1
|
Fernández-Arroyo B, Jurado S, Lerma J. Understanding OLM interneurons: Characterization, circuitry, and significance in memory and navigation. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00366-X. [PMID: 39097181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying memory formation and retention relies on unraveling how the hippocampus, a structure fundamental for memory acquisition, is organized. Within the complex hippocampal network, interneurons play a crucial role in orchestrating memory processes. Among these interneurons, Oriens-Lacunosum Moleculare (OLM) cells emerge as key regulators, governing the flow of information to CA1 pyramidal cells. In this review, we explore OLM interneurons in detail, describing their mechanisms and effects on memory processing, particularly in spatial and contextual memory tasks. Our aim is to provide a detailed understanding of how OLM interneurons contribute to the dynamic landscape of memory formation and retrieval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Jurado
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Lerma
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaki-Dizaji M, Abazari MF, Razzaghi H, Shkolnikov I, Christie BR. GRM7 deficiency, from excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration: Systematic review of GRM7 deficient patients. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 39:100808. [PMID: 38983774 PMCID: PMC11231722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) is a presynaptic G-protein-coupled glutamate receptor that modulates neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity at presynaptic terminals. It is encoded by GRM7, and recently variants have been identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), and brain malformations. To gain updated insights into the function of GRM7 and the phenotypic spectrum of genetic variations within this gene, we conducted a systematic review of relevant literature utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Among the 14 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, a total of 42 patients (from 28 families) harboring confirmed mutations in the GRM7 gene have been documented. Specifically, there were 17 patients with heterozygous mutations, 20 patients with homozygous mutations, and 5 patients with compound heterozygous mutations. Common clinical features included intellectual behavioral disability, seizure/epilepsy, microcephaly, developmental delay, peripheral hypertonia and hypomyelination. Genotype-phenotype correlation was not clear and each variant had unique characteristics including gene dosage, mutant protein surface expression, and degradation pathway that result with a spectrum of phenotype manifestations through ASD or ADHD to severe DD/ID with brain malformations. Neuroinflammation may play a role in the development and/or progression of GRM7-related neurodegeneration along with excitotoxicity. The clinical and functional data presented here demonstrate that both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance of GRM7 mutation can cause disease spectrum phenotypes through ASD or ADHD to severe DD/ID and seizure with brain malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hossein Razzaghi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Irene Shkolnikov
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernández R, Ramírez K, Lorente-Bermúdez R, Gómez-Gil E, Mora M, Guillamon A, Pásaro E. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the metabotropic glutamate receptors in a transgender population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1382861. [PMID: 38919484 PMCID: PMC11196815 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1382861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gender incongruence (GI) is characterized by a marked incongruence between an individual's experienced/expressed gender and the assigned sex at birth. It includes strong displeasure about his or her sexual anatomy and secondary sex characteristics. In some people, this condition produces a strong distress with anxiety and depression named gender dysphoria (GD). This condition appears to be associated with genetic, epigenetics, hormonal as well as social factors. Given that L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, also associated with male sexual behavior as well as depression, we aimed to determine whether metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved in GD. Methods We analyzed 74 single nucleotide polymorphisms located at the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1, mGluR3, mGluR4, mGluR5, mGluR7 and mGluR8) in 94 transgender versus 94 cisgender people. The allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed by c2 test contrasting male and female cisgender and transgender populations. The strength of the associations was measured by binary logistic regression, estimating the odds ratio (OR) for each genotype. Measurement of linkage disequilibrium, and subsequent measurement of haplotype frequencies were also performed considering three levels of significance: P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.005 and P ≤ 0.0005. Furthermore, false positives were controlled with the Bonferroni correction (P ≤ 0.05/74 = 0.00067). Results After analysis of allele and genotypic frequencies, we found twenty-five polymorphisms with significant differences at level P ≤ 0.05, five at P ≤ 0.005 and two at P ≤ 0.0005. Furthermore, the only two polymorphisms (rs9838094 and rs1818033) that passed the Bonferroni correction were both related to the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) and showed significant differences for multiple patterns of inheritance. Moreover, the haplotype T/G [OR=0.34 (0.19-0.62); P<0.0004] had a lower representation in the transgender population than in the cisgender population, with no evidence of sex cross-interaction. Conclusion We provide genetic evidence that the mGluR7, and therefore glutamatergic neurotransmission, may be involved in GI and GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fernández
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology Institute, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Diagnóstico Conductual y Molecular Aplicado a la Salud (DICOMOSA) Group, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Karla Ramírez
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology Institute, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Diagnóstico Conductual y Molecular Aplicado a la Salud (DICOMOSA) Group, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Roberto Lorente-Bermúdez
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology Institute, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Diagnóstico Conductual y Molecular Aplicado a la Salud (DICOMOSA) Group, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Esther Gómez-Gil
- Gender Identity Unit, Psychiatry Service, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mora
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Guillamon
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology Institute, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Diagnóstico Conductual y Molecular Aplicado a la Salud (DICOMOSA) Group, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar V, Lee KY, Acharya A, Babik MS, Christian-Hinman CA, Rhodes JS, Tsai NP. mGluR7 allosteric modulator AMN082 corrects protein synthesis and pathological phenotypes in FXS. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:506-522. [PMID: 38374465 PMCID: PMC10940663 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of inherited autism and intellectual disabilities. Aberrant protein synthesis due to the loss of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP) is the major defect in FXS, leading to a plethora of cellular and behavioral abnormalities. However, no treatments are available to date. In this study, we found that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) using a positive allosteric modulator named AMN082 represses protein synthesis through ERK1/2 and eIF4E signaling in an FMRP-independent manner. We further demonstrated that treatment of AMN082 leads to a reduction in neuronal excitability, which in turn ameliorates audiogenic seizure susceptibility in Fmr1 KO mice, the FXS mouse model. When evaluating the animals' behavior, we showed that treatment of AMN082 reduces repetitive behavior and improves learning and memory in Fmr1 KO mice. This study uncovers novel functions of mGluR7 and AMN082 and suggests the activation of mGluR7 as a potential therapeutic approach for treating FXS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kwan Young Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Anirudh Acharya
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Matthew S Babik
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Catherine A Christian-Hinman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Nien-Pei Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rabeh N, Hajjar B, Maraka JO, Sammanasunathan AF, Khan M, Alkhaaldi SMI, Mansour S, Almheiri RT, Hamdan H, Abd-Elrahman KS. Targeting mGluR group III for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115733. [PMID: 37862967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, is essential for neuronal function, and it acts on ionotropic or metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A disturbance in glutamatergic signaling is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. Developing disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative diseases targeting glutamate receptors is a promising avenue. The understudied group III mGluR 4, 6-8 are commonly found in the presynaptic membrane, and their activation inhibits glutamate release. Thus, targeted mGluRs therapies could aid in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes group III mGluRs and their pharmacological ligands in the context of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Attempts to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in clinical trials are also discussed. Despite a growing list of group III mGluR-specific pharmacological ligands, research on the use of these drugs in neurodegenerative diseases is limited, except for Parkinson's disease. Future efforts should focus on delineating the contribution of group III mGluR to neurodegeneration and developing novel ligands with superior efficacy and a favorable side effect profile for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rabeh
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Baraa Hajjar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jude O Maraka
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwin F Sammanasunathan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Khan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif M I Alkhaaldi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samy Mansour
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rashed T Almheiri
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Freitas GA, Niswender CM. GRM7 gene mutations and consequences for neurodevelopment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 225:173546. [PMID: 37003303 PMCID: PMC10192299 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7), encoded by the GRM7 gene in humans, is a presynaptic, G protein-coupled glutamate receptor that is essential for modulating neurotransmission. Mutations in or reduced expression of GRM7 have been identified in different genetic neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), and rare biallelic missense variants have been proposed to underlie a subset of NDDs. Clinical GRM7 variants have been associated with a range of symptoms consistent with neurodevelopmental molecular features, including hypomyelination, brain atrophy and defects in axon outgrowth. Here, we review the newest findings regarding the cellular and molecular defects caused by GRM7 variants in NDD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geanne A Freitas
- Department of Pharmacology and Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology and Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dickson L, Teall M, Chevalier E, Cheung T, Liwicki GM, Mack S, Stephenson A, White K, Fosbeary R, Harrison DC, Brice NL, Doyle K, Ciccocioppo R, Wu C, Almond S, Patel TR, Mitchell P, Barnes M, Ayscough AP, Dawson LA, Carlton M, Bürli RW. Discovery of CVN636: A Highly Potent, Selective, and CNS Penetrant mGluR 7 Allosteric Agonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:442-449. [PMID: 37077399 PMCID: PMC10107911 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The low affinity metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 has been implicated in numerous CNS disorders; however, a paucity of potent and selective activators has hampered full delineation of the functional role and therapeutic potential of this receptor. In this work, we present the identification, optimization, and characterization of highly potent, novel mGluR7 agonists. Of particular interest is the chromane CVN636, a potent (EC50 7 nM) allosteric agonist which demonstrates exquisite selectivity for mGluR7 compared to not only other mGluRs, but also a broad range of targets. CVN636 demonstrated CNS penetrance and efficacy in an in vivo rodent model of alcohol use disorder. CVN636 thus has potential to progress as a drug candidate in CNS disorders involving mGluR7 and glutamatergic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Dickson
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Martin Teall
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Elodie Chevalier
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Toni Cheung
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Gemma M. Liwicki
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Stephen Mack
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Anne Stephenson
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Kathryn White
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Richard Fosbeary
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - David C. Harrison
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Brice
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Kevin Doyle
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Chaobo Wu
- WuXi Apptec Limited, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Sarah Almond
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Toshal R. Patel
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Philip Mitchell
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Matt Barnes
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Ayscough
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Lee A. Dawson
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Mark Carlton
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Roland W. Bürli
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mazzitelli M, Presto P, Antenucci N, Meltan S, Neugebauer V. Recent Advances in the Modulation of Pain by the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Cells 2022; 11:2608. [PMID: 36010684 PMCID: PMC9406805 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR or mGlu) are G-protein coupled receptors activated by the binding of glutamate, the main classical neurotransmitter of the nervous system. Eight different mGluR subtypes (mGluR1-8) have been cloned and are classified in three groups based on their molecular, pharmacological and signaling properties. mGluRs mediate several physiological functions such as neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, but they have also been implicated in numerous pathological conditions including pain. The availability of new and more selective allosteric modulators together with the canonical orthosteric ligands and transgenic technologies has led to significant advances in our knowledge about the role of the specific mGluR subtypes in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases. Although development of successful compounds acting on mGluRs for clinical use has been scarce, the subtype-specific-pharmacological manipulation might be a compelling approach for the treatment of several disorders in humans, including pain; this review aims to summarize and update on preclinical evidence for the roles of different mGluRs in the pain system and discusses knowledge gaps regarding mGluR-related sex differences and neuroimmune signaling in pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Mazzitelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Peyton Presto
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Nico Antenucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Shakira Meltan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeoung SW, Park HS, Ryoo ZY, Cho DH, Lee HS, Ryu HY. SUMOylation and Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148023. [PMID: 35887370 PMCID: PMC9316168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein in 1995, SUMOylation has been considered a crucial post-translational modification in diverse cellular functions. In neurons, SUMOylation has various roles ranging from managing synaptic transmitter release to maintaining mitochondrial integrity and determining neuronal health. It has been discovered that neuronal dysfunction is a key factor in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched with keywords such as ‘SUMO’, ‘neuronal plasticity’, and ‘depression’ to obtain relevant scientific literature. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies demonstrating the role of SUMOylation in maintaining neuronal function in participants suffering from MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Won Jeoung
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-W.J.); (Z.Y.R.); (D.-H.C.); (H.-S.L.)
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 50834, Korea;
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-W.J.); (Z.Y.R.); (D.-H.C.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-W.J.); (Z.Y.R.); (D.-H.C.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-W.J.); (Z.Y.R.); (D.-H.C.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-W.J.); (Z.Y.R.); (D.-H.C.); (H.-S.L.)
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-6352
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jdila MB, Mignon-Ravix C, Ncir SB, Kammoun F, Fakhfakh F, Villard L, Triki C. A large consanguineous family with a homozygous Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 7 (mGlu7) variant and developmental epileptic encephalopathy: Effect on protein structure and ligand affinity. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:317. [PMID: 34273994 PMCID: PMC8286605 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are chronic neurological conditions where epileptic activity contributes to the progressive disruption of brain function, frequently leading to impaired motor, cognitive and sensory development. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study reports a clinical investigation and a molecular analysis by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of a large consanguineous family comprising several cases of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Bioinformatic prediction and molecular docking analysis were also carried out. RESULTS The majority of patients in our studied family had severe developmental impairments, early-onset seizures, brain malformations such as cortical atrophy and microcephaly, developmental delays and intellectual disabilities. The molecular investigations revealed a novel homozygous variant c.1411G>A (p.Gly471Arg) in the GRM7 gene which was segregating with the disease in the family. Bioinformatic tools predicted its pathogenicity and docking analysis revealed its potential effects on mGlu7 protein binding to its ligand. CONCLUSION Our results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of GRM7 variants for the newly described associated phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ben Jdila
- Research Laboratory 'NeuroPédiatrie' (LR19ES15), Sfax Medical School, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia. .,Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Genetics, Faculty of Science of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | | | - Sihem Ben Ncir
- Research Laboratory 'NeuroPédiatrie' (LR19ES15), Sfax Medical School, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Child Neurology Department, Hedi Chaker Universitary Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kammoun
- Research Laboratory 'NeuroPédiatrie' (LR19ES15), Sfax Medical School, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Child Neurology Department, Hedi Chaker Universitary Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Genetics, Faculty of Science of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Laurent Villard
- Inserm, MMG, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Chahnez Triki
- Research Laboratory 'NeuroPédiatrie' (LR19ES15), Sfax Medical School, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Child Neurology Department, Hedi Chaker Universitary Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kryszkowski W, Boczek T. The G Protein-Coupled Glutamate Receptors as Novel Molecular Targets in Schizophrenia Treatment-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071475. [PMID: 33918323 PMCID: PMC8038150 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disease with an unknown etiology. The research into the neurobiology of this disease led to several models aimed at explaining the link between perturbations in brain function and the manifestation of psychotic symptoms. The glutamatergic hypothesis postulates that disrupted glutamate neurotransmission may mediate cognitive and psychosocial impairments by affecting the connections between the cortex and the thalamus. In this regard, the greatest attention has been given to ionotropic NMDA receptor hypofunction. However, converging data indicates metabotropic glutamate receptors as crucial for cognitive and psychomotor function. The distribution of these receptors in the brain regions related to schizophrenia and their regulatory role in glutamate release make them promising molecular targets for novel antipsychotics. This article reviews the progress in the research on the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in schizophrenia etiopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Kryszkowski
- General Psychiatric Ward, Babinski Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 91229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pathogenic GRM7 Mutations Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Impair Axon Outgrowth and Presynaptic Terminal Development. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2344-2359. [PMID: 33500274 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2108-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) is an inhibitory heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptor that modulates neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity at presynaptic terminals in the mammalian central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that rare mutations in glutamate receptors and synaptic scaffold proteins are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the role of presynaptic mGlu7 in the pathogenesis of NDDs remains largely unknown. Recent whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies in families with NDDs have revealed that several missense mutations (c.1865G>A:p.R622Q; c.461T>C:p.I154T; c.1972C>T:p.R658W and c.2024C>A:p.T675K) or a nonsense mutation (c.1757G>A:p.W586X) in the GRM7 gene may be linked to NDDs. In the present study, we investigated the mechanistic links between GRM7 point mutations and NDD pathology. We find that the pathogenic GRM7 I154T and R658W/T675K mutations lead to the degradation of the mGlu7 protein. In particular, the GRM7 R658W/T675K mutation results in a lack of surface mGlu7 expression in heterologous cells and cultured neurons isolated from male and female rat embryos. We demonstrate that the expression of mGlu7 variants or exposure to mGlu7 antagonists impairs axon outgrowth through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway during early neuronal development, which subsequently leads to a decrease in the number of presynaptic terminals in mature neurons. Treatment with an mGlu7 agonist restores the pathologic phenotypes caused by mGlu7 I154T but not by mGlu7 R658W/T675K because of its lack of neuronal surface expression. These findings provide evidence that stable neuronal surface expression of mGlu7 is essential for neural development and that mGlu7 is a promising therapeutic target for NDDs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) affect brain development and function by multiple etiologies. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) is a receptor that controls excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Since accumulating evidence indicates that the GRM7 gene locus is associated with NDD risk, we analyzed the functional effects of human GRM7 variants identified in patients with NDDs. We demonstrate that stable neuronal surface expression of mGlu7 is essential for axon outgrowth and presynaptic terminal development in neurons. We found that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and subsequent cytoskeletal dynamics are defective because of the degradation of mGlu7 variants. Finally, we show that the defects caused by mGlu7 I154T can be reversed by agonists, providing the rationale for proposing mGlu7 as a potential therapeutic target for NDDs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Stachowicz K, Sowa-Kućma M, Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Misztak P, Marciniak M, Bobula B, Tokarski K. Behavioral consequences of co-administration of MTEP and the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 in mice. Part 2. Neurosci Lett 2021; 741:135435. [PMID: 33171212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier study demonstrated, that antidepressant-like and also cognitive action of MTEP, a metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonist, was influenced by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition in mice. We detected a decrease in the mGluR7 protein level in the hippocampus (HC) of mice co-treated chronically with MTEP and NS398 (a COX-2 inhibitor). We found both antidepressant-like effects and cognitive to be associated with mGlu7 receptor-mediated mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Institute of Medical Science, 35-310, Rzeszow, Kopisto Street 2a, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland; Department of Human Physiology, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Institute of Medical Science, 35-310, Rzeszow, Kopisto Street 2a, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Marciniak
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bobula
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 blocks paclitaxel-induced acute neuropathic pain and suppresses spinal glial reactivity in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:107-119. [PMID: 33089875 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Paclitaxel-induced acute pain syndrome (P-APS), characterized by deep muscle aches and arthralgia, occurs in more than 70% of patients who receive paclitaxel. P-APS can be debilitating for patients and lead to reductions and discontinuation of potentially curable therapy. Despite being relatively common in clinical practice, no clear treatment exists for P-APS and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Regulation of glutamatergic transmission by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) has received growing attention with respect to its role in neuropathic pain. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted on alterations and functions of group III mGluR7 signaling in P-APS. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we determined whether a single administration of paclitaxel induces glutamatergic alterations and whether mGluR7 activation blocks paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by suppressing glial reactivity in the spinal cord. RESULTS A single paclitaxel injection dose-dependently induced acute mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and was associated with increased glutamate level accompanied by reduction in mGluR7 expression in the spinal cord. Selective activation of mGluR7 by its positive allosteric modulator, AMN082, blocked the development of paclitaxel-induced acute mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, without affecting the normal pain behavior of control rats. Moreover, activation of mGluR7 by AMN082 inhibited glial reactivity and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release during P-APS. Abortion of spinal glial reaction to paclitaxel alleviated paclitaxel-induced acute mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS There results support the hypothesis that spinal mGluR7 signaling plays an important role in P-APS; Selective activation of mGluR7 by its positive allosteric modulator, AMN082, blocks P-APS in part by reducing spinal glial reactivity and neuroinflammatory process.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gregory KJ, Goudet C. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXI. Pharmacology, Signaling, and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:521-569. [PMID: 33361406 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors respond to glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, mediating a modulatory role that is critical for higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory. Since the first mGlu receptor was cloned in 1992, eight subtypes have been identified along with many isoforms and splice variants. The mGlu receptors are transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the class C G protein-coupled receptor family and represent attractive targets for a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Concerted drug discovery efforts over the past three decades have yielded a wealth of pharmacological tools including subtype-selective agents that competitively block or mimic the actions of glutamate or act allosterically via distinct sites to enhance or inhibit receptor activity. Herein, we review the physiologic and pathophysiological roles for individual mGlu receptor subtypes including the pleiotropic nature of intracellular signal transduction arising from each. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of prototypical and commercially available orthosteric agonists and antagonists as well as allosteric modulators, including ligands that have entered clinical trials. Finally, we highlight emerging areas of research that hold promise to facilitate rational design of highly selective mGlu receptor-targeting therapeutics in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Over the past three decades, intense discovery efforts have yielded diverse pharmacological tools acting either competitively or allosterically, which have enabled dissection of fundamental biological process modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors and established proof of concept for many therapeutic indications. We review metabotropic glutamate receptor molecular pharmacology and highlight emerging areas that are offering new avenues to selectively modulate neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hariharan A, Weir N, Robertson C, He L, Betsholtz C, Longden TA. The Ion Channel and GPCR Toolkit of Brain Capillary Pericytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:601324. [PMID: 33390906 PMCID: PMC7775489 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.601324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain pericytes reside on the abluminal surface of capillaries, and their processes cover ~90% of the length of the capillary bed. These cells were first described almost 150 years ago (Eberth, 1871; Rouget, 1873) and have been the subject of intense experimental scrutiny in recent years, but their physiological roles remain uncertain and little is known of the complement of signaling elements that they employ to carry out their functions. In this review, we synthesize functional data with single-cell RNAseq screens to explore the ion channel and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) toolkit of mesh and thin-strand pericytes of the brain, with the aim of providing a framework for deeper explorations of the molecular mechanisms that govern pericyte physiology. We argue that their complement of channels and receptors ideally positions capillary pericytes to play a central role in adapting blood flow to meet the challenge of satisfying neuronal energy requirements from deep within the capillary bed, by enabling dynamic regulation of their membrane potential to influence the electrical output of the cell. In particular, we outline how genetic and functional evidence suggest an important role for Gs-coupled GPCRs and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in this context. We put forth a predictive model for long-range hyperpolarizing electrical signaling from pericytes to upstream arterioles, and detail the TRP and Ca2+ channels and Gq, Gi/o, and G12/13 signaling processes that counterbalance this. We underscore critical questions that need to be addressed to further advance our understanding of the signaling topology of capillary pericytes, and how this contributes to their physiological roles and their dysfunction in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hariharan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nick Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colin Robertson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liqun He
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet & Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Palazzo E, Boccella S, Marabese I, Pierretti G, Guida F, Maione S. The Cold Case of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 6: Unjust Detention in the Retina? Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:120-125. [PMID: 31573889 PMCID: PMC7324884 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191001141849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a common opinion that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6 (mGluR6) is expressed exclusively in the retina, and in particular in the dendrites of ON-bipolar cells. Glutamate released in darkness from photoreceptors activates mGluR6, which is negatively associated with a membrane non-selective cation channel, the transient receptor potential melanoma-related 1, TRPM1, resulting in cell hyperpolarization. The evidence that mGluR6 is expressed not only in the retina but also in other tissues and cell populations has accumulated over time. The expression of mGluR6 has been identified in microglia, bone marrow stromal and prostate cancer cells, B lymphocytes, melanocytes and keratinocytes and non-neural tissues such as testis, kidney, cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelid. The receptor also appears to be expressed in brain areas, such as the hypothalamus, cortex, hippocampus, nucleus of tractus solitarius, superior colliculus, axons of the corpus callosum and accessory olfactory bulb. The pharmacological activation of mGluR6 in the hippocampus produced an anxiolytic-like effect and in the periaqueductal gray analgesic potential. This review aims to collect all the evidence on the expression and functioning of mGluR6 outside the retina that has been accumulated over the years for a broader view of the potential of the receptor whose retinal confinement appears understimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - S Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - I Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - G Pierretti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - F Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - S Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Masugi-Tokita M, Tomita K, Kobayashi K, Yoshida T, Kageyama S, Sakamoto H, Kawauchi A. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 7 Is Essential for Ejaculation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5208-5218. [PMID: 32865662 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (mGluR7) is a member of the group III mGluRs, which are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase via Gi/Go proteins and localized to presynaptic active zones of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). To elucidate the mechanism of impaired reproductivity of mGluR7 knockout (KO) mice, we investigated sexual behavior in this line, which exhibits ejaculatory disorder, although with normal sexual motivation and erectile function. To identify the site of action within the CNS responsible for the effect of mGluR7 on ejaculation, we then used a para-chloroamphetamine (PCA)-induced ejaculation model. Intrathecal administration of the mGluR7-selective antagonist 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-pyridin-4-ylisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (MMPIP) into the lumbosacral spinal cord inhibited PCA-induced ejaculation. Immunohistochemistry revealed mGluR7-like immunoreactivity (LI) expressed in the same area where lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) cells regulate the parasympathetic ejaculatory pathway. At high magnification, the apposition of mGluR7-LI puncta and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-LI-positive putative parasympathetic preganglionic neurons was evident. These results indicate that mGluR7 in the lumbosacral spinal cord regulates ejaculation by potentiating the excitability of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. The ejaculatory disorder is a major issue in the field of male reproductive function. Erectile dysfunction (ED) can be treated by phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors like sildenafil (Viagra®), but the ejaculatory disorder cannot. Lack of understanding of the ejaculatory mechanism hinders the development of therapies for ejaculatory problems. This study is the first to demonstrate that mGluR7 regulates ejaculation and the results provide insight into the mechanism of ejaculation as well as a strategy for future therapies to treat ejaculatory disorders in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Masugi-Tokita
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. .,World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Keiji Tomita
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tyler RE, Weinberg BZS, Lovelock DF, Ornelas LC, Besheer J. Exposure to the predator odor TMT induces early and late differential gene expression related to stress and excitatory synaptic function throughout the brain in male rats. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12684. [PMID: 32666635 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Persistent changes in brain stress and glutamatergic function are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Rodent exposure to the predator odor trimethylthiazoline (TMT) is an innate stressor that produces lasting behavioral consequences relevant to PTSD. As such, the goal of the present study was to assess early (6 hours and 2 days-Experiment 1) and late (4 weeks-Experiment 2) changes to gene expression (RT-PCR) related to stress and excitatory function following TMT exposure in male, Long-Evans rats. During TMT exposure, rats engaged in stress reactive behaviors, including digging and immobility. Further, the TMT group displayed enhanced exploration and mobility in the TMT-paired context 1 week after exposure, suggesting a lasting contextual reactivity. Gene expression analyses revealed upregulated FKBP5 6 hours post-TMT in the hypothalamus and dorsal hippocampus. Two days after TMT, GRM3 was downregulated in the prelimbic cortex and dorsal hippocampus, but upregulated in the nucleus accumbens. This may reflect an early stress response (FKBP5) that resulted in later glutamatergic adaptation (GRM3). Finally, another experiment 4 weeks after TMT exposure showed several differentially expressed genes known to mediate excitatory tripartite synaptic function in the prelimbic cortex (GRM5, DLG4 and SLC1A3 upregulated), infralimbic cortex (GRM2 downregulated, Homer1 upregulated), nucleus accumbens (GRM7 and SLC1A3 downregulated), dorsal hippocampus (FKBP5 and NR3C2 upregulated, SHANK3 downregulated) and ventral hippocampus (CNR1, GRM7, GRM5, SHANK3 and Homer1 downregulated). These data show that TMT exposure induces stress and excitatory molecular adaptations, which could help us understand the persistent glutamatergic dysfunction observed in PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Tyler
- Neuroscience Curriculum, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin Z S Weinberg
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis F Lovelock
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura C Ornelas
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Neuroscience Curriculum, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lenart J, Augustyniak J, Lazarewicz JW, Zieminska E. Altered expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism: A screening test. Toxicology 2020; 440:152500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
21
|
Boccella S, Marabese I, Guida F, Luongo L, Maione S, Palazzo E. The Modulation of Pain by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 7 and 8 in the Dorsal Striatum. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:34-50. [PMID: 31210112 PMCID: PMC7327935 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190618121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal striatum, apart from controlling voluntary movement, displays a recently demonstrated pain inhibition. It is connected to the descending pain modulatory system and in particular to the rostral ventromedial medulla through the medullary dorsal reticular nucleus. Diseases of the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson's disease, in addition to being characterized by motor disorders, are associated with pain and hyperactivation of the excitatory transmission. A way to counteract glutamatergic hyperactivation is through the activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which are located on presynaptic terminals inhibiting neurotransmitter release. So far the mGluRs of group III have been the least investigated, owing to a lack of selective tools. More recently, selective ligands for each mGluR of group III, in particular positive and negative allosteric modulators, have been developed and the role of each subtype is starting to emerge. The neuroprotective potential of group III mGluRs in pathological conditions, such as those characterized by elevate glutamate, has been recently shown. In the dorsal striatum, mGluR7 and mGluR8 are located at glutamatergic corticostriatal terminals and their stimulation inhibits pain in pathological conditions such as neuropathic pain. The two receptors in the dorsal striatum have instead a different role in pain control in normal conditions. This review will discuss recent results focusing on the contribution of mGluR7 and mGluR8 in the dorsal striatal control of pain. The role of mGluR4, whose antiparkinsonian activity is widely reported, will also be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marafi D, Mitani T, Isikay S, Hertecant J, Almannai M, Manickam K, Abou Jamra R, El-Hattab AW, Rajah J, Fatih JM, Du H, Karaca E, Bayram Y, Punetha J, Rosenfeld JA, Jhangiani SN, Boerwinkle E, Akdemir ZC, Erdin S, Hunter JV, Gibbs RA, Pehlivan D, Posey JE, Lupski JR. Biallelic GRM7 variants cause epilepsy, microcephaly, and cerebral atrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:610-627. [PMID: 32286009 PMCID: PMC7261753 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Defects in ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors are implicated in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7), encoded by GRM7, is a presynaptic G‐protein‐coupled glutamate receptor critical for synaptic transmission. We previously proposed GRM7 as a candidate disease gene in two families with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). One additional family has been published since. Here, we describe three additional families with GRM7 biallelic variants and deeply characterize the associated clinical neurological and electrophysiological phenotype and molecular data in 11 affected individuals from six unrelated families. Methods Exome sequencing and family‐based rare variant analyses on a cohort of 220 consanguineous families with NDDs revealed three families with GRM7 biallelic variants; three additional families were identified through literature search and collaboration with a clinical molecular laboratory. Results We compared the observed clinical features and variants of 11 affected individuals from the six unrelated families. Identified novel deleterious variants included two homozygous missense variants (c.2671G>A:p.Glu891Lys and c.1973G>A:p.Arg685Gln) and one homozygous stop‐gain variant (c.1975C>T:p.Arg659Ter). Developmental delay, neonatal‐ or infantile‐onset epilepsy, and microcephaly were universal. Three individuals had hypothalamic–pituitary–axis dysfunction without pituitary structural abnormality. Neuroimaging showed cerebral atrophy and hypomyelination in a majority of cases. Two siblings demonstrated progressive loss of myelination by 2 years in both and an acquired microcephaly pattern in one. Five individuals died in early or late childhood. Conclusion Detailed clinical characterization of 11 individuals from six unrelated families demonstrates that rare biallelic GRM7 pathogenic variants can cause DEEs, microcephaly, hypomyelination, and cerebral atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Sedat Isikay
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, 27000, Turkey
| | - Jozef Hertecant
- Pediatric Metabolic and Genetics Division, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Almannai
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kandamurugu Manickam
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ayman W El-Hattab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jaishen Rajah
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), P.O. Box: 51900, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jaya Punetha
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zeynep C Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill V Hunter
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Lidocaine, as the only local anesthetic approved for intravenous administration in the clinic, can relieve neuropathic pain, hyperalgesia, and complex regional pain syndrome. Intravenous injection of lidocaine during surgery is considered as an effective strategy to control postoperative pain, but the mechanism of its analgesic effect has not been fully elucidated. This paper intends to review recent studies on the mechanism of the analgesic effect of lidocaine. To the end, we conducted an electronic search of the PubMed database. The search period was from 5 years before June 2019. Lidocaine was used as the search term. A total of 659 documents were obtained, we included 17 articles. These articles combined with the 34 articles found by hand searching made up the 51 articles that were ultimately included. We reviewed the analgesic mechanism of lidocaine in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Xinchuan Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Yi Mu
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yousefzadeh SA, Hesslow G, Shumyatsky GP, Meck WH. Internal Clocks, mGluR7 and Microtubules: A Primer for the Molecular Encoding of Target Durations in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells and Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:321. [PMID: 31998074 PMCID: PMC6965020 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of studies in the field of timing and time perception have generally focused on sub- and supra-second time scales, specific behavioral processes, and/or discrete neuronal circuits. In an attempt to find common elements of interval timing from a broader perspective, we review the literature and highlight the need for cell and molecular studies that can delineate the neural mechanisms underlying temporal processing. Moreover, given the recent attention to the function of microtubule proteins and their potential contributions to learning and memory consolidation/re-consolidation, we propose that these proteins play key roles in coding temporal information in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). The presence of microtubules at relevant neuronal sites, as well as their adaptability, dynamic structure, and longevity, makes them a suitable candidate for neural plasticity at both intra- and inter-cellular levels. As a consequence, microtubules appear capable of maintaining a temporal code or engram and thereby regulate the firing patterns of PCs and MSNs known to be involved in interval timing. This proposed mechanism would control the storage of temporal information triggered by postsynaptic activation of mGluR7. This, in turn, leads to alterations in microtubule dynamics through a "read-write" memory process involving alterations in microtubule dynamics and their hexagonal lattice structures involved in the molecular basis of temporal memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Aryana Yousefzadeh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Germund Hesslow
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gleb P. Shumyatsky
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Warren H. Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bourin M. Experimental Anxiety Model for Anxiety Disorders: Relevance to Drug Discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1191:169-184. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
26
|
Dunn HA, Orlandi C, Martemyanov KA. Beyond the Ligand: Extracellular and Transcellular G Protein-Coupled Receptor Complexes in Physiology and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:503-519. [PMID: 31515243 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain one of the most successful targets of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. GPCR research has predominantly focused on the characterization of the intracellular interactome's contribution to GPCR function and pharmacology. However, emerging evidence uncovers a new dimension in the biology of GPCRs involving their extracellular and transcellular interactions that critically impact GPCR function and pharmacology. The seminal examples include a variety of adhesion GPCRs, such as ADGRLs/latrophilins, ADGRBs/brain angiogenesis inhibitors, ADGRG1/GPR56, ADGRG6/GPR126, ADGRE5/CD97, and ADGRC3/CELSR3. However, recent advances have indicated that class C GPCRs that contain large extracellular domains, including group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, mGluR8), γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, and orphans GPR158 and GPR179, can also participate in this form of transcellular regulation. In this review, we will focus on a variety of identified extracellular and transcellular GPCR-interacting partners, including teneurins, neurexins, integrins, fibronectin leucine-rich transmembranes, contactin-6, neuroligin, laminins, collagens, major prion protein, amyloid precursor protein, complement C1q-likes, stabilin-2, pikachurin, dystroglycan, complement decay-accelerating factor CD55, cluster of differentiation CD36 and CD90, extracellular leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1, and leucine-rich repeat, immunoglobulin-like domain and transmembrane domains. We provide an account on the diversity of extracellular and transcellular GPCR complexes and their contribution to key cellular and physiologic processes, including cell migration, axon guidance, cellular and synaptic adhesion, and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss models and mechanisms by which extracellular GPCR assemblies may regulate communication at cellular junctions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) continue to be the prominent focus of pharmacological intervention for a variety of human pathologies. Although the majority of GPCR research has focused on the intracellular interactome, recent advancements have identified an extracellular dimension of GPCR modulation that alters accepted pharmacological principles of GPCRs. Herein, we describe known endogenous allosteric modulators acting on GPCRs both in cis and in trans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Dunn
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gryksa K, Mittmann L, Bauer A, Peterlik D, Flor PJ, Uschold-Schmidt N, Bosch OJ. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 controls maternal care, maternal motivation and maternal aggression in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12627. [PMID: 31793148 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The group III metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (mGlu7) is an important regulator of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission and known to mediate emotionality and male social behavior. However, a possible regulatory role in maternal behavior remains unknown to date. Adequate expression of maternal behavior is essential for successful rearing and healthy development of the young. By understanding genetic and neural mechanisms underlying this important prosocial behavior, we gain valuable insights into possible dysregulations. Using genetic ablation as well as pharmacological modulation, we studied various parameters of maternal behavior in two different mouse strains under the influence of mGlu7. We can clearly show a regulatory role of mGlu7 in maternal behavior. Naïve virgin female C57BL/6 mGlu7 knockout mice showed more often nursing postures and less spontaneous maternal aggression compared to their heterozygous and wildtype littermates. In lactating C57BL/6 wildtype mice, acute central activation of mGlu7 by the selective agonist AMN082 reduced arched back nursing and accelerated pup retrieval without affecting maternal aggression. In addition, in lactating CD1 wildtype mice the selective mGlu7 antagonist XAP044 increased both pup retrieval and maternal aggression. With respect to receptor expression levels, mGlu7 mRNA expression was higher in lactating vs virgin C57BL/6 mice in the prefrontal cortex, but not hypothalamus or hippocampus. In conclusion, these findings highlight a significant role of the mGlu7 receptor subtype in mediating maternal behavior in mice. Region-dependent studies are warranted to further extend our knowledge on the specific function of the brain glutamate system in maternal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gryksa
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura Mittmann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Bauer
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Peterlik
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Flor
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Uschold-Schmidt
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Bosch
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
ELFN2 is a postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule with essential roles in controlling group III mGluRs in the brain and neuropsychiatric behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1902-1919. [PMID: 31485013 PMCID: PMC6874751 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The functional characterization of the GPCR interactome has predominantly focused on intracellular binding partners; however, the recent emergence of transsynaptic GPCR complexes represents an additional dimension to GPCR function that has previously been unaccounted for in drug discovery. Here, we characterize ELFN2 as a novel postsynaptic adhesion molecule with a distinct expression pattern throughout the brain and a selective binding with group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in trans. Using a transcellular GPCR signaling platform, we report that ELFN2 critically alters group III mGluR secondary messenger signaling by directly altering G protein coupling kinetics and efficacy. Loss of ELFN2 in mice results in the selective downregulation of group III mGluRs and dysregulated glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Elfn2 knockout (Elfn2 KO) mice also feature a range of neuropsychiatric manifestations including seizure susceptibility, hyperactivity, and anxiety/compulsivity, which can be rescued by pharmacological augmentation of group III mGluRs. Thus, we conclude that extracellular transsynaptic scaffolding by ELFN2 in the brain is a cardinal organizational feature of group III mGluRs essential for their signaling properties and brain function.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cieślik P, Woźniak M, Kaczorowska K, Brański P, Burnat G, Chocyk A, Bobula B, Gruca P, Litwa E, Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Wąsik A, Pilc A, Wierońska J. Negative Allosteric Modulators of mGlu 7 Receptor as Putative Antipsychotic Drugs. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:316. [PMID: 30294258 PMCID: PMC6158327 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The data concerning antipsychotic-like activity of negative allosteric modulators (NAMs)/antagonists of mGlu7 receptors are limited. The only available ligands for this receptor are MMPIP and ADX71743. In the present studies, we used stable cell line expressing mGlu7 receptor and it was shown that both compounds dose-dependently potentiated forskolin elevated cAMP concentration in the T-REx 293 cells, showing their inverse agonist properties. Subsequently, pharmacokinetic studies were performed. Both compounds were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) at the dose of 10 mg/kg and reached Cmax 0.25-0.5 h after administration, and then they declined rapidly, ADX71743 being almost undetectable 2 h after administration, while the concentration of MMPIP was still observed, suggesting that the concentration of MMPIP was more stable. Finally, we investigated the role of both mGlu7 receptor NAMs in animal models of schizophrenia. Behavioral tests commonly used in antipsychotic drug discovery were conducted. Both tested compounds dose-dependently inhibited MK-801-induced hyperactivity (MMPIP at 15 mg/kg; ADX at 5 and 15 mg/kg) and DOI-induced head twitches (MMPIP at 5, 10, 15 mg/kg; ADX at 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg). Moreover, the same effects were noticed in novel object recognition test, where MMPIP (5, 10, 15 mg/kg) and ADX71743 (1, 5, 15 mg/kg) reversed MK-801-induced disturbances. In the social interaction test, antipsychotic activity was observed only for ADX71743 (5, 15 mg/kg). ADX71743 at the dose 2.5 mg/kg reversed MK-801-induced disruption in prepulse inhibition while MMPIP at 10 mg/kg reversed MK-801-induced disruption in spatial delayed alternation. The present studies showed that mGlu7 receptor may be considered as a putative target for antipsychotic drugs, though more studies are needed due to limited number of available ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Wierońska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jantas D, Lech T, Gołda S, Pilc A, Lasoń W. New evidences for a role of mGluR7 in astrocyte survival: Possible implications for neuroprotection. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:223-237. [PMID: 30170084 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A specific activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) has been shown to be neuroprotective in various models of neuronal cell damage, however, its role in glia cell survival has not been studied, yet. Thus, we performed comparative experiments estimating protective effects of the mGluR7 allosteric agonist AMN082 in glia, neuronal and neuronal-glia cell cultures against various harmful stimuli. First, the transcript levels of mGluR7 and other subtypes of group II and III mGluRs in cortical neuronal, neuronal-glia and glia cell cultures have been measured by qPCR method. Next, we demonstrated that AMN082 with similar efficiency attenuated the glia cell damage evoked by staurosporine (St) and doxorubicin (Dox). The AMN082-mediated glioprotection was mGluR7-dependent and associated with decreased DNA fragmentation without involvement of caspase-3 inhibition. Moreover, the inhibitors of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways blocked the protective effect of AMN082. In neuronal and neuronal-glia cell cultures in the model of glutamate (Glu)- but not St-evoked cell damage, we showed a significant glia contribution to mGluR7-mediated neuroprotection. Finally, by using glia and neuronal cells derived from mGluR7+/+ and mGluR7-/- mice we demonstrated a higher cell-damaging effect of St and Dox in mGluR7-deficient glia but not in neurons (cerebellar granule cells). Our present data showed for the first time a glioprotective potential of AMN082 underlain by mechanisms involving the activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways and pro-survival role of mGluR7 in glia cells. These findings together with the confirmed neuroprotective properties of AMN082 justify further research on mGluR7-targeted therapies for various CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Street, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Lech
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Street, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sławomir Gołda
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Street, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Street, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Street, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dark C, Homman-Ludiye J, Bryson-Richardson RJ. The role of ADHD associated genes in neurodevelopment. Dev Biol 2018; 438:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
32
|
Synaptic adhesion protein ELFN1 is a selective allosteric modulator of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in trans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5022-5027. [PMID: 29686062 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722498115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional characterization of the GPCR interactome has been focused predominantly on intracellular interactions, yet GPCRs are increasingly found in complex with extracellular proteins. Extracellular leucine-rich repeat fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (ELFN1) was recently reported to physically anchor mGluR6 and mGluR7 across retinal and hippocampal synapses, respectively; however, the consequence of transsynaptic interactions on properties and pharmacology of these receptors are unknown. In the current study, we explore the effects of ELFN1 on mGluR signaling and pharmacology. First, we established the binding specificity of ELFN1 and found it to be recruited selectively to all group III mGluRs (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8), but not other mGluR species. Using site-directed mutagenesis we mapped binding determinants of this interaction to two distinct sites on the ELFN1 ectodomain. To evaluate functional aspects of the interaction, we developed a transcellular signaling assay in reconstituted HEK293 cells which monitors changes in mGluR activity in one cell following its exposure to separate ELFN1-containing cells. Using this platform, we found that ELFN1 acts as an allosteric modulator of class III mGluR activity in suppressing cAMP accumulation: altering both agonist-induced and constitutive receptor activity. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time kinetic assays, we established that ELFN1 alters the ability of mGluRs to activate G proteins. Our findings demonstrate that core properties of class III mGluRs can be altered via extracellular interactions with ELFN1 which serves as a transsynaptic allosteric modulator for these receptors. Furthermore, our unique assay platform opens avenues for exploring transcellular/transsynaptic pharmacology of other GPCR transcomplexes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 in the dorsal striatum oppositely modulates pain in sham and neuropathic rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:86-99. [PMID: 29505788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (mGluR7) in pain signalling in the dorsal striatum of sham and neuropathic rats. Supraspinal circuitries involved in the dorsal striatum control of pain were also explored. In the sham rats, microinjection of N,N'-bis(diphenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (AMN082), a selective mGluR7 positive allosteric modulator, into the dorsal striatum, facilitated pain, increased the activity of the ON cells and inhibited the activity of the OFF cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla, and decreased glutamate levels in the dorsal striatum. Conversely, AMN082 inhibited pain and the activity of the ON cells while increased the activity of the OFF cells in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic nerve. AMN082 also decreased glutamate levels in the dorsal striatum of SNI rats. The effect of AMN082 on mechanical allodynia and glutamate release was blocked by 6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-ethyl-6,7-dihydro-4(5H)-benzoxazolone (ADX71743), a selective mGluR7 negative allosteric modulator. Moreover, in the sham rats, AMN082 increased the activity of total nociceptive convergent neurons in the dorsal reticular nucleus while in the SNI rats, such activity was decreased. The administration of lidocaine into the subthalamic nucleus abolished the effect of AMN082 on the total nociceptive convergent neurons in the sham rats but not in the SNI rats. Thus, the dual effect of mGluR7 in facilitating or inhibiting pain responses may be due to the recruitment of different pathways of the basal ganglia, the indirect or direct pathway, in physiological or pathological conditions, respectively.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang CC, Kuo JR, Huang SK, Wang SJ. Metabotropic glutamate 7 receptor agonist AMN082 inhibits glutamate release in rat cerebral cortex nerve terminal. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 823:11-18. [PMID: 29378190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AMN082 is a selective metabotropic glutamate mGlu7 receptor agonist reported to exhibit antidepressant activity. Considering that excessive glutamate release is involved in the pathogenesis of depression, the effect of N,N'-dibenzyhydryl-ethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride (AMN082) on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals and the possible underlying mechanism were investigated. In this study, we observed here that AMN082 inhibited 4-aminopyridine-evoked glutamate release and this phenomenon was blocked by the metabotropic glutamate mGlu7 receptor antagonist MMPIP. Moreover, western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry confirmed the presence of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate mGlu7 receptor proteins. The effect of AMN082 on the 4-aminopyridine-evoked release of glutamate was prevented by chelating the extracellular Ca2+ ions and the vesicular transporter inhibitor; however, the effect of AMN082 was unaffected by the glutamate transporter inhibitor. AMN082 reduced the elevation of 4-aminopyridine-evoked intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ concentration, but did not alter the synaptosomal membrane potential. In the presence of the Cav2.2 (N-type) and Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) channel blocker, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, and the protein kinase A inhibitor, the action of AMN082 on the 4-aminopyridine-evoked glutamate release was markedly reduced. These results suggest that the activation of the metabotropic glutamate mGlu7 receptors by AMN082 reduces adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A activation, which subsequently reduces the entry of Ca2+ through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and decreases evoked glutamate release. Additionally, fluoxetine, a clinically effective antidepressant, completely occluded the inhibitory effect of AMN082 on glutamate release, thus indicating the existence of a common intracellular mechanism for these two compounds to inhibit glutamate release from the cerebrocortical nerve terminals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jinn Rung Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu Kuei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsin-Chuang, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reed CW, McGowan KM, Spearing PK, Stansley BJ, Roenfanz HF, Engers DW, Rodriguez AL, Engelberg EM, Luscombe VB, Loch MT, Remke DH, Rook JM, Blobaum AL, Conn PJ, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW. VU6010608, a Novel mGlu 7 NAM from a Series of N-(2-(1 H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzamides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1326-1330. [PMID: 29259756 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the structure-activity relationships within a series of mGlu7 NAMs based on an N-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzamide core with excellent CNS penetration (Kp 1.9-5.8 and Kp,uu 0.4-1.4). Analogues in this series displayed steep SAR. Of these, VU6010608 (11a) emerged with robust efficacy in blocking high frequency stimulated long-term potentiation in electrophysiology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|