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Wu Y, Chu L, Yang H, Wang W, Zhang Q, Yang J, Qiao S, Li X, Shen Z, Zhou Y, Liu S, Deng H. Simultaneous Determination of 6 Antiretroviral Drugs in Human Hair Using an LC-ESI+-MS/MS Method: Application to Adherence Assessment. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:756-765. [PMID: 33587427 PMCID: PMC8355263 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of antiretroviral drugs in hair is receiving considerable research interest to assess long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Currently in China, lamivudine, zidovudine, nevirapine, efavirenz, ritonavir, and lopinavir are combined as first-line and second-line free therapy regimens and are recommended for people living with HIV (PLWH). Simultaneous determination of the 6 antiretroviral drugs in human hair is important for accurately and widely assessing long-term adherence in Chinese PLWH receiving different ART regimens. METHODS Six drugs were extracted from 10-mg hair samples incubated in methanol for 16 hours at 37°C and then analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using a mobile phase of 95% methanol, with an electrospray ionization source in multiple reaction monitoring and positive mode. RESULTS The LC-ESI+-MS/MS method exhibited a linear range (R2 > 0.99) within 6-5000, 10-5000, 6-50,000, 12-50,000, 8-5000, and 8-12,500 pg/mg for lamivudine, zidovudine, nevirapine, efavirenz, ritonavir, and lopinavir. For all 6 drugs, the limits of quantification ranged between 6 and 12 pg/mg. The intraday and interday coefficients of variation were within 15%, and the recoveries ranged from 91.1% to 113.7%. Furthermore, the other validation parameters (ie, selectivity, matrix effect, stability, and carryover) met the acceptance criteria stipulated by guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Significant intergroup differences were observed between high-adherence and low-adherence groups, with high intercorrelations in the hair content of the 6 drugs. CONCLUSIONS The developed method demonstrated good reliability, to comprehensively and accurately assess adherence in PLWH receiving different ART regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuxi Chu
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Institute of Applied Psychology and School of Public Administration, Hohai University
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing; and
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Unit of AIDS Prevention and Control, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- Unit of AIDS Prevention and Control, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Shuaifeng Liu
- Unit of AIDS Prevention and Control, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Ganna A, Vaithiyanathan SJ, V P P, P V. Multiresponse Optimization of HPLC Method: Simultaneous Estimation of Protease Inhibitors and NNRTI in Human Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2021:bmab067. [PMID: 34089041 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiresponse optimization approach to develop a simple isocratic, highly sensitive and accurate HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Efavirenz, Atazanavir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir in human blood plasma along with carvedilol as an internal standard. Optimized the factors (ACN, buffer concentration and flow rate) effecting and interacting with the responses (k1, Rs2,1, Rs3,2 and tR5) applying Central Composite Design a chemometric tool. All the mathematical models as well as response surfaces were defined and derived for the separation using this strategy. Chromatography was performed on Thermo Hypersil C18 column using mobile phase comprising of ACN: 10 mM KH2PO4 (51.2:48.8) with 1 mL min-1 flow rate and detection wavelength was fixed at 210 nm. The analysis time was within 9 min. The method developed was validated by following "Bioanalytical method validation" [USFDA-CDER, 2001]. The developed method can be applied for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Ganna
- Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, 522101, India
| | | | - Pandey V P
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, TN 608002, India
| | - Venkatesan P
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, TN 608002, India
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