A New Synthesis of Poly Heterocyclic Compounds Containing [1,2,4]triazolo and [1,2,3,4]tetrazolo Moieties and their DFT Study as Expected Anti-cancer Reagents

Depicted simulation model for removal of second-generation antipsychotic drugs adsorbed on Zn-MOF: adsorption locator assessment

CONTEXT

Electronic durable behavior on the material surface was accompanied by a class of antipsychotic drugs (APD) to describe the surface modification in the designed adsorption model. Hierarchically Zn-MOF system was utilized for estimating its capacity for drug molecule removal. Geometrically optimized strategy on the studied systems was performed using DFT/GGA/PBE. FMOs analysis was depicted based on the same level of calculations, and molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEP) was generated for unadsorbed and adsorbed systems to illustrate the variation in the surface-active sites. By interpreting the electronic density of states (DOS), the atomic orbital can be identified as a major or minor electronic distribution by PDOS graph. Adsorption locating behavior was considered to detect the significant surface interaction mode between APD and Zn-MOF surface based on lower adsorption energy. The stability of the adsorbed model was best described through dynamic simulation analysis with time through elevated temperatures. The non-covalent interactions were described using RDG/NCI analysis to show the major favorable surface interaction predicting the highly stable adsorption system.

METHODS

The most accurate geometrical computations were performed using the materials studio software followed by surface cleavage and vacuum slab generation. The first principle of DFT was used to apply CASTEP module with GGA/PBE method for band structure and DOS calculations. Three systems of antipsychotic drugs were computationally studied using CASTEP simulation package and adsorbed on an optimized Zn-MOF surface. Adsorption locator module predicted the preferred adsorption mechanistic models, in which the first model was arranged to be more stable, to confirm the occurrence of some interactions in the adsorption mechanism.

Neuroprotective potentials of ferulic acid against intracerebral hemorrhage COVID-19 through using network pharmacology approach and molecular docking analysis

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to severe stroke subtype that may be life-threatening or even cause death. It is clinically observed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with the high mortality in ICH patients. Ferulic acid, one of the functional bioactive ingredients from medicinal herbs, has been preclinically proven with beneficial activities, including neuroprotection and anti-inflammation actions. Based on current findings, we assumed that ferulic acid may play the potentials against COVID-19 when ICH. In this study, preclinical approach including network pharmacology and molecular docking was applied to detect and identify the core targets and pharmacological mechanisms involved in ferulic acid on COVID-19 and ICH. The network pharmacology analysis identified total eleven core targets in ferulic acid and COVID-19/ICH. The molecular mechanisms of ferulic acid against COVID-19 and ICH were mostly involved in induction of antiviral activity, modulation of inflammatory reaction. Molecular docking model revealed that ferulic acid might effectively bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein based on strong binding capability. Current findings reflected the preclinical pharmacological activities of ferulic acid that might use for management of COVID-19 and ICH. Although there are the limitations that are absence of experimental validation, these bioinformatic results underline that ferulic acid may exert simultaneous potentials against COVID-19 and ICH through modulating integrative mechanisms and key biotargets.

A perception into binary and ternary copper (II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, DFT modeling, antimicrobial activity, protein binding screen, and amino acid interaction

Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages is the third goal of the sustainable development plan, so it was necessary to identify the most important problems that threaten health in our world. The World Health Organization declared that antibiotic resistance is one of the uppermost global public health threats facing humanity and searching for new antibiotics is slow. This problem can be approached by improving available drugs to combat various bacterial threats. To circumvent bacterial resistance, three copper(II) complexes based on the pefloxacin drug were prepared and characterized using analytical, spectroscopic, and thermal techniques. The resulting data suggested the formation of one octahedral binary and two distorted square pyramidal ternary complexes. Fluorescence spectra results revealed the formation of a turn-on fluorophore for amino acid detection. Computational calculations investigated quantum and reactivity parameters. Molecular electrostatic potential profiles and noncovalent bond interaction-reduced density gradient analysis indicated the active sites on the complex surface. The complexes were subjected to six microbial species, where the octahedral binary complex provoked its antimicrobial potency in comparison with ternary complexes. The enhanced antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacterium E-coli compared to gentamicin was exhibited by the three complexes. Docking simulation was performed based on the crystal structure of E. coli and S. pneumoniae receptors using 5I2D and 6O15 codes. The binary complex exhibited a potent fitness score with 5I2D (TBE = - 107 kcal/mol) while ternary complexes displayed the highest docked score of fitness with 6O15.

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction in peripheral neurotoxicity treatment using network pharmacology and molecular docking

In this study, we predicted the core active compounds of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction in treatment of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and the related potential mechanism. Corresponding database was used to complete the interaction (PPI) network of key targets and the enrichment analysis of corresponding genmes. Molecular docking of key targets and key compounds was carried out using relevant software. The 60 chemical components corresponding to the oral absorption of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction correspond to 157 unique targets, and the 233 chemical components corresponding to percutaneous absorption in vitro correspond to 155 unique targets. There were 1074 unique targets for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Finally, three common key targets (SLC6A2, SLC6A3, and SLC6A4) and two key compounds (6-Gingerol and nuciferin) were screened according to the above three target datasets. The results showed that The PPI network of common key targets involved 23 associated proteins. In the related GO enrichment results, there were 33 items related to biological processes, 13 items related to cell composition, 21 items related to molecular function, and four KEGG pathway enrichments. L1000 kinase and GPCR perturbation analysis showed that the associated protein had an effect on the expression of multiple groups of kinase genes. HPA revealed that the enrichment of three common key targets was tissue-specific. The docking results showed that the 6 groups were structurally stable. The oral and topical use of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction can prevent and control peripheral neurotoxicity. The prevention and control effects may be related to its participation in the regulation of neurotransmitter transport, sympathetic activity, and transport. The histological parts of the mechanism are mainly distributed in the adrenal gland, placenta, brain, intestine, and lung, the blood is not specific. According to the prediction results of molecular docking, 6-Gingerol and nuciferin can closely bind to three common key targets.

Synthesis, screening as potential antitumor of new poly heterocyclic compounds based on pyrimidine-2-thiones

Background

Continuing our interest in preparing of new heterocyclic compounds and examining their various biological activities, this work was designed to prepare new condensed and non-condensed heterocyclic compounds 9a-c, 10a-c, 11a-c, 13a-c and 14a-c were synthesized starting with pyrimidine-2-thiones 4a-c.

Results

Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines 9a-c were synthesized by S-alkylation of pyrimidine-2-thiones,4a-c, internal cyclization in alkaline medium with ammonia, condensation with benzaldehyde and finally reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.[1,2,4]thiadiazolo[4,5-a]pyrimidines 11a-c were formed by heating of the 4a-c with benzoylcholride to afford 10a-c followed by reaction with sodium hypochlorite, ammonia and sodium hydroxide. Cyclocondensation of 4a-c with ethyl acetoacetate or formic acid yielded pyrazol-3-ones 13a-c or [1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines 14a-c, respectively Elements analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectra were used to validate the structures of newly synthesized heterocycles. Screening of the selected compounds 4a, 6a, 7a, 9a, 10a, 13a and 14a against colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG-2).

Conclusions

Elements analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectra were used to validate the structures of newly synthesized heterocycles. Screening of the selected compounds 4a, 6a, 7a, 9a, 10a, 13a and 14a against colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG-2) showed that compound 10a exhibited the most cytotoxic, while compounds 4a, 6a and 14a exhibited considerable cytotoxic activity.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-022-00810-4.

Computational details of molecular structure, spectroscopic properties, topological studies and SARS-Cov-2 enzyme molecular docking simulation of substituted triazolo pyrimidine thione heterocycles

Investigation the molecular structure of the system requires a detailed experience in dealing with theoretical computational guides to highlight its important role. Molecular structure of three heterocyclic compounds 8,10-diphenylpyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine-3(2H)-thione (HL), 8-phenyl-10-(p-tolyl)pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine-3(2H)-thione (CH3L) and10-(4-nitrophenyl)-8-phenylpyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine-3(2H)-thione (NO2L) was studied at DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level in ethanol solvent. Spectroscopic properties such Infrared (IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) analyses were computed. Some quantum and reactivity parameters (HOMO energy, LUMO energy, energy gap, ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical potential, global softness, lipophelicity) were studied, also molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was performed to indicate the reactive nucleophilic and electrophilic sites. The effects of H-, CH3- and NO2- substituents on heterocyclic ligands were studied and it was found that the electron donation sites concerned with hydrogen and methyl substituents over nitro substituent. Topological analysis using reduced density gradient (RDG) was discussed in details. To predict the relevant antiviral activity of the reported heterocyclic compounds, molecular docking simulation was applied to the crystal structure of SARS-Cov-2 viral Mpro enzyme with 6WTT code and PLpro with 7JRN code. The enzymatic viral protein gives an image about the binding affinity between the target protein receptor and the heterocyclic ligands entitled. The hydrogen bonding interactions were evaluated from molecular docking with different strength for each ligand compound to discuss the efficiency of heterocyclic ligands toward viral inhibition.

Synthesis and Screening of New [1,3,4]Oxadiazole, [1,2,4]Triazole, and [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents on the Colon Carcinoma Cell Line (HCT-116)

New derivatives of [1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-thione and triazole-3-thione were synthesized through the cyclocondensation of dicarbonyl ester 2 with phenyl hydrazine followed by hydrazinolysis to give the corresponding hydrazide, which reacted with carbon disulfide or ammonium thiocyanate to afford [1,3,4]oxadiazole 5 or triazole-3-thione 7, respectively. Hydrazinolysis of compound 5 gave [1,2,4]triazole-3-thiol 9 which was treated with different aromatic aldehydes to obtain 10a-c. Mannich bases 11a-c were obtained from the reaction of Schiff bases 10a-c with morpholine and formaldehyde. Moreover, treatment of triazole-3-thione 7 with hydrazine was followed by cyclocondensation with diethyl oxalate, chloroacetic acid, or formic acid to give the corresponding [1,2,4]triazine-3,4-dione 14, [1,2,4]triazin-4-one 15, or [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4] triazole 16, respectively. Screening of some chosen synthesized compounds against the human colon carcinoma cancer cell lines showed that the compound [1,2,4]triazole-3-thiol 9 exhibiting cytotoxic activity was roughly equivalent to standard Vinblastine, while compounds 4, 7, 10, 11a, 14, and 16 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity.

Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Azo Dyes Derived from 2-amino-3-cyano-4.6- diarylpyridines and Investigation of its Absorption Spectra and Stability using the DFT

INTRODUCTION

In continuation of our interest in 2-amino-3-cyano-4.6-diarylpyridines reactions in various fields of organic chemistry which were previously used for the synthesis of many heterocyclic compounds and where dyes generally have many applications especially when benzene or anthraquinone azo dyes are replaced with heterocyclic azo dyes so new derivatives of heterocyclic azo dyes derived from 2-amino-3-cyano- 4.6-diarylpyridines were prepared.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The IR spectra (KBr), NMR, elemental microanalyses and mass spectra, were performed at different faculties of science in Egypt. Absorption spectra were recorded on Unicam SP 750 in DMF and acetone using 1x 10^-5 mol l^-1 of dye concentration. Optimization was performed using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT by applying Becke's three-parameter hybrid exchange functional with Lee- Yang-Parr gradient-corrected correlation (B3LYP functional). The chemical reagents used in the synthesis were purchased from Fluka, Sigma and Aldrich.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The structure of the preparing Heterocyclic azo dyes is proven using spectroscopic tools and elemental analysis, and investigation of its absorption spectra indicate the effect of both solvent and substituent on absorption maximum. DFT calculations were performed on some of the selected dyes.

CONCLUSION

Structures of newly synthesized heterocyclic azo dyes were confirmed using elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectral data. DFT theory was used in explaining the electronic properties of some selected dyes, where the energy gap can help in understanding the reactivity behaviour and stability of these compounds. Absorption spectra indicate the effect of both solvent and substituent on absorption maximum.