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Faundes-Gandolfo N, Jara-Gutiérrez C, Párraga M, Montenegro I, Vera W, Escobar M, Madrid A, Valenzuela-Valderrama M, Villena J. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Leaf ethanolic extract exerts selective anticancer activity through ROS-induced apoptotic cell death in human cancer cell lines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:269. [PMID: 39010075 PMCID: PMC11247786 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (K. pinnata), a succulent plant native to tropical regions, are used as a medicinal alternative against cancer in several countries worldwide; however, its therapeutic potential to fight cancer has been little addressed. In this study, we analyzed the phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and selectivity of K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract against different human cancer cell lines in vitro. METHODOLOGY This study subjected the ethanolic extract to enzymatic assays to quantify the phytochemical content (phenolics, flavonoids, and anthraquinones) and its radical scavenging and iron-reducing capacities. Also, the phytoconstituents and major phenolic compounds present in the extract's subfractions were identified by GC-MS, HPLC, and NMR. Human cancer (MCF-7, PC-3, HT-29) and normal colon (CoN) cell lines were treated with different concentrations of K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract, and the changes in cell proliferation (sulforhodamine B assay), caspases activity (FITC-VAD-FMK reporter), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, rhodamine 123 assay), chromatin condensation/fragmentation (Hoechst 33342 stain), and ROS generation (DCFH2 probe assay) were assessed. RESULTS The results showed that the K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract is rich in phytoconstituents with therapeutic potential, including phenols (quercetin and kaempferol), flavonoids, fatty acid esters (34.6% of the total composition), 1- triacontanol and sterols (ergosterol and stigmasterol, 15.4% of the total composition); however, it presents a poor content of antioxidant molecules (IC50 = 27.6 mg/mL for H2O2 scavenging activity vs. 2.86 mg/mL in the case of Trolox). Notably, the extract inhibited cell proliferation and reduced MMP in all human cell lines tested but showed selectivity for HT-29 colon cancer cells compared to CoN normal cells (SI = 8.4). Furthermore, ROS generation, caspase activity, and chromatin condensation/fragmentation were augmented significantly in cancer-derived cell lines, indicating a selective cytotoxic effect. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that the K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract contains several bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential, capable of displaying selective cytotoxicity in different human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Faundes-Gandolfo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Jara-Gutiérrez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mario Párraga
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Iván Montenegro
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Obstetricia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química de Metabolitos Bioactivos, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Waleska Vera
- Laboratorio de Química de Metabolitos Bioactivos, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcela Escobar
- Laboratorio de Química de Metabolitos Bioactivos, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Madrid
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Joan Villena
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Liao Y, Xie X, Zhang C, Zhong H, Shan L, Yu P, Xu L. Quercetin exerts anti-tumor immune mechanism by regulating IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to deplete Treg cells. Toxicon 2024; 243:107747. [PMID: 38714236 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is still the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Due to the lack of effective drug targets, triple-negative breast cancer has a worse prognosis and higher mortality compared with other types of breast cancer, and chemotherapy is still the main treatment for triple-negative breast cancer at present. Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonoid compound found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. The mechanism of QUE has been extensively studied, such as prostate cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. However, the anti-tumor immune mechanism of QUE in triple-negative breast cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed the anti-tumor immune effects of QUE on triple-negative breast cancer using both 4T1 cells and a xenograft mouse model of 4T1 cells. In vitro, we examined the inhibitory effects of QUE on 4T1 cells and its molecular mechanisms through MTT, Transwell, ELISA, and Western blotting. In vivo, by establishing a xenograft mouse model, we utilized flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blotting to evaluate the anti-tumor immune effects of QUE on triple-negative breast cancer. The results indicate that QUE inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of 4T1 cells, concurrently significantly suppressing the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, it depletes Treg cell content in 4T1 xenograft mice, thereby improving the tumor immune microenvironment and promoting the cytotoxicity of relevant tumor immune cells. These findings suggest that QUE may serve as a potential adjuvant for immune therapy in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Liao
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese. Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) /State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese. Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) /State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese. Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) /State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haijing Zhong
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese. Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) /State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese. Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) /State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese. Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) /State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese. Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) /State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Xia Y, Sun M, Huang H, Jin WL. Drug repurposing for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:92. [PMID: 38637540 PMCID: PMC11026526 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a complex and multifactorial disease, presents a significant challenge to global health. Despite significant advances in surgical, radiotherapeutic and immunological approaches, which have improved cancer treatment outcomes, drug therapy continues to serve as a key therapeutic strategy. However, the clinical efficacy of drug therapy is often constrained by drug resistance and severe toxic side effects, and thus there remains a critical need to develop novel cancer therapeutics. One promising strategy that has received widespread attention in recent years is drug repurposing: the identification of new applications for existing, clinically approved drugs. Drug repurposing possesses several inherent advantages in the context of cancer treatment since repurposed drugs are typically cost-effective, proven to be safe, and can significantly expedite the drug development process due to their already established safety profiles. In light of this, the present review offers a comprehensive overview of the various methods employed in drug repurposing, specifically focusing on the repurposing of drugs to treat cancer. We describe the antitumor properties of candidate drugs, and discuss in detail how they target both the hallmarks of cancer in tumor cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In addition, we examine the innovative strategy of integrating drug repurposing with nanotechnology to enhance topical drug delivery. We also emphasize the critical role that repurposed drugs can play when used as part of a combination therapy regimen. To conclude, we outline the challenges associated with repurposing drugs and consider the future prospects of these repurposed drugs transitioning into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, PR China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
| | - Hai Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China.
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China.
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Deshmukh R, Prajapati M, Harwansh RK. Management of Colorectal Cancer Using Nanocarriers-based Drug Delivery for Herbal Bioactives: Current and Emerging Approaches. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:599-622. [PMID: 38807329 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010242028231002075512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and multifactorial disorder in middle-aged people. Several modern medicines are available for treating and preventing it. However, their therapeutic uses are limited due to drawbacks, such as gastric perforation, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, abdominal cramps, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and adverse reactions. Hence, there is a continuous quest for safe and effective medicines to manage human health problems, like CRC. In this context, herbal medicines are considered an alternative disease control system. It has become popular in countries, like American, European, and Asian, due to its safety and effectiveness, which has been practiced for 1000 years. During the last few decades, herbal medicines have been widely explored through multidisciplinary fields for getting active compounds against human diseases. Several herbal bioactives, like curcumin, glycyrrhizin, paclitaxel, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, berberine, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, chrysin, resveratrol, quercetin, etc., have been found to be effective against CRC. However, their pharmacological applications are limited due to low bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy apart from their several health benefits. An effective delivery system is required to increase their bioavailability and efficacy. Therefore, targeted novel drug delivery approaches are promising for improving these substances' solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic effects. Novel carrier systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, microspheres, dendrimers, microbeads, and hydrogels, are promising for delivering poorly soluble drugs to the target site, i.e., the colon. Thus, the present review is focused on the pathophysiology, molecular pathways, and diagnostic and treatment approaches for CRC. Moreover, an emphasis has been laid especially on herbal bioactive-based novel delivery systems and their clinical updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Mahendra Prajapati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
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Zuo C, Xu YS, He PF, Zhang WJ. ATP ion channel P2X7 receptor as a regulatory molecule in the progression of colorectal cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115877. [PMID: 37857146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a natural P2X7 receptor activator, are released during colorectal carcinogenesis. P2X7 receptor activation regulates the activity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by mediating intracellular signal transduction. Importantly, the opening and activation of membrane pores of P2X7 receptor are different, which can play a dual role in promoting or inhibiting the progression of CRC. These can also depend on P2X7 receptor to regulate the activities of immune cells in the microenvironment, play the functions of immune regulation, immune escape and immune monitoring. While the use of P2X7 receptor antagonists (such as BBG, A438079 and A740003) can play a certain inhibitory pharmacological role on the activity of CRC. Therefore, in this paper, the mechanism and immunomodulatory function of P2X7 receptor involved in the progression of CRC were discussed. Moreover, we discussed the effect of antagonizing the activity of P2X7 receptor on the progression of CRC. So P2X7 receptor may be a new pharmacological molecular target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zuo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Xu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Peng-Fei He
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
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Zhou W, Cao W, Wang M, Yang K, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Cao G, Chen B, Xiong M. Validation of quercetin in the treatment of colon cancer with diabetes via network pharmacology, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro experiments. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10725-4. [PMID: 37747647 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
This study built a prognostic model for CRC-diabetes and analyzed whether quercetin could be used for CRC-diabetes treatment through a network of pharmacology, molecular dynamics simulation, bioinformatics, and in vitro experiments. First, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to construct the prognosis modelof CRC-diabetes. Then, the intersection of quercetin target genes with CRC-diabetes genes was used to find the potential target for quercetin in the treatment of CRC-diabetes. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to screen the potential targets for quercetin in the treatment of CRC-diabetes. Finally, we verified the target and pathway of quercetin in the treatment of CRC-diabetes through in vitro experiments. Through molecular docking, seven proteins (HMOX1, ACE, MYC, MMP9, PLAU, MMP3, and MMP1) were selected as potential targets of quercetin. We conducted molecular dynamics simulations of quercetin and the above proteins, respectively, and found that the binding structure of quercetin with MMP9 and PLAU was relatively stable. Finally, according to the results of Western blot results, it was confirmed that quercetin could interact with MMP9. The experimental results show that quercetin may affect the JNK pathway, glycolysis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to treat CRC-diabetes. Based on the TCGA, TTD, DrugBank, and other databases, a prediction model that can effectively predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients with diabetes was constructed. According to experiment results, quercetin can regulate the expression of MMP9. By acting on the JNK pathway, glycolysis, and EMT, it can treat colon cancer patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Surgery, The People's Hospital of Hanshan County, Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Maoming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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Gao J, Yang D, Huang Z, Pan X, Cao R, Lian C, Ma J, Li Y, Wang Z, Xia J. Nosip is a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. iScience 2023; 26:107353. [PMID: 37529099 PMCID: PMC10387614 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein (Nosip) interacts with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and regulates NO synthesis and release, which participates in various critical physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of Nosip in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. In this study, Nosip expression was found to be elevated in HCC tissues and cells. Nosip siRNA transfection inhibited the proliferation and motility of HCC cells and promoted apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of Nosip promoted proliferation and migration and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis of HCC cells. As a natural compound, quercetin exerted the effect of inhibiting the proliferation and motility of HCC cells, and this anticancer activity probably via repressing the expression of Nosip. Our results suggest that Nosip could act as an oncogene in the progression of HCC and that quercetin may be a potential natural compound for treating HCC by inhibiting the expression of Nosip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gao
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Xueshan Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoxue Cao
- Department of Laboratory, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoqun Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
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Çalış İ, Becer E, Ünlü A, Uğurlu Aydın Z, Hanoğlu A, Vatansever HS, Dönmez AA. Comparative phytochemical studies on the roots of Polygala azizsancarii and P. peshmenii and neuroprotective activities of the two xanthones. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 210:113650. [PMID: 36965761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Six known sucrose mono-, di- and triesters and five xanthone derivatives were isolated from the roots of Polygala peshmenii Eren, Parolly, Raus & Kürschner which is a narrow species endemic to Türkiye. Among the xanthones, 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-5,6-dimethoxy-xanthone is an undescribed compound isolated for the first time from a natural source. The studies on the roots of P. azizsancarii Dönmez have resulted in the isolation of four known compounds including sucrose mono-, di- and triesters. The structures of the sucrose esters and xanthones isolated from P. azizsancarii and P. peshmenii were established by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC). Neuroprotective activities of two xanthones, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone isolated from the roots of P. azizsancarii were evaluated in vitro using in a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. SKNAS human neuroblastoma cells were used in the study and treated with different consecrations of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ oligomer for up to 48 h. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. The distribution of β-amyloid, α-synuclein, tau, JAK2, STAT3, caspase 3 and BMP-2 were investigated using indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Our results suggested that both xanthones control tau aggregation with no effect on β-amyloid plaque formation. In addition, for neuronal pathophysiology in AD cell model, decreased distributions of JAK/STAT3 and BMP2 signaling pathways were demonstrated, therefore they play a role in the protective effect on neurons in neurodegenerative disease. A significant decrease in caspase 3 immunoreactivity was detected after the administration of both compounds in AD cells. Therefore, both compounds control neuronal pathophysiology and rescue cell death in AD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Çalış
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - Eda Becer
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Ünlü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Azmi Hanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - H Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Ali A Dönmez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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Liang X, Lin X, Lin Z, Lin W, Peng Z, Wei S. Genes associated with cellular senescence favor melanoma prognosis by stimulating immune responses in tumor microenvironment. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106850. [PMID: 37031510 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), a malignant tumor from melanocytes, is the fifth most prevalent tumor. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy improves prognosis of SKCM, but immune response varies for different populations. Cellular senescence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes antitumor immunity, mediated by dendritic cells (DC) and CD8+ T cells. Therefore, we sought to explore the role of cellular senescence in the TME of SKCM through bioinformatics and machine learning. METHODS First, we obtained 93 cellular senescence-prognosis genes (CSPGs) by univariate survival analysis. Thereafter, 23 optimal CSPGs were obtained by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) analysis. Based on the riskscore obtained by lasso analysis and clinical information from multivariate cox, we obtained the nomogram of SKCM, which was validated in the validation cohort. Based on the riskscore, the patients were split into low- and high-risk groups. Functional differences between the two groups were analyzed using Metascape and GSEA, and immune infiltration differences were achieved by multiple algorithms. We obtained a risk prediction nomogram for the validated SKCM based on the lasso model by univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. RESULTS In the low-risk group, immune responses were in an active state. NK, CD8+ T, DC, macrophages, and neutrophils were significantly upregulated, and ICI-relevant genes were notably upregulated. With the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and optimal CSPGs, we obtained the hub genes: NOX4, NTN4, PROX1, and TRPM8. The hub genes were mainly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and endothelial cells by single cell analysis, which were mainly associated with angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Genes associated with cellular senescence favor SKCM prognosis by stimulating immune responses in TME. Patients with high expression of cellular senescence associated genes in the TME might have better benefit from ICI immunotherapy. Cellular senescence functions as a pro-tumor agent in mesenchymal cells and needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liang
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zien Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishen Peng
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Kuşi M, Becer E, Vatansever HS, Yücecan S. Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperidin and Naringin in SK-N-AS Cell as an In Vitro Model for Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:418-426. [PMID: 35776430 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2062488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin and naringin are flavonoids that are found in citrus fruits. Our aim was to create an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and naringin in SK-N-AS and AD model cells. Aβ25-35 was used to create an AD model in SK-N-AS cells. The cytotoxicity of hesperidin and naringin was evaluated using MTT. β-amyloid, tau and α-synuclein distributions were analyzed using indirect immunoperoxidase staining to investigate the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and naringin. The AD model was created by 1 µM of Aβ25-35 for 48 hours after ThT staining. The intensity of β-amyloid was reduced through both hesperidin and naringin treatment in AD model cells. Both flavonoids significantly decreased the intensity of α-synuclein in SK-N-AS and AD model cells. Hesperidin and naringin can be potentially used as neuroprotective agents. Naringin may be more effective than hesperidin in the accumulation of β-amyloid and tau proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müjgan Kuşi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Yücecan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Yang H, Xu S, Tang L, Gong J, Fang H, Wei J, Su D. Targeting of non-apoptotic cancer cell death mechanisms by quercetin: Implications in cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043056. [PMID: 36467088 PMCID: PMC9708708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of cancer treatment is to kill cancer cells, based on the use of various therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy drugs. Most drugs exert their therapeutic effects on cancer by targeting apoptosis. However, alterations in apoptosis-related molecules and thus assisting cells to evade death, eventually lead to tumor cell resistance to therapeutic drugs. The increased incidence of non-apoptotic cell death modes such as induced autophagy, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, and necrosis is beneficial to overcoming multidrug resistance mediated by apoptosis resistance in tumor cells. Therefore, investigating the function and mechanism of drug-induced non-apoptotic cell death modes has positive implications for the development of new anti-cancer drugs and therapeutic strategies. Phytochemicals show strong potential as an alternative or complementary medicine for alleviating various types of cancer. Quercetin is a flavonoid compound widely found in the daily diet that demonstrates a significant role in inhibiting numerous human cancers. In addition to direct pro-tumor cell apoptosis, both in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that quercetin exerts anti-tumor properties by triggering diverse non-apoptotic cell death modes. This review summarized the current status of research on the molecular mechanisms and targets through which quercetin-mediated non-apoptotic mode of cancer cell death, including autophagic cell death, senescence, mitotic catastrophe, ferroptosis, necroptosis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lidan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hufeng Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Carrillo-Garmendia A, Martinez-Ortiz C, Canizal-Garcia M, González-Hernández JC, Arvizu-Medrano SM, Gracida J, Madrigal-Perez LA, Regalado-Gonzalez C. Cytotoxicity of quercetin is related to mitochondrial respiration impairment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2022; 39:617-628. [PMID: 36285422 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonol ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables that shows a potential therapeutic use in non-transmissible chronic diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Although this phytochemical has shown promising health benefits, the molecular mechanism behind this compound is still unclear. Interestingly, quercetin displays toxic properties against phylogenetically distant organisms such as bacteria and eukaryotic cells, suggesting that its molecular target resides on a highly conserved pathway. The cytotoxicity of quercetin could be explained by energy depletion occasioned by mitochondrial respiration impairment and its concomitant pleiotropic effect. Thereby, the molecular basis of quercetin cytotoxicity could shed light on potential molecular mechanisms associated with its health benefits. Nonetheless, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether quercetin supplementation affects mitochondrial respiration and whether this is related to quercetin cytotoxicity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a study model to assess the effect of quercetin on energetic metabolism. Herein, we provide evidence that quercetin supplementation: (1) decreased the exponential growth of S. cerevisiae in a glucose-dependent manner; (2) affected diauxic growth in a similar way to antimycin A (complex III inhibitor of electron transport chain); (3) suppressed the growth of S. cerevisiae cultures supplemented with non-fermentable carbon sources (glycerol and lactate); (4) promoted a glucose-dependent inhibition of the basal, maximal, and ATP-linked respiration; (5) diminished complex II and IV activities. Altogether, these data indicate that quercetin disturbs mitochondrial respiration between the ubiquinone pool and cytochrome c, and this phenotype is associated with its cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Martinez-Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Melina Canizal-Garcia
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jorge Gracida
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Madrigal-Perez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Ciudad Hidalgo, Michoacán, Mexico
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Sufianova G, Gareev I, Beylerli O, Wu J, Shumadalova A, Sufianov A, Chen X, Zhao S. Modern aspects of the use of natural polyphenols in tumor prevention and therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1011435. [PMID: 36172282 PMCID: PMC9512088 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1011435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites or organic compounds synthesized by them. In other words, these are molecules that are found in plants. Due to the wide variety of polyphenols and the plants in which they are found, these compounds are divided according to the source of origin, the function of the polyphenols, and their chemical structure; where the main ones are flavonoids. All the beneficial properties of polyphenols have not yet been studied, since this group of substances is very extensive and diverse. However, most polyphenols are known to be powerful antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory effects. Polyphenols help fight cell damage caused by free radicals and immune system components. In particular, polyphenols are credited with a preventive effect that helps protect the body from certain forms of cancer. The onset and progression of tumors may be related directly to oxidative stress, or inflammation. These processes can increase the amount of DNA damage and lead to loss of control over cell division. A number of studies have shown that oxidative stress uncontrolled by antioxidants or an uncontrolled and prolonged inflammatory process increases the risk of developing sarcoma, melanoma, and breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancer. Therefore, a more in-depth study of the effect of polyphenolic compounds on certain signaling pathways that determine the complex cascade of oncogenesis is a promising direction in the search for new methods for the prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
| | - Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurosurgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Albert Sufianov, ; Xin Chen, ; Shiguang Zhao,
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14
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Mahmod AI, Haif SK, Kamal A, Al-Ataby IA, Talib WH. Chemoprevention effect of the Mediterranean diet on colorectal cancer: Current studies and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924192. [PMID: 35990343 PMCID: PMC9386380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. Nevertheless, more than 70% of CRC cases are resulted from sporadic tumorigenesis and are not inherited. Since adenoma-carcinoma development is a slow process and may take up to 20 years, diet-based chemoprevention could be an effective approach in sporadic CRC. The Mediterranean diet is an example of a healthy diet pattern that consists of a combination of nutraceuticals that prevent several chronic diseases and cancer. Many epidemiological studies have shown the correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and low incidence of CRC. The goal of this review is to shed the light on the anti-inflammatory and anti-colorectal cancer potentials of the natural bioactive compounds derived from the main foods in the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shatha Khaled Haif
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Sarvath Community College, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayah Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Israa A Al-Ataby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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15
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Synergism Potentiates Oxidative Antiproliferative Effects of Naringenin and Quercetin in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163437. [PMID: 36014942 PMCID: PMC9412616 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer as of 2020. Quercetin (Que) and Naringenin (Nar) are predominantly found in citrus fruits and vegetables and have shown promising antiproliferative effects in multiple studies. It is also known that the bioactive effects of these flavonoids are more pronounced in whole fruit than in isolation. This study investigates the potential synergistic effects of Que and Nar (CoQN) in MCF-7 BC cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with a range of concentrations of Que, Nar or CoQN to determine cell viability. The IC50 of CoQN was then used to investigate caspase 3/7 activity, Bcl-2 gene expression, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential to evaluate oxidative stress and apoptosis. CoQN treatment produced significant cytotoxicity, reduced Bcl-2 gene expression and increased caspase 3/7 activity compared to either Nar or Que. Furthermore, CoQN significantly increased lipid peroxidation and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) compared to either Nar or Que. Therefore, CoQN treatment has potential pharmacological application in BC chemotherapy by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in MCF-7 BC cells. The results of this study support the increased consumption of whole fruits and vegetables to reduce cell proliferation in cancer.
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16
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Du S, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Chi Y. Advances in the study of HSP70 inhibitors to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942828. [PMID: 36036010 PMCID: PMC9399644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is one of the most conserved proteins and a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that plays a role in the folding, remodeling, and degradation of various proteins to maintain proteostasis. It has been shown that HSP70 is abundantly expressed in cancer and enhances tumor resistance to radiotherapy by inhibiting multiple apoptotic pathways, such as interfering with the cellular senescence program, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting metastasis. Thus, HSP70 provides an effective target for enhancing the effects of radiation therapy in the clinical management of cancer patients. Inhibition of HSP70 enhances the radiation-induced tumor-killing effect and thus improves the efficacy of radiotherapy. This article reviews the sensitivity of Hsp70 and its related inhibitors to radiotherapy of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Du
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang, ; Yuhua Chi,
| | - Yuhua Chi
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang, ; Yuhua Chi,
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Investigation of Molecular Mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in Colon Cancer via Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4961407. [PMID: 35815259 PMCID: PMC9270134 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4961407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) is widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and other digestive diseases. This study is based on network pharmacology to explore the molecular mechanism of BXD in the treatment of colon cancer. Methods The bioactive components and potential targets of BXD were obtained from public database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the potential targets of BXD for colon cancer was constructed based on the STRING database, cytoscape software, gene ontology (GO), and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the PPI network. Finally, we established a xenograft nude mouse model to verify the effect of BXD in colon cancer treatment. Results We have acquired a total of 55 bioactive components and 136 cross-targets of BXD. The results of enrichment analysis suggested that the oxidate stress and diet were the key factors of colon cancer occurrence, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway plays an essential role in the treatment of colon cancer with BXD. Animal experiments revealed that BXD could suppress tumor growth and induce tumor cell apoptosis in the xenograft nude mouse model with HCT116 cells. Conclusion This study uncovered that BXD inhibits the malignant progression of colon cancer that may be related to multiple compounds (berberine, quercetin, baicalein, etc.), multiple targets (Bcl2, Bax, IL6, TNFα, CASP3, etc.), and multiple pathways (human cytomegalovirus infection, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, etc.).
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SENESCENCE-MEDIATED ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS OF QUERCETI. Nutr Res 2022; 104:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Bioactive Metabolites: from Prevention to Novel Therapies of Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1534083. [PMID: 35449807 PMCID: PMC9017484 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1534083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Brassicaceae family, known as cruciferous vegetables, includes many economically important species, mainly edible oil plants, vegetable species, spice plants, and feed plants. Cruciferous vegetables are foods rich in nutritive composition and are also a good source of dietary fiber. Besides, cruciferous vegetables contain various bioactive chemicals known as glucosinolates and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, including sulphur-containing cancer-protective chemicals. Numerous studies have reported that daily intake of sulphurous vegetables helps prevent cancer formation and reduces cancer incidence, especially in colorectal cancer, through various mechanisms. The potential mechanisms of these compounds in preventing cancer in experimental studies are as follows: protecting cells against DNA damage, inactivating carcinogenic substances, showing antiviral and antibacterial effects, triggering apoptosis in cells with disrupted structure, inhibiting tumour cell migration causing metastasis and the development of tumour-feeding vessels (angiogenesis). These beneficial anticancer effects of cruciferous vegetables are generally associated with glucosinolates in their composition and some secondary metabolites, as well as other phenolic compounds, seed oils, and dietary fiber in the literature. This review aims to examine to the roles of cruciferous vegetables and their important bioactive metabolites in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of Geraniaceae plant extracts against five tumor cell lines. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO775. [PMID: 35070357 PMCID: PMC8765112 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of Geranium and Erodium species against human cancer and noncancer cell lines, respectively. Methods: Twenty-one species of Geranium and Erodium were extracted and screened against cancerous and noncancerous human cell lines. Results: In a dose-response manner, G. glaberrimum, G. asphodeloides, E. brandianum and E. leucanthum were able, with variable potency, to inhibit cellular proliferation. Except for E. brandianum, all extracts induced cellular autophagy in tumor cells with similar levels to that of rapamycin; but, only E. brandianum induced cellular apoptosis, likely through Bcl2 and BAX protein expressions. Discussion: This is the first study to report the potential antiproliferative effects of ethanol extracts of several Geraniaceae species.
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Liu M, Chen X, Chen H, Wu X, Fan W, Chen J. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery System for Anticancer Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicines: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:2011-2032. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The variable dosage forms of most traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) could be disadvantaged by low selectivity, poor biological distribution, limited bioavailability with low efficacy, and some adverse effects. These issues limit the control of clinical pharmacodynamics of the antitumor active components. With the progress of science and technology, many new polymer materials and new technologies have emerged, such as nanotechnology, cyclodextrin inclusion, solid dispersion, microcapsule and microsphere technologies. These new technologies provide a good basis for exploring novel TCM dosage forms for overcoming the shortcomings. The increased numbers of new technologies have been used to study TCM dosage forms with remarkable achievements. In this review paper, we will provide a systematic overview of the new dosage forms of nano-formulations and co-medications in relation to nano-delivery systems in an attempt to provide useful references for practical application of active antitumor ingredients from the TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xinmei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fan
- Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
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Targeting cellular senescence in cancer by plant secondary metabolites: A systematic review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 177:105961. [PMID: 34718135 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senescence suppresses tumor growth, while also developing a tumorigenic state in the nearby cells that is mediated by senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). The dual function of cellular senescence stresses the need for identifying multi-targeted agents directed towards the promotion of cell senescence in cancer cells and suppression of the secretion of pro-tumorigenic signaling mediators in neighboring cells. Natural secondary metabolites have shown favorable anticancer responses in recent decades, as some have been found to target the senescence-associated mediators and pathways. Furthermore, phenolic compounds and polyphenols, terpenes and terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds have shown to be promising anticancer agents through the regulation of paracrine and autocrine pathways. Plant secondary metabolites are potential regulators of SASPs factors that suppress tumor growth through paracrine mediators, including growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components/enzymes, and proteases. On the other hand, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related, extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-κB, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and receptor tyrosine kinase-associated mediators are main targets of candidate phytochemicals in the autocrine senescence pathway. Such a regulatory role of phytochemicals on senescence-associated pathways are associated with cell cycle arrest and the attenuation of apoptotic/inflammatory/oxidative stress pathways. The current systematic review highlights the critical roles of natural secondary metabolites in the attenuation of autocrine and paracrine cellular senescence pathways, while also elucidating the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic capabilities of these compounds. Additionally, we discuss current challenges, limitations, and future research indications.
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Abi Zamer B, El-Huneidi W, Eladl MA, Muhammad JS. Ins and Outs of Heat Shock Proteins in Colorectal Carcinoma: Its Role in Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112862. [PMID: 34831085 PMCID: PMC8616065 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can reprogram their metabolic activities and undergo uncontrolled proliferation by utilizing the power of heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are highly conserved chaperones that facilitate the folding of intracellular proteins under stress. Constitutively, HSPs are expressed at low levels, but their expression upregulates in response to a wide variety of insults, including anticancer drugs, allowing cancer cells to develop chemoresistance. In recent years, several researchers have reported that HSPs could be an important therapeutic target in difficult-to-treat cancers such as colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Worldwide, CRC is the second most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The molecular complexity of CRC and the coexisting inflammatory conditions present a significant obstacle to developing effective treatment. Recently, considerable progress has been made in enhancing our understanding of the role of HSPs in CRC pathogenesis. Moreover, novel therapeutic strategies targeting HSPs, either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents, have been reported. Herein, we present an overview of the functional mechanisms and the diagnostic and prognostic potential of HSPs in CRC. We also discuss emerging anti-CRC strategies based on targeting HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Abi Zamer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.Z.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.E.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.Z.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.Z.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.Z.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.E.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6-5057293
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Mirzaei S, Hashemi F, Samarghandian S, Zabolian A, Hushmandi K, Ang HL, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Ahn KS, Nabavi N, Khan H, Makvandi P, Varma RS. Gallic acid for cancer therapy: Molecular mechanisms and boosting efficacy by nanoscopical delivery. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112576. [PMID: 34571052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Majority of recent research efforts in the field aim to address why cancer resistance to therapy develops and how to overcome or prevent it. In line with this, novel anti-cancer compounds are desperately needed for chemoresistant cancer cells. Phytochemicals, in view of their pharmacological activities and capacity to target various molecular pathways, are of great interest in the development of therapeutics against cancer. Plant-derived-natural products have poor bioavailability which restricts their anti-tumor activity. Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid exclusively found in natural sources such as gallnut, sumac, tea leaves, and oak bark. In this review, we report on the most recent research related to anti-tumor activities of GA in various cancers with a focus on its underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular pathwaysthat that lead to apoptosis and migration of cancer cells. GA down-regulates the expression of molecular pathways involved in cancer progression such as PI3K/Akt. The co-administration of GA with chemotherapeutic agents shows improvements in suppressing cancer malignancy. Various nano-vehicles such as organic- and inorganic nano-materials have been developed for targeted delivery of GA at the tumor site. Here, we suggest that nano-vehicles improve GA bioavailability and its ability for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Phd student of pharmacology, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Pinzaru I, Chioibas R, Marcovici I, Coricovac D, Susan R, Predut D, Georgescu D, Dehelean C. Rutin Exerts Cytotoxic and Senescence-Inducing Properties in Human Melanoma Cells. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090226. [PMID: 34564377 PMCID: PMC8472636 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma represents the deadliest type of skin cancer with narrow treatment options in advanced stages. Herbal constituents possessing anticancer properties occupy a particular spot in melanoma research as potential chemotherapeutics. Rutin (RUT) is a natural compound exerting antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, UV-filtering, and SPF-enhancing activities that are beneficial to the skin; however, its effect as an anti-melanoma agent is less investigated. The current study is focused on assessing the cytotoxic potential of RUT against two different human melanoma cell lines: RPMI-7951 and SK-MEL-28 by evaluating its impact in terms of cell viability, cells’ morphology, and nuclear aspect assessment, and senescence-inducing properties. The results indicate a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of both cell lines, with calculated IC50 values of 64.49 ± 13.27 µM for RPMI-7951 cells and 47.44 ± 2.41 µM for SK-MEL-28, respectively, accompanied by a visible reduction in the cell confluency and apoptotic features within the cell nuclei. RUT exerted a senescence-inducing property highlighted by the elevated expression of senescent-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) in SK-MEL-28 cells. Despite the in vitro anti-melanoma effect revealed by our results, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of RUT-induced cytotoxicity and senescence in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Pinzaru
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.); (C.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raul Chioibas
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (R.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.); (C.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.); (C.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (R.S.); Tel.: +40-743-092-959 (D.C.); +40-744-337-091 (R.S.)
| | - Razvan Susan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (R.C.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (R.S.); Tel.: +40-743-092-959 (D.C.); +40-744-337-091 (R.S.)
| | - Denisa Predut
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Doina Georgescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (R.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.); (C.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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26
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Özgöçmen M, Bayram D, Armağan İ, Türel GY, Sevimli M, Şenol N. Is Quercetin Beneficial for Colon Cancer? A Cell Culture Study, Using the Apoptosis Pathways. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:193-200. [PMID: 34170811 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210624110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin (QCT) is a dietary flavonoid with many beneficial effects (e.g., antioxidant, antiaging, antidiabetic, antifungal effects, regulation of gastrointestinal motor activity in humans); furthermore, it induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation. OBJECTIVE The apoptotic effects of OCT were investigated on SW480 human colon cancer cell lines in monolayer and spheroid cultures. METHODS Quercetin (40-200 μM) was applied, and inhibitory concentration (IC50) doses were determined for three-time intervals (24, 48, and 72 h). The effective dose was determined and applied for analyses, including staining with BrdU to investigate cell proliferation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick, and labeling (TUNEL) to investigate apoptosis, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Caspase-3 to investigate caspase-dependent or independent apoptotic pathways. RESULTS The effective dose of QCT was determined to be 200 μM and was found to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation at 24, 48, and 72 h, both in 2D and 3D cultures. Significant increases were observed in both caspase-3 and AIF staining, but cells showed greater caspase-3 staining compared with AIF staining at all time intervals (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The QCT treatment groups showed more cell death and less cell growth than the untreated control groups in both 2D and 3D cultures of SW480 cell lines. The results suggest that quercetin induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, and has a protective role against colon cancer. However, further studies are needed to clarify its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Özgöçmen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bayram
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - İlkay Armağan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Yavuz Türel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel Universtiy, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Murat Sevimli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nurgül Şenol
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Healty Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Yammine A, Namsi A, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Mackrill JJ, Lizard G, Latruffe N. Polyphenols of the Mediterranean Diet and Their Metabolites in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:3483. [PMID: 34201125 PMCID: PMC8227701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a central element of a healthy lifestyle, where polyphenols play a key role due to their anti-oxidant properties, and for some of them, as nutripharmacological compounds capable of preventing a number of diseases, including cancer. Due to the high prevalence of intestinal cancer (ranking second in causing morbidity and mortality), this review is focused on the beneficial effects of selected dietary phytophenols, largely present in Mediterranean cooking: apigenin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin-rutine, and resveratrol. The role of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of colorectal cancer and future perspectives are discussed in terms of food polyphenol content, the effectiveness, the plasma level, and the importance of other factors, such as the polyphenol metabolites and the influence of the microbiome. Perspectives are discussed in terms of microbiome-dependency of the brain-second brain axis. The emergence of polyphenol formulations may strengthen the efficiency of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Yammine
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (A.N.); (G.L.)
| | - Amira Namsi
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (A.N.); (G.L.)
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Team OCS, Institute of Molecular Chemistry of University of Burgundy (ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - John J. Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, BioScience Institute, College Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (A.N.); (G.L.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (A.N.); (G.L.)
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Ponte LGS, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Severino MB, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:2029. [PMID: 33918290 PMCID: PMC8038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent an important group of bioactive compounds derived from plant-based foods and beverages with known biological activity in cells. From the modulation of inflammation to the inhibition of cell proliferation, flavonoids have been described as important therapeutic adjuvants against several diseases, including diabetes, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and cancer. Cancer is a complex and multifactor disease that has been studied for years however, its prevention is still one of the best known and efficient factors impacting the epidemiology of the disease. In the molecular and cellular context, some of the mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and the progression of the disease are understood, known as the hallmarks of cancer. In this text, we review important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle, and analyze the known mechanisms of action of flavonoids in cancer. The current literature provides enough evidence supporting that flavonoids may be important adjuvants in cancer therapy, highlighting the importance of healthy and balanced diets to prevent the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms (LMS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
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Yu S, Kim SR, Jiang K, Ogrodnik M, Zhu XY, Ferguson CM, Tchkonia T, Lerman A, Kirkland JL, Lerman LO. Quercetin Reverses Cardiac Systolic Dysfunction in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet: Role of Angiogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8875729. [PMID: 33688395 PMCID: PMC7914089 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8875729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Global consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) is associated with an increased incidence of cardiometabolic syndrome and cardiac injury, warranting identification of cardioprotective strategies. Cardioprotective effects of quercetin (Q) have mostly been evaluated in ischemic heart disease models and attributed to senolysis. We hypothesized that Q could alleviate murine cardiac damage caused by HFD by restoring the myocardial microcirculation. C57BL/6J mice were fed standard chow or HFD for 6 months and then treated with Q (50 mg/kg) or vehicle 5-day biweekly for 10 additional weeks. Left ventricular (LV) cardiac function was studied in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging, and intramyocardial fat deposition, microvascular density, oxidative stress, and senescence were analyzed ex vivo. Additionally, direct angiogenic effects of Q were studied in vitro in HUVECs. HFD increased body weight, heart weight, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, whereas Q normalized heart weight and triglycerides. LV ejection fraction was lower in HFD vs. control mice (56.20 ± 15.8% vs. 73.38 ± 5.04%, respectively, P < 0.05), but improved in HFD + Q mice (67.42 ± 7.50%, P < 0.05, vs. HFD). Q also prevented cardiac fat accumulation and reduced HFD-induced cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and vascular rarefaction. Cardiac senescence was not observed in any group. In vitro, ox-LDL reduced HUVEC tube formation activity, which Q effectively improved. Quercetin may directly induce angiogenesis and decrease myocardial oxidative stress, which might account for its cardioprotective effects in the murine HFD-fed murine heart independently from senolytic activity. Furthermore, its beneficial effects might be partly attributed to a decrease in plasma triglycerides and intramyocardial fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Seo Rin Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Nephrology and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical and Experimental Traumatology Donaueschingenstraße 13, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiang Y. Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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30
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Zhao L, Wang H, Du X. The therapeutic use of quercetin in ophthalmology: recent applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111371. [PMID: 33561647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural flavonol antioxidant found in various plant sources and food samples. It is well known for its notable curative effects on the treatment of ophthalmic diseases due to various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrosis activities. This review will discuss the latest developments in therapeutic quercetin for the treatment of keratoconus, Graves' orbitopathy, ocular surface, cataracts, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, and other retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Zhao
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261021, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Xianli Du
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
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Anti-Cancer Potential of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids Present in Cannabis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071985. [PMID: 32708138 PMCID: PMC7409346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, and even more since its legalization in several jurisdictions, cannabis and the endocannabinoid system have received an increasing amount of interest related to their potential exploitation in clinical settings. Cannabinoids have been suggested and shown to be effective in the treatment of various conditions. In cancer, the endocannabinoid system is altered in numerous types of tumours and can relate to cancer prognosis and disease outcome. Additionally, cannabinoids display anticancer effects in several models by suppressing the proliferation, migration and/or invasion of cancer cells, as well as tumour angiogenesis. However, the therapeutic use of cannabinoids is currently limited to the treatment of symptoms and pain associated with chemotherapy, while their potential use as cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy still requires validation in patients. Along with cannabinoids, cannabis contains several other compounds that have also been shown to exert anti-tumorigenic actions. The potential anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids, present in cannabis, are explored in this literature review.
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