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Gao Z, Sheng T, Zhang W, Feng H, Yu J, Gu Z, Zhang Y. Microneedle-Mediated Cell Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304124. [PMID: 37899686 PMCID: PMC10885673 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles have emerged as a promising platform for transdermal drug delivery with prominent advantages, such as enhanced permeability, mitigated pain, and improved patient adherence. While microneedles have primarily been employed for delivering small molecules, nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins, recent researches have demonstrated their prospect in combination with cell therapy. Cell therapy involving administration or transplantation of living cells (e.g. T cells, stem cells, and pancreatic cells) has gained significant attention in preclinical and clinical applications for various disease treatments. However, the effectiveness of systemic cell delivery may be restricted in localized conditions like solid tumors and skin disorders due to limited penetration and accumulation into the lesions. In this perspective, an overview of recent advances in microneedle-assisted cell delivery for immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, and hormone modulation, with respect to their mechanical property, cell loading capacity, as well as viability and bioactivity of the loaded cells is provided. Potential challenges and future perspectives with microneedle-mediated cell therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Tao Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Huiheng Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhou311121China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityJinhua321299China
- Department of General SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release SystemsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhou311121China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityJinhua321299China
- Department of General SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release SystemsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release SystemsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Department of Burns and Wound Care CenterSecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310009China
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Miao ZW, Wang Z, Zheng SL, Wang SN, Miao CY. Anti-stroke biologics: from recombinant proteins to stem cells and organoids. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2023-002883. [PMID: 38286483 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of biologics in various diseases has dramatically increased in recent years. Stroke, a cerebrovascular disease, is the second most common cause of death, and the leading cause of disability with high morbidity worldwide. For biologics applied in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke, alteplase is the only thrombolytic agent. Meanwhile, current clinical trials show that two recombinant proteins, tenecteplase and non-immunogenic staphylokinase, are most promising as new thrombolytic agents for acute ischaemic stroke therapy. In addition, stem cell-based therapy, which uses stem cells or organoids for stroke treatment, has shown promising results in preclinical and early clinical studies. These strategies for acute ischaemic stroke mainly rely on the unique properties of undifferentiated cells to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. However, there is a still considerable journey ahead before these approaches become routine clinical use. This includes optimising cell delivery methods, determining the ideal cell type and dosage, and addressing long-term safety concerns. This review introduces the current or promising recombinant proteins for thrombolysis therapy in ischaemic stroke and highlights the promise and challenges of stem cells and cerebral organoids in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Wei Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Yang T, Jiang N, Han H, Shui J, Hou M, Kumar G, Tian H, Song L, Ma C, Li X, Ding Z. Bibliometric Analysis of Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke (2001-2022): Trends, Hotspots and Prospects. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:151-168. [PMID: 38164351 PMCID: PMC10750336 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular accident with a high risk of neurological deficits. Stem cell therapy has progressively attracted the interest of scientists and clinicians due to the benefits of promoting neural regeneration and regulating the microenvironment surrounding the lesion after ischemic stroke. Our study aimed to evaluate the development trends and research hotspots in the field of stem cells and ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: Publications related to stem cells and ischemic stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science from 2001 to 2022. Data analysis and mapping were performed using VOSviewer, Citespace and ImageGP. Results: In total, 1932 papers were included in the analysis. Publications have steadily increased over the past 22 years. China has contributed the maximum number of publications, whereas the USA ranked first in the total number of citations and was considered the center of the international collaboration network. University of South Florida, Henry Ford Hospital, and Oakland University were the most influential institutions. Stroke, Brain Research, and Neural Regeneration Research were the most productive journals. The research in this field was primarily focused on the effects of stem cells on neurogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis following ischemic stroke, as well as their therapeutic potential for the disease. In addition, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly utilized stem cells. The topics related to miRNA, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, neuroinflammation, and autophagy are current research hotspots. Conclusion: Our bibliometric study provides a novel perspective on the research trends in the field of stem cells and ischemic stroke. The outcome of this study may benefit scientists to identify research hotspots and development directions, thereby advancing the application of stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Hongxia Han
- Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Jing Shui
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Miaomiao Hou
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hao Tian
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
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Haroon J, Aboody K, Flores L, McDonald M, Mahdavi K, Zielinski M, Jordan K, Rindner E, Surya J, Venkatraman V, Go-Stevens V, Ngai G, Lara J, Hyde C, Schafer S, Schafer M, Bystritsky A, Nardi I, Kuhn T, Ross D, Jordan S. Use of transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound for targeted delivery of stem cell-derived exosomes to the brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17707. [PMID: 37853206 PMCID: PMC10584845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge for targeted drug delivery. A proposed method to improve drug delivery across the BBB is focused ultrasound (fUS), which delivers ultrasound waves to a targeted location in the brain and is hypothesized to open the BBB. Furthermore, stem cell-derived exosomes have been suggested as a possible anti-inflammatory molecule that may have neural benefits, if able to pass the BBB. In the present study, transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), without the use of intravenous microbubbles, was assessed for both (1) its ability to influence the BBB, as well as (2) its ability to increase the localization of intravenously administered small molecules to a specific region in the brain. In vivo rat studies were conducted with a rodent-customized 2 MHz LIFU probe (peak pressure = 1.5 MPa), and injection of labeled stem cell-derived exosomes. The results suggested that LIFU (without microbubbles) did not appear to open the BBB after exposure times of 20, 40, or 60 min; instead, there appeared to be an increase in transcytosis of the dextran tracer. Furthermore, the imaging results of the exosome study showed an increase in exosome localization in the right hippocampus following 60 min of targeted LIFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haroon
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - K Aboody
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - L Flores
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - M McDonald
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - K Mahdavi
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - M Zielinski
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - K Jordan
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - E Rindner
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - J Surya
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - V Go-Stevens
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - G Ngai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Lara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - C Hyde
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - I Nardi
- Kimera Labs Inc., Miramar, USA
| | - T Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - D Ross
- Kimera Labs Inc., Miramar, USA
| | - S Jordan
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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Bielewicz J, Kamieniak M, Szymoniuk M, Litak J, Czyżewski W, Kamieniak P. Diagnosis and Management of Neuropathic Pain in Spine Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041380. [PMID: 36835916 PMCID: PMC9961043 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is generally defined as a non-physiological pain experience caused by damage to the nervous system. It can occur spontaneously, as a reaction to a given stimulus, or independently of its action, leading to unusual pain sensations usually referred to as firing, burning or throbbing. In the course of spine disorders, pain symptoms commonly occur. According to available epidemiological studies, a neuropathic component of pain is often present in patients with spinal diseases, with a frequency ranging from 36% to 55% of patients. Distinguishing between chronic nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain very often remains a challenge. Consequently, neuropathic pain is often underdiagnosed in patients with spinal diseases. In reference to current guidelines for the treatment of neuropathic pain, gabapentin, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants constitute first-line therapeutic agents. However, long-term pharmacologic treatment often leads to developing tolerance and resistance to used medications. Therefore, in recent years, a plethora of therapeutic methods for neuropathic pain have been developed and investigated to improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we briefly summarized current knowledge about the pathophysiology and diagnosis of neuropathic pain. Moreover, we described the most effective treatment approaches for neuropathic pain and discussed their relevance in the treatment of spinal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bielewicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Szymoniuk M, Litak J, Sakwa L, Dryla A, Zezuliński W, Czyżewski W, Kamieniak P, Blicharski T. Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Application of Multipotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2022; 12:120. [PMID: 36611914 PMCID: PMC9818156 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a common neurological disorder with devastating psychical and psychosocial sequelae. The majority of patients after SCI suffer from permanent disability caused by motor dysfunction, impaired sensation, neuropathic pain, spasticity as well as urinary complications, and a small number of patients experience a complete recovery. Current standard treatment modalities of the SCI aim to prevent secondary injury and provide limited recovery of lost neurological functions. Stem Cell Therapy (SCT) represents an emerging treatment approach using the differentiation, paracrine, and self-renewal capabilities of stem cells to regenerate the injured spinal cord. To date, multipotent stem cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent the most investigated types of stem cells for the treatment of SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. The microenvironment of SCI has a significant impact on the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of transplanted stem cells. Therefore, a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of SCI and molecular mechanisms through which stem cells act may help improve the treatment efficacy of SCT and find new therapeutic approaches such as stem-cell-derived exosomes, gene-modified stem cells, scaffolds, and nanomaterials. In this literature review, the pathogenesis of SCI and molecular mechanisms of action of multipotent stem cells including MSCs, NSCs, and HSCs are comprehensively described. Moreover, the clinical efficacy of multipotent stem cells in SCI treatment, an optimal protocol of stem cell administration, and recent therapeutic approaches based on or combined with SCT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dryla
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zezuliński
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Stančin P, Song MS, Alajbeg I, Mitrečić D. Human Oral Mucosa Stem Cells Increase Survival of Neurons Affected by In Vitro Anoxia and Improve Recovery of Mice Affected by Stroke Through Time-limited Secretion of miR-514A-3p. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01276-7. [PMID: 36083390 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The success rate of regenerative medicine largely depends on the type of stem cells applied in such procedures. Consequently, to achieve the needed level for clinical standardization, we need to investigate the viability of accessible sources with sufficient quantity of cells. Since the oral region partly originates from the neural crest, which naturally develops in niche with decreased levels of oxygen, the main goal of this work was to test if human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC) might be used to treat neurons damaged by anoxia. Here we show that hOMSC are more resistant to anoxia than human induced pluripotent stem cells and that they secrete BDNF, GDNF, VEGF and NGF. When hOMSC were added to human neurons damaged by anoxia, they significantly improved their survival. This regenerative capability was at least partly achieved through miR-514A-3p and SHP-2 and it decreased in hOMSC exposed to neural cells for 14 or 28 days. In addition, the beneficial effect of hOMSC were also confirmed in mice affected by stroke. Hence, in this work we have confirmed that hOMSC, in a time-limited manner, improve the survival of anoxia-damaged neurons and significantly contribute to the recovery of experimental animals following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Stančin
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Alajbeg
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine and University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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