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Mishra S, Mondal R, Pillai JSK, Sahoo MC. Management of COVID-19 during the second wave at a tertiary care public hospital in Eastern India: An experience from the administrative control room. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2733-2737. [PMID: 38186772 PMCID: PMC10771191 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1444_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Though many arrangements had been made during the first wave, multiple complaints were reported regarding the arrangements made for COVID patients. The control room was set up as a 24 × 7 administrative coordination center to attend to issues after the initial setup of COVID units. Aim To identify the major problems reported to the control room during the second wave of COVID-19 and find the related cause for the same. Methods and Materials Issues reported to the control room were recorded from April to June (2021). The control room residents were asked to allocate each problem into six categories. Next, the residents allotted a frequency score to each of the problems depending on how regularly it was reported. Secondary data from various reports were also considered. Statistical Analysis Used Data were analyzed using MS Excel software. Results Various administrative issues were identified to be due to issues in communication and coordination (23%), policy and procedures (22%), human resource and training (16%), administration and implementation (15%), infrastructure (14%), and HMIS and IT (10%). Conclusion Most frequent problems reported to the control room were related to infrastructure, policy implementation, and manpower training. After the initial implementation of new processes, there was a requirement for regular follow-up and coordination. This model of setting up an administrative control room and evidence-based approach will serve as a template for public hospitals to ensure coordination of hospital operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Mishra
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ramkrishna Mondal
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jawahr S. K. Pillai
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mukunda Chandra Sahoo
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Lenin A, Abraham K, David LS, Tirkey RS, Mani T, Jasmine S, Sathyendra S. Comparison between the demographic shift clinical severity and outcome of the first two waves of COVID-19 in pregnancy in a tertiary hospital in India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163:586-593. [PMID: 37184055 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study and compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnancy during the two waves of the pandemic in India. METHODS This observational, retrospective cohort study on pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted in a 2700-bed tertiary referral center in South India from March 1, 2020 to June 30 2021. The clinical presentation, severity, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19 were compared between the two waves. RESULTS A total of 623 pregnant women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in our institute; 379 (60.8%) were diagnosed during the first wave and 244 (39.2%) in the second wave. Most of the affected women (81.1%) were in their third trimester. Maternal mortality rate was 823 per 100 000 live births. Composite maternal outcome (increasing requirement for ventilation, pulmonary embolism, disease progression) were more pronounced during the second wave (2.1% vs 6.1%). Between the two waves, both maternal (1 vs 3; P = 0.162) and perinatal (3.2% vs 6.7%; P = 0.065) deaths were higher during the second wave. The cesarean section rate was high during the first wave (48% vs 32.4%; P < 0.001). Preterm births were comparable between the two waves (19.5% vs 22%; P < 0.500). CONCLUSION The women presented with more severe illness during the second wave of COVID-19. There was higher perinatal mortality, but the maternal mortality was similar between the two waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrin Lenin
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Abraham
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Liji Sarah David
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Richa Sasmita Tirkey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thenmozhi Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Jasmine
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumya Sathyendra
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jain V, Shobha V, Kumar S, Janardana R, Selvam S. Comparison of Risk Factors During First and Second Wave of COVID-19 in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (AIRD): Results from KRACC Subset. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2023; 34:342-348. [PMID: 37941863 PMCID: PMC10628883 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.20230827.co] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The differential influence and outcome of various risk factors on occurrence of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) during different COVID-19 peaks is underreported. Aim To assess the impact and outcome of conventional risk factors, immunosuppressants, and comorbidities on the risk of COVID-19 among AIRD patients during the first two COVID-19 peaks. Design Prospective, non-interventional longitudinal cohort study. Methods This is a subset of the KRA COVID19 cohort undertaken during the initial wave of COVID-19 (W1) (Apr-Dec2021); and the 2nd-wave (W2) (Jan-Aug2021). Data collected included description of AIRD subsets, treatment characteristics, comorbidities, and COVID-19 occurrence. Risk factors associated with mortality were analysed. The incidence rate was compared with that of the general population in the same geographic region. Results AIRD patients (n=2969) had a higher incidence of COVID-19 in the W2 (7.1%) than in the W1 (1.7%) as compared to the general population (Government bulletin). Age (p<0.01) and duration of AIRD (p<0.001) influenced COVID-19 occurrence in W2 while major disease subsets and immunosuppressants including glucocorticoids did not. The W2 had lower HCQ usage (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]-0.81) and comorbidities like hypertension (AOR -0.54) and pre-existing lung disease (AOR -0.38;0.19-0.75) compared to W1. Older age (1.11) and coexistent diabetes mellitus (AOR 6.74) were independent risk factors associated with mortality in W2. Conclusions We report 1.7 times higher occurrence, and no influence of major disease subsets or immunosuppressants including glucocorticoids on COVID-19. Age and diabetes were independent risk factors for mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramraj Jain
- Clinical Immunology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vineeta Shobha
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharath Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, Optima Arthritis and Rheumatology Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramya Janardana
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumithra Selvam
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Mukhopadhyay A, Kb G, Debata I, Bv C, Prakash M, J T. COVID-19 Mortality in the Delta Wave in India: A Hospital-Based Study From Ramanagara District, Karnataka. Cureus 2023; 15:e43678. [PMID: 37724226 PMCID: PMC10505258 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) disease spread rapidly over the world since its inception in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. India too was crippled by the burden of high caseloads and deaths. The first death caused by COVID-19 in Karnataka was reported on March 13, 2020. There is a plethora of information on the descriptive statistics, epidemiology, and management of COVID-19 cases. However, there has not been an in-depth and extensive exploration of COVID-19 mortality data in terms of published research from India. The study area was a 300 bedded tertiary care center in Ramnagara district, Karnataka. During the second wave, 150 beds were dedicated to COVID-19 cases referred from government centers. This study was carried out to assess the in-hospital mortality at this institute during the second wave. The expected outcome of this study was to shed light on co-morbidities associated with mortality, the age and sex distribution in mortality, and any other significant factors influencing mortality due to COVID-19. METHODOLOGY A hospital-based, retrospective, and observational-analytical study was carried out during April-August 2021, the second wave of COVID-19. The data included all deaths recorded in-hospital during the dedicated COVID-19 referral center status. Data were collected from case sheets and mortality audit forms that included basic demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities, admission pathway, transfer to ICU, oxygen therapy, ventilator requirement, duration of hospitalization, laboratory profile, and management modalities prior to death. Data were compiled into Microsoft Excel and were analyzed with JASP software (open source). Data were interpreted in terms of frequencies, averages with standard deviation, and bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS We analyzed mortality audits of 91 adult patients and one neonate. The male-to-female ratio was 1.67:1 (> 60% male), with an average age of 53.4 years (standard deviation 15.4 years). Most of the patients fell in the age range of 36 to 65 years (65%). The average duration was 5.6 days (range 0-35 days). The most common symptom was fever (84, 92.31%), followed by breathlessness (77, 84.62%) and fatigue (65, 71.43%). Only 10 had a positive contact history and only one patient reported travel to a containment zone. The source of infection was indeterminate in the majority of cases. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the commonest associated comorbidities. Almost three-quarters of the patients were tachypneic at admission and nearly 90% had low levels which included 43 patients with critically low SpO2. The inflammatory indicators, such as WBC count, CRP, and d-dimer, were raised in many patients (WBC count raised in 40% and d-dimer, CRP raised in > 50% of cases). A striking 83% of the patients had hyperglycemia. The most common immediate cause of death pertained to the respiratory system (ARDS, refractory hypoxia, respiratory) in more than half of the patients. CONCLUSION This study reported the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 91 adult COVID-19 mortality cases at a teaching hospital at the peak of the Delta wave in Karnataka. While inflammatory indicators such as WBC count, CRP, and d-dimer were raised in many patients, our most remarkable finding was the high frequency of hyperglycemia. The findings of our study would contribute to enhancing the understanding of the clinical correlates and progression of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Mukhopadhyay
- Community Medicine, Institute of Health Management Research Bangalore (IHMR-B), Bangalore, IND
| | - Geetha Kb
- Forensic Medicine, Dr. Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bangalore, IND
| | - Ipsita Debata
- Community Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Charithra Bv
- Anesthesiology, DM Wayanand Institute of Medical Sciences, Wayanad, IND
| | - Manju Prakash
- Forensic Medicine, Dr. Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bangalore, IND
| | - Tejas J
- Forensic Medicine, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Maduranthakam, IND
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Walekhwa AW, Nakazibwe B, Nantongo M, Wafula ST, Bulafu D, Ayugi B, Nankabirwa C, Nsereko G, Nalweyiso MD, Tindyebwa T, Mayega RW, Ekiri AB, Bagenda D, Musenero M, Mugisha L. COVID-19 second wave and clinical characteristics of cases in Uganda: A retrospective cross-sectional survey of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, March-June 2021. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e142. [PMID: 37489514 PMCID: PMC10894928 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional population-based survey among recovered COVID-19 cases in Uganda to establish the case presentations of the second wave SARS-CoV-2 infections. We interviewed 1,120 recovered COVID-19 cases from 10 selected districts in Uganda. We further conducted 38 key informant interviews with members of the COVID-19 District Taskforce and 19 in-depth interviews among COVID-19 survivors from March to June 2021. Among them, 62% were aged 39 years and below and 51.5% were female with 90.9% under home-based care management. Cases were more prevalent among businesspeople (25.9%), students (16.2%), farmers (16.1%), and health workers (12.4%). Being asymptomatic was found to be associated with not seeking healthcare (APR 2, P < 0.001). The mortality rate was 3.6% mostly among the elderly (6.3%) and 31.3% aged 40 years and above had comorbidities of high blood pressure, diabetes, and asthma. Being asymptomatic, or under home-based care management (HBCM), working/operating/studying at schools, and not being vaccinated were among the major drivers of the second wave of the resurgence of COVID19 in Uganda. Managing future COVID-19 waves calls for proactive efforts for improving homebased care services, ensuring strict observation of SOPs in schools, and increasing the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Wilson Walekhwa
- Science, Technology and Innovation Secretariat- Office of the President, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brenda Nakazibwe
- Science, Technology and Innovation Secretariat- Office of the President, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Nantongo
- Science, Technology and Innovation Secretariat- Office of the President, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Douglas Bulafu
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brenda Ayugi
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Caroline Nankabirwa
- Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Martha Dorcas Nalweyiso
- Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tonny Tindyebwa
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Monica Musenero
- Science, Technology and Innovation Secretariat- Office of the President, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lawrence Mugisha
- Science, Technology and Innovation Secretariat- Office of the President, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Kampala, Uganda
- Ecohealth Research Group, Conservation and Ecosystem Health Alliance (CEHA), Kampala, Uganda
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Dogra A, Krishna V, Parkash A, Mehta A, Varma T. Evaluation of Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Between First Wave and Second Wave: Study From a Tertiary Cancer Care Centre, Delhi, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e35386. [PMID: 36994249 PMCID: PMC10042523 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The second wave of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) had several severe consequences in the form of rising cases, deaths, and overwhelming health infrastructure in India. However, the similarities and differences between the characteristics of the first and second waves have yet to be explained. The objectives of the study were to compare the incidence, clinical management, and mortality rates between two waves. Methods The COVID-19 data collated from Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi between the first wave (1 April 2020 to 27 February 2021) and second wave (1 March 2021 to 30 June 2021) were evaluated in terms of incidence, the clinical course of the disease, and mortality rates. Results The number of subjects hospitalized in the first and second waves was 289 and 564, respectively. Compared to the first wave, the proportion of patients with severe disease was higher (9.7% vs. 37.8%). Several parameters such as age group, grade of disease, the reason for hospitalization, values of peripheral oxygen saturation, type of respiratory support, response to therapy, vital status, and others show statistically significant differences between the two waves (P<0.001). The mortality rate in the second wave was significantly higher (20.2% vs. 2.4%, P<0.001) than in the first wave. Interpretation and conclusions The clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 significantly differ between the first and second waves. There is a higher incidence of hospitalized patients (66.1% vs. 33.9%) with drastically increased case fatality rate in the second wave. Disease severity in the first wave is four times lower than in the second wave. The second wave was quite devastating, which led to the shortage of critical care facilities and the loss of a significant number of lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Dogra
- Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, IND
| | - Vidya Krishna
- Department of Research and Development, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, IND
| | - Anuj Parkash
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, IND
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Services and Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, IND
| | - Tarun Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, IND
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Vasanthapuram VH, Gupta R, Adulkar N, Nair AG, Bradoo RA, Hegde R, Singh U, Tadepalli S, Mukherjee B, Kamal S, Alam MS, Rao R, Ananthakrishna S, Backiavathy V, Murthy AK, D'Cunha L, Dudeja G, Joji A, Kiran A, Koka K, Goswami Mukhopadhyay M, Nisar SP, Rao PR, Shinde CA. A fungal epidemic amidst a viral pandemic: Risk factors for development of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in India. Orbit 2023; 42:30-41. [PMID: 35192435 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2021.2020851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the risk factors for development of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. METHODS Multi-centric retrospective case-control study conducted from October 2020 to May 2021. Cases comprised of consecutive patients of COVID-19-associated ROCM (CA-ROCM) presenting at the participating ophthalmic institutes. Controls comprised of COVID-19-positive or COVID-19-recovered patients who did not develop ROCM. Comparative analysis of demographic, COVID-19 infection, treatment parameters and vaccination status between cases and controls performed. Clinical and imaging features of CA-ROCM analyzed. RESULTS There were 179 cases and 361 controls. Mean age of presentation in cases was 52.06 years (p = .001) with male predominance (69.83%, p = .000011). Active COVID-19 infection at the time of presentation of ROCM (57.54%, p < .0001), moderate to severe COVID-19 (p < .0001), steroid administration (OR 3.63, p < .00001), uncontrolled diabetes (OR 32.83, p < .00001), random blood sugar >178 mg/dl were associated with development of CA-ROCM. Vaccination showed a protective effect (p = .0049). In cases with intracranial or cavernous sinus extension there was history of steroid administration (OR 2.89, p = .024) and orbital apex involvement on imaging (OR 6.202, p = .000037) compared to those with only rhino-orbital disease. CONCLUSION Male gender, active COVID-19 infection, moderate or severe COVID-19, uncontrolled diabetes, steroid administration during COVID-19 treatment are risk factors for developing rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. Vaccination is protective. Random blood sugar of >178 mg/dl in COVID-19 positive or recovered patients should warrant close observation and early detection of ROCM. Presence of ophthalmoplegia, blepharoptosis at first clinical presentation and orbital apex involvement on imaging are associated with intracranial extension in ROCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roshmi Gupta
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Namrata Adulkar
- Orbit & Oculoplasty Services, Sunayan Eye Care and Aesthetic Clinic, Pune, India
| | - Akshay Gopinathan Nair
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery and Ocular Oncology Services, Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery and Ocular Oncology Services, Advanced Eye Hospital & institute, Advanced Eye Hospital & Institute, Navi Mumbai India.,Department of Ophthalmology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai
| | - Renuka A Bradoo
- Department of ENT, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai
| | - Raghuraj Hegde
- Orbit, Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery & Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Usha Singh
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Advanced Eye Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sameeksha Tadepalli
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Advanced Eye Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Saurabh Kamal
- Orbit & Oculoplasty Services, EYEHUB, Faridabad, India
| | - Md Shahid Alam
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, India
| | - Raksha Rao
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Varsha Backiavathy
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Lynn D'Cunha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai
| | - Gagan Dudeja
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Annie Joji
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Anjali Kiran
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Kirti Koka
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sonam Poonam Nisar
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Priyanka R Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai
| | - Chhaya A Shinde
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai
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Siafaka V, Tsonis O, Christogiannis C, Kontouli KM, Margariti K, Barbalia Z, Flindris S, Manifava E, Paschopoulou KI, Tzioras S, Baltogianni M, Mavridis D, Paschopoulos M. Psychometric properties of the Greek versions of the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale and the Pandemic-Related Postpartum Stress Scale and associated risk factors during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e25. [PMID: 36721918 PMCID: PMC9970181 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected perinatal mental health. Reliable tools are needed to assess perinatal stress during pandemic situations. AIMS To assess the psychometric properties of the Greek versions of the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) and the Pandemic-Related Postpartum Stress Scale (PREPS-PP) and to explore the associations between women's characteristics and perinatal stress during the second pandemic wave. METHODS The PREPS and PREPS-PP were completed by 264 pregnant and 188 postpartum women, respectively, who also completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS). RESULTS The internal consistency was similar for PREPS and PREPS-PP. It was good for preparedness stress (a = 0.77 and α = 0.71, respectively) and infection stress (α = 0.83 for both scales) but low for positive appraisal (α = 0.46 and α = 0.41, respectively). Of the pregnant women, 55.33% and 55.27%, respectively, reported scores of ≥40 on STAI-S and STAI-T, and the respective percentages for the postpartum women were 47.34% and 46.80%. In addition, 14.39% of the pregnant women and 20.74% of the postpartum women scored ≥13 on the EPDS. Higher preparedness stress on PREPS and PREPS-PP was associated with primiparity (P = 0.022 and P = 0.021, respectively) and disrupted perinatal care (P = 0.069 and P = 0.007, respectively). In postpartum women, higher infection stress was associated with chronic disease (P = 0.037), primiparity (P = 0.02) and perceived risk of infection (P = 0.065). Higher score on infection stress was associated with disrupted perinatal care in both groups (P = 0.107 and P = 0.010, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The Greek versions of PREPS and PREPS-PP are valid tools for the assessment of women at risk of perinatal stress during a health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orestis Tsonis
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christos Christogiannis
- Evidence Synthesis Methods Team, Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katerina-Maria Kontouli
- Evidence Synthesis Methods Team, Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kalypso Margariti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Zoe Barbalia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefanos Flindris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Manifava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Baltogianni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Mavridis
- Evidence Synthesis Methods Team, Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Minas Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Agrawal P, Ansari T, Wade P, Save S, Kondekar A, Rathi S, Malik S. Clinical characteristics & severity profile of children with COVID-19 during the second wave pandemic: An experience from tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:92-95. [PMID: 37040233 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_813_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective observational study was aimed at defining the demographic and clinical characteristics as well as severity profile of COVID-19 disease in children admitted to dedicated COVID-19 tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India, during the second wave. COVID-19 infection detected in children (1 month-12 years) by the rapid antigen test or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or TRUENAT from March 1 to July 31, 2021 on throat/nasopharyngeal samples were enrolled and their clinical features and outcomes were studied. During the study period, 77 children with COVID-19 infection were admitted, of whom two-third (59.7%) were <5 yr old. The common presenting symptom was fever (77%), followed by respiratory distress. Comorbidities were noted in 34 (44.2%) children. Most of the patients belonged to the mild severity category (41.55%). While 25.97 per cent of patients presented in severe category and 19.48 per cent were asymptomatic. Admission to intensive care was needed in 20 (25.9%) patients, with 13 patients needing invasive ventilation. Nine patients succumbed while 68 were discharged. The results might help understand the course, severity profile and outcomes of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorvi Agrawal
- Department of Paediatrics, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tazeem Ansari
- Department of Paediatrics, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam Wade
- Department of Paediatrics, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushma Save
- Department of Paediatrics, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alpana Kondekar
- Department of Paediatrics, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surbhi Rathi
- Department of Paediatrics, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushma Malik
- Department of Paediatrics, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Folefack GT, Yambayamba MK, Tshiminyi PM, Kazenza BM, Otshudiema JO, Guinko NT, Umba MD, Mulumba A, Baketana LK, Mukadi PK, Smith C, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Makiala-Mandanda S. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence after Second COVID-19 Wave (October 2020-April 2021), Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:89-97. [PMID: 36573545 PMCID: PMC9796206 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.221009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic surveys are important tools for estimating the true burden of COVID-19 in a given population. After the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a household-based survey conducted in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, estimated >292 infections going undiagnosed for every laboratory-confirmed case. To ascertain the cumulative population exposure in Kinshasa after the second wave of COVID-19, we conducted a prospective population-based cross-sectional study using a highly sensitive and specific ELISA kit. The survey included 2,560 consenting persons from 585 households; 55% were female and 45% male. The overall population-weighted, test kit-adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 76.5% (95% CI 74.5%-78.5%). The seroprevalence was 4-fold higher than during the first wave, and positivity was associated with age, household average monthly income, and level of education. Evidence generated from this population-based survey can inform COVID-19 response, especially vaccination campaign strategies in the context of vaccine shortages and hesitancy.
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Lehmann M, Peeters S, Streuter M, Nawrocki M, Kösters K, Kröger K. [COVID 19 - Hospital Admission in the First and Second Wave in Germany]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022; 148:e14-e20. [PMID: 36535644 PMCID: PMC9904965 DOI: 10.1055/a-1951-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We analyzed patients' characteristics and hospital admission in Germany's first and second COVID 19 wave. METHODS We include all patients hospitalized with the proven diagnosis COVID 19 admitted to the HELIOS Hospital Krefeld, Germany, in the first wave (n = 84; from 11.03.2020-30.06.2020) and the second wave (n = 344; from 01.07.2020-31.01.2021). RESULTS Patients' age, gender and comorbidities were similar with the exception of venous thrombosis in medical history which was more frequent in the first wave (6 % vs 0.3 %, p = p = 0,001). At admission, there were no differences in the results of the initial lab values (c-reactive protein, leucocytes) and blood gas analyses between both groups. Treatment differed in the application of dexamethasone and anticoagulation. In the first wave, nobody received dexamethasone. However, this changed to 52.6 % of patients in the second wave for a mean length of 3.6 ± 4.1 days. Anticoagulation with double standard prophylaxis (2 × 40 mg low molecular heparin, subcutaneous) was applied in 7.1 % of patients in the first wave but 30.2 % (p = 0.002) in the second wave. In the first wave more thromboembolic events were diagnosed after admission (19.0 % vs 7.0 %, p = 0.001). In-hospital death was 26.2 % in the first wave and 15.4 % in the second wave (p = 0.0234). Most deaths were attributed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). CONCLUSION Patients' characteristics did not vary in Germany's first and second COVID 19 wave, but anticoagulation and dexamethasone were applied more frequently in the second wave. In addition, there were fewer thromboembolic complications in the second wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Lehmann
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Schlafmedizin, HELIOS Klinik, Krefeld
| | - Sven Peeters
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Schlafmedizin, HELIOS Klinik, Krefeld
| | - Manuel Streuter
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Schlafmedizin, HELIOS Klinik, Krefeld
| | - Marek Nawrocki
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Schlafmedizin, HELIOS Klinik, Krefeld
| | - Katrin Kösters
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Infektiologie, HELIOS Klinik, Krefeld
| | - Knut Kröger
- Klinik für Gefäßmedizin, HELIOS Klinik, Krefeld
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Finck JM, Bohnet S, Auth K, Tangemann-Münstedt I, Drömann D, Franzen KF. Smoking Behavior and Smoking Cessation Because of and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brief Online Survey 12 Months into the Pandemic and during the Second Wave in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16540. [PMID: 36554420 PMCID: PMC9779274 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is considered a major preventable cause of cardiovascular and lung diseases, as well as cancer. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was extensive discussion about the influence of nicotine use; ultimately, smoking was considered a major risk factor for poor disease progression. Therefore, in April 2021, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional online survey on smoking and vaping behavior, as well as smoking cessation, in four different countries in Europe (the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, and Italy). A total of 3605 participants completed a questionnaire on their smoking and vaping behaviors and smoking cessation because of and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fear of COVID-19 infection, a high percentage of quarantine stays (44.9% Italy and 52.1% Spain), and high infection (75.5% Italy and 52.4% Spain) and death (42% Italy) rates in respondents' personal circles were observed mostly in the surveyed populations of Italy and Spain. Smoking cessation attempts and success were mainly seen in the Italian population and were linked to psychological distress, while the same effects were shown for vaping in Spain. In summary, health anxiety was detected in all cohorts. Despite these findings, smoking as a risk factor for severe outcomes of COVID-19 infection did not lead to a higher rate of smoking cessation attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule M. Finck
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Bohnet
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Auth
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Imke Tangemann-Münstedt
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Drömann
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Klaas F. Franzen
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
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Vicenti G, Bizzoca D, Pesare E, Grasso M, Ginestra W, Moretti B. Second and Third Pandemic Waves in Apulia: How COVID-19 Affected Orthopedic and Trauma Care-A Single-Center Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6526. [PMID: 36362754 PMCID: PMC9654803 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In orthopedics and traumatology, as a direct consequence of the COVID-19 first wave, there was a massive reorganization and a stop to all elective activities, which were postponed. In this study, we aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic surgery in Apulia during the second wave, from March to June 2021 (when Apulia was under social distancing restrictions), and during the third wave, from September to December 2021 (when Apulia was under no restrictions). We compared these months to the same periods in 2019 for an evaluation of the surgical decrease during the pandemic period. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of major orthopedic procedures, day-surgery procedures and urgent procedures (trauma and non-traumatic amputation) performed during the second and third waves of the pandemic in our clinic, and we compared these data with the same procedures performed in the corresponding periods of 2019, before the pandemic. RESULTS Surgical activity was significantly decreased during both periods; the only increase in surgical activity in 2021 compared to 2019 was in total hip, knee and shoulder arthroplasty, with a surge of +7.69% registered in the period September-December 2021. CONCLUSIONS Longer waiting lists and limited healthcare resources were the big challenges for the orthopedic community, and they still represent a substantial issue to confront today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vicenti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Bizzoca
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
- PhD Program in Public Health, Clinical Medicine and Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesare
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Grasso
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Walter Ginestra
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Biagio Moretti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Rodríguez-Rey R, Vega-Marín V, Bueno-Guerra N, Garrido-Hernansaiz H. Evolution of Posttraumatic Symptoms and Related Factors in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e535-e544. [PMID: 35902370 PMCID: PMC9426314 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) evaluate the evolution of mental health (posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSSs], depression, and burnout) of healthcare workers during the second wave of the pandemic (November to December 2020) and compare it with the first wave (March to May 2020), and (2) ascertain the predictors of PTSSs. METHODS In March to May 2020 (T1), 269 healthcare professionals working in Spain completed PTSSs, sadness, resilience, and coping questionnaires. In November to December 2020 (T2, N = 58), we assessed PTSSs, sadness, burnout, and depression. RESULTS Among the healthcare professionals, 63.8% displayed severe PTSSs, 51.7% depressive symptoms, and 79.3% emotional exhaustion (T2). Some risk factors were caring for patients who were severely ill or dying and using rumination, thinking avoidance, self-isolation, emotional expression, and self-blaming as coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS The pandemic has had a deep and long-lasting impact on the healthcare workers' mental health.
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Gupta S, De A, Banerjee R, Sinha Gupta S, Chakraborty A. Public Perception About Pandemic Situation and Preparedness Towards a Probable Lockdown in an Affected Indian State Amidst the Second Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e221. [PMID: 35929360 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 second wave badly affected India. This study assessed public preparedness and attitude towards a new lockdown in the state of West Bengal (WB) along with perception about the COVID pandemic situation. METHODS An anonymous questionnaire was administered to all willing adult attendees of a COVID vaccination centre in Kolkata, capital city of WB. Logistic regression was applied to find the relationship between attitude towards lockdown and other selected independent variables. RESULTS Of the 839 persons analyzed, 72.0% were non-health workers; and 55.4% thought that available vaccines reduce COVID-19 risk. Among them, 54.4% wanted stricter guidelines imposed. For preparedness, 42.6% and 28.8% said they would stock additional food and medicines respectively. On multiple logistic regression, being female, having elderly family members, perceiving the second wave as worse, and favouring stricter restrictions, all had odds of favourable attitude towards the new, proposed lockdown. CONCLUSIONS A new lockdown was favoured by the majority. However, a well-planned and phased approach for this is needed in the light of many concerns about the previous lockdown. Mental health issues, financial security, medical help at hand, and ease of travel to workplaces are important issues that need to be addressed in case of future lockdown(s).
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Das A, Vidyarthi AJ, Khan S, Singh S, Bala K, Wundavalli L, Agarwal M, Ahmed J, Sehgal A, Grover P, Parwez, Narayan M, Das BC, Chauhan A, Bhatnagar S, Mohan A, Singh UB, Chaudhry R. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic in India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2022; 16:959-965. [PMID: 35797289 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION India witnessed the catastrophic second wave of COVID-19 during the summer months of 2021. Many patients with non-resolution of symptoms admitted to dedicated COVID-19 treatment centers required prolonged inpatient care which led to the unavailability of beds for other COVID-19 patients. The objective of this study was to determine the duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients requiring long-term pulmonary care as well as to find out the association between different variables with the persistence of the virus. METHODOLOGY A retrospective chart review of clinical and laboratory data of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 between 1st April 2021 and 15th July 2021 admitted for more than 28 days and requiring long-term pulmonary care was carried out at National Cancer Institute, AIIMS, India. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based tests. Data from all consecutively included patients satisfying the selection criteria were presented temporally and analyzed by Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). RESULTS All 51 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the 5th week of initial laboratory confirmation of COVID-19. The majority of the patients (38; 74.5%) remained positive for viral RNA till the 6th week and the median duration of viral positivity was 45 days. The clinical presentation of SARI at admission was significantly higher among patients with viral persistence till the 6th week (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The median duration of the viral positivity was 45 days and SARI at admission was significantly associated with viral persistence till the 6th week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Jain Vidyarthi
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheetal Singh
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - LaxmiTej Wundavalli
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manali Agarwal
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaweed Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sehgal
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Grover
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parwez
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Maitrayee Narayan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharat Chandra Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia, Palliative Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Urvashi B Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Giorgino R, Soroush E, Soroush S, Malakouti S, Salari H, Vismara V, Migliorini F, Accetta R, Mangiavini L. COVID-19 Elderly Patients Treated for Proximal Femoral Fractures during the Second Wave of Pandemic in Italy and Iran: A Comparison between Two Countries. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58. [PMID: 35744044 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objevtive: The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has affected the various regions of the world differently. Italy and Iran have experienced a different adaptation to coexistence with the pandemic. Above all, fractures of the femur represent a large part of the necessary care for elderly patients. The aim of this study was to compare the treatment in Italy and Iran of COVID-19-positive patients suffering from proximal femur fractures in terms of characteristics, comorbidities, outcomes and complications. Materials and Methods: Medical records of COVID-19-positive patients with proximal femoral fractures treated at IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi in Milan (Italy) and at Salamat Farda and Parsa hospitals in the province of Tehran (Iran), in the time frame from 1 October 2020 to 16 January 2021, were analyzed and compared. Results: Records from 37 Italian patients and 33 Iranian patients were analyzed. The Italian group (mean age: 83.89 ± 1.60 years) was statistically older than the Iranian group (mean age: 75.18 ± 1.62 years) (p value = 0.0003). The mean number of transfusions for each patient in Italy was higher than the Iranian mean number (p value = 0.0062). The length of hospital stay in Italy was longer than in Iran (p value < 0.0001). Furthermore, laboratory values were different in the post-operative value of WBC and admission and post-operative values of CRP. Conclusions: The present study shows that differences were found between COVID-19-positive patients with proximal femoral fractures in these two countries. Further studies are required to validate these results and to better explain the reasons behind these differences.
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Deshpande GR, Bhukya PL, Yadav PD, Salunke A, Patil C, Tilekar BN, Rakhe A, Srivastava R, Gurav YK, Potdar V, Abraham P, Sapkal GN. Comparison of neutralizing antibody response in first and second waves of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in India. J Travel Med 2022; 29:6485192. [PMID: 34963131 PMCID: PMC8807193 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The Delta variant leads to the resurgence of the second wave in India. A 1.51-fold increase in neutralizing antibody response was observed in the second wave compared with first wave, indicating the second wave dominated by the Delta elicited a robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Asha Salunke
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
| | - Chetan Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
| | | | - Aparna Rakhe
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
| | | | | | - Varsha Potdar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
| | - Priya Abraham
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
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Parvin S, Islam MS, Majumdar TK, Ahmed F. Clinicodemographic profile, intensive care unit utilization and mortality rate among COVID-19 patients admitted during the second wave in Bangladesh. IJID Reg 2022; 2:55-59. [PMID: 35721430 PMCID: PMC8639292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The second wave of COVID-19 arrived in Bangladesh in March 2021. This pilot research from a tertiary care COVID-dedicated hospital observed the clinicodemographic profile, intensive care unit (ICU) utilization, and mortality rate among COVID-19 patients admitted during the second wave. METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or chest high-resolution computed tomography confirmed 972 COVID-19 cases included in this cross-sectional study from 24 March to 23 June 2021, recruited using convenience sampling. Data regarding clinicodemographic profile, ICU utilization and mortality rate were analyzed. RESULTS The mean study cohort age was 54.47±12.73 years, with most patients (48.3%) aged 41-60; 64.1% were men. Fever (77.9%) and cough (75.9%) were the most common symptoms, and hypertension (43.6%) and diabetes (42.15%) the most common comorbidities. Nearly half of patients had total lung involvement of 26%-50%, and 23.8% required ICU. Overall mortality was 16.5%, whereas the mortality rate among ICU admitted patients was 56.1%. The most important predictors of mortality were older age, chronic renal illness, the proportion of lung involvement and ICU requirement. CONCLUSIONS We found higher mortality and ICU utilization rate and greater total lung involvement during the second wave. The mortality rate among the elderly and ICU patients was also higher than earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Parvin
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute & Hospital. Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Samiul Islam
- National Institute of Traumatology & orthopedic rehabilitation, (NITOR) Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Touhidul Karim Majumdar
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute & Hospital. Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Faruque Ahmed
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute & Hospital. Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Nalunkuma R, Abila DB, Ssewante N, Kiyimba B, Kigozi E, Kisuza RK, Kasekende F, Nkalubo J, Kalungi S, Muttamba W, Kiguli S. Double Face Mask Use for COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Among Medical Students at Makerere University: A Cross-Section Survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:111-120. [PMID: 35087291 PMCID: PMC8789312 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s347972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The second wave of COVID-19 greatly affected the health care and education systems in Uganda, due to the infection itself and the lockdowns instituted. Double masking has been suggested as a safe alternative to double-layered masks, where the quality of the latter may not be guaranteed. This study aimed to determine patterns of double mask use among undergraduate medical students at Makerere University, Uganda. METHODS We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire. All students enrolled at the College of Health Sciences; Makerere University received the link to this questionnaire to participate. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with double mask use. RESULTS A total of 348 participants were enrolled. The majority (61.8%) were male; the median age was 23 (range: 32) years. Up to 10.3%, 42%, and 4.3% reported past COVID-19 positive test, history of COVID-19 symptoms, and having comorbidities, respectively. Up to 40.8% had been vaccinated against COVID-19. More than half (68.7%) believed double masking was superior to single masking for COVID-19 IPC, but only 20.5% reported double masking. Participants with a past COVID-19 positive test [aOR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.8, p = 0.026] and participants who believed double masks had a superior protective advantage [aOR: 20; 95% CI: 4.9-86.2, p < 0.001] were more likely to double mask. Lack of trust in the quality of masks (46.5%) was the most frequent motivation for double masking, while excessive sweating (68.4%), high cost of masks (66.4%), and difficulty in breathing (66.1%) were the major barriers. CONCLUSION Very few medical students practice double masking to prevent COVID-19. Coupled with inconsistencies in the availability of the recommended four-layered masks in Uganda and increased exposure in lecture rooms and clinical rotations, medical students may be at risk of contracting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Nalunkuma
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Derrick Bary Abila
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nelson Ssewante
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Blaise Kiyimba
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edwin Kigozi
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth Ketty Kisuza
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fulugensio Kasekende
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Nkalubo
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kalungi
- Department of Pathology, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Winters Muttamba
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kiguli
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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21
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Raval M, Rajendran S, Stephen E. The Outcome of Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in COVID-19-Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2022; 56:258-262. [PMID: 34974761 DOI: 10.1177/15385744211068640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionPublished evidence of venous thrombotic complications of COVID-19 is lacking from India. This case series consists of twenty-nine adult patients who were COVID -19 positive and treated for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in India. The study was aimed at analyzing patient demographics of patients with DVT and the outcome of Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (CDT) in COVID positive patients. Material and Methods: Patients who developed DVT while or after being COVID positive were managed between February and April 2021 at the institution of the first two authors and were included in this retrospective study. Demographic, clinical data, laboratory data, and treatment given were analyzed. All patients were followed up for 3 months with a Villalta score. Results: There were a total of 29 patients (12 male and 17 female) included in the study with a mean age of 47 ± 17 years. The average time of presentation from being COVID positive was 17.8 ± 3.6 days and one patient developed DVT after becoming Covid negative. All but one patient had lower limb involvement, with 42.8% having proximal and 57.2% distal DVT. All patients with Iliofemoral and two with Femoropopliteal DVT were treated with catheter-di thrombolysis and the other 15 patients were managed with anticoagulation alone. No re-thrombosis was observed in the thrombolysis group. Overall average Villalta score at 3 months was 10.7 ± 2.1 with a score of 10.58 ± 2.1 in the anticoagulation-only group and 10.85 ± 2.3 in the CDT group. Conclusion: COVID-19 seems to be an additional risk factor in the development of DVT. The outcome of such patients, treated by thrombolysis appears to be similar to non-COVID patients. In this, observational experience of the authors suggests that CDT could be offered to COVID positive patients with symptomatic Iliofemoral DVT with good outcomes and an acceptable post-intervention Villalta score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Raval
- Senior Consultant, Vascular Surgery, 28987Institute of Kidney diseases and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Rajendran
- Senior Consultant, Vascular Surgery, Starcare Hospital, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Edwin Stephen
- Senior consultant, Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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22
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Auth K, Bohnet S, Borck C, Drömann D, Franzen KF. Synonyms and Symptoms of COVID-19 and Individual and Official Actions against the Disease-A Brief Online Survey 6 Months into the Pandemic and on the Threshold of the Second Wave in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:169. [PMID: 35010429 PMCID: PMC8750519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To control the ongoing global pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2, we need to influence people's behavior. To do so, we require information on people's knowledge and perception of the disease and their opinions about the importance of containment measures. Therefore, in August 2020, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional online survey on these topics in 913 participants in Germany. Participants completed a questionnaire on various synonyms and symptoms of corona virus and specified the importance they attributed to individual and regulatory measures. The virus was linked more closely with most synonyms and the discovery in China than with the places of the first larger European outbreaks. General (cold-like) symptoms, such as "cough" and "fever," were more widely known than COVID-19-specific ones, e.g., "loss of taste and smell." The widely promoted individual measures "distancing," "hygiene," and "(facial) mask wearing" were rated as highly important, as were the corresponding official measures, e.g., the "distancing rule" and "mask mandate." However, the "corona warning app" and a "vaccine mandate" were rated as less important. A subgroup analysis showed broad agreement between the subgroups on nearly all issues. In conclusion, the survey provided information about the German population's perception and knowledge of the coronavirus five months into the pandemic; however, participants were younger and more educated than a representative sample. To learn from the beginning and still ongoing pandemic and develop concepts for the future, we need more conclusive studies, especially on the acceptance of further specified lockdowns, the population's willingness to be vaccinated, and the influence of misinformation on public opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Auth
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (K.A.); (S.B.); (D.D.)
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Bohnet
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (K.A.); (S.B.); (D.D.)
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Cornelius Borck
- Institute for History of Medicine and Science Studies, University of Lübeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany;
| | - Daniel Drömann
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (K.A.); (S.B.); (D.D.)
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Klaas F. Franzen
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (K.A.); (S.B.); (D.D.)
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
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23
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Kamble P, Daulatabad V, John N, John J. Synopsis of symptoms of COVID-19 during second wave of the pandemic in India. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 43:97-104. [PMID: 34881534 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 was caused by the original coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV2), which originated in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 had a large breakout of cases in early 2020, resulting in an epidemic that turned into a pandemic. This quickly enveloped the global healthcare system. The principal testing method for COVID-19 detection, according to the WHO, is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Isolation of patients, quarantine, masking, social distancing, sanitizer use, and complete lockdown were all vital health-care procedures for everyone. With the 'new normal' and vaccination programmes, the number of cases and recovered patients began to rise months later. The easing of restrictions during the plateau phase resulted in a rebound of instances, which hit the people with more ferocity and vengeance towards the start of April 2021. Coronaviruses have evolved to cause respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases, resulting in a wide range of diseases and symptoms such as fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle ache, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, hemoptysis, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, anosmia, and ageusia. Coronavirus infections can be mild, moderate, or severe in intensity. COVID-19 pulmonary dysfunction includes lung edoema, ground-glass opacities, surfactant depletion, and alveolar collapse. Patients who presented with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea had a higher risk of negative outcomes. COVID-19's influence on cognitive function is one of COVID-19's long-term effects. More clinical situations need to be reviewed by healthcare professionals so that an appropriate management protocol may be developed to reduce morbidity and death in future coming third/fourth wave cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Kamble
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Vandana Daulatabad
- RVM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Siddipet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nitin John
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jyoti John
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Okereke M, Fortune E, Peter AO, Ukor NA, Lucero-Prisno DE. Second wave of COVID-19 in Nigeria: Lessons from the first wave. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:650-656. [PMID: 34859489 PMCID: PMC9015298 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic struck the world unawares. The virus is now spreading as never before, despite the initial progress recorded by several countries towards kerbing the pandemic. As the pandemic continues to spread across Africa, there is a need for countries in the continent to re‐evaluate, re‐strategise, and re‐invigorate their COVID‐19 responses and efforts based on lessons from the first wave, and Nigeria is no exception. Before the second wave was officially announced by the health authorities on 17 December 2020, there were 78,434 confirmed cases and 1221 deaths reported with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.6%. To ensure that Nigeria achieves total pandemic control and reacts better given the possibility of a second wave, we propose workable recommendations to strengthen our preparedness and readiness efforts. Here, we argue that lessons learnt from the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic can help Nigeria better react to the second wave. The lapses in COVID‐19 response during the first wave include policy gaps in lockdown measures, poor enforcement of mandatory quarantine on returnees and visitors, lack of multisectoral approach, discontinuity of education, poor contract tracing, and vaccine hesitancy The low‐to‐absent testing capacity and inadequate reporting systems are suspected to be responsible for the comparatively low number of positive COVID‐19 cases during the first wave in Nigeria Given the relatively high costs of COVID‐19 treatment, prevention practices such as regular handwashing and social distancing ‐which incurs little to no costs‐ are a better and more cost‐effective method worth adopting To prevent a second wave, the level of emergency preparedness needs to be intensified and the enforcement of safety protocols must be uniform and consistent. Mandatory quarantine, robust expansion of PCR testing capacity, and effective health communication can see the balance shifted towards total pandemic control
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Okereke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Effiong Fortune
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Nelson Ashinedu Ukor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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25
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Wong YNS, Sng CCT, Ottaviani D, Patel G, Chowdhury A, Earnshaw I, Sinclair A, Merry E, Wu A, Galazi M, Benafif S, Soosaipillai G, Chopra N, Roylance R, Shaw H, Lee AJX. Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy and Metastatic Cancer Are Independent Mortality Risk Factors during Two UK Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic at University College London Hospital. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6085. [PMID: 34885194 PMCID: PMC8657102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased mortality risk was observed in patients with cancer during the first wave of COVID-19. Here, we describe determinants of mortality in patients with solid cancer comparing the first and second waves of COVID-19. A retrospective analysis encompassing two waves of COVID-19 (March-May 2020; December 2020-February 2021) was performed. 207 patients with cancer were matched to 452 patients without cancer. Patient demographics and oncological variables such as cancer subtype, staging and anti-cancer treatment were evaluated for association with COVID-19 mortality. Overall mortality was lower in wave two compared to wave one, HR 0.41 (95% CI: 0.30-0.56). In patients with cancer, mortality was 43.6% in wave one and 15.9% in wave two. In hospitalized patients, after adjusting for age, ethnicity and co-morbidities, a history of cancer was associated with increased mortality in wave one but not wave two. In summary, the second UK wave of COVID-19 is associated with lower mortality in hospitalized patients. A history of solid cancer was not associated with increased mortality despite the dominance of the more transmissible B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant. In both waves, metastatic disease and systemic anti-cancer treatment appeared to be independent risk factors for death within the combined cancer cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Ning Sophia Wong
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher C. T. Sng
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Diego Ottaviani
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Grisma Patel
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Amani Chowdhury
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Irina Earnshaw
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Alasdair Sinclair
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Eve Merry
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Anjui Wu
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Myria Galazi
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Sarah Benafif
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Gehan Soosaipillai
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Neha Chopra
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Rebecca Roylance
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Heather Shaw
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Alvin J. X. Lee
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (Y.N.S.W.); (C.C.T.S.); (D.O.); (G.P.); (A.C.); (I.E.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.W.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (N.C.); (R.R.); (H.S.)
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Anandraj J, Krishnamoorthy Y, Sivanantham P, Gnanadas J, Kar SS. Impact of second wave of COVID-19 pandemic on the hesitancy and refusal of COVID-19 vaccination in Puducherry, India: a longitudinal study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5024-5029. [PMID: 34847815 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The second wave of COVID-19 pandemic has spread rampantly throughout India between April and May 2021, leading to high mortality rates. Identifying any change in the rate of vaccine hesitancy or refusal due to such mass casualty events will provide further insights on developing appropriate risk communication strategy. Hence, this study was undertaken to identify the vaccine hesitancy and refusal before and during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a longitudinal study among 900 adults to know about their vaccine hesitancy and refusal pattern before (March 2021 - round-1) and during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic (May 2021 - round-2). Telephonic interview was conducted using the pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. There was an increase in the vaccine hesitancy (27.8% in round-1 to 32.7% in round-2) and refusal (25.6% in round-1 to 35.6% in round-2) during the second wave of pandemic in Puducherry. In adjusted analysis, vaccine hesitancy was found to increase by 1.19 times during the round-2 survey compared to round-1 survey (aIRR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.03-1.37). We also found that the vaccine refusal increased by 1.40 times during the round-2 survey compared to round-1 survey (aIRR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.22-1.62) after adjusting for age, place of residence, and occupation. We found that the confidence in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety has declined over time leading to increase in the vaccine hesitancy and refusal in our study cohort, with more than one-third refusing to get themselves vaccinated during the second wave of pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyanthi Anandraj
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Parthibane Sivanantham
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Jilisha Gnanadas
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Bongomin F, Fleischer B, Olum R, Natukunda B, Kiguli S, Byakika-Kibwika P, Baluku JB, Nakwagala FN. High Mortality During the Second Wave of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Uganda: Experience From a National Referral COVID-19 Treatment Unit. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab530. [PMID: 34805440 PMCID: PMC8601041 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the second wave of the pandemic in a national COVID-19 treatment unit (CTU) in Uganda. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the Mulago National Referral Hospital CTU between May 1 and July 11, 2021. We performed Kaplan-Meier analysis to evaluate all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results Of the 477 participants, 247 (52%) were female, 15 (3%) had received at least 1 dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, and 223 (46%) had at least 1 comorbidity. The median age was 52 (interquartile range, 41–65) years. More than 80% of the patients presented with severe (19%, n=91) or critical (66%, n=315) COVID-19 illness. Overall, 174 (37%) patients died. Predictors of all-cause in-hospital mortality were as follows; age ≥50 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3.2; P=.011), oxygen saturation at admission of ≥92% (aOR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.91–0.95; P<.001), and admission pulse rate of ≥100 beats per minute (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02; P=.042). The risk of death was 1.4-fold higher in female participants compared with their male counterparts (hazards ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–2.0; P=.025). Conclusions In this cohort, where the majority of the patients presented with severe or critical illness, more than one third of the patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a national CTU died of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Fleischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ronald Olum
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Barbra Natukunda
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kiguli
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pauline Byakika-Kibwika
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Baruch Baluku
- Division of Pulmonology, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.,Directorate of Programs, Mildmay Uganda, Wakiso, Uganda
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28
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Abstract
The majority of companies around the world suffered severe supply chain disruptions since the first wave of the pandemic. This paper, in contrast, focuses on how prepared were companies when the second wave struck. We focused our study on the impacts of COVID-19 disruptions on Supply Chain Management during this second wave in Saudi Arabia, though not clearly defined by a rise in number of cases, we will rely on the dates the lockdown took place during. The purpose of our study is to understand how resilient different companies supply chains were and if that resilience impacted their recovery level. We conducted our study on Saudi companies from different industries and multiple sizes. We excluded international companies operating globally, in order to focus the findings and ensure our analysis covers the local scene. We collected the data using survey questionnaires answered by employees involved in the Supply Chain, Procurement, and Project Management or C-suite level personnel. We conducted our data analysis using SPSS to run a correlation analysis between our findings on the Supply Chain Resilience and our sample Recovery Level. We used a Resilience Testing Model which consists of linking correlations derived from analysing data collected. We have found through our descriptive analysis that, even though companies vary in their scores of understanding, importance, availability of alternatives and preparedness, they all exhibited a disruption from COVID-19. The lessons learned from the correlation analysis is that companies are expected to begin searching for a more diversified supplier base in the near term, thus looking to build a versatile, but cost-effective, supply chain. Shifting supply chains nearby, decreasing the suppliers base, increasing the digitalization of supply chains are essential tactics companies have to start committing to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Lahyani
- Department of Operations and Project Management, College of Business, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal AlSaad
- Department of Operations and Project Management, College of Business, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Merdad
- Department of Operations and Project Management, College of Business, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alzamel
- Department of Operations and Project Management, College of Business, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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García de Guadiana-Romualdo L, Ramos-Arenas V, Rodríguez Mulero MD, Hernández Olivo M, Campos-Rodríguez V, Galindo Martínez M, Ros Braquehais MS, Consuegra-Sánchez L, González Morales M, Albaladejo-Otón MD. Value of hypocalcemia and thromboinflammatory biomarkers for prediction of COVID-19 severity during the second wave: were all the waves the same? Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:e38-e41. [PMID: 34674416 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Ramos-Arenas
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
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30
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Scarpelli S, Alfonsi V, Gorgoni M, Musetti A, Filosa M, Quattropani MC, Lenzo V, Vegni E, Borghi L, Margherita G, Freda MF, Saita E, Cattivelli R, Castelnuovo G, Manari T, Plazzi G, De Gennaro L, Franceschini C. Dreams and Nightmares during the First and Second Wave of the COVID-19 Infection: A Longitudinal Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111375. [PMID: 34827374 PMCID: PMC8615577 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature shows that the Coronovirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has provoked significant changes in dreaming. The current study intends to provide an update about dream variable changes during the second wave of COVID-19. A total of 611 participants completed a web survey from December 2020 to January 2021. Statistical comparisons showed that subjects had lower dream-recall frequency, nightmare frequency, lucid-dream frequency, emotional intensity, and nightmare distress during the second than the first wave of the pandemic. Dreams had a higher negative tone during the second than first wave. We revealed significant differences concerning post-traumatic growth, sleep-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and sleep measures between groups obtained as a function of the changes in the oneiric frequency between the first and second waves. We also found significant correlations between qualitative/emotional dream features and COVID-19-related factors (job change, forced quarantine, having COVID-19 infected relatives/friends, or asking for mental health help). Overall, we found that the second wave affected fewer quantitative features of dream activity and there was less emotional intensity. Moreover, we confirmed the relationship between nightmares and the high risk of PTSD when subjects were grouped as a function of the increasing/decreasing frequency. Finally, our findings are partly coherent with the continuity hypothesis between oneiric and waking experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (L.D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Alfonsi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Maria Filosa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Maria C. Quattropani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences of the Mediterranean Area, “Dante Alighieri” University for Foreigners of Reggio Calabria, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Elena Vegni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Lidia Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Giorgia Margherita
- Department of Humanistic Studies, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Maria Francesca Freda
- Department of Humanistic Studies, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Emanuela Saita
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (G.C.)
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (G.C.)
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Tommaso Manari
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (M.G.); (L.D.G.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Franceschini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.F.); (C.F.)
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has so far infected 25 385 043 people and has taken 280 683 lives (18 May 2021). Several infectious variants are circulating in the country, including the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617, and B.1.618. Preventive strategies may include a large-scale TTT approach, imposing IPC- 144 or lockdown in the hotspot areas, and mass vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- DST-Centre for Policy Research, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
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32
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Pandrowala S, Ramraj D, Shankar R, Chopra S, Das A, Mishra A, Pandey D. Impact of preoperative COVID infection on the outcomes of planned curative-intent cancer surgeries in the second wave of the pandemic from a tertiary care center in India. J Surg Oncol 2021; 125:107-112. [PMID: 34569620 PMCID: PMC8662274 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic was an unforeseen calamity. Sudden disruption of nonemergency services led to disruption of treatment across all specialties. Oncology revolves around the tenet of timely detection and treatment. Disruption of any sort will jeopardize cure rates. The time interval between coronavirus infection and cancer surgery is variable and needs to be tailored to avoid the progression of the disease. Methods We analyzed the impact of preoperative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection on the planned cancer surgery, delay, disease progression, and change of intent of treatment from April 1 to May 31, 2021 at a tertiary care center. All preoperative positive patients were retested after 2 weeks and were considered for surgery if the repeat test was negative and asymptomatic. Findings Our study included 432 preoperative patients of which 91 (21%) were COVID‐19 positive. Amongst this cohort, 76% were operated and the morbidity and mortality were comparable to the COVID‐19 negative cohort. Around 10% of the COVID‐19 positive were lost to follow up and 10% had disease progression and were deemed palliative Interpretation SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has adversely impacted cancer care and a 2‐week waiting period postinfection seems to be a safe interval in asymptomatic individuals to consider radical cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saneya Pandrowala
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Ramraj
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Services, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Chopra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Das
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Services, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem Mishra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Services, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgatosh Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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33
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Khoiwal K, Agarwal A, Mittal A, Gaurav A, Chawla L, Mundhra R, Bahadur A, Chaturvedi J. The lethal effect of the second wave of COVID-19 on pregnant women: a matter of concern. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 156:178-181. [PMID: 34559889 PMCID: PMC9087499 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Khoiwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Anchal Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Anmol Mittal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Amrita Gaurav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Latika Chawla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Rajlaxmi Mundhra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Anupama Bahadur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Jaya Chaturvedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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34
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Bignami-Van Assche S, Boujija Y, Ghio D, Stilianakis NI. Beware of regional heterogeneity when assessing the role of schools in the SARS-CoV-2 second wave in Italy. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 7:100174. [PMID: 34557849 PMCID: PMC8454866 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bignami-Van Assche
- Département de démographie, Université de Montréal, 3150 rue Jean Brillant, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J3, Canada
| | - Yacine Boujija
- Département de démographie, Université de Montréal, 3150 rue Jean Brillant, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J3, Canada
| | - Daniela Ghio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Nikolaos I Stilianakis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.,Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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35
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Zhang SX, Arroyo Marioli F, Gao R, Wang S. A Second Wave? What Do People Mean by COVID Waves? - A Working Definition of Epidemic Waves. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3775-3782. [PMID: 34548826 PMCID: PMC8448159 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s326051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Policymakers and researchers describe the COVID-19 epidemics by waves without a common vocabulary on what constitutes an epidemic wave, either in terms of a working definition or operationalization, causing inconsistencies and confusions. A working definition and operationalization can be helpful to characterize and communicate about epidemics. Methods We propose a working definition of epidemic waves in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and an operationalization based on the public data of the effective reproduction number R. Results Our operationalization characterizes the numbers and durations of waves (upward and downward) in 179 countries. Discussions The proposed working definition of epidemic waves provides a common and consistent vocabulary that can enable healthcare organizations and policymakers to make better description and assessment of the COVID crisis to make more informed resource planning, mobilization, and allocation temporally in the continued COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X Zhang
- Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Renfei Gao
- Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Senhu Wang
- Department of Sociology and the Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Sarkar A, Chakrabarti AK, Dutta S. Covid-19 Infection in India: A Comparative Analysis of the Second Wave with the First Wave. Pathogens 2021; 10:1222. [PMID: 34578254 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered as the most dreaded disease that has spread all over the world in the recent past. Despite its outbreak in December 2019–January 2020, a few continents and countries such as India started to experience a significant number of COVID-19-positive cases from March 2020. GISAID clade variation analysis in the period March 2020–February 2021 (period I) and March 2021–first week of April 2021 (period II) showed a rapid variation of SARS-CoV-2 in all continents and India over time. Studying the relationship of patient age or gender with viral clades in these two periods revealed that the population under 10 years of age was the least affected, whereas the 11–60-year-old population was the most affected, irrespective of patient gender and ethnicity. In the first wave, India registered quite a low number of COVID-19-positive cases/million people, but the scenario unexpectedly changed in the second wave, when even over 400,000 confirmed cases/day were reported. Lineage analysis in India showed the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, i.e., B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2, during April–May 2021, which might be one of the key reasons for the sudden upsurge of confirmed cases/day. Furthermore, the emergence of the new variants contributed to the shift in infection spread by the G clade of SARS-CoV-2 from 46% in period II to 82.34% by the end of May 2021. Along with the management of the emergence of new variants, few factors viz., lockdown and vaccination were also accountable for controlling the upsurge of new COVID-19 cases throughout the country. Collectively, a comparative analysis of the scenario of the first wave with that of the second wave would suggest policymakers the way to prepare for better management of COVID-19 recurrence or its severity in India and other countries.
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37
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Murewanhema G, Burukai TV, Chiwaka L, Maunganidze F, Munodawafa D, Pote W, Mufunda J. The effect of increased mobility on SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a descriptive study of the trends of COVID-19 in Zimbabwe between December 2020 and January 2021. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:125. [PMID: 34527141 PMCID: PMC8418168 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.125.28794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction when the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Zimbabwe in March 2020, the local outbreak was characterised by an insidious increase in national caseload. This first wave was mainly attributable to imported cases, peaking around July 2020. By October 2020, the number of cases reported daily had declined to less than 100 cases per day signalling the end of the first wave. This pattern mirrored the global trends. In December 2020, reports of new COVID-19 variants emerged and coincided with the beginning of the second wave within the ongoing pandemic. This paper reports on the analysis conducted on the new wave of COVID-19 beginning December 2020 to January 2021. The objective of this study was to document the evolving presumptive second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe from December 2020 to January 2021. Methods this is a retrospective analysis of secondary data extracted from the daily situation reports published by the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe and World Health Organization Country Office, Zimbabwe. The period under consideration started from 1st December 2020 to 31st January 2021. Results there was a 333% increase in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases starting 1st December 2020, to 31st January 2021. These new cases were mainly attributed to community transmission though there were a few imported cases. There was a 439% increase in the absolute number of deaths; however, the case fatality rate remained low at 3.6%, and comparable to that from other countries. Harare, Bulawayo and Manical and provinces accounted for 60% of the case burden, with the other seven provinces only accounting for 40%. By mid-January, the number of incident COVID-19 cases started to decline significantly, to levels similar to the residual levels seen during the first wave. Conclusion the second wave, which lasted a period of less than 2 months, had a steep rise and sharp decline in the incident cases and fatalities. The steep rise was attributable to increased mobility, with a consequent increase in the chains of community transmission. The declines, noted from mid-January 2021, may be partly attributable to a strict national lockdown, though more in-depth exploration of the drivers of transmission is needed to tailor effective interventions for future control. Differentiated strategies maybe needed according to the case burdens in the different provinces. In anticipation of further waves, the introduction of safe and effective vaccines might be the game changer if the vaccines are widely availed to the population to levels adequate to achieve herd immunity. Meanwhile, infection prevention and control guidelines must continue to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Murewanhema
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Trouble Victor Burukai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Lameck Chiwaka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Fabian Maunganidze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe.,Ethnobiology-based Drug Discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Davison Munodawafa
- Ethnobiology-based Drug Discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - William Pote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe.,Ethnobiology-based Drug Discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Jacob Mufunda
- Ethnobiology-based Drug Discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
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Li M, Zu J, Li Z, Shen M, Li Y, Ji F. How to Reduce the Transmission Risk of COVID-19 More Effectively in New York City: An Age-Structured Model Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:641205. [PMID: 34485318 PMCID: PMC8414980 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.641205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In face of the continuing worldwide COVID-19 epidemic, how to reduce the transmission risk of COVID-19 more effectively is still a major public health challenge that needs to be addressed urgently. Objective: This study aimed to develop an age-structured compartment model to evaluate the impact of all diagnosed and all hospitalized on the epidemic trend of COVID-19, and explore innovative and effective releasing strategies for different age groups to prevent the second wave of COVID-19. Methods: Based on three types of COVID-19 data in New York City (NYC), we calibrated the model and estimated the unknown parameters using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Results: Compared with the current practice in NYC, we estimated that if all infected people were diagnosed from March 26, April 5 to April 15, 2020, respectively, then the number of new infections on April 22 was reduced by 98.02, 93.88, and 74.08%. If all confirmed cases were hospitalized from March 26, April 5, and April 15, 2020, respectively, then as of June 7, 2020, the total number of deaths in NYC was reduced by 67.24, 63.43, and 51.79%. When only the 0–17 age group in NYC was released from June 8, if the contact rate in this age group remained below 61% of the pre-pandemic level, then a second wave of COVID-19 could be prevented in NYC. When both the 0–17 and 18–44 age groups in NYC were released from June 8, if the contact rates in these two age groups maintained below 36% of the pre-pandemic level, then a second wave of COVID-19 could be prevented in NYC. Conclusions: If all infected people were diagnosed in time, the daily number of new infections could be significantly reduced in NYC. If all confirmed cases were hospitalized in time, the total number of deaths could be significantly reduced in NYC. Keeping a social distance and relaxing lockdown restrictions for people between the ages of 0 and 44 could not lead to a second wave of COVID-19 in NYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolei Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingwang Shen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fanpu Ji
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Tareq AM, Emran TB, Dhama K, Dhawan M, Tallei TE. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2) in surging second wave of COVID-19 and efficacy of vaccines in tackling the ongoing pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4126-4127. [PMID: 34473593 PMCID: PMC8425453 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1963601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.,The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia.,The University Centre of Excellence for Biotechnology and Conservation of Wallacea, Institute for Research and Community Services, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
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40
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García de Guadiana-Romualdo L, Martínez Martínez M, Rodríguez Mulero MD, Esteban-Torrella P, Hernández Olivo M, Alcaraz García MJ, Campos-Rodríguez V, Sancho-Rodríguez N, Galindo Martínez M, Alcaraz A, Ros Braquehais MS, Báguena Perez-Crespo C, Ramos Arenas V, Tomás Jiménez C, Consuegra-Sánchez L, Conesa-Hernandez A, Piñera-Salmerón P, Bernal-Morell E. Circulating MR-proADM levels, as an indicator of endothelial dysfunction, for early risk stratification of mid-term mortality in COVID-19 patients. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111:211-218. [PMID: 34461254 PMCID: PMC8400460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Thromboinflammation, resulting from a complex interaction between thrombocytopathy, coagulopathy, and endotheliopathy, contributes to increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. MR-proADM, as a surrogate of adrenomedullin system disruption, leading to endothelial damage, has been reported as a promising biomarker for short-term prognosis. We evaluated the role of MR-proADM in the mid-term mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods A prospective, observational study enrolling COVID-19 patients from August to October 2020. A blood sample for laboratory test analysis was drawn on arrival in the emergency department. The primary endpoint was 90-day mortality. The area under the curve (AUC) and Cox regression analyses were used to assess discriminatory ability and association with the endpoint. Results A total of 359 patients were enrolled, and the 90-day mortality rate was 8.9%. ROC AUC for MR-proADM predicting 90-day mortality was 0.832. An optimal cutoff of 0.80 nmol/L showed a sensitivity of 96.9% and a specificity of 58.4%, with a negative predictive value of 99.5%. Circulating MR-proADM levels (inverse transformed), after adjusting by a propensity score including eleven potential confounders, were an independent predictor of 90-day mortality (HR: 0.162 [95% CI: 0.043-0.480]) Conclusions Our data confirm that MR-proADM has a role in the mid-term prognosis of COVID-19 patients and might assist physicians with risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonia Alcaraz
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Ramos Arenas
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Enrique Bernal-Morell
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB).
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41
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Bari R, Sultana F. Second Wave of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: An Integrated and Coordinated Set of Actions Is Crucial to Tackle Current Upsurge of Cases and Deaths. Front Public Health 2021; 9:699918. [PMID: 34527649 PMCID: PMC8437241 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.699918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Razmin Bari
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Department of Political Science and Sociology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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42
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Kute VB, Meshram HS, Navadiya VV, Chauhan S, Patel DD, Desai SN, Shah N, Dave RB, Banerjee S, Engineer DP, Patel HV, Rizvi SJ, Mishra VV. Consequences of the first and second COVID-19 wave on kidney transplant recipients at a large Indian transplant centre. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; 27:195-207. [PMID: 34378832 PMCID: PMC8420491 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a scarcity of data comparing the consequences of first and second COVID‐19 waves on kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) in India. Methods We conducted a single‐centre retrospective study of 259 KTRs with COVID‐19 to compare first wave (March 15–December 31 2020, n = 157) and second wave (April 1–May 31 2021, n = 102). Results KTRs during second wave were younger (43 vs. 40 years; p‐value .04) and also included paediatric patients (0 vs. 5.9%; p‐value .003). Symptoms were milder during the second wave (45 vs. 62.7%; p‐value .007); COVID‐19 positive patients had less frequent cough (32 vs. 13.8%; p‐value .001), fever was less frequent (58 vs. 37%; p‐value .001), and we observed fewer co‐morbidities (11 vs. 20.6%; p‐value .04). The percentages of neutrophils (77 vs. 83%; p‐value .001) and serum ferritin (439 vs. 688; p‐value .0006) were higher during second wave, while lymphocyte counts were reduced (20 vs. 14%; p‐value .0001). Hydroxychloroquine (11 vs. 0%; p‐value .0001) and tocilizumab (7 vs. 0%; p‐value .004) were more frequently prescribed during first wave, while utilization of dexamethasone (6 vs. 27%; p‐value .0001) and remdesivir (47 vs. 65%; p‐value .03) increased during the second wave. Mucormycosis (1.3 vs. 10%; p‐value .01) and ICU admissions (20 vs. 37.2%; p‐value .002) were more frequent during second wave. The 28‐day mortality rate (9.6 vs. 10%; p‐value 1) was not different. Conclusions There has been a different clinical spectrum of COVID‐19 amongst KTR with similar mortality between the two waves at a large Indian transplant centre. A large single centre study from India reporting on the health outcomes of COVID‐19 infected kidney transplant recipients during the two waves of between 2020 and 2021. The rate of intensive care admission was more frequent during the second wave of infection although mortality rates were similar in both waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek B Kute
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hari Shankar Meshram
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay V Navadiya
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanshriti Chauhan
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dev D Patel
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sudeep N Desai
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nauka Shah
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ruchir B Dave
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Subho Banerjee
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Divyesh P Engineer
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Himanshu V Patel
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Sciences, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr HL Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Syed Jamal Rizvi
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, IKDRC-ITS, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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López-Juárez P, Serrano-Oviedo L, Pérez-Ortiz JM, García-Jabalera I, Bejarano-Ramírez N, Gómez-Romero FJ, Muñoz-Rodríguez JR, Redondo-Calvo FJ. [Comparative study of the COVID-19 admissions between first and second wave in a cohort of 1,235 patients]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34:387-389. [PMID: 33913313 PMCID: PMC8329560 DOI: 10.37201/req/005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J R Muñoz-Rodríguez
- José Ramón Muñoz Rodríguez. Unidad de Investigación Traslacional. Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real. Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM). Spain.
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44
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Yi B, Poetsch AR, Stadtmüller M, Rost F, Winkler S, Dalpke AH. Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 lineage development across the first and second waves in Eastern Germany in 2020: insights into the cause of the second wave. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e177. [PMID: 34325753 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268821001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In Germany, Eastern regions had a mild first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from March to May 2020, but were badly hit by a second wave later in autumn and winter. It is unknown how the second wave was initiated and developed in Eastern Germany where the number of COVID-19 cases was close to zero in June and July 2020. We used genomic epidemiology to investigate the dynamic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage development across the first and second waves in Eastern Germany. With detailed phylogenetic analyses we could show that SARS-CoV-2 lineages prevalent in the first and second waves in Eastern Germany were different, with several new variants including four predominant lineages in the second wave, having been introduced into Eastern Germany between August and October 2020. The results indicate that the major driving force behind the second wave was the introduction of new variants.
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Cherian S, Potdar V, Jadhav S, Yadav P, Gupta N, Das M, Rakshit P, Singh S, Abraham P, Panda S, Team NIC. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutations, L452R, T478K, E484Q and P681R, in the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Maharashtra, India. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1542. [PMID: 34361977 PMCID: PMC8307577 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic expands, genomic epidemiology and whole genome sequencing are being used to investigate its transmission and evolution. Against the backdrop of the global emergence of "variants of concern" (VOCs) during December 2020 and an upsurge in a state in the western part of India since January 2021, whole genome sequencing and analysis of spike protein mutations using sequence and structural approaches were undertaken to identify possible new variants and gauge the fitness of the current circulating strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that newly identified lineages B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 were predominantly circulating. The signature mutations possessed by these strains were L452R, T478K, E484Q, D614G and P681R in the spike protein, including within the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Of these, the mutations at residue positions 452, 484 and 681 have been reported in other globally circulating lineages. The structural analysis of RBD mutations L452R, T478K and E484Q revealed that these may possibly result in increased ACE2 binding while P681R in the furin cleavage site could increase the rate of S1-S2 cleavage, resulting in better transmissibility. The two RBD mutations, L452R and E484Q, indicated decreased binding to select monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and may affect their neutralization potential. Further in vitro/in vivo studies would help confirm the phenotypic changes of the mutant strains. Overall, the study revealed that the newly emerged variants were responsible for the second wave of COVID-19 in Maharashtra. Lineage B.1.617.2 has been designated as a VOC delta and B.1.617.1 as a variant of interest kappa, and they are being widely reported in the rest of the country as well as globally. Continuous monitoring of these and emerging variants in India is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cherian
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (S.C.); (V.P.); (S.J.); (P.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Varsha Potdar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (S.C.); (V.P.); (S.J.); (P.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Santosh Jadhav
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (S.C.); (V.P.); (S.J.); (P.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Pragya Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (S.C.); (V.P.); (S.J.); (P.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Nivedita Gupta
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Mousumi Das
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (S.C.); (V.P.); (S.J.); (P.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Partha Rakshit
- National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi 110054, India; (P.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Sujeet Singh
- National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi 110054, India; (P.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Priya Abraham
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India; (S.C.); (V.P.); (S.J.); (P.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.G.); (S.P.)
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Hada V, Rath RS, Mohanty A, Sahai R, Kumar K, Kumar S, Joshi HS, Kishore S. Comparison of Positivity Rates of Rapid Antigen Testing and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for COVID-19 During the First and Second Waves of the Pandemic in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Cureus 2021; 13:e16206. [PMID: 34367808 PMCID: PMC8341255 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The advent of the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India caused a new range of challenges in diagnosing the virus. Various point-of-care tests have been introduced for rapid diagnosis. Although rapid antigen tests are the most commonly used, the false-negative rates are high. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the positivity rate of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing in rapid antigen-negative cases of COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology This was an observational study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur. Results In total, 2,168 patients were tested. The percentage positivity rate of the RT-PCR tests among the antigen-negative samples was 4.34% in the first wave of the pandemic whereas it was 8.08% in the second wave. Conclusions The main conclusion of this study was that antigen tests should never be used alone for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Instead, they should be confirmed with a RT-PCR test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Hada
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Rama S Rath
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Rishabh Sahai
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Kanishka Kumar
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Hari S Joshi
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Surekha Kishore
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
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Lemey P, Ruktanonchai N, Hong SL, Colizza V, Poletto C, Van den Broeck F, Gill MS, Ji X, Levasseur A, Oude Munnink BB, Koopmans M, Sadilek A, Lai S, Tatem AJ, Baele G, Suchard MA, Dellicour S. Untangling introductions and persistence in COVID-19 resurgence in Europe. Nature 2021; 595:713-717. [PMID: 34192736 PMCID: PMC8324533 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in spring 2020, Europe experienced a resurgence of the virus starting in late summer 2020 that was deadlier and more difficult to contain1. Relaxed intervention measures and summer travel have been implicated as drivers of the second wave2. Here we build a phylogeographical model to evaluate how newly introduced lineages, as opposed to the rekindling of persistent lineages, contributed to the resurgence of COVID-19 in Europe. We inform this model using genomic, mobility and epidemiological data from 10 European countries and estimate that in many countries more than half of the lineages circulating in late summer resulted from new introductions since 15 June 2020. The success in onward transmission of newly introduced lineages was negatively associated with the local incidence of COVID-19 during this period. The pervasive spread of variants in summer 2020 highlights the threat of viral dissemination when restrictions are lifted, and this needs to be carefully considered in strategies to control the current spread of variants that are more transmissible and/or evade immunity. Our findings indicate that more effective and coordinated measures are required to contain the spread through cross-border travel even as vaccination is reducing disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nick Ruktanonchai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Samuel L Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vittoria Colizza
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Poletto
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Frederik Van den Broeck
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mandev S Gill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science & Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- UMR MEPHI (Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infections), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Marseille, France
| | - Bas B Oude Munnink
- Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Brehm TT, Heyer A, Roedl K, Jarczak D, Nierhaus A, Nentwich MF, van der Meirschen M, Schultze A, Christner M, Fiedler W, Kröger N, Huber TB, Klose H, Sterneck M, Jordan S, Kreuels B, Schmiedel S, Addo MM, Huber S, Lohse AW, Kluge S, Schulze zur Wiesch J. Patient Characteristics and Clinical Course of COVID-19 Patients Treated at a German Tertiary Center during the First and Second Waves in the Year 2020. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2274. [PMID: 34073928 PMCID: PMC8197386 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we directly compared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized during the first (27 February-28 July 2020) and second (29 July-31 December 2020) wave of the pandemic at a large tertiary center in northern Germany. Patients who presented during the first (n = 174) and second (n = 331) wave did not differ in age (median [IQR], 59 years [46, 71] vs. 58 years [42, 73]; p = 0.82) or age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (median [IQR], 2 [1, 4] vs. 2 [0, 4]; p = 0.50). During the second wave, a higher proportion of patients were treated as outpatients (11% [n = 20] vs. 20% [n = 67]), fewer patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (43% [n = 75] vs. 29% [n = 96]), and duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter (median days [IQR], 14 [8, 34] vs. 11 [5, 19]; p < 0.001). However, in-hospital mortality was high throughout the pandemic and did not differ between the two periods (16% [n = 27] vs. 16% [n = 54]; p = 0.89). While novel treatment strategies and increased knowledge about the clinical management of COVID-19 may have resulted in a less severe disease course in some patients, in-hospital mortality remained unaltered at a high level. These findings highlight the unabated need for efforts to hamper severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, to increase vaccination coverage, and to develop novel treatment strategies to prevent mortality and decrease morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theo Brehm
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Andreas Heyer
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
| | - Kevin Roedl
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.R.); (D.J.); (A.N.); (M.F.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Dominik Jarczak
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.R.); (D.J.); (A.N.); (M.F.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Axel Nierhaus
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.R.); (D.J.); (A.N.); (M.F.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Michael F Nentwich
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.R.); (D.J.); (A.N.); (M.F.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Marc van der Meirschen
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
| | - Alexander Schultze
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Christner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (W.F.); (H.K.)
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Hans Klose
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (W.F.); (H.K.)
| | - Martina Sterneck
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
| | - Sabine Jordan
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
| | - Benno Kreuels
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
| | - Stefan Schmiedel
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.R.); (D.J.); (A.N.); (M.F.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.); (M.v.d.M.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.); (A.W.L.); (J.S.z.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
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Mattioli AV, Sciomer S, Maffei S, Gallina S. Lifestyle and Stress Management in Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Cardiovascular Risk Burden. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:356-359. [PMID: 34025328 PMCID: PMC8120604 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620981014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CoV-19/SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus 2019/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a virus that has caused a pandemic with high numbers of deaths worldwide. To contain the diffusion of infection, several governments have enforced restrictions on outdoor activities on the population. Today, we are witnessing the so-called "second wave" COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) with an increasing number of cases similar to the one reported at the beginning of the current year. It is plausible that further restrictions will be applied to contain the "second wave" of infections. The present commentary evaluated the effects of stress on lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic in women. We briefly suggest practical recommendations for women to reduce stress and recovery for a healthy lifestyle after quarantine. Quarantine is associated with stress and depression, which lead to unhealthy lifestyle, including unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol, and reduced physical activity. Women are more likely to suffer from depression and stress and quarantine has acted as a trigger. The prolongation of the COVID-19 pandemic around the world requires decisive action to correct the unhealthy lifestyle that has developed in recent months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Maffei
- Cardiovascular and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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50
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Post L, Culler K, Moss CB, Murphy RL, Achenbach CJ, Ison MG, Resnick D, Singh LN, White J, Boctor MJ, Welch SB, Oehmke JF. Surveillance of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Europe: Longitudinal Trend Analyses. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e25695. [PMID: 33818391 PMCID: PMC8080962 DOI: 10.2196/25695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted Europe, resulting in a high caseload and deaths that varied by country. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has breached the borders of Europe. Public health surveillance is necessary to inform policy and guide leaders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic, speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence, to better understand countries at risk for explosive growth and those that are managing the pandemic effectively. METHODS We performed a longitudinal trend analysis and extracted 62 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in Europe as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. RESULTS New COVID-19 cases slightly decreased from 158,741 (week 1, January 4-10, 2021) to 152,064 (week 2, January 11-17, 2021), and cumulative cases increased from 22,507,271 (week 1) to 23,890,761 (week 2), with a weekly increase of 1,383,490 between January 10 and January 17. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom had the largest 7-day moving averages for new cases during week 1. During week 2, the 7-day moving average for France and Spain increased. From week 1 to week 2, the speed decreased (37.72 to 33.02 per 100,000), acceleration decreased (0.39 to -0.16 per 100,000), and jerk increased (-1.30 to 1.37 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS The United Kingdom, Spain, and Portugal, in particular, are at risk for a rapid expansion in COVID-19 transmission. An examination of the European region suggests that there was a decrease in the COVID-19 caseload between January 4 and January 17, 2021. Unfortunately, the rates of jerk, which were negative for Europe at the beginning of the month, reversed course and became positive, despite decreases in speed and acceleration. Finally, the 7-day persistence rate was higher during week 2 than during week 1. These measures indicate that the second wave of the pandemic may be subsiding, but some countries remain at risk for new outbreaks and increased transmission in the absence of rapid policy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Post
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kasen Culler
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charles B Moss
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, United States
| | - Robert L Murphy
- Institute of Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chad J Achenbach
- Divison of Infectious Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael G Ison
- Divison of Infectious Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Danielle Resnick
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, DC, United States
| | - Lauren Nadya Singh
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Janine White
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael J Boctor
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah B Welch
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James Francis Oehmke
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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