1
|
Choudhary A, Barik A, Singh V, Gorwadkar AS, Datta MR, Ray A, Ghosh MD. Comparative Study of Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With COVID-19 Disease During the Three Waves of the Pandemic in Eastern India. Cureus 2024; 16:e67021. [PMID: 39280414 PMCID: PMC11402468 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare systems around the world were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple waves were experienced by most countries, and clinical symptoms and severity varied between these waves. A COVID-19 infection in pregnant women may result in complications for both the mother and the fetus and thus pose an additional challenge for clinicians. The study of the different presentations, complications, and pregnancy outcomes during the three waves is important to study the effect of the disease on pregnant women. Objective This study aimed to analyze and compare the clinical presentations, comorbid conditions, complications, and pregnancy outcomes in women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the three waves of the pandemic. Methodology The present study is a comparative study undertaken at Tata Main Hospital, a referral hospital in Jamshedpur in eastern India. The study period was from May 2020 to February 2022 and was divided according to the three waves of the pandemic. The duration of the first wave was between 1st May 2020 and 28th February 2021; the second wave was between 1st March 2021 and 31st October 2021; and the third wave was between 1st November 2021 and 28th February 2022. A total of 306 pregnant women tested positive for COVID-19 disease during the study period. A retrospective collection of data was done, and clinical findings, laboratory results, comorbid conditions, and outcomes were compared across the three waves. Results During the first wave of the pandemic, 139 COVID-19-positive pregnant women were admitted to our hospital. During the second wave, 110 admitted pregnant women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and during the third wave, 57 pregnant women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Asymptomatic or mild disease was the most commonly seen presentation during all the waves, but a significantly higher number of moderate and severe cases were seen during the second wave. The second wave also witnessed a higher rate of cesarean sections when compared to the other two waves. The preterm delivery rate was 27.8%, 24.7%, and 25% during the first, second, and third waves of the pandemic, respectively. The third wave of the pandemic had the highest percentage of stillbirths, which was significantly higher than both the first and second waves. The COVID-19 test was positive in four babies during the study period. Conclusion The severity of COVID-19 disease varied among the three waves, and the second wave recorded the maximum number of moderate and severe cases. Maternal mortality was also significantly higher during the second wave. The rate of preterm deliveries was high during all the waves, and the incidence of stillbirths was highest during the third wave.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana Barik
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | - Vinita Singh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | | | - Mamta R Datta
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | - Alokananda Ray
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | - Mousumi D Ghosh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Misra P, Singh AK, Mishra B, Behera B, Patro BK, Medigeshi GR, Joshi HS, Ahmad M, Chaturvedi PK, Chinnakali P, Haldar P, Bairwa M, Kharya P, Dhodapkar R, Rath R, Guleria R, Rai SK, Kar SS, Kant S, Sarkar S, Baidya S, Meena S, Mandal S, Kishore S, Majumder T, Hada V. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics up to 6 months of follow-up: Result from a nation-wide population-based, age stratified sero-epidemiological prospective cohort study in India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287807. [PMID: 38079384 PMCID: PMC10712846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated serological testing tells about the change in the overall infection in a community. This study aimed to evaluate changes in antibody prevalence and kinetics in a closed cohort over six months in different sub-populations in India. The study included 10,000 participants from rural and urban areas in five states and measured SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum in three follow-up rounds. The overall seroprevalence increased from 73.9% in round one to 90.7% in round two and 92.9% in round three. Among seropositive rural participants in round one, 98.2% remained positive in round two, and this percentage remained stable in urban and tribal areas in round three. The results showed high antibody prevalence that increased over time and was not different based on area, age group, or sex. Vaccinated individuals had higher antibody prevalence, and nearly all participants had antibody positivity for up to six months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Misra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Baijayantimala Mishra
- Department Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Bijayini Behera
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Binod Kumar Patro
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Hari Shanker Joshi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- World Health Organization, WHO Country Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Palanivel Chinnakali
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Partha Haldar
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Bairwa
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kharya
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rahul Dhodapkar
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ramashankar Rath
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Rai
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Sarkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Subrata Baidya
- Department of Community Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, India
| | - Suneeta Meena
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suprakash Mandal
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tapan Majumder
- Department of Microbiology, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, India
| | - Vivek Hada
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shahapur PR, Shahapur R, Kandi V, Suvvari TK, Vadakedath S. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e26807. [PMID: 35971342 PMCID: PMC9373877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from the Chinese mainland has spread throughout the world affecting the normal lives of the people. Both developed and developing nations have been equally affected and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulted in the death of millions of people worldwide. The virus is undergoing mutations and is evolving into variants that are responsible for wave after wave. This study was carried out to assess the clinical outcomes of people infected with the novel virus during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods The study was carried out between November 2021 and January 2022 and included 100 consecutive patients attending the hospital attached to the BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, South India. All patients included in the study returned a positive report in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patient details collected included age, sex, cycle threshold (Ct) values for envelope (E)/nucleocapsid (N), and Orf1b (open reading frame 1b) genes, hospitalization status, vaccine status, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and final clinical outcome. The data were entered into Microsoft Office Excel sheets, and statistical inferences were drawn using SPSS 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Of the 100 patients included in the study, only 14 (14%) patients were vaccinated. The patient's mean age was 34.22±17.50. Among the vaccinated patients, the majority had taken COVISHIELD™ (85.71%) compared to COVAXIN® (14.29%). Only 14% of patients were symptomatic, and the mean Ct values among all the patients were 29.92±3.74 (E gene/N gene) and 27.6±4.78 (Orf1B gene). Eight (8%) patients were hospitalized, and all the patients recovered from the infection. Among the hospitalized patients, six (75%) were vaccinated. The mean age of the hospitalized patients was 43.8±14.25 years. The mean CRP, D-dimer, and IL-6 concentrations among the hospitalized patients were noted to be 22.375±16.58 mg/L, 654.325±577.24 ng/mL, and 5.075±2.15 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The study results demonstrate that despite unvaccinated status, most patients in the third wave had only suffered from asymptomatic infection. Moreover, people who developed a clinical infection and those who required hospitalization had an uneventful recovery irrespective of their vaccination status.
Collapse
|