muc1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (ZW)
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (ZW)
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32
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Montoliu-Gaya L, Murciano-Calles J, Martinez JC, Villegas S. Towards the improvement in stability of an anti-Aβ single-chain variable fragment, scFv-h3D6, as a way to enhance its therapeutic potential. Amyloid 2017; 24:167-175. [PMID: 28699800 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2017.1348347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ScFv-h3D6 is a single-chain variable fragment derived from the monoclonal antibody bapineuzumab that prevents Aβ-induced cytotoxicity by capturing Aβ oligomers. The benefits of scFv-h3D6 treatment in Alzheimer's disease are known at the behavioural, cellular and molecular levels in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. Antibody-based therapeutics are only stable in a limited temperature range, so their benefit in vivo depends on their capability for maintaining the proper fold. Here, we have stabilized the scFv-h3D6 folding by introducing the mutation VH-K64R and combining it with the previously described elongation of the VL domain (C3). The stabilities of the different scFv-h3D6 constructs were calculated from urea and thermal denaturation followed by Trp-fluorescence, CD and DSC and resulted in the order C3 > K64R/C3 > VH-K64R ≥ scFv-h3D6; showing that the combination of both mutations was not additive, instead they partially cancelled each other. The three mutants assayed showed a decreased aggregation tendency but maintained their capability to aggregate in the form of worm-like fibrils, basis of the protective effect of scFv-h3D6. Cytotoxicity assays showed that all the mutants recovered cell viability of Aβ-treated neuroblastoma cell cultures in a dose-dependent manner and with efficiencies that correlated with stability, therefore improving the therapeutic ability of this antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- a Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular , Unitat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Javier Murciano-Calles
- b Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose C Martinez
- b Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva , Granada , Spain
| | - Sandra Villegas
- a Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular , Unitat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Spain
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33
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Abstract
This article summarizes (1) the recent achievements to further improve symptomatic therapy of motor Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms, (2) the still-few attempts to systematically search for symptomatic therapy of non-motor symptoms in PD, and (3) the advances in the development and clinical testing of compounds which promise to offer disease modification in already-manifest PD. However, prevention (that is, slowing or stopping PD in a prodromal stage) is still a dream and one reason for this is that we have no consensus on primary endpoints for clinical trials which reflect the progression in prodromal stages of PD, such as in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) —a methodological challenge to be met in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Munich, Germany
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