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Alsaab HO, Alaqile AF, Alsaeedi RN, Alzahrani MS, Almutairy B. Long journey on the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in acute kidney injury (AKI). Pathol Res Pract 2024; 263:155591. [PMID: 39288476 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high rate of morbidity, death, and medical expenses, making it a worldwide public health problem. There are still few viable treatment plans for AKI despite medical advancements. A subclass of non-coding RNAs with over 200 nucleotides in length, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a wide range of biological roles. Lately, lncRNAs have become important mediators of AKI and prospective biomarkers. However, current studies show that, via constructing the lncRNA/microRNA/target gene regulatory axis, abnormal expression of lncRNAs has been connected to significant pathogenic processes associated with AKI, such as the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. In order to compete with mRNAs for binding to the same miRNAs and affect the expression of transcripts targeted by miRNAs, lncRNAs may function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). The most widely used approach for researching the biological roles of lncRNAs is the construction of ceRNA regulation networks. Our goal in this article is to deliver an updated review of lncRNAs in AKI and to provide more knowledge on their possible applications as therapeutic targets and AKI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atheer F Alaqile
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rahaf N Alsaeedi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad S Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bandar Almutairy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang L, Wang H, Luo Y, Wu W, Gui Y, Zhao J, Xiong R, Li X, Yuan D, Yuan C. Role of LncRNA MIAT in Diabetic Complications. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1716-1725. [PMID: 37711129 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230914091944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) refers to a large class of RNAs with over 200 nucleotides that do not have the function of encoding proteins. In recent years, more and more literature has revealed that lncRNA is involved in manipulating genes related to human health and disease, playing outstanding biological functions, which has attracted widespread attention from researchers. The newly discovered long-stranded non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-related transcript (LncRNA MIAT) is abnormally expressed in a variety of diseases, especially in diabetic complications, and has been proven to have a wide range of effects. This review article aimed to summarize the importance of LncRNA MIAT in diabetic complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy, and highlight the latest findings on the pathway and mechanism of its participation in regulating diabetic complications, which may aid in finding new intervention targets for the treatment of diabetic complications. LncRNA MIAT competitively binds microRNAs to regulate gene expression as competitive endogenous RNAs. Thus, this review article has reviewed the biological function and pathogenesis of LncRNA MIAT in diabetic complications and described its role in diabetic complications. This paper will help in finding new therapeutic targets and intervention strategies for diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yiyang Luo
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yibei Gui
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jiale Zhao
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Ruisi Xiong
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
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Yan B, Li Z, Su H, Xue H, Qiu D, Xu Z, Tan G. Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy-related ncRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178310. [PMID: 38146458 PMCID: PMC10749346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolic diseases have been tormented and are plaguing people worldwide due to the lack of effective and thorough medical interventions and the poor understanding of their pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are heterogeneous transcripts that cannot encode the proteins but can affect the expressions of other genes. Autophagy is a fundamental mechanism for keeping cell viability, recycling cellular contents through the lysosomal pathway, and maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment. There is growing evidence that ncRNAs, autophagy, and crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy play complex roles in progression of metabolic bone disease. This review investigated the complex mechanisms by which ncRNAs, mainly micro RNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), regulate autophagic pathway to assist in treating bone metabolism disorders. It aimed at identifying the autophagy role in bone metabolism disorders and understanding the role, potential, and challenges of crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy for bone metabolism disorders treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Yan
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Daodi Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Lei HT, Wang JH, Yang HJ, Wu HJ, Nian FH, Jin FM, Yang J, Tian XM, Wang HD. LncRNA-mediated cell autophagy: An emerging field in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115716. [PMID: 37866000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on the mechanism of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has remained in the initial stages, and the mechanism has not been fully elucidated to date. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in RA bone destruction via autophagy, but the specific regulatory mechanism of lncRNA-mediated autophagy is unclear. Therefore, in this article, we review the mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated autophagy in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and chondrocytes in RA bone destruction. We explain that lncRNAs mediate autophagy and participate in many specific pathological processes of RA bone destruction by regulating signalling pathways and the expression of target genes. Specific lncRNAs can be used as markers for molecular diagnosis, mechanistic regulation, treatment and prognosis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Lei
- The Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Jin-Hai Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yang
- The Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Hai-Juan Wu
- The Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Fang-Hong Nian
- The Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Fang-Mei Jin
- The Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xue-Mei Tian
- The Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Wang
- The Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China.
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Tumor-derived exosomal lincRNA ROR promotes angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 66:101868. [PMID: 36183926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are expressed aberrantly in several malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), where linc-ROR expression was found to be elevated. Being a hallmark of malignant tumors, angiogenesis has prompted us to investigate the impact of linc-ROR on NPC angiogenesis. This study demonstrates that linc-ROR is substantially expressed in serum exosomes from NPC and can be taken up by HUVECs. Using qRT-PCR, the CCK8 test, the transwell migration assay, the wound healing assay, and the tube formation assay, we demonstrated that linc-ROR increases proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Similar to prior research, our results have shown that linc-ROR can stimulate tumor angiogenesis in the zebrafish model. Thus, the p-AKT/p-VEGFR2 pathway is the mechanism by which linc-ROR affects the aforementioned biological activities. By stimulating angiogenesis, linc-ROR appears to play a significant role in the course of NPC and could account for a therapeutic target.
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[Regulation of long non-coding RNA in signal pathways related to osteogenic differentiation]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2022; 36:479-486. [PMID: 35426289 PMCID: PMC9011078 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in signal pathways related to osteogenic differentiation. METHODS Relevant domestic and foreign researches in recent years were consulted. The characteristics and biological functions of lncRNA were introduced, and the specific mechanism of lncRNA regulating related signal pathways in osteogenic differentiation was elaborated. RESULTS The exertion and maintenance of normal function of bone requires the closed coordination of transcription networks and signal pathways. However, most of these signal pathways or networks are dysregulated under pathological conditions that affect bone homeostasis. lncRNA can regulate the differentiation of various bone cells by activating or inhibiting signal pathways to achieve the balance of bone homeostasis, thereby reversing the pathological state of bones and achieving the purpose of treating bone metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION At present, the research on the mechanism of lncRNA regulating various osteogenic differentiation pathways is still in the early stage. Its in-depth regulator mechanism, especially the cross-talk of complex signal pathways needs to be further studied. And how to apply these molecular targets to clinical treatment is also a big challenge.
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Wang F, Zhang F, Zheng F. lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 promotes bone formation by inhibiting miR‑98‑5p/Tbx5 axis in MC3T3‑E1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:194. [PMID: 35126697 PMCID: PMC8794546 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding (lnc)RNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (Kcnq1ot1) has been shown to regulate multiple biological processes. However, the functional role of Kcnq1ot1 in osteoporosis and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the function of lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 in osteogenic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured using an ALP assay kit. Western blotting was performed to assess the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-associated proteins. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect Kcnq1ot1, microRNA (miR)-98-5p and T-box transcription factor 5 (Tbx5) expression levels. The binding of Kcnq1ot1 with miR-98-5p and that of miR-98-5p with Tbx5 were predicted by starBase and TargetScan databases, respectively, and verified using dual luciferase reporter assays. The mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells was observed using an Alizarin red S staining assay. The results revealed that expression of Kcnq1ot1 was increased and that of miR-98-5p was decreased during osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, Kcnq1ot1 was shown to target miR-98-5p and inhibit its expression. Inhibiting miR-98-5p reversed the inhibitory effect of Kcnq1ot1 knockdown on osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, Kcnq1ot1 regulated Tbx5 expression via miR-98-5p. Overexpressing miR-98-5p or downregulating Tbx5 expression reversed the promotive effect of Kcnq1ot1 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. In conclusion, these findings suggested that Kcnq1ot1 may promote bone formation by inhibiting miR-98-5p and upregulating Tbx5. Kcnq1ot1, miR-98-5p and Tbx5 may therefore serve as promising targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdong, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Fucai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdong, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdong, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
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Medhat E, Ayeldeen G, Hosni Ahmed H, Shaker O, Gheita T, Salama Ashour S. HOTAIR and THRIL Long Non Coding RNAs and Their Target Genes in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:614-621. [PMID: 35291607 PMCID: PMC8903355 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthtritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by irreversible joint damage and deformity. The aim of this study is to investigate THRIL and HOTAIR serum expression and their target genes in Egyptian RA patients and to evaluate their relationship to the clinico-pathological data. METHODS The present study included fifty-two RA patients and fifty-six healthy controls. RA patients were classified according to DAS28 score. All subjects were subjected to full history taking and clinical examination. Quantitative real time PCR was done to estimate the expression levels of serum THRIL and HOTAIR as well as their target genes tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) were estimated by ELISA techniques. RESULTS Results revealed that both THRIL and HOTAIR were statistically over expressed in RA patients compared to healthy group with p-value< 0.05. Results showed as well that the target genes for those long-non coding RNAs, TNF-α and MMP-2, were also significantly higher in RA patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION Both THRIL and HOTAIR associated with their target genes, can be considered as diagnostic markers for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Medhat
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
- Corresponding author: Engy Medhat; Tel: 002 01002975847; E-mail:
| | - Ghada Ayeldeen
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
| | - Hanan Hosni Ahmed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
| | - Tamer Gheita
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
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Qian TY, Wan H, Huang CY, Hu XJ, Yao WF. OUP accepted manuscript. Lab Med 2022; 53:446-452. [PMID: 35311990 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Yong Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ci-You Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Ye Y, Ke Y, Liu L, Xiao T, Yu J. CircRNA FAT1 Regulates Osteoblastic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via miR-4781-3p/SMAD5 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5177488. [PMID: 35003269 PMCID: PMC8731273 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5177488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to differentiate into osteoblasts is significant in periodontal regeneration tissue engineering. In this study, we explored the role and mechanism of circRNA FAT1 (circFAT1) in the osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs. The proliferation capacity of PDLSCs was evaluated by EdU and CCK-8 assay. The abilities of circFAT1 and miR-4781-3p in regulating PDLSC differentiation were analyzed by western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alizarin red staining (ARS). A nucleocytoplasmic separation experiment was utilized for circFAT1 localization. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding relationship between miR-4781-3p and circFAT1. It was showed that circFAT1 does not affect the proliferation of PDLSCs. The osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was benefited from circFAT1, which serves as a miRNA sponge for miR-4781-3p targeting SMAD5. Both knockdown of circFAT1 and overexpression of miR-4781-3p suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Thus, circFAT1 might be considered as a potential target of PDLSCs mediated periodontal bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University & Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University & Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University & Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University & Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University & Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xu F, Li W, Yang X, Na L, Chen L, Liu G. The Roles of Epigenetics Regulation in Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619301. [PMID: 33569383 PMCID: PMC7868402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density and the destruction of bone microstructure, which can lead to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on the pathological mechanism of osteoporosis, the research on epigenetics has made significant progress. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels that are not caused by changes in gene sequences, mainly including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs (lncRNA, microRNA, and circRNA). Epigenetics play mainly a post-transcriptional regulatory role and have important functions in the biological signal regulatory network. Studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are closely related to osteogenic differentiation, osteogenesis, bone remodeling and other bone metabolism-related processes. Abnormal epigenetic regulation can lead to a series of bone metabolism-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. Considering the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of bone metabolism, we mainly review the research progress on epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs) in the osteogenic differentiation and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis to provide a new direction for the treatment of bone metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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De Martinis M, Ginaldi L, Allegra A, Sirufo MM, Pioggia G, Tonacci A, Gangemi S. The Osteoporosis/Microbiota Linkage: The Role of miRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8887. [PMID: 33255179 PMCID: PMC7727697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of trillions of bacteria are present in the human body in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the host. A stable dynamic equilibrium exists in healthy individuals between the microbiota, host organism, and environment. Imbalances of the intestinal microbiota contribute to the determinism of various diseases. Recent research suggests that the microbiota is also involved in the regulation of the bone metabolism, and its alteration may induce osteoporosis. Due to modern molecular biotechnology, various mechanisms regulating the relationship between bone and microbiota are emerging. Understanding the role of microbiota imbalances in the development of osteoporosis is essential for the development of potential osteoporosis prevention and treatment strategies through microbiota targeting. A relevant complementary mechanism could be also constituted by the permanent relationships occurring between microbiota and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a set of small non-coding RNAs able to regulate gene expression. In this review, we recapitulate the physiological and pathological meanings of the microbiota on osteoporosis onset by governing miRNA production. An improved comprehension of the relations between microbiota and miRNAs could furnish novel markers for the identification and monitoring of osteoporosis, and this appears to be an encouraging method for antagomir-guided tactics as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Zhang X, Huang F, Chen X, Wu X, Zhu J. Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:875-884. [PMID: 32898934 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3, a ginsenoside isolated from Panax ginseng, can regulate autophagy via AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) signaling pathway. AMPK/mTOR signaling and autophagy have been reported to be involved in osteogenesis. Here, the effect of Rg3 on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis is explored. In vivo, rats were treated with 20 mg/kg Rg3 after OVX and the body weight (BW) was monitored. Bone mineral density (BMD), hematoxylin-eosin staining of femur tissues, osteogenesis, autophagy, and AMPK/mTOR signaling were analyzed. In vitro, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 100 μmol/L Rg3. 10 and 20 μmol/L Rg3, which had no significant effect on cell viability and significantly affected AMPK/mTOR signaling, were chosen for further analysis. Then osteogenic differentiation was induced with Rg3 or/and AMPK inhibitor (Compound C). AMPK/mTOR signaling, autophagy, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization by Alizarin Red staining were analyzed. The expression or activity of AMPK/mTOR signaling-related proteins, autophagy markers, and osteogenesis markers was measured by western blotting or commercial kits, and cell viability by cell counting kit-8 assay kits. Rg3 significantly alleviated OVX-induced BW increases, BMD declines and histological changes of femur tissues, promoted osteogenesis, autophagy, and AMPK signaling, but inhibited mTOR signaling in vivo. Moreover, Rg3 significantly enhanced AMPK signaling, autophagy, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization, but suppressed mTOR signaling in vitro. However, Compound C significantly reversed Rg3-induced alterations in vitro, indicating that Rg3 regulated autophagy, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization via AMPK/mTOR signaling. Hence, it was speculated that Rg3 might attenuate OVX-induced osteoporosis via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglan Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
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