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Ma T, Zhong X, Yang Y, Liu W, Guo B, Fan J, Tang L, Fan L, Li Y. Synthesis and evaluation of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives as potential antifungal agents against phytopathogenic fungi. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10739-y. [PMID: 37847466 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
To discover novel and effective potential agricultural antifungal agents, various kinds of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives were designed, and synthesized from available and inexpensive reagents. Their antifungal activities were first evaluated against ten typical phytopathogenic fungi. The in vitro antifungal activity showed that some compounds exhibited more obvious broad-spectrum fungicidal activity than the two commercially-available fungicides chlorothalonil and hymexazol. Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea strains exhibited the highest susceptibility with EC50 values of 1.4-27.0 μg/mL to more than ten compounds. Compounds 5c and 5f showed the most promising inhibitory effects against Valsa mali (EC50 = 5.6 μg/mL) and Fusarium solani (EC50 = 5.1 μg/mL), respectively. Preliminary studies on the mechanism of action indicated that the imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline skeleton likely exerted its antifungal effects by disrupting hyphal differentiation, spore germination, and germ tube growth. Moreover, the cell experiment results indicated that these target compounds possessed good safety to BV2 cells. Overall, compounds 5c and 5f can be considered candidate compounds against specific fungi for further detailed research. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline scaffolds as novel fungicides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigui Ma
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhong
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Judi Fan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
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Mravljak J, Slavec L, Hrast M, Sova M. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of 2-Substituted Quinazolin-4( 3H)-ones. Molecules 2021; 26:6585. [PMID: 34770996 PMCID: PMC8588455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazolinones represent an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry with diverse biological activities. Here, two series of 2-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant properties using three different methods, namely DPPH, ABTS and TEACCUPRAC, to obtain key information about the structure-antioxidant activity relationships of a diverse set of substituents at position 2 of the main quinazolinone scaffold. Regarding the antioxidant activity, ABTS and TEACCUPRAC assays were more sensitive and gave more reliable results than the DPPH assay. To obtain antioxidant activity of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one, the presence of at least one hydroxyl group in addition to the methoxy substituent or the second hydroxyl on the phenyl ring in the ortho or para positions is required. An additional ethylene linker between quinazolinone ring and phenolic substituent, present in the second series (compounds 25a and 25b), leads to increased antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in addition to antioxidant activity, the derivatives with two hydroxyl groups in the ortho position on the phenyl ring exhibited metal-chelating properties. Our study represents a successful use of three different antioxidant activity evaluation methods to define 2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one 21e as a potent antioxidant with promising metal-chelating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matej Sova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.M.); (L.S.); (M.H.)
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Hricovíniová J, Hricovíniová Z, Kozics K. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and DNA-Protective Potential of 2,3-Substituted Quinazolinones: Structure-Activity Relationship Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E610. [PMID: 33435390 PMCID: PMC7828088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of antioxidant compounds that counteract the mutagenic effects caused by the direct action of reactive oxygen species on DNA molecule is of considerable interest. Therefore, a series of 2,3-substituted quinazolinone derivatives (Q1-Q8) were investigated by different assays, and the relationship between their biological properties and chemical structure was examined. Genotoxicity and the potential DNA-protective effects of Q1-Q8 were evaluated by comet assay and DNA topology assay. Antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH-radical-scavenging, reducing-power, and total antioxidant status (TAS) assays. The cytotoxic effect of compounds was assessed in human renal epithelial cells (TH-1) and renal carcinoma cells (Caki-1) by MTT assay. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship disclosed significant differences in the activity depending on the substitution pattern. Derivatives Q5-Q8, bearing electron-donating moieties, were the most potent members of this series. Compounds were not genotoxic and considerably decreased the levels of DNA lesions induced by oxidants (H2O2, Fe2+ ions). Furthermore, compounds exhibited higher cytotoxicity in Caki-1 compared to that in TH-1 cells. Substantial antioxidant effect and DNA-protectivity along with the absence of genotoxicity suggested that the studied quinazolinones might represent potential model structures for the development of pharmacologically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hricovíniová
- Cancer Research Institute BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Hricovíniová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Kozics
- Cancer Research Institute BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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