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Parsegian A, García-Fuster MJ, Hebda-Bauer E, Watson SJ, Flagel SB, Akil H. Adolescent cocaine differentially impacts psychomotor sensitization and epigenetic profiles in adult male rats with divergent affective phenotypes. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1024617. [PMID: 36311521 PMCID: PMC9599748 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1024617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent drug use reliably predicts increased addiction liability in adulthood, but not all individuals are equally impacted. To explore the biological bases of this differential reactivity to early life drug experience, we used a genetic rat model of temperament and evaluated the impact of adolescent cocaine exposure on adult psychomotor sensitization. Relative to adult bred low-responder (bLR) rats, bred high-responders (bHR) are more sensitive to the psychomotor-activating effects of cocaine and reinstate drug-seeking behavior more readily following prolonged cocaine exposure and/or abstinence. We found that a 7-day sensitizing cocaine regimen (15 mg/kg/day) during either adolescence or adulthood produced psychomotor sensitization in bHRs only, while a dual cocaine exposure prevented further sensitization, suggesting limits on neuroplasticity. By contrast, adolescent cocaine in bLRs shifted their resilient phenotype, rendering them more responsive to cocaine in adulthood following adolescent cocaine. To begin to explore the neural correlates of these behavioral phenotypes, we assessed two functionally opposite epigenetic chromatin modifications implicated in addiction liability, permissive acetylation (ac) and repressive tri-methylation (me3) on Histone 3 Lysine 9 (H3K9), in four striatal sub-regions. In bHRs, decreased H3K9me3 and increased acH3K9 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core associated with cocaine sensitization. In bLRs, the combination of cocaine exposure in adolescence and adulthood, which lead to an increased response to a cocaine challenge, also increased acH3K9 in the core. Thus, adolescent cocaine experience interacts with genetic background to elicit different behavioral profiles relevant to addiction in adulthood, with concurrent modifications in the epigenetic histone profiles in the NAc that associate with cocaine sensitization and with metaplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Parsegian
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - M Julia García-Fuster
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Elaine Hebda-Bauer
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shelly B Flagel
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Russell JT, Zhou Y, Weinstock GM, Bubier JA. The Gut Microbiome and Substance Use Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:725500. [PMID: 34531718 PMCID: PMC8439419 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.725500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a significant public health challenge, affecting tens of millions of individuals worldwide each year. Often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, SUD can be poly-drug and involve several different substances including cocaine, opiates, nicotine, and alcohol. SUD has a strong genetic component. Much of SUD research has focused on the neurologic and genetic facets of consumption behavior. There is now interest in the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of SUD. In this review, we summarize current animal and clinical evidence that the gut microbiome is involved in SUD, then address the underlying mechanisms by which the gut microbiome interacts with SUD through metabolomic, immune, neurological, and epigenetic mechanisms. Lastly, we discuss methods using various inbred and outbred mice models to gain an integrative understanding of the microbiome and host genetic controls in SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Russell
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
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Whole-Exome Sequencing Identified a Novel Compound Heterozygous Genotype in ASL in a Chinese Han Patient with Argininosuccinate Lyase Deficiency. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3530198. [PMID: 31183366 PMCID: PMC6515145 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3530198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) gene have been shown to cause argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD); therefore, sequencing analysis offers advantages for prenatal testing and counseling in families afflicted with this condition. Here, we performed a genetic analysis of an ASLD patient and his family with an aim to offer available information for clinical diagnosis. The research subjects were a 23-month-old patient with a high plasma level of citrulline and his unaffected parents. Whole-exome sequencing identified potential related ASL gene mutations in this trio. Enzymatic activity was detected spectrophotometrically by a coupled assay using arginase and measuring urea production. We identified a novel nonsynonymous mutation (c.206A>G, p.Lys69Arg) and a stop mutation (c.637C>T, p.Arg213∗) in ASL in a Chinese Han patient with ASLD. The enzymatic activity of a p.Lys69Arg ASL construct in human embryonic kidney 293T cells was significantly reduced compared to that of the wild-type construct, and no significant activity was observed for the p.Arg213∗ construct. Compound heterozygous p.Lys69Arg and p.Arg213∗ mutations that resulted in reduced ASL enzyme activity were found in a patient with ASLD. This finding expands the clinical spectrum of ASL pathogenic variants.
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Anderson EM, Penrod RD, Barry SM, Hughes BW, Taniguchi M, Cowan CW. It is a complex issue: emerging connections between epigenetic regulators in drug addiction. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2477-2491. [PMID: 30251397 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug use leads to addiction in some individuals, but the underlying brain mechanisms that control the transition from casual drug use to an intractable substance use disorder (SUD) are not well understood. Gene x environment interactions such as the frequency of drug use and the type of substance used likely to promote maladaptive plastic changes in brain regions that are critical for controlling addiction-related behavior. Epigenetics encompasses a broad spectrum of mechanisms important for regulating gene transcription that are not dependent on changes in DNA base pair sequences. This review focuses on the proteins and complexes contributing to epigenetic modifications in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following drug experience. We discuss in detail the three major mechanisms: histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone methylation, and DNA methylation. We discuss how drug use alters the regulation of the associated proteins regulating these processes and highlight how experimental manipulations of these proteins in the NAc can alter drug-related behaviors. Finally, we discuss the ways that histone modifications and DNA methylation coordinate actions by recruiting large epigenetic enzyme complexes to aid in transcriptional repression. Targeting these multiprotein epigenetic enzyme complexes - and the individual proteins that comprise them - might lead to effective therapeutics to reverse or treat SUDs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Anderson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Rachel D Penrod
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Sarah M Barry
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Brandon W Hughes
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Christopher W Cowan
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
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Griffin EA, Melas PA, Zhou R, Li Y, Mercado P, Kempadoo KA, Stephenson S, Colnaghi L, Taylor K, Hu MC, Kandel ER, Kandel DB. Prior alcohol use enhances vulnerability to compulsive cocaine self-administration by promoting degradation of HDAC4 and HDAC5. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701682. [PMID: 29109977 PMCID: PMC5665598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Addiction to cocaine is commonly preceded by experiences with legal or decriminalized drugs, such as alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana. The biological mechanisms by which these gateway drugs contribute to cocaine addiction are only beginning to be understood. We report that in the rat, prior alcohol consumption results in enhanced addiction-like behavior to cocaine, including continued cocaine use despite aversive consequences. Conversely, prior cocaine use has no effect on alcohol preference. Long-term, but not short-term, alcohol consumption promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of the nuclear histone deacetylases HDAC4 and HDAC5 in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region critical for reward-based memory. Decreased nuclear HDAC activity results in global H3 acetylation, creating a permissive environment for cocaine-induced gene expression. We also find that selective degradation of HDAC4 and HDAC5, facilitated by the class II-specific HDAC inhibitor MC1568, enhances compulsive cocaine self-administration. These results parallel our previously reported findings that the gateway drug nicotine enhances the behavioral effects of cocaine via HDAC inhibition. Together, our findings suggest a shared mechanism of action for the gateway drugs alcohol and nicotine, and reveal a novel mechanism by which environmental factors may alter the epigenetic landscape of the reward system to increase vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund A. Griffin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Philippe A. Melas
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Royce Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Peter Mercado
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | | | - Stacy Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Luca Colnaghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kathleen Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Mei-Chen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Eric R. Kandel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Denise B. Kandel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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