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Cenzato N, Occhipinti C, D’amici E, Savadori P, Baldini B, Maspero C. Microbiological Analysis of Plaque and Its Composition in Three Patient Groups under Different Orthodontic Treatments. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:168. [PMID: 38920869 PMCID: PMC11203159 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article analyzes differences in microbiological parameters and periodontal health conditions among three patient groups: those undergoing conventional orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners, and a control group receiving no treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 60 patients were enrolled. The microbiological analysis employed a qualitative and semi-quantitative methodology of bacterial morphotype analysis. RESULTS The analyses revealed a significant difference in favor of clear oral and periodontal health aligners. This could be attributed to better bacterial biofilm removal and reduced mechanical stress on the periodontal ligament, factors facilitated by the ease of clear aligner removal. Significant differences (p-value < 0.05) were observed for the Full-Mouth Plaque Score, Full-Mouth Bleeding Score, Plaque Index, and periodontal health assessment measurements. CONCLUSIONS Although overall hygiene appears to be improved in patients in the aligners group compared to those treated with conventional orthodontic appliances, there are no statistically significant results regarding plaque composition. Microbiological aspects will be further addressed using more specific techniques in the follow-up of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Cenzato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy (C.O.); (E.D.); (C.M.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Occhipinti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy (C.O.); (E.D.); (C.M.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena D’amici
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy (C.O.); (E.D.); (C.M.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Savadori
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy (C.O.); (E.D.); (C.M.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Baldini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Maspero
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy (C.O.); (E.D.); (C.M.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Kim JE, Kim S, Kim DH. Comparison of oral health status, oral hygiene management behaviours and satisfaction of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance and clear aligner: A quasi-experimental design. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38659166 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the overall oral health statuses of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance and clear aligner, as well as their oral hygiene management behaviours and satisfaction. METHODS We selected 40 participants (20 each with fixed orthodontic devices and clear aligners) who visited a dental clinic. We conducted a survey to determine the oral hygiene management behaviours of the subjects and their satisfaction with their orthodontic treatment. Three measurements were also conducted at 4-week intervals to determine the oral health statuses of the subjects. RESULTS The Löe and Silness gingival index of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances indicated moderate gingivitis (1.1 ± 0.3), and those with clear aligners had mild gingivitis (0.6 ± 0.4) (p < 0.001). The modified O'Leary index also indicated that the degree of dental plaque deposition in the oral cavity was lower in patients treated with a clear aligner (43.0 ± 18.2 points) than in those treated with a fixed orthodontic (28.1 ± 10.9 points) (p = 0.004). Regarding oral hygiene management, the fixed orthodontic group received scaling more frequently (p = 0.006), received more oral health education (p < 0.001) and had a longer brushing time (p = 0.008) than the clear aligner group. No significant difference was observed in satisfaction between the fixed orthodontic appliance and the clear aligner. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the oral health status by orthodontic appliance type, the clear aligner group had the advantages of reduction in dental plaque attachment and gingival health. The fixed orthodontic group exhibited better oral hygiene management behaviours. Satisfaction with orthodontic treatment was found to be similar for the two device types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Bio-Health Convergence, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soojeong Kim
- Department of Health Administration, College of Bio-Health Convergence, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Bio-Health Convergence, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea
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Peron PF, Wehrbein H, Mundethu A, Schmidtmann I, Erbe C. Clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with multibracket appliances: a prospective clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 38443926 PMCID: PMC10913366 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the presented study was to investigate changes in clinical parameters and active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients before and during treatment with multibrackets appliances. METHODS Fifty-five adolescents scheduled for the treatment were included. Clinical parameters and subgingival samples were obtained at six time points: 1 week before appliance insertion (T0), 3 (T1), 6 (T2) weeks, 3 (T3), 6 (T4) months, and 1 year (T5) after that. Gingival index and plaque index were assessed to evaluated changes on the clinical status. Subgingival samples were collected to analyze changes in aMMP-8. RESULTS Scores for gingival and plaque index increased after bracket insertion. The gingival index increased from T2 (p < 0.05) until T5 (p < 0.0001). Plaque index also increased, reaching its maximum peak at T3 (p < 0.05). Moreover, an increase of aMMP-8 levels (p < 0.05) was noted. There was no significant between upper and lower jaws. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with multibracket appliances in adolescents favors dental plaque accumulation and may transitionally increase gingival and plaque index and aMMP-8 levels leading to gingival inflammation, even 1 year after therapy began. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the dental medical association Rheiland-Pfalz, Germany (process no. 837.340.12 (8441-F)), and followed the guidelines of Good Clinical Practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferrari Peron
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambili Mundethu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Erbe
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Karkazi F, Antoniadou M, Demeterová K, Konstantonis D, Margaritis V, Lysy J. Orthodontic Risk Perspectives among Orthodontists during Treatment: A Descriptive Pilot Study in Greece and Slovakia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:492. [PMID: 38391867 PMCID: PMC10887888 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores orthodontists' perspectives on risks associated with orthodontic treatment, as described by Greek and Slovak orthodontists. Informed by the foundational importance of effective communication of risk perspectives in health sciences, particularly in facilitating valid consent and shared decision-making, this research addresses gaps identified in the literature concerning the consistent communication of potential treatment risks based on demographic and cultural characteristics. This study identifies 15 potential critical risks during orthodontic treatment. These risks include root resorption; temporary undesired changes to the occlusion; sleep difficulties; not achieving an ideal result; development of black triangles between teeth; taking additional X-rays; speech difficulties; using a protective splint during sports; duration of treatment; number of visits; transmission of infectious diseases; and swallowing orthodontic appliances. A questionnaire, distributed electronically to orthodontists in Greece (N1 = 570) and Slovakia (N2 = 210) from September 2022 to December 2022, aimed to assess risk communication practices, taking into consideration socio-demographic factors, such as country, gender, age, and academic-degree-related variations. A total of 168 valid questionnaires (91 from Slovakia and 77 from Greece) were obtained, indicating significant disparities in the risks emphasized and preferred forms of consent. The Greek orthodontists focused more on the risks involved, such as relapse, root resorption, temporal occlusal changes, and failure of desired movement, while the Slovak practitioners tended to be more interested in sleeping difficulties, temporal occlusal changes, and not achieving an ideal result. They also obtained written or digital consent from patients or their parents/guardians more frequently than the Greek team. Male orthodontists discussed specific risks more frequently, including relapse and extractions, whereas females preferred written or digital consent. PhD-trained orthodontists prioritized certain risks, indicating the need for tailored approaches. This study underscores the dynamic nature of risk assessment in orthodontic practice, emphasizing its ethical and strategic dimensions. The findings advocate for tailored risk communication strategies that recognize individual, contextual, and cultural factors, and the need for an orthodontic informed consent protocol for a tailored communication approach for patients to elevate the standard of care in European orthodontics. The reliance on digital tools reflects contemporary trends in enhancing patient understanding, thereby supporting ongoing innovation in orthodontic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franzeska Karkazi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Maria Antoniadou
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Certified Systemic Analyst Executive Mastering Program, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Katarína Demeterová
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Juraj Lysy
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Matei MN, Popa PȘ, Covaci AM, Chipirliu O, Earar K, Stoica G, Zaharia AE, Maftei NM, Gurău G, Lisă EL, Zaharescu A. The Impact of Competitive Sports on Oral Health: Exploring Their Relationship with Salivary Oxidative Stress in Children. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2927. [PMID: 37998419 PMCID: PMC10671230 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This article explores the correlation between salivary biomarkers, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and their association with oral health for children in competitive sports. Saliva has emerged as a valuable resource for evaluating physiological and pathological conditions due to its non-invasive collection method and easy storage. This study examines the potential of GPX, TAC, and SOD as salivary biomarkers for assessing the impact of competitive sports on children's oral health. It discusses the potential implications of increased oxidative stress due to intense physical activity and the role of antioxidant defense mechanisms in maintaining oral health. In total, 173 children aged between 6 and 17 were divided into three groups, 58 hockey players, 55 football players, and 60 in the control group, and examined to assess their oral hygiene and dental and periodontal health. Saliva was collected, centrifuged, and the supernatant was analyzed for the relevant biomarkers. The findings seem to suggest that salivary biomarkers, like GPX, TAC, and SOD, might serve as indicators of the physiological response to competitive sports in children, as well as indicators of oral health, especially dental cavities, and periodontal disease. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the groups, with better values for athletes, regardless of age, sex, or activity type. Understanding the relationship between salivary biomarkers and competitive sports in children can have significant implications for monitoring and optimizing the health and performance of young athletes. Further research is needed to establish the specific associations between these biomarkers and the effects of several types and intensities of sports activities on oral health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Șerban Popa
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunărea de Jos University of Galați, 800181 Galați, Romania
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Navarrete C, Riquelme A, Baksai N, Pérez R, González C, Michea M, von Mühlenbrock H, Cafferata EA, Vernal R. Levels of Pro-Inflammatory and Bone-Resorptive Mediators in Periodontally Compromised Patients under Orthodontic Treatment Involving Intermittent Forces of Low Intensities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054807. [PMID: 36902236 PMCID: PMC10002573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic treatment, diverse cytokines, enzymes, and osteolytic mediators produced within the teeth surrounding periodontal tissues determine the rate of alveolar bone remodeling and consequent teeth movement. In patients with teeth presenting reduced periodontal support, periodontal stability should be ensured during orthodontic treatment. Thus, therapies based on the application of low-intensity intermittent orthodontic forces are recommended. To determine if this kind of treatment is periodontally well tolerated, this study aimed to analyze the production of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 in periodontal tissues of protruded anterior teeth with reduced periodontal support and undergoing orthodontic treatment. Patients with periodontitis-associated anterior teeth migration received non-surgical periodontal therapy and a specific orthodontic treatment involving controlled low-intensity intermittent orthodontic forces. Samples were collected before periodontitis treatment, after periodontitis treatment, and at 1 week to 24 months of the orthodontic treatment. During the 2 years of orthodontic treatment, no significant differences were detected in the probing depth, clinical attachment level, supragingival bacterial plaque, and bleeding on probing. In line with this, the gingival crevicular levels of RANKL, OPG, IL-6, IL-17A, and MMP-8 did not vary between the different evaluation time-points of the orthodontic treatment. When compared with the levels detected during the periodontitis, the RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly lower at all the analyzed time-points of the orthodontic treatment. In conclusion, the patient-specific orthodontic treatment based on intermittent orthodontic forces of low intensities was well tolerated by periodontally compromised teeth with pathological migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Navarrete
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Alejandro Riquelme
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Natalia Baksai
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Romina Pérez
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Claudia González
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - María Michea
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Hans von Mühlenbrock
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Pastor F, Rodriguez JC, Barrera JM, García-Menocal JAD, Brizuela A, Puigdollers A, Espinar E, Gil J. Effect of Fluoride Content of Mouthwashes on the Metallic Ion Release in Different Orthodontics Archwires. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2780. [PMID: 36833476 PMCID: PMC9956897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal ion release studies were carried out on three of the most commonly used orthodontic wires in the clinic: austenitic stainless steel, Ti-Mo, and superelastic NiTi, using three mouthwashes with different fluoride concentrations: 130, 200, and 380 ppm. Immersions were carried out in these mouthwashes at 37 °C for 1, 4, 7, and 14 days, and the ions released were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). All wires were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed a moderate ion release in the stainless steel wires, with nickel and chromium values of 500 and 1000 ppb in the worst conditions for the wires: concentrations of 380 ppm fluoride and 14 days of immersion. However, in the Ti-Mo and NiTi alloys, an abrupt change in release was observed when the samples were immersed in 380 ppm fluoride concentrations. Titanium releases in Ti-Mo wires reached 200,000 ppb, creating numerous pits on the surface. Under the same conditions, the release of Ni and Ti ions from the superelastic wires also exceeded 220,000 ppb and 180,000 ppb, respectively. This release of ions causes variations in the chemical composition of the wires, causing the appearance of martensite plates in the austenitic matrix after 4 days of immersion. This fact causes it to lose its superelastic properties at a temperature of 37 °C. In the case of immersion in 380 ppm mouthwashes for more than 7 days, rich-nickel precipitates can be seen. These embrittle the wire and lose all tooth-correcting properties. It should be noted that the release of Ni ions can cause hypersensitivity in patients, particularly women. The results indicate that the use of mouthwashes with a high content of fluoride should not be recommended with orthodontic archwires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pastor
- Department of Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez
- Department of Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José María Barrera
- Department of Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Angel Delgado García-Menocal
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aritza Brizuela
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C/del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andreu Puigdollers
- Department Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Espinar
- Department of Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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Padmanabhan DS. Nanotechnology in Orthodontics. Semin Orthod 2023. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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9
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Hodovanyi OV, Chukhray NL, Martovlos OI, Маrtovlos AI, Myhal ОO, Klyuchivska OY, Stoika RS. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOTOLERANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT GELS COMPOSED OF BENZYDAMINE AND FLAVONOIDS THAT WERE DEVELOPED FOR TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:2000-2007. [PMID: 37898936 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202309114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: Different gels composed of benzydamine and flavonoids that were developed for treatment of periodontal diseases in the orthodontic patients will be compared regarding their effects on survival of mammalian cells of various tissue origin and their DNA intactness. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Effect of different variants of patented gel composition «Benzidaflaziverdine» including a gel base and «Proteflazid®» containing flavonoids and benzydamine hydrochloride in powder form («T-Sept®») towards survival (MTT) of murine BALB-3T3 fibroblasts, J774.2 macrophages, human HaCaT keratinocytes was studied. Their effect on nativity of DNA of J774.2 macrophages was evaluated using DNA-comet assay. RESULTS Results: Three gel compositions were used. Sample 1 was prepared on gel basis including benzydamine in liquid form and demonstrated inhibitory effect towards pseudonormal murine BALB-3T3 fibroblasts and murine J774.2 macrophages, however, normal human НаСаТ keratinocytes were resistant to its action. Sample 2 included BH in powder form and it did not affect significantly НаСаТ keratinocytes аnd BALB-3T3 fibroblasts, but it suppressed J774.2 macrophages. Sample 3 («Benzidaflaziverdine») was developed and patented by us as a gel composed of benzydamine in powder form and flavonoid drops «Proteflazid®». It did not suppress tested mammalian cells and was not genotoxic (measured as % of DNA in comet tail and Olive Tail Moment) for murine J774.2 macrophages. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Inclusion of flavonoids in gel composition «Benzidaflaziverdine» blocked cytotoxic and genotoxic actions of benzydamine. Developed gel com¬position might be efficient in clinical periodontology, in particular, for treatment of periodontal diseases in orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Hodovanyi
- DANYLO HALYTSKYI LVIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LVIV, UKRAINE
| | | | | | - Andrew I Маrtovlos
- DANYLO HALYTSKYI LVIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LVIV, UKRAINE; DENTAL IMPLANTS AND PROSTHETICS CENTER «MM», LVIV, UKRAINE
| | - Оstap O Myhal
- DANYLO HALYTSKYI LVIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LVIV, UKRAINE
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10
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Effects of Laser Therapy on Periodontal Status in Adult Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112672. [DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment with fixed devices should only be indicated in case of a stable, non-active periodontal disease status. Throughout orthodontic treatment, a careful assessment of the periodontal status is advised. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, laser therapy is frequently used as an adjunct to classic periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages and limitations of the use of laser therapy on periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. Throughout the 9 months during which this placebo-controlled, single-blind clinical trial was conducted, 32 patients were included in the study, divided into two groups: microscope “+” (patients who observed the bacteria within the dental plaque-sample examination on the screen of a dark-field microscope in real time) and microscope “−” (patients who did not see the oral pathogens using a dark-field microscope). For all patients, using the split-mouth study design, laser therapy was applied to one hemiarch (HL), whereas the other hemiarch received treatment without active light (HC). After one month, by analyzing the main indicators of periodontal health status, we found that the plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) values were significantly decreased after receiving treatment (for PI: HL-p = 0.0005, HC-p = 0.0297; for BOP: HL-p = 0.0121, HC-p = 0.0236), whereas the probing-depth (PD) values remained almost the same as before treatment (HL-p = 1.5143; HC-p = 1.4762). Conclusions: The use of the dark-field microscope proved to be beneficial in sensitizing patients to the presence of bacteria in the oral cavity and motivated them to strictly follow the rules of oral hygiene. Laser treatment can be a valuable aid in periodontal therapy, but only in adjunction with mechanical therapy.
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Motivation of Adult Patients with Orthodontic Treatment in Maintaining Oral Hygiene. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In the last decades, adult patients require orthodontic treatment as a therapeutic method in an increasing percentage. This treatment has a lot of benefits, but unfortunately it also presents a number of complications and risks, among which favoring the accumulation of bacterial plaque is the most concerning.
Aim of the study: In this study we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using the dark-field microscope as a method of motivating adult patients with orthodontic treatment in maintaining a proper oral hygiene.
Material and methods: Thirty-six patients were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. At time T0, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1–microscope and Group 2 – control, in such a way that the groups were as homogeneous as possible. Dental plaque samples were collected and analyzed under a dark field microscope in the presence of the patient for subjects from Group 1 but not Group 2. All patients were then instructed on oral hygiene techniques. The following periodontal indices were recorded of each patient: plaque index (PI), index of bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) – at T0 and T1 (after one month).
Results: Comparing the PI and BOP values before (T0) and after treatment (T1), statistically significant results were detected (PI: p = 0.0020, BOP: p = 0.0297), which denotes that patients who observed the bacterial load of their dental plaque in real time using the dark-field microscope had a better oral hygiene and lower values of periodontal health indices. Regarding the PD index, the difference between time T0 and T1 was not statistically significant (p = 1.4762).
Conclusions: During the orthodontic treatment, adult patients often present gingival inflammation caused by improper hygiene. The use of the dark-field microscope is effective in motivating patients regarding the rules of maintenance of a proper oral hygiene.
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Mosaico G, Artuso G, Pinna M, Denotti G, Orrù G, Casu C. Host Microbiota Balance in Teenagers with Gum Hypertrophy Concomitant with Acne Vulgaris: Role of Oral Hygiene Associated with Topical Probiotics. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071344. [PMID: 35889063 PMCID: PMC9323849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gum hypertrophy is a very frequent condition linked to orthodontic treatment, especially in teenagers, and the same time, about 80% of young adults are affected by acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, typically treated with antibacterial therapy. The use of probiotics has gained popularity in the medical field, and many studies have demonstrated its effectiveness, such as the positive effects of some bacterial strains belonging to Lactobacillus species. The aim of this study is to document the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on facial skin that was randomly observed in two orthodontic patients. We present two case reports of a 14-year-old female patient and a 15-year-old male patient suffering from acne vulgaris who, during fixed orthodontic treatment, showed clinical signs of gingivitis with high values of Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). The patients were treated first with professional oral hygiene sessions and Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) procedures, and then with the administration of a formulate containing L. reuteri as a probiotic. The follow-up was made at four weeks. During the follow-up analysis, both patients showed a significant clinical remission for gum hypertrophy and skin acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mosaico
- Independent Researcher, 72100 Brindisi, Italy
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Mara Pinna
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Gloria Denotti
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Cinzia Casu
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.C.)
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13
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Condò R, Carli E, Cioffi A, Cataldi ME, Quinzi V, Casaglia A, Giancotti A, Pirelli P, Lucarini I, Maita F, Maiolo L, Mampieri G. Fluorinated Agents Effects on Orthodontic Alloys: A Descriptive In Vitro Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134612. [PMID: 35806740 PMCID: PMC9267448 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride-based mouthwashes and gels are preventive measures in countering demineralization and caries but, modifying environmental acidity, can reduce the wet corrosion resistance of orthodontic alloys. To evaluate chemical stability, in vitro experiments were conducted on stainless steel and nickel–titanium wires, weighed before and after immersion in household fluorinated mouthwashes and gels, measuring weight variations and elution of metal ions from acid corrosion phenomena. Elution samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, detecting residual ion concentration, while surface changes were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. Results showed stainless steel wires do not undergo significant erosion when exposed to most fluorinated mouthwashes but, at prolonged exposure, alloys elute gradually greater amounts of metals and Ni–Ti wires become more sensitive to some mouthwashes. Ions’ elution varies considerably, especially for Ni–Ti wires, if exposed to household fluorinated gels, for which significant negative values were obtained. Changes, affecting wires’ outer layer, negatively act on shiny appearance and luster, reducing corrosion resistance. Although examined orthodontic wires showed good chemical stability and low toxicity, surface corrosion from exposure to fluorinated agents was observed. Home use must be accompanied by clinician prescription and, for household dental gels, must follow manufacturers’ recommendations, ensuring prophylactic action without damaging alloys surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Condò
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-338-3393-285
| | - Elisabetta Carli
- Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cioffi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Elena Cataldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Quinzi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Adriano Casaglia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Aldo Giancotti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Paola Pirelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Ivano Lucarini
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems—Unit of Rome, National Research Council, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Maita
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems—Unit of Rome, National Research Council, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Maiolo
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems—Unit of Rome, National Research Council, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Gianluca Mampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (G.M.)
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14
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Salvesen BF, Grytten J, Rongen G, Vandevska-Radunovic V. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures on Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Health, and Treatment Satisfaction of Orthodontic Retention Patients up to Ten Years after Treatment-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084843. [PMID: 35457707 PMCID: PMC9027940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: This cross-sectional study evaluated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) on (1) oral hygiene, (2) periodontal health, (3) retainer failure, (4) orthodontic treatment satisfaction, and (5) outcome satisfaction in orthodontic retention patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether orthodontic retention treatment is associated with patient-reported outcome measures on oral hygiene, periodontal health, and treatment satisfaction. Methods: A ten-item questionnaire on the five PROMs was conducted among 211 consecutive retention patients up to ten years following orthodontic treatment. Linear regression models were computed to detect possible associations between the PROMs and retention treatment or patient characteristics. Results: The presence of a fixed lingual retainer was not associated with the reduced ability to perform oral hygiene, self-perceived periodontal health, or orthodontic outcome satisfaction. Older patients were more content with the orthodontic treatment result (p < 0.05). Patients with fixed lingual retainers in the mandible were less satisfied with the course of orthodontic treatment (p < 0.05). Smokers more often reported gingival bleeding (p < 0.05). Females reported increased gingival recessions (p < 0.05) and perceived their teeth as longer than before treatment (p < 0.05). Longer orthodontic treatment duration corresponded to retainer failure (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In general, long-term orthodontic retention patients were satisfied with orthodontic treatment. These patients reported the satisfactory ability to perform adequate oral hygiene and periodontal health, and they communicated a high degree of treatment and outcome contentment. However, patients with a retainer in the mandible were less satisfied with orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbro Fostad Salvesen
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-417-26450
| | - Jostein Grytten
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (J.G.); (G.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Gunnar Rongen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (J.G.); (G.R.)
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Shokeen B, Viloria E, Duong E, Rizvi M, Murillo G, Mullen J, Shi B, Dinis M, Li H, Tran NC, Lux R, Wu T. The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances and clear aligners on the oral microbiome and the association with clinical parameters: A longitudinal comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 161:e475-e485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Farzanegan F, Shafaee H, Norouzi H, Bagheri H, Rangrazi A. Comparison of the High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of the Orthodontic NiTi Wires: An in Vitro Study. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Taxonomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during Orthodontic Treatment. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8275181. [PMID: 34745264 PMCID: PMC8568516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8275181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontic appliances induce significant changes in the oral microbiome, but this shift in microbial composition has not been well established by the available evidence yet. Objectives To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to assess the taxonomic microbial changes in orthodontic patients during Fixed Appliance Treatment (FAT) and Clear Aligner Treatment (CAT), using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Search Methods and Selection Criteria. The search for articles was carried out in PubMed, including articles published in English until May 2021. They included every human study report potentially relevant to the review. Data Collection and Analysis. After duplicate study selection and data extraction procedures according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was assessed by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies (SBU) method. Results The initial search identified 393 articles, 74 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, six articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. The evidence quality for all the studies was moderate. Conclusions Orthodontic treatment seems to transiently affect the composition of subgingival microbiome, although not salivary, maintaining a stable microbial diversity. Different results were found in the shift of microbiome between plaque and saliva, depending on the type of orthodontic treatment. This review should be interpreted with some caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the included studies.
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Salvesen BF, Grytten J, Rongen G, Koldsland OC, Vandevska-Radunovic V. Periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients up to 10 years after treatment - a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:623-629. [PMID: 33971102 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1921842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients and investigate possible risk indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recessions (GR) and calculus were recorded in 211 patients with or without fixed retainers. RESULTS Periodontal parameters were within the limits of clinically healthy periodontium. The use of fixed retainers was associated with higher PI in the maxilla (ß = 1.10 [0.37]; p <.05). Older age was associated with higher PI in the mandible (ß = 0.27 [0.11]; p <.05). Smoking was associated with gingival bleeding on both palatal (ß = 0.63 [0.16]; p < .01) and labial sides in the maxilla (ß = 0.46 [0.20]; p <.05). Smoking was also associated with increased prevalence of GR in the mandible (ß = 0.24 [0.07]; p <.01), while use of snuff had similar effect on the labial side in the maxilla (ß = 0.35 [0.08]; p <.01). Higher age (ß = 0.05 [0.02]; p <.05) and the presence of a retainer (ß = 0.23 [0.07]; p < .05) were associated with calculus accumulation on the lingual side in the mandible. CONCLUSION The present observational study suggest that long-term fixed retainers alone have no detrimental effect on the periodontium. Additional factors may increase the risk of plaque deposits and increased probing pocket depths. Further prosepective studies are needed to confirm the present outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbro Fostad Salvesen
- Section of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Grytten
- Section for Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Gunnar Rongen
- Section for Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Carsten Koldsland
- Section of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Pellissari BA, Sabino GSP, de Souza Lima RN, Motta RHL, Suzuki SS, Garcez AS, Basting RT, Barbosa JA, Martins Montalli VA. Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with and without fixed appliances. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:672-679. [PMID: 33901282 DOI: 10.2319/120720-990.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify microorganisms isolated from patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances and to evaluate the resistance of isolated bacterial strains to different antimicrobials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen healthy patients wearing a fixed orthodontic appliance (group 1) and six nonwearers (group 2, control group) were evaluated. The biofilm that formed around the orthodontic brackets was collected, and the samples were then plated in a chromogenic medium (chromIDT, bioMérieux). Colony-forming units (CFUs) were isolated and inoculated in blood-agar medium. Automated biochemical tests (VITEK 2, bioMérieux) were carried out to identify the genus and species of the microorganisms and the resistance provided by 43 drugs (37 antibacterial and 6 antifungal). RESULTS The most prevalent microbial genera identified in group 1 were Streptococcus (24.0%), Staphylococcus (20.0%), Enterobacter (12.0%), Geobacillus (12.0%), and Candida (12.0%), and the most frequent species were Enterobacter cloacae complex (13.6%) and Staphylococcus hominis (13.6%). In group 2, the most prevalent genera were Streptococcus (57.1%), Staphylococcus (14.2%), Sphingomonas (14.2%), and Enterobacter (14.2%). With regard to antimicrobial resistance, 14 of 19 (74%) isolated bacterial strains were found to be resistant to at least 1 of the tested antimicrobials. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances have a more complex biofilm with a higher level of bacterial resistance.
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Kumar V, Singh P, Arora VK, Kaur S, Sarin S, Singh H. Assessment of Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Gingival Health: An Observational Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S425-S428. [PMID: 34447125 PMCID: PMC8375838 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_589_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prime components of fixed orthodontic treatments decrease the self-cleansing ability of the tongue and the cheeks leading to an increase in production of bacterial plaque. Hence, the present study was undertaken for assessing the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on gingival health. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients who were scheduled orthodontic treatment were enrolled. Complete data records of all the patients were recorded. Intra- and extraoral radiographs were obtained and photographic records were noted in separate pro forma. Complete intraoral examination of all the patients was carried out for recording visible plaque, any inflammation (visible clinically), and gingival recession. Based on the assessment of gingival texture and capillary transparency, analysis of gingival biotype was done. Follow-up records were assessed. Results: The mean visible plaque value before treatment and after treatment was found to be 3.11 and 5.81, respectively. The mean visible inflammation value before treatment and after treatment was found to be 2.89 and 15.43, respectively. The mean gingival recession score value before treatment and after treatment was found to be 0.19 and 0.383, respectively. A significant increase in the visible plaque value, visible inflammation value, and gingival recession score was observed posttreatment. While comparing the gingival biotype, it was seen that in both the maxillary and mandibular arches, there was an increase in the thick gingival biotype while there was a decrease in thin maxillary biotype. Conclusion: There is a significant increase in plaque accumulation, inflammation, and gingival recession following fixed orthodontic treatment. Hence, during the course of orthodontic treatment, regular oral prophylaxis should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Purushottam Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Arora
- Department of Orthodontics, Shaheed Kartar Singh Sarabha Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhpreet Kaur
- Department of Orthodontics, Maharahja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sahil Sarin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur, Punjab, India
| | - Harmeet Singh
- Department of Orthodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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21
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Martin C, Celis B, Ambrosio N, Bollain J, Antonoglou GN, Figuero E. Effect of orthodontic therapy in periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49 Suppl 24:72-101. [PMID: 33998045 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To answer these PICO questions: #1: In adult patients with malocclusion, what are the effects of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on clinical attachment level (CAL) changes in treated periodontitis patients with a healthy but reduced periodontium compared to non-periodontitis patients? #2: In adult patients with treated periodontitis and malocclusion, which is the efficacy of skeletal anchorage devices compared to conventional systems in terms of orthodontic treatment outcomes? MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven databases were searched until June 2020 looking for randomized, non-randomized trials and case series. Mean effects (ME) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-six studies with high risk of bias were included. PICO#1: In 26 patients without periodontitis and in 69 treated periodontitis patients, minimal changes in periodontal outcomes were reported after orthodontic therapy (p>0.05). A significant CAL gain (mm) (ME=3.523; 95% CI [2.353; 4.693]; p<0.001) was observed in 214 patients when periodontal outcomes were retrieved before a combined periodontal and orthodontic therapy. PICO#2: Orthodontic variables were scarcely reported and objective assessment of the results on orthodontic therapy were missing. CONCLUSIONS Based on a small number of low-quality studies, in non-periodontitis and in stable treated periodontitis patients, OTM had no significant impact on periodontal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchita Martin
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Celis
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore Ambrosio
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bollain
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgios N Antonoglou
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Condò R, Mampieri G, Pasquantonio G, Giancotti A, Pirelli P, Cataldi ME, La Rocca S, Leggeri A, Notargiacomo A, Maiolo L, De Filippis P, Cerroni L. In Vitro Evaluation of Structural Factors Favouring Bacterial Adhesion on Orthodontic Adhesive Resins. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102485. [PMID: 34064903 PMCID: PMC8150295 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to the surface of orthodontic materials is an important step in the formation and proliferation of plaque bacteria, which is responsible for enamel demineralization and periodontium pathologies. With the intent of investigating if adhesive resins used for bracket bonding are prone to bacteria colonization, the surface roughness of these materials has been analyzed, combining information with a novel methodology to observe the internal structures of orthodontic composites. Scanning electron microscopy, combined with focus ion bean micromachining and stylus profilometry analyses, were performed to evaluate the compositional factors that can influence specific pivotal properties facilitating the adhesion of bacteria to the surface, such as surface roughness and robustness of three orthodontic adhesive composite resins. To confirm these findings, contact angle measurements and bacteria incubation on resin slide have been performed, evaluating similarities and differences in the final achievement. In particular, the morphological features that determine an increase in the resins surface wettability and influence the bacterial adhesion are the subject of speculation. Finally, the focused ion beam technique has been proposed as a valuable tool to combine information coming from surface roughness with specific the internal structures of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Condò
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (S.L.R.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianluca Mampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (S.L.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Guido Pasquantonio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (S.L.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Aldo Giancotti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (S.L.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Paola Pirelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (S.L.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Maria Elena Cataldi
- PhD in Materials for Health, Environment and Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Serena La Rocca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (S.L.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Andrea Leggeri
- Oral Surgery Specialty School, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Notargiacomo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies-National Research Council, Unit of Rome, Via Cineto Romano, 42, 00156 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Maiolo
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems-National Research Council, Unit of Rome, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia De Filippis
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Loredana Cerroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.G.); (P.P.); (S.L.R.); (L.C.)
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Govindaraj A, Dinesh SS. Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish and Fluoride Varnish on White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients- a Systematic Review. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim:
The aim of this study is to critically review the studies that studied the effect of Chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish on White Spot Lesion (WSL) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods:
The electronic database PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge along with a complimentary manual search of all orthodontic journals till the first week of December 2019 was searched. English language study performed on humans, randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials, comparing the effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish on WSL was included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed.
Clinical Significance:
The need for an adjunct oral hygiene aid to reduce the incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients is necessary. The use of these varnishes will aid in the same and thus make the adverse effects of fixed orthodontic treatment negligible.
Review of Literature:
Enamel demineralization is a significant risk associated with orthodontic treatment when oral hygiene is poor. Prevention of demineralization during orthodontic treatment is one of the greatest challenges faced by clinicians despite modern advances in caries prevention. The development of White Spot Lesions (WSLs) is attributed to prolonged plaque accumulation around the brackets.
Results:
The search identified a total of 3 studies that were included in this review. One study had Low risk of bias and the remaining 2 studies had moderate overall risk. Results showed that there was a reduction in the incidence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients after application of chlorhexidine and Fluoride varnish.
Conclusion:
Low level evidence is available to conclude that the use of chlorhexidine varnishes and fluoride varnishes reduces the prevalence of white spot lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Due to its limitations, the results of this systematic review should be handled with caution and further well-planned Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) are needed to provide a discrete conclusion.
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Alzoman H, Alamoud K, Alomran WK, Almudhi A, Bindayel NA. Changes of Periodontal Tissues Because of Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068211003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the periodontal status before and after orthodontic treatment and to analyze the confounding factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study analyzed pre- and posttreatment records of a total of 60 patients. Intraoral digital photographs before and after the orthodontic treatment were used to measure the following three periodontal variables: (a) width of the keratinized gingiva, (b) gingival recession, and (c) the status of interdental papilla. The ImageJ 46 software imaging program was used to perform the required measurements. The clinical data were then analyzed in an association with the participants’ demographic data, the type of orthodontic tooth movement, and other confounding factors. The data obtained were manually entered into the statistical package and analyzed using a significance level set at P < .05. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to identify differences among the studied variables. Results: Among the 60 patients, the majority (66.7%) were females. Most cases of the treated malocclusion were Class II, and most patients underwent intrusion and retrusion movements. The width of keratinized gingiva increased for most sites of upper teeth. In contrast, the lower teeth showed a mix of improvement and compromised width of keratinized gingiva. As a measure of gingival recession, the difference of clinical crown height revealed the tendency toward a reduced clinical crown height for most sites. Upper left lateral incisors and canines showed significant values with regard to keratinized gingival width measurements and tooth movements such as extrusion and intrusion movements. Likewise, with regard to the clinical crown height, upper right central incisors showed significant differences when correlated with the interincisal angle, lower incisors to the mandibular plane, and upper incisors to the NA line. The upper lateral incisors also showed significant correlations to certain cephalometric measurements. Conclusions: The orthodontic treatment was found to exert a significantly positive impact on the surrounding periodontium, particularly in the upper canine areas. Likewise, various types of tooth movement were found to positively affect the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alzoman
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alamoud
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad K. Alomran
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullazez Almudhi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. Bindayel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ishii T, Goto H, Watanabe A, Yamamoto S, Onodera H, Yoshida S, Nishii Y. A Case of Mandibular Prognathism with Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis and Crowding. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2021; 62:27-39. [PMID: 33583878 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis during adolescence has a poor prognosis due to rapid alveolar bone resorption. Few studies have investigated long-term follow-up after surgical orthodontic treatment performed in conjunction with that for invasive periodontitis. Here, we report a case of mandibular prognathism accompanied by generalized aggressive periodontitis and crowding. A 31-year-old woman was referred to our department for treatment of masticatory dysfunction due to reverse overjet. The patient exhibited a class III molar relationship, protrusion of the ANB of -6.0°, and severe maxillary crowding. Initial periodontal examination revealed deep periodontal pockets and extensive inflammation. Mandibular prognathism accompanied by generalized aggressive periodontitis and crowding was diagnosed. Therefore, it was necessary to adopt an interdisciplinary approach involving surgical, orthodontic, and periodontal treatment. Prior to commencement of orthodontic treatment, plaque control, scaling, and root planing of all teeth were performed by a periodontist to suppress inflammation and reduce probing depth. During pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, the maxillary first premolars were extracted to reduce crowding of the maxillary incisors. To correct the mandibular prognathism, the mandible was repositioned by sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Proper occlusion of the incisors and maximum intercuspation were achieved by post-surgical orthodontic treatment. After completion of active orthodontic treatment, acceleration of inflammation was observed together with aggravated resorption of the alveolar bone surrounding the molars. However, reduction of probing depth and inflammation were observed after scaling and root planing. The surgical-orthodontic treatment time was 1 year and 11 months, which was followed by a 2-year retention period. There was no tooth loss due to periodontitis, and an overall satisfactory outcome was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
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Al Nazeh A, Alshahrani A, Almoammar S, Kamran MA, Togoo RA, Alshahrani I. Application of photodynamic therapy against periodontal bacteria in established gingivitis lesions in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101904. [PMID: 32622074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this 4 week follow up randomized controlled clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to ultrasonic scaling (US) in the reduction of gingival inflammatory parameters and periodontal pathogens in established gingival inflammation in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 22 adolescent patients (mean age: 17.5 years) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and presenting with persistent local gingival inflammation were randomized into two groups: Group-US: patients receiving ultrasonic scaling (US) with usual oral hygiene instructions and Group-PDT: in which patients received adjunctive PDT with US. Dichotomous recording for plaque scores (PS) and bleeding on probing (BOP) was used to assess the clinical inflammatory status. The total bacterial counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were estimated and were expressed as log CFU/mL. All assessments were performed at baseline, 1 week and 4 weeks. For intergroup comparisons, student's t-test was computed along with Bonferroni correction for post hoc multiple comparisons. To identify differences between repeated follow-ups, ANOVA multiple rank test was used. RESULTS Both treatment modalities reported statistically significant reduction in PS and BOP in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in PS and BOP when US was compared with PDT (p > 0.05). Group-US showed statistically significant reduction in T. forsythia at 1 week only (p < 0.05). Group-PDT showed statistically significant reduction in P. gingivalis and T. forsythia from baseline to 1 week and 4 weeks (p < 0.05). This was also significant when compared with US on both the time points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION PDT was effective in significantly reducing periodontal pathogens in established gingivitis lesions in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Nazeh
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alshahrani
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Almoammar
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafi A Togoo
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alshahrani
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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Tan A, Çokakoğlu S. Effects of adhesive flash-free brackets on enamel demineralization and periodontal status. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:339-346. [PMID: 33378441 PMCID: PMC8032304 DOI: 10.2319/80819-518.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of adhesive precoated (APC) flash-free brackets on enamel demineralization and periodontal status in patients during fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients, age 12 to 18 years, who had Angle Class I or Class II malocclusion with mild to moderate crowding in the permanent dentition were selected for this study. APC flash-free and conventional ceramic brackets were bonded for a split-mouth study design. The quadrant allocation was randomized. Demineralization records were obtained immediately after bonding (T0), 1 month after bonding (T1), and 6 months after bonding (T2). Clinical periodontal measurements, including gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding upon probing, were obtained before bonding (T0) and at the same time points (T1 and T2). Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests to compare parameters between groups and times. RESULTS Demineralization values decreased on most sides of the brackets for both groups between T0 and T1. In the conventional group, there was significantly higher demineralization on more sides compared with flash-free brackets between T1 and T2. With one exception, the decreased values were found in the incisal/occlusal sides of all brackets at T2. All periodontal parameters showed significant increases after 6 months of treatment in both groups. Intergroup comparison showed no significant differences in demineralization or periodontal measurements at any of the time points. CONCLUSIONS The effects of APC flash-free and conventional brackets on enamel demineralization and periodontal health did not differ from each other.
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Javali MA, Betsy J, Al Thobaiti RSS, Alshahrani RA, AlQahtani HAH. Relationship between Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease in Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 8:133-139. [PMID: 32587495 PMCID: PMC7305683 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_135_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Malocclusion is known to cause plaque accumulation and periodontal breakdown. However, no previous study from Saudi Arabia has assessed this relationship in patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetics. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between malocclusion and periodontal disease in terms of gingival inflammation, probing pocket depth (PPD) and recession in patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetic improvement. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, among consecutive new patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetic improvement between June and August 2018. Angle’s class of malocclusion, various malalignments, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), adequacy of width of attached gingiva (WAG), response to fremitus test, PPD and gingival recession (GR) were recorded. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 410 consecutive patients were included. Of these, 314 patients had Class I, 57 had Class II (division I), 25 had Class II (division II) and 14 had Class III malocclusions. In patients with all types of malocclusion, the majority had a PI and GI of score 2 (74.1% and 83.7%, respectively). Most of the patients (85.9%) had adequate WAG; similarly, 94.9% had a negative fremitus test, which shows the absence of trauma from occlusion. Mean PPD and GR in the maxillary and mandibular arches showed varying results. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a relationship between malocclusion and presence of periodontal disease in patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetic improvement in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, in patients seeking orthodontic treatment, careful evaluation of gingival and oral hygiene along with adequacy of attached gingiva should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhatar Ahmed Javali
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Betsy
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Saed Safar Al Thobaiti
- Intern Doctor, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Ali Alshahrani
- Intern Doctor, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Abdullah H AlQahtani
- Intern Doctor, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Elkordy SA, Palomo L, Palomo JM, Mostafa YA. Do fixed orthodontic appliances adversely affect the periodontium? A systematic review of systematic reviews. Semin Orthod 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Knaup I, Wagner Y, Wego J, Fritz U, Jäger A, Wolf M. Potential impact of lingual retainers on oral health: comparison between conventional twistflex retainers and CAD/CAM fabricated nitinol retainers. J Orofac Orthop 2019; 80:88-96. [PMID: 30778609 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-019-00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, Aachen RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Y Wagner
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - J Wego
- Department of Orthodontics, Aachen RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - U Fritz
- Department of Orthodontics, Aachen RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Bonn University Hospital, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Aachen RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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