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Palma E, Santos JF, Fernandes C, Paulo A. DNA-Targeted Complexes of Tc and Re for Biomedical Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303591. [PMID: 38038361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to their favorable chemical features, Re and Tc complexes have been widely used for the development of new therapeutic agents and imaging probes to solve problems of biomedical relevance. This review provides an update of the most relevant research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using Re and Tc-based compounds interacting with specific DNA structures. This includes a variety of homometallic complexes, namely those containing M(CO)3 (M=Re, Tc) moieties, that exhibit different modes of interaction with DNA, such as covalent binding, intercalation, groove binding or G-quadruplex DNA binding. Additionally, heterometallic complexes, designed to potentiate synergistic effects of different metal centers to improve DNA-targeting, cytotoxicity and fluorescence properties, are also reviewed. Particular attention is also given to 99m Tc- and 188 Re-labeled oligonucleotides that have been widely explored to develop imaging and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals through the in vivo hybridization with a specific complementary DNA or RNA target sequence to provide useful molecular tools in precision medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the need for further improvement of DNA-targeted Re and Tc-based compounds as potential therapeutic and diagnostic agents is highlighted, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palma
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Santos
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Ankrah AO, Lawal IO, Dierckx RAJO, Sathekge MM, Glaudemans AWJM. Imaging of Invasive Fungal Infections- The Role of PET/CT. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:57-69. [PMID: 35933165 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the population at risk for invasive fungal disease (IFD) has increased because of medical therapy advances and diseases compromising patients' immune systems. The high morbidity and mortality associated with invasive fungal disease in the immunocompromised present the challenge of early diagnosis of the IFD and the need to closely monitor the infection during treatment. The definitive diagnosis of invasive fungal disease based on culture or histopathological methods often has reduced diagnostic accuracy in the immunocompromised and may be very invasive. Less invasive and indirect evidence of the fungal infection by serology and imaging has been used for the early diagnosis of fungal infection before definitive results are available or when the definitive methods of diagnosis are suboptimal. Imaging in invasive fungal disease is a non-invasive biomarker that helps in the early diagnosis of invasive fungal disease but helps follow-up the infection during treatment. Different imaging modalities are used in the workup to evaluate fungal disease. The different imaging modalities have advantages and disadvantages at different sites in the body and may complement each other in the management of IFD. Positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography with [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG PET/CT) has helped manage IFD. The combined functional data from PET and anatomical data from the CT from almost the whole body allows noninvasive evaluation of IFD and provides a semiquantitative means of assessing therapy. FDG PET/CT adds value to anatomic-based only imaging modalities. The nonspecificity of FDG uptake has led to the evaluation of other tracers in the assessment of IFD. However, these are mainly still at the preclinical level and are yet to be translated to humans. FDG PET/CT remains the most widely evaluated radionuclide-based imaging modality in IFD management. The limitations of FDG PET/CT must be well understood, and more extensive prospective studies in uniform populations are needed to validate its role in the management of IFD that can be international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred O Ankrah
- National Centre for Radiotherapy Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra GA, Ghana; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ismaheel O Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Chen Z, Yang Q, Song L, Qiu Y, Wu S, Huang W, Jiang Q, Wu S, Kang L. A novel tetrapeptide for chelator-free radiolabeling in optimized preparation of 99mTc-radiolabeled oligonucleotides. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 12:143-151. [PMID: 36419586 PMCID: PMC9677136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antisense imaging uses radionuclide labeled antisense oligonucleotides to hybridize with nucleic acids in vivo, display the expression of target genes, and directly quantify biological processes at the cellular and subcellular levels. The anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) are a series of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides that are widely used in gene imaging and gene therapy. However, due to the negative charge and high molecular weight, the permeability through the membrane of AMOs is generally low so that most AMOs cannot enter the cells. Based on the 99mTc-labeled AMOs imaging in previous studies, this study developed a novel tetrapeptide Glycine-Alanine-Glycine-Lysine (Gly-Ala-Gly-Lys, GAGK) for one-step labeling AMO with 99mTc. The labeling conditions were optimized by changing the number of stannous ions, the reaction time, and the temperature, respectively. The labeled products were identified by gel electrophoresis and their serum stability was evaluated. The optimal labeling condition in this study was using 1 mg/mL SnCl2·2H2O and heating for 30 min at 100°C. Gel electrophoresis confirmed the verification of successful labeling of 99mTc-GAGK-AMO. After being incubated with human fresh serum for 12 h, 99mTc-GAGK-AMO showed good stability and no obvious degradation. Therefore, this labeling method has high labeling efficiency and stable labeling, which provides an effective method for the application of miRNA-targeted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Lele Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Yongkang Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Sitong Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Wenpeng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
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4
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Schneider G, Wirth M, Keller U, Saur D. Rationale for MYC imaging and targeting in pancreatic cancer. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:104. [PMID: 34637026 PMCID: PMC8511206 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and lethality of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) will continue to increase in the next decade. For most patients, chemotherapeutic combination therapies remain the standard of care. The development and successful implementation of precision oncology in other gastrointestinal tumor entities point to opportunities also for PDAC. Therefore, markers linked to specific therapeutic responses and important subgroups of the disease are needed. The MYC oncogene is a relevant driver in PDAC and is linked to drug resistance and sensitivity. Here, we update recent insights into MYC biology in PDAC, summarize the connections between MYC and drug responses, and point to an opportunity to image MYC non-invasively. In sum, we propose MYC-associated biology as a basis for the development of concepts for precision oncology in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TU Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Wirth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Keller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Insititute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, MRI, TU Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Yang G, Zhao Y, Gong A, Miao W, Yan L, Nie P, Wang Z. Improved Cellular Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotide for miRNA-21 Imaging In Vivo Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Based Nanoprobes. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:787-795. [PMID: 33480702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most oligonucleotides fail to enter a cell and cannot escape from endosomes after endocytosis because of their negative charge and large molecular weight. More efficient cellular delivery of oligonucleotides should be developed for the widespread implementation of antisense imaging. The purpose of this study was to construct a novel antisense nanoprobe, 99mTc-labeled anti-miRNA oligonucleotides/cell-penetrating peptide PepFect6 (99mTc-AMO/PF6), and to evaluate its efficacy for imaging the miRNA-21 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Naked AMO and commercial Lipofectamine 2000-based nanoparticles (AMO/LIP) were used for comparison. The cellular delivery efficiency of AMO/PF6 was first investigated by laser confocal scanning microscopy using Cy5.5-labeled probes and further validated by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Then, the probes were labeled with 99mTc via hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC). The cytotoxicity assay, cellular uptake, and retention kinetics of the probes were evaluated in vitro. The biodistribution of the probes was investigated in A549 lung cancer xenografts, and SPECT imaging was performed in vivo. AMO/PF6 showed lower cytotoxicity than AMO/LIP (P < 0.05) but showed no significant difference with naked AMO. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated more extensive and scattered signal distribution inside the A549 cells by AMO/PF6 than AMO/LIP. The labeling efficiency of 99mTc-AMO/PF6 was 72.6 ± 1.42%, and the specific activity was 11.6 ± 0.13 MBq/ng. The cellular uptake of 99mTc-PF6/AMO peaked at 12 h, with the uptake of 11.24 ± 0.12 mol/cell × 10-16, and the cellular retention of 99mTc-AMO/PF6 was 3.92 ± 0.15 mol/cell × 10-16 at 12 h after interrupted incubation. AMO/PF6 showed higher cellular uptake and retention than naked AMO and AMO/LIP. The biodistribution study showed that the tumor had the highest radioactivity accumulation, with the uptake ratio of tumor/muscle (T/M) increasing from 14.59 ± 0.67 to 21.76 ± 0.98 between 1 and 6 h after injection, followed by the uptake in the kidneys and the liver. The results of in vivo fluorescence and SPECT imaging were consistent with the results of the biodistribution. The tumor was visualized at 6 h after injection of AMO/PF6 with the highest T/M ratio among these probes (P < 0.05). PF6 improves cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides via noncovalent nanoparticles. 99mTc-AMO/PF6 shows favorable imaging properties and is promising for miRNAs imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Aidi Gong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Miao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Nie
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
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Bellaye PS, Burgy O, Bonniaud P, Kolb M. HSP47: a potential target for fibrotic diseases and implications for therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:49-62. [PMID: 33287600 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1861249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic fibrotic disorders are challenging clinical problems. The major challenge is the identification of specific targets expressed selectively in fibrotic tissues. Collagen accumulation is the hallmark fibrosis. HSP47 is a collagen-specific chaperon with critical role in collagen folding. This review discusses the anti-fibrotic potential of HSP47. Areas covered: This review compiles data retrieved from the PubMed database with keywords 'HSP47+fibrosis' from 01/2005 to 06/2020. We examined 1) collagen biology and its role in fibrotic diseases, 2) HSP47 role in fibrosis, 3) HSP47 inhibition strategies and 4) clinical investigations. The identification of the HSP47-collagen binding site led to the development of methods to screen HSP47 inhibitors with anti-fibrotic potential. Specific in vivo delivery systems of HSP47 siRNA to fibrotic tissue reduced collagen production/secretion associated with fibrosis inhibition in preclinical models. This strategy is about to be tested in clinical trials. Expert opinion: As a collagen-specific chaperon, HSP47 is a promising therapeutic target in fibrosis. Preclinical models have shown encouraging anti-fibrotic results. Anti-HSP47 strategies need to be further evaluated in clinical trials. The increase in circulating-HSP47 in lung fibrosis patients highlights the potential of HSP47 as a noninvasive biomarker and may represent an important step toward personalized medicine in fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Centre George-Franrçois Leclerc, Nuclear Medicine department, Plateforme d'imagerie et de radiothérapie préclinique, 1 rue du professeur Marion, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Constitutif des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares de l'Adultes de Dijon, Réseau OrphaLung, Filère RespiFil, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bourgogne , Dijon,France
| | - Olivier Burgy
- Centre de Référence Constitutif des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares de l'Adultes de Dijon, Réseau OrphaLung, Filère RespiFil, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bourgogne , Dijon,France.,INSERM U1231 Department HSP-pathies 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc ,Dijon France
| | - Philippe Bonniaud
- Centre de Référence Constitutif des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares de l'Adultes de Dijon, Réseau OrphaLung, Filère RespiFil, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bourgogne , Dijon,France
| | - Martin Kolb
- McMaster University, Department of medicine, FIRH, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton , Ontario, Canada
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7
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Maity S, Lönnberg TA. Synthesis of Organometallic Oligonucleotides through Oximation with Metalated Benzaldehydes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18803-18808. [PMID: 31737842 PMCID: PMC6854833 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A phthaloyl-protected aminooxymethyl-C-2'-deoxyriboside building block has been prepared and incorporated in the middle of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Removal of the phthaloyl protection followed by on-support oximation with either mercurated or palladated benzaldehydes yielded oligonucleotides bearing the respective benzaldoxime metallacycles.
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8
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Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) are widely used DNA mimics that bind sequence specifically to single- and double-stranded nucleic acids. Hence they are of interest in the design of gene-targeted radiotherapeutics that could deliver radiodamage to designated DNA and/or RNA sites. Here I describe a procedure for incorporation of gamma-emitting radionuclide 111In into PNA oligomers. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was conjugated to a lysine-containing mixed-base PNA. 111In-labeled PNAs were obtained by chelation of PNA-DTPA conjugates with 111In3+ in an acidic aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor G Panyutin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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9
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Man F, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Nuclear imaging of liposomal drug delivery systems: A critical review of radiolabelling methods and applications in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:134-160. [PMID: 31170428 PMCID: PMC6866902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The integration of nuclear imaging with nanomedicine is a powerful tool for efficient development and clinical translation of liposomal drug delivery systems. Furthermore, it may allow highly efficient imaging-guided personalised treatments. In this article, we critically review methods available for radiolabelling liposomes. We discuss the influence that the radiolabelling methods can have on their biodistribution and highlight the often-overlooked possibility of misinterpretation of results due to decomposition in vivo. We stress the need for knowing the biodistribution/pharmacokinetics of both the radiolabelled liposomal components and free radionuclides in order to confidently evaluate the images, as they often share excretion pathways with intact liposomes (e.g. phospholipids, metallic radionuclides) and even show significant tumour uptake by themselves (e.g. some radionuclides). Finally, we describe preclinical and clinical studies using radiolabelled liposomes and discuss their impact in supporting liposomal drug development and clinical translation in several diseases, including personalised nanomedicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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10
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Nanomedicine for cancer diagnosis and therapy: advancement, success and structure-activity relationship. Ther Deliv 2018; 8:1003-1018. [PMID: 29061101 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs), composed of organic and inorganic materials, have been explored as promising drug-delivery vehicles for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The success of nanosystems has been attributed to its smaller size, biocompatibility, selective tumor accumulation and reduced toxicity. The relationship among numbers of molecules in payload, NP diameter and encapsulation efficacy have crucial role in clinical translation. Advancement of bioengineering, and systematic fine-tuning of functional components to NPs have diversified their optical and theranostic properties. In this review, we summarize wide varieties of NPs, such as ultrasmall polymer-lipid hybrid NPs, dendrimers, liposomes, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, gold NPs and iron oxide NPs. We also discuss their tumor targetability, tissue penetration, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic and diagnostic properties. [Formula: see text].
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11
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Ramani P, Cauteruccio S, Licandro E, Baldoli C. Synthesis of luminescent 2,3-diphenylmaleimide-labelled peptide nucleic acid oligomers. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Nuckowski Ł, Kaczmarkiewicz A, Studzińska S. Review on sample preparation methods for oligonucleotides analysis by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1090:90-100. [PMID: 29803869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides have been successfully investigated for the treatment of different types of diseases. Detection and determination of antisense oligonucleotides and their metabolites are necessary for drug development and evaluation. This review focuses mainly on the first step of the analysis of oligonucleotides i.e. the sample preparation stage, and in particular on the techniques used for liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Exceptional sample preparation techniques are required as antisense oligonucleotides need to be determined in complex biological matrices. The text discusses general issues in oligonucleotide sample preparation and approaches to their solution. The most popular techniques i.e. protein precipitation, protein enzyme digestion and liquid-liquid extraction are reviewed. Solid phase extraction methods are discussed and the issues connected with the application of each method are highlighted. Other newly reported promising techniques are also described. Finally, there is a summary of actually used techniques and the indication of the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Nuckowski
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Kaczmarkiewicz
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland.
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13
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Sau S, Tatiparti K, Alsaab HO, Kashaw SK, Iyer AK. A tumor multicomponent targeting chemoimmune drug delivery system for reprograming the tumor microenvironment and personalized cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1344-1356. [PMID: 29551455 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle library engineered with tunable size, shape, and geometry will provide a better idea of targeting multicomponent of tumor microenvironment consisting of epithelial cells, tumor hypoxia, tumor immune cells and angiogenic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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14
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Zvereva MI, Zatsepin TS, Azhibek DM, Shubernetskaya OS, Shpanchenko OV, Dontsova OA. Oligonucleotide inhibitors of telomerase: prospects for anticancer therapy and diagnostics. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:251-9. [PMID: 25761680 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The activity of telomerase allows eukaryotic cells to have unlimited division potential. On its functioning, telomerase synthesizes short DNA repeats at the 3'-end of DNA within chromosomes that ensures genome stability during cell division. Telomerase is active in the majority of cancer cell types and is virtually absent in somatic cells with rare exceptions. This difference allows us to consider inhibition of telomerase activity as a possible approach to antitumor therapy. Telomerase is a nucleoprotein composed of two main components: the reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which is a catalytic subunit, and telomerase RNA (hTR), which encodes a template for synthesis of repeats. The biogenesis and features of telomerase seem very promising for its inhibition due to complementary interactions. In this review, we analyze putative pathways of oligonucleotide influence on telomerase and consider the known native and modified oligonucleotide inhibitors of telomerase, as well as possible mechanisms of their action. We also discuss the application of telomerase-targeted oligonucleotide conjugates for in vivo imaging of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Zvereva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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15
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Kang L, Xu XJ, Ma C, Wang RF, Yan P, Zhang CL, Sun HW, Li D. Optimized preparation of a (99m)Tc-radiolabeled probe for tracing microRNA. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:905-12. [PMID: 25315639 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides have been used for a variety of purposes in microRNA (miRNA) research including functional evaluation, target recognition, and gene studies. Although several (99m)Tc-radiolabeled oligonucleotides have been reported in antisense imaging, none of those were related to miRNA tracing. Moreover, separation after labeling was always required to achieve acceptable radiochemical purity. In this study, we prepared a (99m)Tc-radiolabeled oligonucleotide under optimized conditions for the purpose of tracing miRNA. A 22mer anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (AMO) was designed completely complementary to the sequence of mature miR-21. AMO probe modified with 2'-O-Methyl and phosphorothioate backbone was designed and synthesized. This probe was conjugated with a bifunctional chelator S-acetylmercaptoacetyltriglycine (NHS-MAG3) via a primary amine on 5'-end. Furthermore, it was radiolabeled and its optimization labeling conditions were performed by varying the amount of stannous ion, (99m)Tc-pertecnetate, and reaction time, respectively. Finally, the labeled product was identified by gel electrophoresis and evaluated for its serum stability. The AMO was synthesized with partial 2'-OMe and phosphorothioate modification to improve its stability. Excess of MAG3 impurity was removed by precipitation of tin and MAG3 after the conjugation. The labeling efficiency reached 97 % under the optimal reaction conditions of 2 μg/μL SnCl2·2H2O addition, (99m)Tc solution with high specific activity, and 90-min reaction at room temperature. Gel electrophoresis confirmed that the peak of radioactivity located the same position of oligomer, which identified the successful radiolabeling. After incubated with human fresh serum for 12 h, labeled AMO showed good stability with high radiochemical purity and no significant degradation. A (99m)Tc-labeled AMO targeting miR-21 can be prepared with high labeling efficiency under optimized conditions, which provides a good support for the future use of miRNA-targeted tracing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 St. Xishiku, Beijing, 100034, China
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16
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Vectors for the delivery of radiopharmaceuticals in cancer therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:893-912. [PMID: 25337647 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal radiation using radiopharmaceuticals promises efficient cancer therapeutics. The specificity and selectivity required for screening and pinpointing tumor cells for cell-kill has been made possible by targeted ligands based on 'magic bullet' and tracer principle- theories nearing a century. Overexpression of certain receptors has been exploited using biomolecules for targeting. The pragmatic analysis, however, is not as promising compared with the theoretical knowledge of available gamut of vectors and targets. The complex interplay of in vitro and in vivo parameters, and the effect of radionuclides involve a systematic assessment of radiopharmaceuticals as diagnostic and therapeutic agent. This review presents different vectors with their pros and cons, present status and recent design variations followed by a future perspective based on novel approaches.
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Stephan H, Foerster C, Gasser G. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of radiometal-containing peptide nucleic acids. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1050:37-54. [PMID: 24297349 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-553-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have very attractive properties for applications in nuclear medicine. Because PNAs have high selectivity for DNA/RNA recognition, resistance to nuclease/protease degradation, and high thermal and radiolytic stabilities, PNA bioconjugates could transform the areas of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. In this book chapter, we report on the current developments towards the preparation of radiometal-containing PNA constructs and summarize the protocols for labeling these probes with (99m)Tc, (111)In, (64)Cu, (90)Y, and (177)Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
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Cornelissen B. Imaging the inside of a tumour: a review of radionuclide imaging and theranostics targeting intracellular epitopes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:310-6. [PMID: 24395330 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of tumour tissue focusses mainly on extracellular epitopes such as tumour angiogenesis or signal transduction receptors expressed on the cell membrane. However, most biological processes that define tumour phenotype occur within the cell. In this mini-review, an overview is given of the various techniques to interrogate intracellular events using molecular imaging with radiolabelled compounds. Additionally, similar targeting techniques can be employed for radionuclide therapy using Auger electron emitters, and recent advances in Auger electron therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cornelissen
- MRC/CRUK Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
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Liu M, Wang RF, Yan P, Zhang CL, Cui YG. Molecular imaging and pharmacokinetics of (99m) Tc-hTERT antisense oligonucleotide as a potential tumor imaging probe. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 57:97-101. [PMID: 24307558 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeting and visualization of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) represents a promising approach for providing diagnostic value. The uptake kinetics and imaging results of (99m) Tc-hTERT antisense oligonucleotides (ASON) in hTERT-expressing cells were examined in vitro and in vivo. The pharmacokinetics and acute toxicity studies of (99m) Tc-hTERT ASON were also performed. The labeling efficiencies of radiolabeled oligonucleotide reached 76 ± 5%, the specific activity was up to 1850 kBq/µg, and the radiochemical purity was above 96%. Radioactivity accumulated to a higher concentration in hTERT-expressing cells with antisense probe than with sense control (p < 0.05). Lipid carrier incorporation significantly increased the transmembrane delivery of radiolabeled probes (p < 0.05). hTERT-expressing xenografts in nude mice were clearly visualized at 6 h postinjection of the antisense probe but not the sense control probe. However, liposome did not increase the radioactivity accumulation of probes in tumors for either antisense or sense probe (p > 0.05). Radioactivity counts per minute versus time profiles for (99m) Tc-hTERT ASON were biphasic, indicative of a three-compartment model. The pharmacokinetics parameters of half-life of distribution (T1/2α ), half-life of elimination (T1/2β ), total apparent volume of distribution (Vd), and total rate of clearance were 2.04 ± 0.48 min, 24 ± 4.8 min, 109.83 ± 17.20 mL, and 3.19 ± 0.17 mL/min, respectively. The acute toxicity study results showed the safe application of (99m) Tc-hTERT ASON in vivo. This study provides further evidences that (99m) Tc-hTERT ASON should be developed as a safe, potential molecular image-guided diagnostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku St., West District, Beijing, 100034, China
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Shen Y, Shrestha R, Ibricevic A, Gunsten SP, Welch MJ, Wooley KL, Brody SL, Taylor JSA, Liu Y. Antisense peptide nucleic acid-functionalized cationic nanocomplex for in vivo mRNA detection. Interface Focus 2013; 3:20120059. [PMID: 24427537 PMCID: PMC3638413 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex syndrome with many aetiologies, resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the host, followed by dyspnoea, hypoxemia and pulmonary oedema. A central mediator is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that drives the production of NO and continued inflammation. Thus, it is useful to have diagnostic and therapeutic agents for targeting iNOS expression. One general approach is to target the precursor iNOS mRNA with antisense nucleic acids. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have many advantages that make them an ideal platform for development of antisense theranostic agents. Their membrane impermeability, however, limits biological applications. Here, we report the preparation of an iNOS imaging probe through electrostatic complexation between a radiolabelled antisense PNA-YR9 · oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) hybrid and a cationic shell-cross-linked knedel-like nanoparticle (cSCK). The Y (tyrosine) residue was used for (123)I radiolabelling, whereas the R9 (arginine9) peptide was included to facilitate cell exit of untargeted PNA. Complete binding of the antisense PNA-YR9 · ODN hybrid to the cSCK was achieved at an 8 : 1 cSCK amine to ODN phosphate (N/P) ratio by a gel retardation assay. The antisense PNA-YR9 · ODN · cSCK nanocomplexes efficiently entered RAW264.7 cells, whereas the PNA-YR9 · ODN alone was not taken up. Low concentrations of (123)I-labelled antisense PNA-YR9 · ODN complexed with cSCK showed significantly higher retention of radioactivity when iNOS was induced in lipopolysaccharide+interferon-γ-activated RAW264.7 cells when compared with a mismatched PNA. Moreover, statistically, greater retention of radioactivity from the antisense complex was also observed in vivo in an iNOS-induced mouse lung after intratracheal administration of the nanocomplexes. This study demonstrates the specificity and sensitivity by which the radiolabelled nanocomplexes can detect iNOS mRNA in vitro and in vivo and their potential for early diagnosis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ritu Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sean P. Gunsten
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Shrestha R, Shen Y, Pollack KA, Taylor JSA, Wooley KL. Dual peptide nucleic acid- and peptide-functionalized shell cross-linked nanoparticles designed to target mRNA toward the diagnosis and treatment of acute lung injury. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:574-85. [PMID: 22372643 PMCID: PMC3321742 DOI: 10.1021/bc200629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, multifunctional biosynthetic hybrid nanostructures were prepared and studied for their potential utility in the recognition and inhibition of mRNA sequences for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which are overexpressed at sites of inflammation, such as in cases of acute lung injury. Shell cross-linked knedel-like polymer nanoparticles (SCKs) that present peptide nucleic acids, for binding to complementary mRNAs, and cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), to gain cell entry, along with fluorescent labels and sites for radiolabeling, were prepared by a series of robust, efficient, and versatile synthetic steps that proceeded from monomers to polymers to functional nanoparticles. Amphiphilic block graft copolymers having combinations of methoxy- and thioacetyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and DOTA-lysine units grafted from the backbone of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and extending with a backbone segment of poly(octadecyl acrylate-co-decyl acrylate) (P(ODA-co-DA)) were prepared by a combination of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and chemical modification reactions, which were then used as the building blocks for the formation of well-defined SCKs decorated with reactive thiols accessible to the surface. Fluorescent labeling with Alexa Fluor 633 hydrazide was then accomplished by amidation with residual acrylic acid residues within the SCK shells. Finally, the PNAs and CPP units were covalently conjugated to the SCKs via Michael addition of thiols on the SCKs to maleimide units on the termini of PNAs and CPPs. Confirmation of the ability of the PNAs to bind selectively to the target iNOS mRNAs when tethered to the SCK nanoparticles was determined by in vitro competition experiments. When attached to the SCKs having a hydrodynamic diameter of 60 ± 16 nm, the K(d) values of the PNAs were ca. an order of magnitude greater than the free PNAs, while the mismatched PNA showed no significant binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Shrestha
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Kevin A. Pollack
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
| | - John-Stephen A. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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