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Singh S, Gupta A, Mishra H, Srivastava S, Patra PK. Vetiver grass cleans up arsenic contaminated field for subsequent safe cultivation of rice with low arsenic in grains: A two year field study. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171491. [PMID: 38447720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The presence of high concentrations of arsenic (As) in agricultural soils and its subsequent accumulation in rice crop is a serious issue threatening sustainability of agriculture and human health. In the present work, remediation of As contaminated field in Nadia, West Bengal, India was done through the cultivation of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanoides L. Nash) and the same field was subsequently used for rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. The results showed that V. zizanoides could reduce As concentrations in the field to bring it lower than the maximum permissible limit (20 mg kg-1) in 11 months' time. The rice plants grown in remediated field showed improvement in growth and photosynthesis parameters as compared to that of contaminated field. Importantly, yield related parameters (filled seed, 1000 grain weight, number of panicles etc.) were also significantly higher in remediated field than that in contaminated field. Arsenic concentration in roots, shoot, husk and grains of rice was found to be significantly lower in remediated field than in contaminated field. Grain As decreased from 0.75 to 0.77 μg g-1 dw in contaminated field to 0.15-0.18 μg g-1 dw. In conclusion, replacing rice for single year with V. zizanoides crop can significantly remediate the field and can be a viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Singh
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai (MH) 400094, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ankita Gupta
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- Architectural & Structural Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Prasanta K Patra
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia (WB), India
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Banerjee A, Kang S, Meadows ME, Sajjad W, Bahadur A, Ul Moazzam MF, Xia Z, Mango J, Das B, Kirsten KL. Evaluating the relative influence of climate and human activities on recent vegetation dynamics in West Bengal, India. Environ Res 2024; 250:118450. [PMID: 38360167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the relative importance of climate change and human activities is important in developing sustainable management policies for regional land use. In this study, multiple remote sensing datasets, i.e. CHIRPS (Climate Hazard Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data) precipitation, MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Potential Evapotranspiration (PET), Soil Moisture (SM), WorldPop, and nighttime light have been analyzed to investigate the effect that climate change (CC) and regional human activities (HA) have on vegetation dynamics in eastern India for the period 2000 to 2022. The relative influence of climate and anthropogenic factors is evaluated on the basis of non-parametric statistics i.e., Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator. Significant spatial and elevation-dependent variations in precipitation and LST are evident. Areas at higher elevations exhibit increased mean annual temperatures (0.22 °C/year, p < 0.05) and reduced winter precipitation over the last two decades, while the northern and southwest parts of West Bengal witnessed increased mean annual precipitation (17.3 mm/year, p < 0.05) and a slight cooling trend. Temperature and precipitation trends are shown to collectively impact EVI distribution. While there is a negative spatial correlation between LST and EVI, the relationship between precipitation and EVI is positive and stronger (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.05). Associated hydroclimatic parameters are potent drivers of EVI, whereby PET in the southwestern regions leads to markedly lower SM. The relative importance of CC and HA on EVI also varies spatially. Near the major conurbation of Kolkata, and confirmed by nighttime light and population density data, changes in vegetation cover are very clearly dominated by HA (87%). In contrast, CC emerges as the dominant driver of EVI (70-85%) in the higher elevation northern regions of the state but also in the southeast. Our findings inform policy regarding the future sustainability of vulnerable socio-hydroclimatic systems across the entire state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Banerjee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 318, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 318, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Michael E Meadows
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 318, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 318, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Zilong Xia
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Joseph Mango
- Department of Transportation and Geotechnical Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35131, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bappa Das
- Department of Geography, Goalpara College, P.O. & Dist, Goalpara, (Assam), 783101, India
| | - Kelly L Kirsten
- School of Energy, Construction and Environment, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2LT, United Kingdom
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Mahapatra B, Mukherjee N, Khatoon S, Bhattacharya P, John D. Morbidity among the tribal populations of West Bengal: A study based on data collected from the Mobile Medical Clinic. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:627-634. [PMID: 38605793 PMCID: PMC11006066 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1018_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tribes are the most socially excluded group in the nation due to their restricted access to healthcare. There are little data on the real burden and distribution of illnesses among tribes. The present study determines the types and patterns of sickness among tribal populations in West Bengal. Methods Five blocks from five districts in West Bengal were used for this cross-sectional study. Between the years 2018 and 2019, 52,189 patients visited these mobile medical clinics (MMCs), but only 36,128 were included in our study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (ver. 27.0). Results Younger age groups (1-25 years) show higher primary registration compared to other age categories; older age groups (>60 years) show higher repeat registration. High prevalence in infectious diseases (44.5% of the total primary registration) and high repeated cases in NCDs (11.5% to 33.2%), which are nearly three times higher than primary cases (Cramer's V test = 0.29; P = .001) are observed. Among the studied MMCs, Binpur II and Matiali MMC have more than two times the risk of gastrointestinal problems, while Madarihat MMC has more than one time the risk. Garbeta II MMC shows more than three times the risk of NCDs (adjusted odds ratio = 3.97; 95% confidence interval: 3.05-5.17) than the other diseases. Conclusion The present study shows high prevalence of infectious diseases, injury and pain, NCDs, gastrointestinal problems, and vertigo in tribal populations of West Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Mahapatra
- Centre for Public Health Research, Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust (MANT), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirmalya Mukherjee
- Centre for Public Health Research, Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust (MANT), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sajda Khatoon
- Centre for Public Health Research, Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust (MANT), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Paramita Bhattacharya
- Centre for Public Health Research, Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust (MANT), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Denny John
- Centre for Public Health Research, Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust (MANT), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ghosh B, Barman HC, Ghosh S, Habib MM, Mahato J, Dayal L, Mahato S, Sao P, Murmu AC, Chowdhury AD, Pramanik S, Biswas R, Kumar S, Padhy PK. Air pollution status and attributable health effects across the state of West Bengal, India, during 2016-2021. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:165. [PMID: 38233613 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most significant threats to human safety due to its detrimental health consequences worldwide. This study examines the air pollution levels in 22 districts of West Bengal from 2016 to 2021, using data from 81 stations operated by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB). The study assesses the short- and long-term impacts of particulate matter (PM) on human health. The highest annual variation of PM10 was noted in 2016 (106.99 ± 34.17 μg/m3), and the lowest was reported in 2020 (88.02 ± 13.61 μg/m3), whereas the highest annual variations of NO2 (μg/m3) were found in 2016 (35.17 ± 13.55 μg/m3), and lowest in 2019 (29.72 ± 13.08 μg/m3). Similarly, the SO2 level was lower (5.35 μg/m3) in 2017 and higher in 2020 (7.78 μg/m3). In the state, Bardhaman, Bankura, Kolkata, and Howrah recorded the highest PM10 concentrations. The monthly and seasonal variations of pollution showed higher in December, January, and February (winter season) and lowest observed in June, July, and August (rainy season). The southern part of West Bengal state has recorded higher pollution levels than the northern part. The short- and long-term health impact assessment due to particulate matter shows that the estimated number of attributable cases (ENACs) for incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults and prevalence of bronchitis in children were 305,234 and 14,652 respectively. The long-term impact of PM2.5 on human health ENACs for mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for adults, acute lower respiratory infections in children aged 0-5, lung cancer, and stroke for adults were 21,303, 12,477, 25,064, 94,406, and 86,272 respectively. This outcome assists decision-makers and stakeholders in effectively addressing the air pollution and health risk concerns within the specified area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadev Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Harish Chandra Barman
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sayoni Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Md Maimun Habib
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Jayashree Mahato
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Lovely Dayal
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Susmita Mahato
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Priti Sao
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Atul Chandra Murmu
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Ayontika Deb Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sourina Pramanik
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Rupsa Biswas
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Padhy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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Sarkar S, Basu A, Mandal S, Jayashankar P, Saha PK, Misra R, Sinha D, Neogi R, Saha S, Benegal V, Rao GN, Varghese M, Gururaj G. Prevalence and pattern of mental disorders in the state of West Bengal: Findings from the National Mental Health Survey of India 2016. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:1307-1312. [PMID: 38298874 PMCID: PMC10826866 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_846_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background West Bengal, situated in eastern India, comprising 19 districts as of 2016 and consisting of 9.13 crore population, had been one of the participating states in the National Mental Health Survey, 2015-16. Aim To estimate the prevalence and pattern of mental disorders in a representative population in West Bengal. Materials and Methods Based upon a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling with probability proportionate to each stage, 2646 eligible individuals were interviewed. Standard validated instruments in Bengali like socio-demographic profiles and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) version 6 were used by trained data collectors with quality monitoring as per a standardized protocol. Results The current prevalence of mental illness in the state of West Bengal is 13.07% (12.9-13.24 95% CI), which is more than the current national average of 10.56% (10.51-10.61 95% CI). The prevalence of severe mental illness of 2.32% and suicide risk of 1.75% (1.68-1.81 95% CI) is higher than the national average. The common mental illness prevalence is 11.29 (11.13-11.45 95% CI), which is similar to the national weighted average. In West Bengal, severe mental illness is more concentrated in the rural areas in contrast to the national trend. Also, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder is 3.04 (2.96-3.13 95% CI) and epilepsy is 0.03 (0.27-0.29 95% CI), which is less than the national average. Conclusion The prevalence of mental disorders in the state of West Bengal is higher than the national average, and for severe mental illness, the prevalence is the highest as compared to the national average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanto Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sucharita Mandal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Pavithra Jayashankar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep K. Saha
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Raghunath Misra
- Department of Community Medicine, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, Rampurhat Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajarshi Neogi
- Department of Psychiatry, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumyadeep Saha
- Department of Psychiatry, IPGMER, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish N. Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopalkrishna Gururaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health WHO Collaborative Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ghosal A, Sardar SK, Haldar T, Maruf M, Saito-Nakano Y, Dutta S, Nozaki T, Ganguly S. Genotyping and epidemiological distribution of diarrhea-causing isolates of Giardia duodenalis in southeastern part of West Bengal, India. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2567-2584. [PMID: 37682345 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and genetic diversity of the protozoan pathogen Giardia duodenalis have been extensively studied worldwide. There is currently a lack of data regarding the genetic variability of the organism in eastern India. Understanding the circulating genotypes and associated risk factors is crucial for effective planning and implementing control measures. Therefore, the objective of the study was to conduct an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence and identify the various genotypes present. This survey adds to our knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of Giardia genotypes in the studied region. The overall prevalence was found to be 6.8%. This parasitic infection was significantly associated with two age groups, i.e., >0-5 years and >5-12 years. Using a multilocus genotyping method, we genotyped 52 human Giardia isolates that were obtained from diarrheal patients. Two distinct assemblages were found in the population-30.8% belonged to assemblage A; 63.5% belonged to assemblage B, prevalent in the population; and 5.7% belonged to a combined assemblage A+B. Sub-assemblage AII was found in 17.3% of the cases, followed by sub-assemblage AI (13.5%). High levels of genetic diversity were found within the population of assemblage B undergoing balancing selection. Overall, the high prevalence of the parasite observed, particularly among children, raises a major concern and necessitates implementation of robust control measures. Furthermore, we report the presence of numerous unique genotypes, circulating in this limited geographical boundary, which can be useful dataset for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajanta Ghosal
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjib K Sardar
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Tapas Haldar
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Maimoon Maruf
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Yumiko Saito-Nakano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sandipan Ganguly
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India.
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Sinha S, Basu R, Chakravarty K. An analytical observational study on chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology at a rural tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2023; 67:208-214. [PMID: 37459014 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_768_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has been a growing concern in the Indian population causing significant morbidity and mortality in these recent years. Thus, it is vital to understand the probable risk factors associated with its manifestation. This study aims to assess the distribution of various etiologies among CKD patients, investigate all the probable risk factors associated with CKDu, and estimate the health-related quality of life (QoL) among all CKDu patients in the study area. Materials and Methods It was an analytical, observational, cross-sectional study where one objective had a case-control study design. It was conducted at Bankura Sammilani Medical College in Bankura district, West Bengal, during July 2022-August 2022. A total of 198 patients have been studied through detailed interviews using a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured schedule. Potential risk factors and their strength of association were analyzed with the help of multivariate logistic regression. Results It was found that the prevalence of CKDu was almost 71% in the study population, mostly affecting agricultural workers (67.17%), daily laborers (46.46%), and construction workers. Perceived heat stress, excessive daily dietary intake of salt, and drinking contaminated water are the factors that had shown the strongest association with the occurrence of CKDu in this population. The deterioration in QoL in CKDu pretty much mirrors that of CKD. Conclusion CKDu is definitely an occupational disease, mostly affecting the wage workers and farmers spending long hours in unhealthy work environments. Environmental exposure to heavy metals must be checked and dietary modification must be done through counseling to regulate salt intake. CKDu, as a rising public health concern certainly needs special attention and immediate planning as it has a different etiopathology than CKD and the affected population, disease progression, and risk factors are markedly distinctive as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sinha
- Student, 3rd Professional MBBS (Part II), Department of Community Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Rivu Basu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kapiljit Chakravarty
- Consultant Nephrologist, Department of Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, Bankura, West Bengal, India
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Pal A, Banerjee A, Kundu R. Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity reports of ethnomedicinal plants from West Bengal, India. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:1036-1041. [PMID: 35856476 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2099388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The biodiversity-rich forests of the Jhargram subdivision of West Bengal, India houses many lesser-known prospective plants. Four ethnomedicinal plants from this locality-Cleistanthus collinus, Tiliacora racemosa, Eupatorium odoratum, and Sida acuta reported for traditional medical uses by local forest tribes have been analyzed for phytochemical constituents and bioactivity potential, viz., antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activity. Cleistanthus and Tiliacora plants were rich in alkaloids while Eupatorium and Sida showed tannin abundance. Tiliacora showed maximum alkaloid content, that is, 711 mg strychnine equivalent/gm dry weight. Consequently, these plant extracts showed decent antioxidant activity which is reflected in their antibacterial and antitumor potencies. Cleistanthus showed strong bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria, particularly against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while Tiliacora showed robust antitumor activity against cervical cancer cells SiHa at a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 86 µg/ml. Hence, the biodiversity-rich Jhargram forest should be conserved to protect the potential repertoire for ethnomedicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Pal
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rita Kundu
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Laha A, Moitra S, Biswas H, Saha NC, Podder S. Assessment of Co-Sensitization between Pollen and Food Allergen Sources among Bengali Population, West Bengal, India. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:161-170. [PMID: 36349775 DOI: 10.1159/000526707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secondary food allergies due to cross-reactivity between pollen and food allergens are a significant health burden in India. Prevalence of cross-reactivity varies by region, and particularly in West Bengal, it remains unexplored. The present study investigated sensitivities of pollen-related food allergy (PFA) patients of West Bengal by empirically determining co-sensitization patterns. METHODS The present study retrospectively analysed 1,310 pollen-allergic (PA) patients from the Allergy and Asthma Research Centre, West Bengal. A questionnaire survey was performed to record patients' demographic and clinical features and categorized into seasonal and perennial ones. All patients were subjected to the skin prick test and specific IgE for evaluation of sensitivity against 16 pollen and 16 food allergens. Co-relation and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine co-sensitivity. RESULTS Seasonal allergic patients were comparatively higher than perennial ones. PFA patients were mostly sensitive to eggplant (n = 387), while Azadirachta indica (n = 341) was predominant sensitizer among pollen allergen sources. Cynodon dactylon showed maximum significant positive correlation with banana, orange, peanut, pineapple, cucumber, eggplant, potato, tomato, and wheat. In the seasonal group, Cynodon dactylon-specific IgE in PFA patients (median = 4.60 kU/L) was significantly higher from that of PA ones (median = 3.44 kU/L). Among 32 allergens tested, 27 were placed in first two dimensions of the PCA biplot. CONCLUSION The present study established that co-sensitivity between pollen and food allergen sources were predominant in allergic patients of West Bengal. The co-sensitization patterns among unrelated allergen sources may be due to possible expression of biologic cross-reactivity to similar allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Laha
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
| | | | - Himani Biswas
- Department of Zoology, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar, India
| | | | - Sanjoy Podder
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
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Warke M, Sarkar D, Zhang Z, Neve S, Datta R. Human health risk mitigation from arsenic in rice by crop rotation with a hyperaccumulator plant. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:12030-12040. [PMID: 36103075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) from a diet of contaminated rice is a widespread problem and a serious concern in several parts of the world. There is a need to develop sustainable, effective, and reliable strategies to reduce As accumulation in rice. Our goal was to develop and test a simple crop rotation method of alternating rice with the As hyperaccumulator plant, Chinese brake fern (Pteris vitatta L.), to reduce As concentrations in rice grains. A greenhouse column study was performed for 2 years using As-contaminated rice paddy soil from West Bengal. Rice was grown under flooded conditions and irrigated with As-contaminated water to simulate field conditions. Chinese brake fern was grown between two rice cycles in experimental columns, while control columns were left unplanted. Our results show that at the end of two cycles, there was a statistically significant decrease in soil As concentrations in the treatment columns compared to the control columns. After one rotation with the fern, there was a significant decline in As concentrations in rice grains in treatment plants and a concomitant decline in both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. Our results indicate that there could be substantial benefit in implementing this simple crop rotation model to help lower human health risks from As exposure via rice ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Warke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Sameer Neve
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
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11
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Anirban Das, Bijan Kumar Das. Description of A New Archaeococcoid of the Genus Perissopneumon
Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) from India . Zool Stud 2022; 61:e54. [PMID: 36568823 PMCID: PMC9755985 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2022.61-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new archaeococcoid (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae), Perissopneumon kalyaniense Das & Das sp. nov., is described from specimens collected on twigs of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. (Rutaceae), a medicinal plant from Kalyani, West Bengal, India. The new species is similar to Perissopneumon ferox Newstead 1900, but can be distinguished by different character states of ventral multilocular pores and anal tube. An updated identification key to the species of Perissopneumon Newstead found worldwide is provided. The current status of the genus Perissopneumon Newstead is discussed.
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12
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Sarkar T. Harnessing Bourdieu's social theory to understand the deteriorating doctor-patient-nurse relationship in West Bengal government hospitals. Front Sociol 2022; 7:938734. [PMID: 36276434 PMCID: PMC9584649 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.938734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Communication patterns between doctors, nurses and patients determine both the efficiency of healthcare delivery, and the job satisfaction of healthcare workers. Job satisfaction is important to ensure retention of the doctor and nurse populations. Incidents of assault against physicians and nurses from relatives and family members of patients have become frequent both in the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 eras. Along with appreciation for frontline healthcare workers serving during the pandemic, there is physical violence directed at them for failing to salvage infected patients. Using Bourdieu's concepts of social space, forms of capital, and habitus this paper endeavors to theorize some of the interaction patterns observed in doctor-patient, nurse-patient, and doctor-nurse encounters that contribute to the waning of the relationship between healthcare workers and wider society as observed in West Bengal, India. Primary empirical data was collected through in-person, in-depth semi-structured interviews with both open and closed-ended questions conducted throughout 2018 across 5 government hospitals in Kolkata (major metropolitan center) and 1 hospital in a suburban area with population 100,000. The respondents consisted of 51 nurses (100% women), 20 doctors (5% women), and 33 patients (33.3% women) recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Social space analysis indicated that the cumulative patient social capital is comparable to that of the doctors, despite the doctor's higher levels of cultural and economic capital because of the high patient to doctor ratio. The patient population can thus concentrate and delegate their social capital to select agents leading to violence against healthcare workers. Through this analysis, two doctors' habitus were postulated, along with a nurse and a patient habitus. The first doctor habitus is structured by the idealized status of doctors and the second habitus is structured by their resource-limited working conditions. The nurse habitus is structured by the desire for economic empowerment along with dutifully providing care as instructed. The patient habitus is structured by the need to balance healthcare expenditures with their limited financial means. This paper establishes how the habitus of the agents and the politics of healthcare interact to exacerbate extant tensions between healthcare workers and the population they care for.
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Bhattacharjee T, Gangopadhyay S. Cancer causing chewing habits and related oral lesions - A comparative study among females of socio-culturally different areas of West Bengal. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:599. [PMID: 37082086 PMCID: PMC10112115 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_220_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smokeless tobacco, as well as areca-nut both, causes cancerous and precancerous lesions of the oral cavity. The traditional value of India, as well as West Bengal do not allow females for smoking, but there is no such disapproval for using smokeless tobacco or areca nut. Geographically and socio-culturally, the Northern part of West Bengal differs from its Southern part. Aims This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different chewing habits, habit products, and habit-related different oral lesions among females in two socio-culturally different areas of West Bengal. Methods A total of 222 women from areas of North Bengal and 173 women from areas of South Bengal aged 15 years and above were selected. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. An oral cavity examination was done to rule out any oral mucosal alterations caused by cancer-causing habits. Statistical Analysis Chi-square test or Fischer's exact tests were used to compare unpaired proportions as appropriate. Results In areas of the northern part of Bengal, 42.34% of females were chewers, and in areas of the southern part of Bengal 18.50% of females were chewers. Younger female chewers were more from areas of the northern part of Bengal. Women, residing in different areas of the northern part of Bengal had more habit-related oral lesions, compared to the southern part of Bengal. Conclusion Special attention should be given to increasing awareness regarding chewing habit-related health hazards among females, especially in areas of North Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, North Bengal Dental College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Gangopadhyay
- Professor and Former Head and In-Charge of Occupational Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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14
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Singh AK, Laskar R, Banerjee A, Mondal RK, Gupta B, Deb S, Dutta S, Patra S, Ghosh T, Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Bhattacharya S, Roy D, Chakraborty A, Chowdhury M, Mahaptra S, Paul A, Mazumder A, Chowdhury A, Chatterjee SS, Sarkar A, Ray R, Pal K, Jana A, Barik G, Ganguly S, Chatterjee M, Majhi D, Bandopadhyay B, Das S, Maitra A, Biswas NK. Contrasting Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages across Multiple Rounds of Pandemic Waves in West Bengal, the Gateway of East and North-East States of India. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0091422. [PMID: 35852336 PMCID: PMC9430150 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00914-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of viral variants and their impact on viral transmission have been an area of considerable importance in this pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We analyzed the viral variants in different phases of the pandemic in West Bengal, a state in India that is important geographically, and compared the variants with other states like Delhi, Maharashtra, and Karnataka, located in other regions of the country. We have identified 57 pango-lineages in 3,198 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, alteration in their distribution, as well as contrasting profiles of amino acid mutational dynamics across different waves in different states. The evolving characteristics of Delta (B.1.617.2) sublineages and alterations in hydrophobicity profiles of the viral proteins caused by these mutations were also studied. Additionally, implications of predictive host miRNA binding/unbinding to emerging spike or nucleocapsid mutations were highlighted. Our results throw considerable light on interesting aspects of the viral genomic variation and provide valuable information for improved understanding of wave-defining mutations in unfolding the pandemic. IMPORTANCE Multiple waves of infection were observed in many states in India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. Fine-scale evolution of major SARS-CoV-2 lineages and sublineages during four wave-window categories: Pre-Wave 1, Wave 1, Pre-Wave 2, and Wave 2 in four major states of India: Delhi (North), Maharashtra (West), Karnataka (South), and West Bengal (East) was studied using large-scale virus genome sequencing data. Our comprehensive analysis reveals contrasting molecular profiles of the wave-defining mutations and their implications in host miRNA binding/unbinding of the lineages in the major states of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh K. Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Anindita Banerjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Bishal Gupta
- School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sonia Deb
- School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shreelekha Dutta
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Patra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Trinath Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumanta Sarkar
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Shekhar Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Debojyoti Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Meghna Chowdhury
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Surajit Mahaptra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Antara Paul
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Anup Mazumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | - Raja Ray
- Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuhu Pal
- College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Angshuman Jana
- Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Barik
- Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Swagata Ganguly
- Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Dipankar Majhi
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Saumitra Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Nidhan K. Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Gupta S, De A, Banerjee R, Sinha Gupta S, Chakraborty A. Public Perception About Pandemic Situation and Preparedness Towards a Probable Lockdown in an Affected Indian State Amidst the Second Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e221. [PMID: 35929360 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 second wave badly affected India. This study assessed public preparedness and attitude towards a new lockdown in the state of West Bengal (WB) along with perception about the COVID pandemic situation. METHODS An anonymous questionnaire was administered to all willing adult attendees of a COVID vaccination centre in Kolkata, capital city of WB. Logistic regression was applied to find the relationship between attitude towards lockdown and other selected independent variables. RESULTS Of the 839 persons analyzed, 72.0% were non-health workers; and 55.4% thought that available vaccines reduce COVID-19 risk. Among them, 54.4% wanted stricter guidelines imposed. For preparedness, 42.6% and 28.8% said they would stock additional food and medicines respectively. On multiple logistic regression, being female, having elderly family members, perceiving the second wave as worse, and favouring stricter restrictions, all had odds of favourable attitude towards the new, proposed lockdown. CONCLUSIONS A new lockdown was favoured by the majority. However, a well-planned and phased approach for this is needed in the light of many concerns about the previous lockdown. Mental health issues, financial security, medical help at hand, and ease of travel to workplaces are important issues that need to be addressed in case of future lockdown(s).
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16
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Chakraborty S, Chakraborty A, Mitra S, Gupta S, Lahiri A, Banerjee N. Evaluation of the rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram (RBSK): A national children healthcare program in a health district of West Bengal, India. Indian J Public Health 2022; 66:307-312. [PMID: 36149110 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1690_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) was launched in 2013 to screen and manage birth defects, deficiencies, diseases, and developmental delays including disabilities in Indian children, with the help of designated mobile health teams and grassroot workers across the country. Objectives Performance of the RBSK program in three selected blocks of a health district of a large Indian state (West Bengal) was assessed. Methods The performance assessment was based on input, process, and output performances, using checklists based on RBSK operational guidelines. Results While some essential evaluation tools were available in required numbers at the block level, many were unavailable. There were deficiencies in the number of health staff appointed. Although most screening camps were conducted as per microplan, some were not. Anthropometric measurements were not done in some camps; Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials were not used adequately. Issues with fund management were also noted. The intervention rate at higher centers (District Early Intervention Centre) was low with regard to the children referred for management. Involvement of grassroot workers such as ASHA was also found to be lacking. Conclusion Frequent orientation training of medical officers and staff is needed along with the efforts to strengthen the referral system and the patient tracking system. Sensitizing the children and their guardians regarding the importance of the relevant health issues is also needed with the help of the proper implementation of IEC services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Chakraborty
- Assistant Chief Medical Officer of Health, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arup Chakraborty
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukumar Mitra
- Associate Professor, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shibaji Gupta
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Midnapore Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arista Lahiri
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nibedita Banerjee
- Health Counsellor, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Centre, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Biswas T. Prevalence of Protozoan Parasites Cryptosporidium sp. and Callimastix equi in the Edible Oyster Saccostrea cucullata and Its Relationship with Selected Water Quality Parameters in Sundarbans Region of West Bengal, India. Acta Parasitol 2022. [PMID: 35679007 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prevalence of protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium sp. and Callimastix equi in the edible oyster resources Saccostrea cucullata, and its relationship with selected water quality parameters such as temperature, pH and salinity in Sundarbans region of West Bengal, India, have been assessed and discussed elaborately. METHODS Edible oysters S. cucullata were collected randomly from the selected study site Frasergunj of Sundarbans region and protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium sp. and C. equi were isolated, stained and determined its prevalence. Relationship of water temperature, pH and salinity with the prevalence of protozoan parasite had been assessed and analyzed. RESULTS Prevalence of infection of Cryptosporidium sp. is much more than the C. equi found in S. cucullata. The infections of the parasites are higher during monsoon then pre-monsoon season. Significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) occurs between pH of water and prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. and C. equi in the edible oyster S. cucullata collected from Frasergunj of Sundarbans region, South 24 Parganas of West Bengal. The C. equi parasite follows a seasonal pattern of infection varying significantly with salinity (P < 0.01) of the water in the edible oyster, S. cucullata collected from Frasergunj of South 24 Parganas of West Bengal. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the Cryptosporidium sp. and C. equi contamination is accompanying with public health risks if edible oysters are consumed uncooked of undercooked. Extremes and/or rapid fluctuations of important environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, pH can seriously compromise oyster health and outcome of aquaculture.
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18
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Dubey CS, Usham AL, Mishra BK, Shukla DP, Singh PK, Singh AK. Anthropogenic arsenic menace in contaminated water near thermal power plants and coal mining areas of India. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:1099-1127. [PMID: 34173907 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining and coal combustion in thermal power plants (TPPs) are the major anthropogenic sources of arsenic (As) contamination in many different industrial regions. In this study of industrial regions of West Bengal and Singrauli, it is observed that there is an anthropogenic contribution to the contamination from As-bearing coal. Up to 14.53 mg/kg of As is obtained in coal of West Bengal which also has very high average Fe concentration (16,095 mg/kg) along with high concentration of Cu, Mn and Hg. Similar observations are also found in Singrauli Industrial Region where 3.14 mg/kg of As with very high concentration of Fe 43,867 mg/kg along with high Cu, Mn and Hg concentration is found in coal samples. This low-grade bituminous coal contains arsenopyrite as observed by SEM-EDX. Arsenopyrite is converted to arsenolite upon combustion in these TPPs as observed in XRD. The fly ash has average As concentration of 1.53 mg/kg for West Bengal and 2.38 mg/kg for Singrauli Industrial Region and high concentration of toxic elements. The soil near these TPPs and mining areas is enriched in As, Fe, Hg, Cu and Mn. Not only As but high concentrations of Fe, Hg, Mn are also observed from analysis of water which relates to the anthropogenic inputs. The dissolution of arsenolite in reducing environments caused by periodic flooding releases As into water. Hence, the As contamination in the study area also has anthropogenic origin from coal consumption in TPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Dubey
- Faculty of Science, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, 754006, India
| | - A L Usham
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India.
| | - B K Mishra
- Department of Mining, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, 485001, India
| | - D P Shukla
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, HP, 175001, India
| | - P K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
| | - A K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
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19
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Samanta S, Banerjee J, Kar SS, Ali KM, Giri B, Pal A, Dash SK. Awareness, knowledge and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among the people of West Bengal, India: A web-based survey. Vacunas 2022; 23:S46-S55. [PMID: 35125985 PMCID: PMC8808715 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid vaccination is the only way to fight against COVID-19.Vaccine hesitancy is the major barrier against this strategy. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the general population of West Bengal (India), as well as to investigate the factors that were independently associated with people's desire to receive the vaccine. METHODS An online questionnaire was distributed by email, Whatsapp, and other social media platforms, and the responses were analyzed using the SPSS (Version 20) software. RESULTS We conducted a web-based survey in West Bengal, India (N = 803), and accumulated information on individuals' desire to adopt vaccine against COVID-19, views about the virus's effectiveness, and many knowledge-based socio-demographic factors that potentially impact the overall vaccination efforts. We found that, 12.08% of participants do not believe that vaccination against COVID-19 is necessary, but among the rest of the population, 44.33% of individuals are willing to be vaccinated once the vaccine is available, whereas 39.60% of the population responded that they will not be vaccinated immediately but will do so later. CONCLUSIONS Despite the participants' strong vaccine willingness, our findings revealed a troubling degree of lake of awareness and insignificant scientific knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated vaccination programme. Vaccination hesitation is not a barrier in this survey region, but poor vaccine availability and a lack of awareness campaigns may instill unfavorable beliefs in those who refuse to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Samanta
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda- 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda- 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvrendu Sankar Kar
- Department of Medicine, R.G.Kar Medical College, Kolkata- 700004, West Bengal, India
| | - Kazi Monjur Ali
- Department of Food and Nutrition, M.U.C Women's College, Bardhaman, -713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda- 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Amitava Pal
- Deparment of Physiology, City College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata, -70000, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda- 732103, West Bengal, India
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20
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Sarkar R, Saha R, Mallick P, Sharma R, Kaur A, Dutta S, Chawla-Sarkar M. Emergence of a novel SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineage B.1.1.526 in West Bengal, India. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:42-50. [PMID: 34896696 PMCID: PMC8642833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its inception in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has been evolving continuously by procuring mutations, leading to emergence of numerous variants, causing second wave of pandemic in many countries including India in 2021. To control this pandemic continuous mutational surveillance and genomic epidemiology of circulating strains is very important to unveil the emergence of the novel variants and also monitor the evolution of existing variants. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 sequences were retrieved from GISAID database. Sequence alignment was performed with MAFT version 7. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA (version X) and UShER. RESULTS In this study, we reported the emergence of a novel variant of SARS-CoV-2, named B.1.1.526, in India. This novel variant encompasses 129 SARS-CoV-2 strains which are characterized by the presence of 11 coexisting mutations including D614G, P681H, and V1230L in S glycoprotein. Out of these 129 sequences, 27 sequences also harbored E484K mutation in S glycoprotein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed strains of this novel variant emerged from the GR clade and formed a new cluster. Geographical distribution showed, out of 129 sequences, 126 were found in seven different states of India. Rest 3 sequences were observed in USA. Temporal analysis revealed this novel variant was first collected from Kolkata district of West Bengal, India. CONCLUSIONS The D614G, P618H and E484K mutations have previously been reported to favor increased transmissibility, enhanced infectivity, and immune invasion, respectively. The transmembrane domain (TM) of S2 subunit anchors S glycoprotein to the virus envelope. The V1230L mutation, present within the TM domain of S glycoprotein, might strengthen the interaction of S glycoprotein with the viral envelope and increase S glycoprotein deposition to the virion, resulting in more infectious virion. Therefore, the new variant having D614G, P618H, V1230L, and E484K may have higher infectivity, transmissibility, and immune invasion characteristics, and thus need to be monitored closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sarkar
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritubrita Saha
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Mallick
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjana Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Datta S, Ghosh M, Paul M, Halder P, Mallik S, Mukhopadhyay S, Saha B, Kundu PK. Comprehensive investigation of fever cases enrolled during 2019 dengue outbreaks from three hyperendemic regions of North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. J Med Virol 2021; 94:540-548. [PMID: 34730296 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For the past several decades, dengue fever has been emerging in epidemic proportions in several regions of the world. During August-September 2019, an increasing number of fever cases were being reported from some areas of North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. Accordingly, outbreak investigation of fever cases from these affected areas of Bongoan, Barasat, and Habra was carried out. To characterize clinical and biochemical features of fever cases as well as to investigate the utility of CRP as a Dengue severity marker in resource-limited settings. We systematically enrolled 108 patients from the affected region of North 24 Parganas. Standard diagnostic assays along with routine serological and biochemical parameters were performed. Of the 108 patients, 77 (71%) were confirmed with Dengue infection followed by 22 (20%) DENV seronegative and 9 (8%) coinfected DENV cases. Among the 77 confirmed Dengue patients, 53 (69%) had primary infection while 24 (31%) had secondary infection. Among the DENV clinical symptoms, fever (r = 0.50; p = 0.004), headache (r = 0.40; p = 0.03) and abdominal pain (r = -0.40; p = 0.02) were found to bear significant correlation with DENV viral load. The predominant circulating serotype was found to be DENV2. CRP Dengue severity cut-off level of 10.15 mg/L (AUC: 0.85; 86% sensitivity, 77% specificity) was obtained. CRP had correlation with viral load (r = 0.4, p = 0.05) within febrile phase of infection. The performance of biomarkers can be influenced by local epidemiology, geography, and several patient factors, therefore, CRP Dengue severity cut-off value may be region-specific. This study for the first time attempts to estimate CRP Dengue severity cut-off value based on routine immunoturbidometric evaluation from Dengue Hyperendemic zones of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, Eastern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Datta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manab Ghosh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Moumita Paul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prantiki Halder
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudeshna Mallik
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Bibhuti Saha
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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22
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Haque HZ, Pal D, Sadhukhan SK, Das S. A cross-sectional study on oral hygiene among Santhal tribal adults in a rural area of West Bengal. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2859-2861. [PMID: 34660418 PMCID: PMC8483141 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2335_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Oral health is a key indicator of overall health and wellbeing. Despite adequate medical advancements in global oral health, problems still persist in many communities in India especially in the hard to reach areas of the vulnerable population. Aims This study aimed to assess the oral hygiene status among adults of Santhal tribe in a rural area of West Bengal and to find out the factors associated with their oral hygiene status. Materials and Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults of Santhal tribe in a rural area of Paschim Bardhhaman district, West Bengal. Data was collected from 103 participants by simple random sampling (without replacement) technique using a predesigned pretested structured schedule. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results The mean age of the study participants was 32.17 ± 12.72 years. Half (50.5%) were female participants. The proportion of poor oral hygiene status was 38.8%. Significant predictors of poor oral hygiene status on univariate logistic regression were age group (P = 0.011), gender (P = 0.013), alcohol consumption (P = 0.001), use of "datun" (P = 0.011), smokeless tobacco (SLT) use (P = 0.000), and both smoking Tobacco (ST)-SLT use (P = 0.000). In multivariable model, "datun" use (P = 0.013), SLT use (P = 0.001), both ST-SLT use (P = 0.004) retained their significant association with poor oral hygiene status. Conclusion The present study findings emphasize on necessity of awareness generation regarding oral hygiene and strategic implementation of essential oral care in tribal communities residing in this area of West Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasibur Zaman Haque
- Department of Epidemiology, All India Institute of Hygiene an Public Health (AIIH&PH), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipak Pal
- Department of Epidemiology, All India Institute of Hygiene an Public Health (AIIH&PH), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Sadhukhan
- Department of Epidemiology, All India Institute of Hygiene an Public Health (AIIH&PH), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Das
- Department of Epidemiology, All India Institute of Hygiene an Public Health (AIIH&PH), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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23
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Neeraja M, Iyyapu R, Kumar NR, Manoj G, Tatapudi RR. Identification of the novel allele, HLA-B*44:256, in an individual from West Bengal in Eastern India. HLA 2021; 99:46-48. [PMID: 34628728 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing based HLA typing has led to the identification of a novel allele HLA-B*44:256. The novel allele HLA-B*44:256 differs from B*44:02:01:01 by eight nucleotides in exon 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamidi Neeraja
- Department of Transplant Immunology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rohit Iyyapu
- Department of Transplant Immunology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neerudi Raj Kumar
- Department of Transplant Immunology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gorle Manoj
- Department of Transplant Immunology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India
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24
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Malakar S. Geospatial modelling of COVID-19 vulnerability using an integrated fuzzy MCDM approach: a case study of West Bengal, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 8:3103-3116. [PMID: 34604502 PMCID: PMC8475317 DOI: 10.1007/s40808-021-01287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a worldwide transmitted pandemic that has brought a threatening challenge to Indian society and the economy. The disease has become a public health disaster, which has no effective medication. However, proper management and planning, which includes understanding the transmitting pattern, number of containment zones, vulnerable factors, and level of risk, may break the chain of transmission and reduce the number of cases. Hence, this study has attempted to model the COVID-19 vulnerability using an integrated fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, namely fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) for West Bengal, India, through geographic information system (GIS). A total of 15 parameters were utilised to model the COVID-19 vulnerability, which was further categorised into three criteria: social vulnerability, epidemiological vulnerability, and physical vulnerability. The final vulnerability mapping has been done using these three criteria through the GIS platform. This study reveals that COVID-19 infection highly threatens about 20% of the total area of West Bengal, 23.42% moderately vulnerable, and 57.03% of the area comes under low vulnerability. The highly vulnerable region includes the Kolkata, South 24 Paraganas, and North 24 Paraganas, which are considered highly populated districts of West Bengal. Therefore government agencies should be more focused and plan accordingly to safeguard the community, especially the region with very high COVID-19 vulnerability, from further spreading the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Malakar
- Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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25
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Sharma PK, Tilak R. Outbreak prone communicable diseases of public health importance in the northern districts of West Bengal - Current status & the way forward. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:358-366. [PMID: 33906999 PMCID: PMC8204839 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_607_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
India is perilously poised on the threshold of an explosion of infectious diseases, some of which have witnessed re-emergence while others await apposite opportunity to do so. The State of West Bengal is uniquely positioned with its innate geographical vulnerabilities that favour outbreaks of a host of infectious diseases. The northern districts of this State are well known endemic areas for many outbreak prone communicable diseases like malaria, Japanese encephalitis, scrub typhus, dengue and kala-azar. An outbreak of Nipah virus in the recent past is a pointer towards the emerging and re-emerging threat in these regions and warrants urgent prioritization for surveillance and monitoring of these diseases. Identification of risk factors, challenges in delivery of primary healthcare, implementation of intervention strategies along with strengthening of healthcare setup are also the need of the hour. Multisectoral initiatives with emphasis on understanding the complex and rapidly evolving human-animal-vector dynamics as envisaged under the ‘One Health’ concept are indubitably important pillars in the effective management of these emerging public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puran Kumar Sharma
- Pasteur Institute, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rina Tilak
- Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ghosh S, Basu M, Banerjee K, Chaudhury SP, Paul T, Bera DK, Pal DK, Sk UH, Panda CK, Ghosh A. Arsenic level in bladder tumor of patients from an exposed population: association with progression and prognosis. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1311-1323. [PMID: 33648348 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To elucidate the impact of arsenic on progression and prognosis of bladder cancer. Patients & methods: Total arsenic in 145 tumors (80 non-muscle-invasive [NMIBC] and 65 muscle-invasive bladder cancer [MIBC]) was measured and associated with Ki67 expression, tumor-clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Results: Tumor arsenic concentration was higher in exposed than unexposed patients (256 μg/kg vs 77 μg/kg; p < 0.0001) and positively correlated (r = 0.65; p < 0.0001) with arsenic content of patient's drinking water. Arsenic concentration showed significant association with Ki67-overexpression (p = 0.001) and advanced tumor stages (NMIBC vs MIBC; p = 0.0009). In NMIBC, high tumor arsenic (>100 μg/kg) and Ki67 overexpression was established as predictors for recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.68; p = 0.005 and HR: 3.91; p = 0.018) and progression (HR: 6.04; p = 0.023 and HR: 6.87; p = 0.013). In MIBC, association of high arsenic remained significant with increased risk of recurrence (HR: 4.58; p = 0.04). Conclusion: In NMIBC, high arsenic and Ki67 overexpression and in MIBC, only high arsenic showed prognostic importance in predicting poor patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabnam Ghosh
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Mukta Basu
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Kalyan Banerjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | | | - Tanmoy Paul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Bera
- Department of Urology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Ugir Hossain Sk
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Amlan Ghosh
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
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Bhowmick S, Parolia S, Jana S, Kundu D, Choudhury D, Das N, Ray K, KarPurkaysatha S. A study on the anxiety level and stress during Covid19 lockdown among the general population of West Bengal, India- A must know for primary care physicians. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:978-984. [PMID: 34041108 PMCID: PMC8138382 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1385_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Covid19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes in human lives across the globe in the form of lockdown and an uncertain future. Information regarding the COVID-19-related anxiety and well-being among the public in India is very limited, especially from the state of West Bengal. We conducted this e-survey among the general population of West Bengal to assess the anxiety levels and the well-being status during lockdown. This information would be helpful to guide family physicians to screen patients for anxiety from the primary care level. Aims: The main aim of this questionnaire based study was to assess the levels of anxiety and well-being status among the public including the frontline workers in West Bengal, India. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted with a validated e-questionnaire after Institutional Ethics committee approval, from 18th April, 2020 to 3rd May, 2020. The questionnaire had 12 questions which included the Generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD)-7 scale and the WHO-5 scale (5 question-items) to assess the well-being of the participants. The survey link was distributed through the social networking sites of WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter and e-mails within West Bengal. Microsoft Excel (version 2016) was used to analyse the data. Results: A total of 355 responses were received 15.49% responders were observed to have anxiety and 37.74% participants had low well-being scores. Majority of healthcare workers (89.47%) were seen to have anxiety and a significant (52.03%) had a low well-being status. Conclusions: We report the presence of anxiety and low well-being among the general population of West Bengal. It is important to understand the current psychological status of the public for the family physicians as many would visit them with vague symptoms. There is a dire need to screen all patients including front line workers visiting primary care physicians for mental health to ensure better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojyoti Bhowmick
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saksham Parolia
- Student, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubham Jana
- Ex-executive, Clinical Research Department, Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Center Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Kundu
- Executive, Clinical Research Department, Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Center Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Digbijoy Choudhury
- Associate Consultant, Family Medicine, Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, & Spice Route India, State Lead (WB), India
| | - Nina Das
- Head, Department of Pharmacology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnanghsu Ray
- Medical Director, Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Centre Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit KarPurkaysatha
- Senior Consultant, Department of Gastroenterology, Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Centre Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Biswas S, Chakraborty D, Ghosh P, Kumar P, Adhikary R, Saha MK. HIV Risk profile and its socio-demographic correlates among long-distance truckers in West Bengal, India: Evidence from national HIV sentinel surveillance 2017. Indian J Public Health 2021; 64:S8-S14. [PMID: 32295950 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_98_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-distance truckers (LDTs) belong to a special sentinel group with potentially high risk of acquisition of HIV owing to their high mobility, sociodemographic vulnerability, and high-risk behaviors. Objective The objective is to estimate the prevalence of HIV and identifies its sociodemographic correlates among a representative population of LDTs in West Bengal, India. Methods Between May and July 2017, HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) was conducted in West Bengal by the National AIDS Control Organization. A total of 749 LDTs were recruited for the study, were interviewed, and tested for HIV. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis of socio-demographics, sexual risk behavior, and HIV serostatus were performed using SAS 9.3.2. Results The prevalence of HIV among LDT was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-2.0). Mean age was 32.8 years (standard deviation 8.5), 77.1% were currently married, 89.9% were literate, 85.7% visited HSS site for collecting condoms or seeking medical care and treatment, 53.1% were rural residents, 86.7% had sex at least once with a female partner other than wife in the past 6 months, 2.7% had sex with a male partner and 1.7% injected drugs for recreational purpose. Higher age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1 [95% CI = 1.0-1.1]), literate (OR = 0.3 [95% CI = 0.1-0.9]), visiting HSS sites for collecting condoms or seeking medical care and treatment (adjusted OR [AOR] = 0.2 [95% CI = 0.1-0.6]), rural residence (OR = 0.2 [95% CI = 0.1-0.3]) and duration of stay in home (AOR = 1.3 [95% CI = 1.1-1.5]) were found to be significant predictors of having sex with a female partner other than wife. Conclusion High HIV burden calls for urgency in the implementation of targeted intervention to minimize HIV risk among LDTs in West Bengal to fight against HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Biswas
- Project Coordinator, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debjit Chakraborty
- Scientist D, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Piyali Ghosh
- Project Assistant, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Programme Officer, National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajatashuvra Adhikary
- National Professional Officer, World Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - Malay Kumar Saha
- Scientist F, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Mukherjee A, Naskar S, Banerjee N, Mandal S, Das DK. Status of salt iodization, related awareness and practice at the household level in slums of Burdwan Municipality, West Bengal. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:361-366. [PMID: 34017754 PMCID: PMC8132837 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1576_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Monitoring adequacy of salt iodization at consumption level and exploring the reasons for inadequacy, especially in marginalized communities, is crucial to achieve the target coverage of universal salt iodization. Aims: To assess the iodine content of salt used at household level, related awareness and practice of respondents and their socio demographic correlates. Settings and Designs: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the slums of Burdwan Municipality in 2019. Methods and Material: A total of 330 households were selected by cluster sampling. Salt iodine content was estimated at household level semi-quantitatively by Iodine testing kit, following recommended guidelines. One respondent from each household was interviewed to assess their awareness and practice regarding iodized salt. Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test and Multivariable logistic regression was used. Results: All 330 households were using iodized salt; 77.6% were consuming adequately iodized and 22.4% were consuming inadequately iodized salts. Only 30.9% of the respondents were aware about the importance of iodized salt, few had correct practice despite inadequate knowledge and none, except one, practiced adding salt at the end of cooking. Awareness and practice were associated with caste and age of the respondents, respectively. Keeping salt container near the oven, adjusting for keeping salt in uncovered container, significantly predicted inadequate level of iodization [AOR 6.17 (95% CI: 2.68-14.26)]. Conclusion: Inadequate iodization, lack of awareness regarding iodized salt and faulty storing practices amounting to increased risk of inadequate iodization are still prevalent emphasizing the need, in policy, for health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Mukherjee
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Naskar
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India
| | - Niladri Banerjee
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India
| | - Sutapa Mandal
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip K Das
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India
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Mukherjee A, Banerjee N, Naskar S, Roy S, Das DK, Mandal S. Contraceptive behavior and unmet need among the tribal married women aged 15-49 years: A cross-sectional study in a community development block of paschim Bardhaman District, West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2021; 65:159-165. [PMID: 34135185 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_115_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contraceptive behavior and unmet need for family planning, particularly among the tribal women of reproductive age in India, still remains a public health concern. This needs to be explored in different geographical regions. Objectives : This study aimed to ascertain the contraceptive behavior of tribal married women of 15-49 years and to assess the unmet need for family planning and its determinants. Methods : A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted during May 2019 to April 2020 in Barabani Block of Paschim Bardhaman District, West Bengal. A calculated sample of 530 study participants was selected from the study area by the simple random sampling. Required data on contraceptive behavior characteristics, unmet need, and correlates were collected by interviewing them with a predesigned schedule. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were done. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software v. 20. Results : All study participants were Hindu and belonged to Santhal ethnicity; 53.4% were illiterate; 51.7% had early marriage, and 52.4% had adolescent pregnancy. Only 41.1% women were found currently using any contraceptives, another 14.5% ever used and 44.4% never used any methods. Apprehension of side effects and spouse disapproval were reported as two common reasons for never using contraceptives. The age of the women appeared as a significant predictor of current contraceptive use. Overall, unmet need for family planning was 19.4% and age of the women, socioeconomic status, and type of the family were found as significant predictors. Conclusion Issues contributing to unsatisfactory contraceptive behavior and high unmet need for family planning need to be addressed appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Mukherjee
- Post Graduate Trainee (PGT), Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Niladri Banerjee
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Naskar
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sima Roy
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Das
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sutapa Mandal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Kapasia N, Paul P, Roy A, Saha J, Zaveri A, Mallick R, Barman B, Das P, Chouhan P. Impact of lockdown on learning status of undergraduate and postgraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India. Child Youth Serv Rev 2020; 116:105194. [PMID: 32834270 PMCID: PMC7308748 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To assess the impact of lockdown amidst COVID-19 on undergraduate and postgraduate learners of various colleges and universities of West Bengal. An online survey was conducted from 1 May to 8 May 2020 to collect the information. A structural questionnaire link using 'Google form' was sent to students' through WhatsApp and E-mail. A total of 232 students provided complete information regarding the survey. The simple percentage distribution was used to assess the learning status of the study participants. During the lockdown period, around 70% of learners were involved in e-learning. Most of the learners were used android mobile for attending e-learning. Students have been facing various problems related to depression anxiety, poor internet connectivity, and unfavorable study environment at home. Students from remote areas and marginalized sections mainly face enormous challenges for the study during this pandemic. This study suggests targeted interventions to create a positive space for study among students from the vulnerable section of society. Strategies are urgently needed to build a resilient education system in the state that will ensure to develop the skill for employability and the productivity of the young minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanigopal Kapasia
- Department of Geography, Malda College, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Pintu Paul
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Avijit Roy
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Jay Saha
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Zaveri
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Mallick
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Bikash Barman
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Prabir Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Chouhan
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga (UGB), Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
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Sou SK. Redescription of Tanqua tiara (von Linstow, 1879) Blanchard, 1904 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke and Gray, 1827) (Reptilia: Varanidae) from Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:381-387. [PMID: 32508412 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanqua tiara (von Linstow, 1879) Blanchard, 1904, recovered from the stomach of water monitor lizard, Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke and Gray, 1827), collected from the Dubrajpur town, Birbhum district of West Bengal, India, is redescribed with light as well as scanning electron microscopy. This species is characterised by presence of two large lateral pseudolabia followed by massive cephalic bulb. The inner surface of each pseudolabium is folded into five rounded tooth-like formations which fit into corresponding folds on adjacent pseudolabium. Spicules are equal and similar. Gubernaculum is absent. Caudal papillae are sessile and five pairs in number. Present nematode differs from earlier descriptions of T. tiara in having five pairs of caudal papillae and an unpaired median precloacal papilla. Position of phasmids has also been reported in present study. Actual structure of cervical papillae and cuticular striations have been shown in present SEM studies which are also different from earlier descriptions. Dubrajpur is recorded as new geographical area for this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan K Sou
- Department of Zoology, Kulti College, Kulti, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal 713343 India
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Bhattacharjee T, Mandal P, Gangopadhyay S. Smokeless tobacco use and related oral mucosal changes in Bengali Women. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2741-2746. [PMID: 32984118 PMCID: PMC7491812 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_100_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is called the single most cause of preventable cause of death all over the world. The various study confirmed that smokeless tobacco use is directly related to oral cancer and pre-cancer. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use varies widely in different countries and states based on age group, gender, with varied socioeconomic, cultural and educational backgrounds. CONTEXT Bengali female population. AIM Explore the pattern of smokeless tobacco use and oral mucosal changes caused by it. METHODS 155 women aged 15 years and above were selected. Face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Data were summarized and statistically, analysis was done. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Chi-square test and univariate logistic regression done. RESULTS The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was found to be 18.7%. On univariate logistic regression, it was found that there was a significant association between smokeless tobacco use and less educated females, odds ratio 0.4209 (0.1855-0.9550) family income less than 10,000, odds ratio 3.9773 (1.3047-12.1242), and oral changes odds ratio 0.2693 (0.1027-0.7061). CONCLUSIONS Health care providers, as well as social workers, should give all efforts to bring the women from behind the curtain and educate them about the hazards of smokeless tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, North Bengal Dental College and Hospital, Darjeeling, WestBengal, India
| | - Pallab Mandal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, North Bengal Dental College and Hospital, Darjeeling, WestBengal, India
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Stiller CK, Golembiewski SKE, Golembiewski M, Mondal S, Biesalski HK, Scherbaum V. Maternal nutritional status and child feeding practices: a retrospective study in Santal communities, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15:50. [PMID: 32471456 PMCID: PMC7257594 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In West Bengal, according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16, undernutrition and anemia are particularly common among scheduled tribe women and children. The purpose of this research is to assess the nutritional status of Adivasi mothers and child feeding patterns, relevant for clinical practice and the design of future preventive actions. These baseline characteristics were obtained in the scope of a feeding trial aimed at improving the hemoglobin concentration of the index child (6–39 months). Methods In February 2015, the baseline survey was conducted in 21 tribal villages. In total, 288 mothers and 307 children were recruited for their hemoglobin levels (HemoCue Hb201+), as well as anthropometric indices height/length, weight and MUAC. By questionnaire-based interview aspects on child feeding practices, childcare, family scheduling, and prenatal care were elucidated. Results The majority of mothers belong to the Santal tribe (93.8%). Nearly half of mothers suffered from underweight including severe forms (BMI < 18.5: 49.4%), and the majority of mothers were anemic (Hb < 12 g/dl: 86.2%). Similarly, undernutrition was highly prevalent among the index children. Ever breastfeeding was almost universal in the study area (99.6%), with all infants aged < 12 months at the time of the interview still being breastfed. The majority of children were breastfed within the first hour after birth (75.7%), still every third child (32.2%) was deprived of colostrum. Merely 32.9% of infants were exclusively breastfed for 6 months (180 days) according to the recommendations of the WHO/UNICEF. When relating to the proposed complementary feeding (CF) indicator then 89.6% of children have received CF (mainly family foods/biscuits/plain rice) during the first 6 to 8 months, and 46.8% of children aged 6 to 23 months fulfilled the minimum acceptable diet (2 to 3 meals per day and ≥ 4 food groups per day), corresponding to 58.1% among children aged 12 to 23 months versa 25% among infants aged 6 to 11 months. Conclusion The maternal nutritional status was poor and showed interrelations with the nutritional status of the index child. Inadequate feeding and caring practices were common. In particular the younger age group (< 12 months) was found at risk of being offered inadequate CF, which needs to be tackled by future programs. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register on the 1st July 2019 (DRKS00017388).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Katharina Stiller
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Shining Eyes -medical aid for children and socioeconomic village development in India e.V., Flein, Germany.
| | - Silvia Konstanze Ellen Golembiewski
- Shining Eyes -medical aid for children and socioeconomic village development in India e.V., Flein, Germany. .,Institute of Household and Consumer Economics (530A), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Monika Golembiewski
- Shining Eyes -medical aid for children and socioeconomic village development in India e.V., Flein, Germany
| | - Srikanta Mondal
- Bolpur Manab Jamin, South Jambuni, Birbhum District, Bolpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Hans Konrad Biesalski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Veronika Scherbaum
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
India has recently started sequencing SARS-CoV2 genome from clinical isolates. Currently only few sequences are available from three states in India. Kerala was the first state to deposit complete sequence from two isolates followed by one from Gujarat. On April 27, 2020, the first five sequences from the state of West Bengal (Eastern India) were deposited on GISAID, a global initiative for sharing avian flu data. In this study, we have analysed the spike protein sequences from all five isolates and also compared their similarities or differences with other sequences reported in India and with isolates of Wuhan origin. We report one unique mutation at position 723 and another at 1124 in the S2 domain of spike protein of the isolates from West Bengal only. There was one mutation downstream of the receptor binding domain at position 614 in S1 domain which was common with the sequence from Gujarat (a state of western India). Mutation in the S2 domain showed changes in the secondary structure of the spike protein at region of the mutation. We also studied molecular dynamics using normal mode analyses and found that this mutation decreases the flexibility of S2 domain. Since both S1 and S2 are important in receptor binding followed by entry in the host cells, such mutations may define the affinity or avidity of receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroza Begum
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debica Mukherjee
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dluya Thagriki
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandeepan Das
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arup Kumar Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Sushrutanagar, West Bengal, 734012, India
| | - Upasana Ray
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Begum F, Mukherjee D, Thagriki D, Das S, Tripathi PP, Banerjee AK, Ray U. Analyses of spike protein from first deposited sequences of SARS-CoV2 from West Bengal, India. F1000Res 2020; 9:371. [PMID: 32595958 PMCID: PMC7309413 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.23805.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
India has recently started sequencing SARS-CoV2 genome from clinical isolates. Currently only few sequences are available from three states in India. Kerala was the first state to deposit complete sequence from two isolates followed by one from Gujarat. On April 27, 2020, the first five sequences from the state of West Bengal (Eastern India) were deposited on GISAID, a global initiative for sharing avian flu data. In this study, we have analysed the spike protein sequences from all five isolates and also compared their similarities or differences with other sequences reported in India and with isolates of Wuhan origin. We report one unique mutation at position 723 and another at 1124 in the S2 domain of spike protein of the isolates from West Bengal only. There was one mutation downstream of the receptor binding domain at position 614 in S1 domain which was common with the sequence from Gujarat (a state of western India). Mutation in the S2 domain showed changes in the secondary structure of the spike protein at region of the mutation. We also studied molecular dynamics using normal mode analyses and found that this mutation decreases the flexibility of S2 domain. Since both S1 and S2 are important in receptor binding followed by entry in the host cells, such mutations may define the affinity or avidity of receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroza Begum
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debica Mukherjee
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dluya Thagriki
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandeepan Das
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arup Kumar Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Sushrutanagar, West Bengal, 734012, India
| | - Upasana Ray
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 730032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Bardhan T, Chakraborty M, Bhattacharjee B. Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant, Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Proteobacteria in Hospital Water Bodies and Out-Falls of West Bengal, India. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1007. [PMID: 32033408 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in a catastrophic increase in the levels of antibiotic resistance in India. Hospitals treat critical bacterial infections and thus can serve as reservoirs of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Hence, this study was conducted to gauge the prevalence patterns of MDR bacteria in hospital wastewater. Water samples collected from 11 hospitals and 4 environmental sources belonging to 5 most-densely populated districts of West Bengal, India were grown on MacConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue agar. A total of 84 (hospital-associated = 70, environmental water sources = 14) isolates were characterized. The predominant species found in water from hospital-associated areas (HAA) were Acinetobacter baumannii (22.9%), Escherichia coli (28.6 %), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.7%). Greater than 75% of the HAA isolates were found to be mcr-1 gene negative and colistinresistant. Meropenem non-susceptibility was also high among the HAA isolates at 58.6%, with the presence of the carbapenemase gene and blaNDM in 67.1% of the non-susceptible isolates. Among the three predominant species, significantly higher numbers of E. coli isolates were found to be non-susceptible to meropenem ((80%), p-value = 0.00432) and amikacin (AK (90%), p-value = 0.00037). This study provides evidence for the presence of high numbers of colistin-resistant and carbapenem-hydrolyzing Proteobacteriain hospital wastewater.
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Stiller CK, Golembiewski SKE, Golembiewski M, Mondal S, Biesalski HK, Scherbaum V. Prevalence of Undernutrition and Anemia among Santal Adivasi Children, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E342. [PMID: 31947849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
India’s Adivasi scheduled tribe population is disproportionately affected by undernutrition and anemia, thereby prevailing in the poorest wealth deciles denominated as socially and economically vulnerable. This study was designed to assess the extent of child undernutrition (conventional and composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) classification), as well as the burden of anemia in children and its independent nutrition specific and sensitive drivers, moreover to reflect the living conditions of Santal Adivasis. The research survey was conducted in 21 Santal villages, Birbhum District, West Bengal, in 2015. An overall 307 children (aged 6–39 months) and their mothers (n = 288) were assessed for their hemoglobin (Hb) levels (HemoCue Hb201+) and anthropometric indices such as height/length, weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Moreover, socio-demographic household characteristics were surveyed. The study confirmed Adivasi children lagging behind national average with a high prevalence of undernutrition (height-for-age z-score (HAZ) 51.9%, weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) 49.2%, weight-for-height z-score WHZ 19.0% and CIAF 61.6%) and of moderate and severe anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL, 73.3% altogether). Child’s age <24 months, low WAZ scores, morbidity (any fever, diarrhea or respiratory infection) on the checkup day or during previous week, low maternal Hb level, and lack of dietary diversification were identified as predictors for anemia, thereby warrant targeted interventions to decrease the high anemia rates assessed in the study site.
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Chatterjee S. Rural-urban differentials in fertility levels and fertility preferences in West Bengal, India: a district-level analysis. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 52:117-31. [PMID: 31140391 DOI: 10.1017/S0021932019000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fertility in West Bengal is one of the lowest in India, and this relies heavily on the use of traditional methods of contraception. Social scientists and demographers have pointed to the historical role of the diffusion process of adhering to a small family size. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Kolkata district, the state capital, is the lowest in the country, and has been a centre of low fertility historically. However, stark differences in rural-urban fertility rates have existed over the last few decades in West Bengal, but these have now started to narrow. This study aimed to capture the macro-level rural-urban differences in fertility levels and preferences in the West Bengal, and understand how socioeconomic factors affect these. Data were drawn from the Census of India (2011) and NFHS-4 (2015-16). Using census data and the Reverse-Surviving Method, the TFR of West Bengal was estimated to be 1.9, varying between 2.1 and 1.7 in rural and urban areas. The rural-urban gap in the district-level fertility rates was prominent, specifically in districts with higher levels of fertility. Kolkata, Hugli and North Twenty-Four Parganas had the lowest-low fertility (TFR = <1.5). Fewer than half of women with only one living child wanted further children, and this was somewhat higher in rural areas. Around 40% of women had achieved their desired number of children. However, a substantial proportion (43.1%) had a lower number of children than desired, varying between 45.9% and 41.7% in urban and rural areas, respectively. Contraception use, female education and age at marriage, along with the other socioeconomic factors, had a greater influence on rural fertility rates than on urban counterparts in the districts of West Bengal. Further research should be directed at understanding the contemporary fertility decline as well as the gap between ideal and desired number of children, specifically in those districts with very low fertility rates.
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Abstract
Arsenic is a potent human carcinogen affecting the rate of cancer deaths worldwide. In India, West Bengal is the worst affected state by arsenic. To our best knowledge, this is the first study relating arsenic toxicity with oral carcinoma, along with HPV infection, the latter being well established in western countries. To find out a possible correlation between arsenic toxicity and oral carcinoma in the population of West Bengal, in or without any association with human papilloma virus infection. Ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the institutional committee. One hundred and four malignant and 103 premalignant cases were selected for this study along with 200 healthy age and sex-matched individuals selected as control (100 each for malignant and premalignant) (2013-2017). On proper consent, their buccal swab and hair samples were assessed for the presence of HPV DNA by DNA extraction, followed by PCR and arsenic estimation by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry respectively. A very highly significant correlation has been observed between arsenic toxicity, HPV infection and the occurrence of oral carcinoma (p value = 2.18e-06; p value = 0.00100 respectively). A correlation has also been observed between these two factors simultaneously, contributing to this malignancy (phi coefficient = 0.2194839). A statistically significant correlation observed between this metal toxicity and viral infection in the occurrence of oral carcinoma in this population indicates a possible symbiotic role between these two factors in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Pal
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, 99 Sarat Bose Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Ajanta Halder
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, 99 Sarat Bose Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
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Sou SK, Sow KK, Nandi AP. Description of a New Species of Rhabdias Stiles and Hassall, 1905 (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) in Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1899) from West Bengal, India. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:171-5. [PMID: 30645738 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-018-00018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this article is to describe a new species of Rhabdias Stiles and Hassall, 1905 from West Bengal, India. Rhabdias bengalensis sp. nov. (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) recovered from the lungs of Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1899), collected from Illambazar town, Birbhum district of West Bengal, India. METHODS The collected nematode specimens were clean by shaking them in 0.67% NaCl solution and were killed and fixed in steaming 70% alcohol; lactophenol was used as a mounting medium for light microscopic examination. The lactophenol treated specimens after examination were directly transferred to 70% alcohol and could be stored satisfactorily. RESULTS The new species is named as, R. bengalensis sp. nov. (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae), in reference to its locality of collection, West Bengal, India. The worms are small [(2.84-2.96 mm) in length], anterior end somewhat truncated and posterior end tapering. R. bengalensis sp. nov. is characterised by rounded mouth without lips, inflated cuticle, cup-shaped buccal capsule, pre-equatorial vulva and a conical tail. CONCLUSION The present nematodes, thus, appear to be new in the field of science and name R. bengalensis sp. nov. is proposed for them. R. bengalensis sp. nov. represents 17th species described from oriental region and the 10th species from India.
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Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy and lactation require greater need for nutrition for a mother but the situation becomes more complicated when a pregnant or a lactating woman follows or forced to undergo certain dietary restriction for the benefits of her baby. This study was conducted to know about the food taboos followed during pregnancy and early part of lactation by the women residing in a rural area. Methods: The study was conducted at different subcenters of Amdanga Community Development Block of North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. The study was descriptive, observational with cross-sectional design, and was done through mixing of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Total four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted and 44 pregnant women and lactating mothers participated in those discussions. Notes and audio recording from FGDs were transcribed to written English language, analyzed, and principal domains were extracted. Result: Taboos were present regarding consumption of various fruits (banana, papaya, jackfruit, coconut), vegetables (brinjal, leafy vegetables), meat, fish, and eggs during pregnancy. These were followed mainly to prevent miscarriage, promote easy delivery, and prevent fetal malformations. Taboos in the lactation included avoidance of small fish, foods with multiple seeds, other “cold” foods, and fluid restriction in some areas. The taboos were followed spontaneously as the inhibitions were imposed only for a definite period. Conclusion: Though diminished, food taboos are still prevalent in the rural areas of West Bengal. Nutrition education in pregnancy and lactation may be strengthened in those areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Chakrabarti
- Department of Community Medicine, COM and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhik Chakrabarti
- Department of Medicine, COM and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Acharya K, Nandi S, Dutta AK. Microanatomical and Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidative Activity of Methanolic Extract of Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Höhn. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 16:76-81. [PMID: 32454699 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.19981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Oudemansiella canarii is an edible mushroom highly appreciated throughout the world due to its being a gastronomic delicacy. To date, no extensive work has been reported on the pharmacological or antioxidative aspects of this macrofungus. The present study focuses on the micromorphological features, confirmation of its identity based on molecular sequence (nrITS rDNA) data, and determination of its physicochemical parameters such as organoleptic features and fluorescent behavior. Materials and Methods Collected basidiocarps were powdered and used for microscopic and organoleptic evaluation. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, total antioxidant activity methods, and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay were used for evaluating the antioxidant capacities of the methanolic extract. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis profile was also recorded to analyze the phenolic fingerprint. Results The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined with an EC50 value of 0.912 μg, total antioxidant activity was found to be 15.33 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg of extract, and the ABTS assay revealed 12.91 μm TE/mg of extract antioxidant activity. The HPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of 12 peaks. Several parameters were tested for the determination of chemical composition, revealing the existence of major bioactive components in the extract in the following order: phenol>flavonoid>ascorbic acid>β-carotene~lycopene. Conclusion The present work suggests that O. canarii may be considered a novel prospect as a functional food and antioxidant supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudeshna Nandi
- University of Calcutta, Department of Botany, Kolkata, India
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Banerjee A, Rognes K, Whitmore D. Two species of Caiusa Surcouf (Diptera: Calliphoridae) new to India, with data on larval behaviour and morphology. Biodivers Data J 2018:e27736. [PMID: 30271253 PMCID: PMC6160781 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e27736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caiusa Surcouf (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is an Old World genus of blow flies, the larvae of which feed on egg masses in the foam nests of various species of rhacophorid tree frogs. Here, we provide the first records for India (West Bengal, Eastern India) of Caiusa coomani Séguy, 1948 and C. karrakerae Rognes, 2015, together with new information on the behaviour and morphology of their larvae. Active surface swimming to disperse from infested nests is documented in blow fly larvae for the first time, as is the presence of a large internal air sac presumably acting as a floating aid. Chiromantis simus (Annandale, 1915) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) egg masses are first recorded as a feeding substrate of Caiusa larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Banerjee
- BC Roy Road, nr Shyamkhola More, PO South Jagaddal, Rajpur, South 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, India BC Roy Road, nr Shyamkhola More, PO South Jagaddal, Rajpur, South 24 Parganas Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Knut Rognes
- University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway
| | - Daniel Whitmore
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Natural History Museum London United Kingdom
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Pal P, Raychowdhury R, Basu S, Gure PK, Das S, Halder A. Cytogenetic and micronuclei study of human papillomavirus-related oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:335-340. [PMID: 30651677 PMCID: PMC6306614 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_269_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of human papilloma viral infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma is well studied in the Western countries, but its correlation with DNA damage in the form of micronuclei (MN) formation, ceased apoptosis or presence of chromosomal abnormalities has not yet been studied. AIM The aim of this study is to find any possible correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cytogenetic damage in the oral malignant and premalignant population of West Bengal. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 104 malignant and 103 premalignant cases were selected along with 200 controls. METHODS The buccal smear samples were Pap stained for the detection of MN, apoptosis frequency and koilocytes. The buccal swab samples were processed for DNA extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HPV DNA. The peripheral venous blood samples were processed for the detection of any chromosomal abnormality, by the method of human leukocyte culture followed by Giemsa staining. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Correlation analysis using GraphPad Prism software was used in this study. RESULTS About 34.6%, 42.3% and 6.73% of malignant and 6.79%, 3.88% and 20.38% of premalignant cases showed the presence of HPV DNA, koilocytes and apoptosis, respectively. The difference between the MN frequencies of premalignant and malignant oral lesions with the control group is significant with respect to various risk factors (P < 0.05). One percentage of malignant cases showed the presence of chromosomal break. CONCLUSION A considerable percentage of malignant cases showing the presence of koilocytes and viral DNA may indicate the effect of HPV infection leading to the malignancy, which can be correlated with the MN and apoptosis frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Pal
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjan Raychowdhury
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Basu
- Department of Pathology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Gure
- Department of Otolaryngology, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Das
- Department of Oral Maxillo Facial and Surgery, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajanta Halder
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sou SK, Sow KK, Nandi AP. Camallanides prashadi Baylis and Daubney, 1922 (Nematoda, Camallanidae) in Xenchropis piscator (Schneider, 1799) (Reptilia, Squamata) and discussion on the synonymy of Camallanides piscatori Khera, 1954 from West Bengal, India. J Parasit Dis 2018; 42:365-371. [PMID: 30166783 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Camallanides prashadi Baylis and Daubney, 1922, recovered from the intestine of Asiatic water snake, Xenchropis piscator (Schneider, 1799), collected from the Bolpur town, Birbhum district of West Bengal, India, is redescribed. This species is characterised by presence of buccal capsule which is reddish-brown in colour and consists of two lateral buccal valves. Each buccal valve bears five complete and four incomplete longitudinal ridges, presence of similar, non-alate, unequal spicules and fourteen pairs of pedunculated caudal papillae. Of these papillae, seven pairs are preanal, two pairs are adanal and five pairs are postanal in position. Camallanides piscatori Khera, 1954 is proposed as a synonym for Camallanides prashadi Baylis and Daubney, 1922. Birbhum district is recorded as new geographical locality for this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan K Sou
- Department of Zoology, Kulti College, Kulti, Paschim Bardhaman, 713343 West Bengal India
| | - Kanchan K Sow
- 2Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, Purba Bardhaman, 713104 West Bengal India
| | - Anadi P Nandi
- 2Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, Purba Bardhaman, 713104 West Bengal India
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Kanchan Sk MI, Chattopadhyay A, Anand A, Naskar TK, Chakraborty S. Analyzing the etiology behind mortality associated with antepartum, intrapartum, and post-partum cases in a tertiary care teaching hospital of West Bengal. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2018; 19:65-71. [PMID: 29588262 PMCID: PMC5994816 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.2017.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was undertaken to understand the causes and circumstances of maternal deaths in West Bengal. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred ten maternal deaths were reported during the period December 2010 through June 2012 in the Maternity Ward of Medical College and Hospitals, West Bengal. These deaths were reviewed using a facility-based Maternal Death Review protocol. The number and percentages were calculated and binary logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS The majority of the deaths occurred in the 20-24 years’ age group, those with Hindu religion, in the first and second gravida, and the postpartum period. One third of mothers had cesarean sections. The majority (78.2%) of deaths were among referred cases. Eclampsia was the leading cause of maternal death (29.1%). Approximately half of the deceased women sought care after 10 hours of developing complications. More than one-third of maternal deaths were registered with type 1 delays. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that maternal deaths occurred among young women, referred cases, with cesarean sections and type 1 delays. We recommend that imparting basic skills and improving awareness to the community about the danger signs of pregnancy could be an effective measure to detect maternal complications at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Illias Kanchan Sk
- Department of Population Policies and Programmes, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Aparajita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankit Anand
- Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Naskar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Somajita Chakraborty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
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Khatun T, Chatterjee S. Emergence of West Nile virus in West Bengal, India: a new report. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 111:178-184. [PMID: 28673021 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ICMR virus unit in Kolkata functions as an Appex Referral Laboratory for the detection of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) infections in the eastern part of India. In spite of efforts for confirmatory diagnosis, some samples remain undiagnosed every year. West Nile virus (WNV) infection may mimic either dengue (flavivirus) or chikungunya (alphavirus) like illness. WNV is endemic in the tropical region where its principal/potential vectors are Aedes and Culex. Methods We explored the existence of WNV within undiagnosed samples to identify the emergence of a new public health problem. Results Of 1278 sera samples, 574 were negative for DENV and CHIKV either by ELISA or by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. Of these 574 negative samples, 83 (14.5%) and 141 (24.56%) were positive for WNV by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively; no samples were positive for WNV by both methods. After assembling raw sequencing data, partial envelope genome sequence of West Bengal isolates, WNV was compared through BLAST with other WNV Indian strains and 98% homology detected. Phylogenetic analysis of one West Bengal isolates (Accession No. KY421790) and 28 Indian isolates available in GenBank, indicated close clustering. Conclusions The serological and molecular approaches have clearly established the emergence of WNV in West Bengal. Hence, for proper case management, detection of WNV in common febrile illness is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyamalendu Chatterjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, GB- 4, 1st Floor 11 ID & BG Hospital, 57 Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700010, India
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Pal N, Samanta SK, Chakraborty A, Chandra NK, Chandra AK. Interrelationship between iodine nutritional status of lactating mothers and their absolutely breast-fed infants in coastal districts of Gangetic West Bengal in India. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:39-45. [PMID: 29063209 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iodine nutritional status of 128 lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants (1-3 months) from iodine-replete villages during post-salt iodization period was evaluated. Mothers' urine, blood, and breast milk (BM) and infants' urine and blood were collected and analyzed for iodine and serum FT4 and TSH estimation. Mothers' and infants' age, parity, occupation, education, and household income were recorded. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of infants was 250 μg/L, indicating their iodine intake was more than adequate. Mothers' median UIC was 185 μg/L, indicating adequate iodine nutrition; however, 13.28% had mild to severe deficiency. Median breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) was 230 μg/L, which was more than their median UIC 185 μg/L. In iodine-deficient mothers, positive correlation was found between mothers' and infants' serum FT4 and TSH levels, and negative correlation was found between mothers' and infants' serum FT4 and TSH levels in excessive iodine nutrition group. CONCLUSION Iodine intake of breast-fed infants was at the limit of above requirement, and they are possibly at the risk of excess iodine intake. In iodine deficient and excessive iodine intake mothers, their infants' serum FT4 and TSH are independent on their iodine nutritional status but dependent on thyroid hormone profile of their mothers but differently. What is Known: • A median urinary iodine of 100 μg/L is used to define adequate iodine intake of lactating mothers and children < 2 years. However, adequate iodine intake in terms of urinary iodine of infants of age 1-3 months is not known. What is New: • Iodine intake of absolutely breast-fed infants (1-3 months) was more than adequate, though their mother's intake was adequate as breast milk contains more iodine than urine. The infants of iodine deficient and excessive iodine intake mothers, infants' hormonal profile is independent of their iodine nutritional status but dependent on their mothers thyroid hormone profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pal
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India
| | - S K Samanta
- Dr. B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatrics, 111, Narikeldanga Main Road, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - A Chakraborty
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India
| | - N K Chandra
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, BT Road, Kolkata, 700 108, India
| | - A K Chandra
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India.
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Bandyopadhyay S, Sen K. Challenges of Rasthryia Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) in West Bengal, India: An exploratory study. Int J Health Plann Manage 2017; 33:294-308. [PMID: 29052258 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reviews the economic viability of the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), India's landmark health insurance program for below poverty line (BPL) populations in West Bengal state of India. It addresses the issue through in-depth analysis of literature, national and state level data, and a number of key stakeholder interviews. The study argues that the market failure conditions of this insurance model will continue to perpetuate losses for not only the state, but also for insurance companies, unless they adjust on a continuous basis for profit by raising the premium rate. This will further deplete state budgets for health care affecting the viability of the scheme in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasturi Sen
- Wolfson College (CR), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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