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Kumar R, Kamboj H, Dhanda S, Verma A, Chander Y, Nehra K, Bhati A, Dedar RK, Sharma DK, Barua S, Tripathi BN, Sharma S, Kumar N. Identification of miR-29a as a novel biomarker for lumpy skin disease virus exposure in cattle. Virulence 2024; 15:2324711. [PMID: 38527940 PMCID: PMC10965105 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2324711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of immune cells. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-29a antagonizes IFN-γ production at early times post-LSDV infection in cattle. miR-29a was predicted to target upstream IFN-γ regulators, and its inhibition resulted in enhanced IFN-γ production in sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Further, stimulation of PBMCs with LSDV antigen exhibited lower levels of miR-29a, concomitant with a potent cell-mediated immune response (CMI), characterized by an increase in LSDV-specific CD8+ T cell counts and enhanced levels of IFN-γ, which eventually facilitated virus clearance. In addition, a few immunocompromised cattle (developed secondary LSDV infection at ~ 6 months) that failed to mount a potent cell-mediated immune response, were shown to maintain higher miR-29a levels. Furthermore, as compared to the sensitized crossbred cattle, PBMCs from sensitized Rathi (a native Indian breed) animals exhibited lower levels of miR-29a along with an increase in CD8+ T cell counts and enhanced levels of IFN-γ. Finally, we analysed that a ≥ 60% decrease in miR-29a expression levels in the PBMCs of sensitized cattle correlated with a potent CMI response. In conclusion, miR-29a expression is involved in antagonizing the IFN-γ response in LSDV-infected cattle and may serve as a novel biomarker for the acute phase of LSDV infection, as well as predicting the functionality of T cells in sensitized cattle. In addition, Rathi cattle mount a more potent CMI response against LSDV than crossbred cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Himanshu Kamboj
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Shweta Dhanda
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Assim Verma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Kuldeep Nehra
- Livestock Research Station, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Nohar, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kumar Dedar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udaipur, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
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Mikaeeli Kangarshahi B, Naghib SM, Rabiee N. DNA/RNA-based electrochemical nanobiosensors for early detection of cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38450458 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2321202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, serve as versatile recognition elements in electrochemical biosensors, demonstrating notable efficacy in detecting various cancer biomarkers with high sensitivity and selectivity. These biosensors offer advantages such as cost-effectiveness, rapid response, ease of operation, and minimal sample preparation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors for cancer diagnosis, comparing them with antibody-based counterparts. Specific examples targeting key cancer biomarkers, including prostate-specific antigen, microRNA-21, and carcinoembryonic antigen, are highlighted. The discussion delves into challenges and limitations, encompassing stability, reproducibility, interference, and standardization issues. The review suggests future research directions, exploring new nucleic acid recognition elements, innovative transducer materials and designs, novel signal amplification strategies, and integration with microfluidic devices or portable instruments. Evaluating these biosensors in clinical settings using actual samples from cancer patients or healthy donors is emphasized. These sensors are sensitive and specific at detecting non-communicable and communicable disease biomarkers. DNA and RNA's self-assembly, programmability, catalytic activity, and dynamic behavior enable adaptable sensing platforms. They can increase biosensor biocompatibility, stability, signal transduction, and amplification with nanomaterials. In conclusion, nucleic acids-based electrochemical biosensors hold significant potential to enhance cancer detection and treatment through early and accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Mikaeeli Kangarshahi
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Ravichandran SN, Kumar MM, Das A, Banerjee A, Veronica S, Sun-Zhang A, Zhang H, Anbalagan M, Sun XF, Pathak S. An Updated Review on Molecular Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Therapy of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:595-611. [PMID: 38031267 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096270555231113074003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. Since colorectal cancer takes time to develop, its incidence and mortality can be treated effectively if it is detected in its early stages. As a result, non-invasive or invasive biomarkers play an essential role in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Many experimental studies have been carried out to assess genetic, epigenetic, or protein markers in feces, serum, and tissue. It may be possible to find biomarkers that will help with the diagnosis of colorectal cancer by identifying the genes, RNAs, and/or proteins indicative of cancer growth. Recent advancements in the molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer, DNA methylation, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, exosomes, and their involvement in colorectal cancer have led to the discovery of novel biomarkers. In small-scale investigations, most biomarkers appear promising. However, large-scale clinical trials are required to validate their effectiveness before routine clinical implementation. Hence, this review focuses on small-scale investigations and results of big data analysis that may provide an overview of the biomarkers for the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Nagainallur Ravichandran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Makalakshmi Murali Kumar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Alakesh Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Suhanya Veronica
- Department of Medical Microbiology and NanoBiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Świerkowa, s20 B15-328, Białystok, Poland
| | - Alexander Sun-Zhang
- Department of Oncology- Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA70112, United States
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
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Ps SS, Guha A, Deepika B, Udayakumar S, Nag M, Lahiri D, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Nanocargos designed with synthetic and natural polymers for ovarian cancer management. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3407-3415. [PMID: 37421430 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer cells usually spread in the peritoneal region, and if chemotherapeutic drugs can be given in these regions with proximity, then the anticancer property of the chemotherapeutic drugs can enhance. However, chemotherapeutic drug administrations are hindered by local toxicity. In the drug delivery system, microparticles or nanoparticles are administered in a controlled manner. Microparticles stay in a close vicinity while nanoparticles are smaller and can move evenly in the peritoneum. Intravenous administration of the drug evenly distributes the medicine in the target places and if the composition of the drug has nanoparticles it will have more specificity and will have easy access to the cancer cells and tumors. Among the different types of nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles were proven as most efficient in drug delivery. Polymeric nanoparticles are seen to be combined with many other molecules like metals, non-metals, lipids, and proteins, which helps in the increase of cellular uptake. The efficiency of different types of polymeric nanoparticles used in delivering the load for management of ovarian cancer will be discussed in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sofini Ps
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Arina Guha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, 700160, West Bengal, India
| | - Balasubramanian Deepika
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Saranya Udayakumar
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Moupriya Nag
- Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, 700160, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyajit Lahiri
- Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, 700160, West Bengal, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
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Banerjee A, Deka D, Muralikumar M, Sun-Zhang A, Bisgin A, Christopher C, Zhang H, Sun XF, Pathak S. A concise review on miRNAs as regulators of colon cancer stem cells and associated signalling pathways. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3345-3356. [PMID: 37086351 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent therapy advances and a better understanding of colon cancer biology, it remains one of the major causes of death. The cancer stem cells, associated with the progression, metastasis, and recurrence of colon cancer, play a major role in promoting the development of tumour and are found to be chemo resistant. The stroma of the tumour, which makes up the bulk of the tumour mass, is composed of the tumour microenvironment. With the advent of theranostic and the development of personalised medicine, miRNAs are becoming increasingly important in the context of colon malignancies. A holistic understanding of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in cancer cells and cancer stem cells will allow us to design effective strategies to regulate miRNAs, which could lead to improved clinical translation and creating a potent colon cancer treatment strategy. In this review paper, we briefly discuss the history of miRNA as well as the mechanisms of miRNA and cancer stem cells that contribute to the tumour growth, apoptosis, and advancement of colon cancer. The usefulness of miRNA in colorectal cancer theranostic is further concisely reviewed. We conclude by holding a stance in addressing the prospects and possibilities for miRNA by the disclosure of recent theranostic approaches aimed at eradicating cancer stem cells and enhancing overall cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India.
| | - Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Makalakshmi Muralikumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Alexander Sun-Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Atil Bisgin
- InfoGenom R&D Laboratories, Cukurova Technopolis, Adana, Turkey
- Medical Genetics Department of Medical Faculty, Cukurova University AGENTEM (Adana Genetic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center), Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cynthia Christopher
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Orebro University, 701 82, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), 603103, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
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Pandita S, Verma A, Kamboj H, Kumar R, Chander Y, Barua S, Tripathi BN, Kumar N. miRNA profiling of primary lamb testicle cells infected with lumpy skin disease virus. Arch Virol 2023; 168:290. [PMID: 37955695 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, miRNA profiling of cells infected with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was conducted for the first time. When compared to mock-infected cells, LSDV-infected primary lamb testicle (LT) cells showed dysregulation of 64, 85, and 85 miRNAs at 12 hours postinfection (hpi), 48 hpi, and 72 hpi, respectively. While some of these miRNAs were found to be dysregulated at a particular time point following LSDV infection, others were dysregulated at all three time points. Analysis of the differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA interaction networks, Gene Ontology analysis of the predicted targets, and KEGG analysis of highly enriched pathways revealed several cellular factors/pathways involved in protein/ion/enzyme binding, cell differentiation, movement of subcellular components, calcium reabsorption, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and melanogenesis. Some selected upregulated (oar-mir-379-5p, oar-let-7d, Chr10-18769, Chr2_5162 and oar-miR-493-5p) and downregulated (ChrX-33741, Chr3_8257 and Chr26_32680) miRNAs were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. These findings contribute to our understanding of virus replication, virus-host interactions, and disease pathogenesis, and the differentially expressed miRNAs and their cellular targets may serve as biomarkers as well as novel targets for therapeutic intervention against LSDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Pandita
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Assim Verma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Himanshu Kamboj
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
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Jain SM, Deka D, Das A, Paul S, Pathak S, Banerjee A. Role of Interleukins in Inflammation-Mediated Tumor Immune Microenvironment Modulation in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07972-8. [PMID: 37277647 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor cells invade and spread through a procedure termed as epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT). EMT is triggered by any alterations in the genes that encode the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, the enzymes that break down the ECM, and the activation of the genes that causes the epithelial cell to change into a mesenchymal type. The transcription factors NF-κB, Smads, STAT3, Snail, Zeb, and Twist are activated by inflammatory cytokines, for instance, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Tumor Growth Factors, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-6, which promotes EMT. MATERIALS The current piece of work has been reviewed from the literature works published in last 10 years on the role interleukins in inflammation-mediated tumor immune microenvironment modulation in colorectal cancer pathogenesis utilizing the databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct. RESULTS Recent studies have demonstrated that pathological situations, such as epithelial malignancies, exhibit EMT characteristics, such as the downregulation of epithelial markers and the overexpression of mesenchymal markers. Several growing evidence have also proved its existence in the human colon during the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Most often, persistent inflammation is thought to be one factor contributing to the initiation of human cancers, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, according to epidemiologic and clinical research, people with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease have a greater probability of developing CRC. CONCLUSION A substantial amount of data points to the involvement of the NF-κB system, SMAD/STAT3 signaling cascade, microRNAs, and the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase/Snail/Slug in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-mediated development of colorectal malignancies. As a result, EMT is reported to play an active task in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, and therapeutic interventions targeting the inflammation-mediated EMT might serve as a novel strategy for treating CRC. The illustration depicts the relationship between interleukins and their receptors as a driver of CRC development and the potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samatha M Jain
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Dikshita Deka
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Alakesh Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No.500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, CP, Mexico
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, 603103, India.
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Balasubramanian D, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Antimicrobial, Pesticidal and Food Preservative Applications of Lemongrass Oil Nanoemulsion: A Mini-Review. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2022; 13:51-58. [PMID: 35638282 DOI: 10.2174/2212798412666220527154707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oils that are extracted from plants have shown beneficial effects on humans and animals, evidenced by traditional medicine. They possess many essential phytocomponents that act as antimicrobial agents, and most of them are safe for external usage. INTRODUCTION Lemongrass essential oil is extracted from the grass, such as Cymbopogon flexuosus, and is used for antimicrobial activity for a long time. The efficacy of this oil is limited due to the poor solubility and microbial penetration, easy vaporization, and lower stability. Nanoformulations and nanoencapsulations are nanotechnology fields that aim to improve the bioavailability of many natural compounds and enhance their stability. Lemongrass oil has also been nanoformulated as nanoemulsion, and various antimicrobial activities against various pathogens have been demonstrated, which are superior to free lemongrass oil. METHODOLOGY We have used the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar for the mentioned keywords and selected the recent references related to this topic. CONCLUSION In this review, we have discussed various antimicrobial properties of lemongrass essential oil nanoemulsion and its application, such as antibacterial, antifungal, pesticidal, food preservative, and antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) possess exceptional optoelectronic properties that enable their use in the most diverse applications, namely, in the medical field. The prevalence of cancer has increased and has been considered the major cause of death worldwide. Thus, there has been a great demand for new methodologies for diagnosing and monitoring cancer in cells to provide an earlier prognosis of the disease and contribute to the effectiveness of treatment. Several molecules in the human body can be considered relevant as cancer markers. Studies published over recent years have revealed that micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) play a crucial role in this pathology, since they are responsible for some physiological processes of the cell cycle and, most important, they are overexpressed in cancer cells. Thus, the analytical sensing of miRNA has gained importance to provide monitoring during cancer treatment, allowing the evaluation of the disease's evolution. Recent methodologies based on nanochemistry use fluorescent quantum dots for sensing of the miRNA. Combining the unique characteristics of QDs, namely, their fluorescence capacity, and the fact that miRNA presents an aberrant expression in cancer cells, the researchers created diverse strategies for miRNA monitoring. This review aims to present an overview of the recent use of QDs as biosensors in miRNA detection, also highlighting some tutorial descriptions of the synthesis methods of QDs, possible surface modification, and functionalization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina
S. M. Martins
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal,LAQV,
REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alec P. LaGrow
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - João A. V. Prior
- LAQV,
REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,
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Application of Zinc Oxide nanoflowers in Environmental and Biomedical Science. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100051. [PMID: 37082596 PMCID: PMC10074957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures can be synthesized in nanoforms of spheres, rods, flowers, disks, walls, etc., among which nanoflowers have gained special attention due to their versatile biomedical and pollutant remedial applications in waste water and air. ZnO nanoflowers have an ultrasmall size with a huge surface area to volume ratio due to their hexagonal petal structures which render them superior compared to the nanoparticles of other shapes. The ZnO nanoflowers have bandgap energy equivalent to a semiconductor that makes them have unique photophysical properties. We have used the appropriate keywords in Google Scholar and PubMed to obtain the recent publications related to our topic. We have selected the relevant papers and utilized them to write this review. The different methods of synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers are chemical vapor deposition, facile hydrothermal, thermal evaporation, chemical reduction, bio route of synthesis, and solvothermal method, etc. which are mentioned in this review. ZnO nanoparticles are used in paints, cosmetics, and other products due to their high photocatalytic activity. The different applications of ZnO nanoflowers in the diagnosis of disease biomarkers, biosensors, catalysts, and the therapeutic process along with wastewater remediation and gas sensing applications will be discussed in this review.
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A Methodical Review on the Applications and Potentialities of Using Nanobiosensors for Disease Diagnosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1682502. [PMID: 35103234 PMCID: PMC8799955 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1682502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Presently, with the introduction of nanotechnology, the evolutions and applications of biosensors and/or nanobiosensors are becoming prevalent in various scientific domains such as environmental and agricultural sciences as well as biomedical, clinical, and healthcare sciences. Trends in these aspects have led to the discovery of various biosensors/nanobiosensors with their tremendous benefits to mankind. The characteristics of the various biosensors/nanobiosensors are primarily based on the nature of nanomaterials/nanoparticles employed in the sensing mechanisms. In the last few years, the identification, as well as the detection of biological markers linked with any form of diseases (communicable or noncommunicable), has been accomplished by several sensing procedures using nanotechnology vis-à-vis biosensors/nanobiosensors. Hence, this study employs a systematic approach in reviewing some contemporary developed exceedingly sensitive nanobiosensors alongside their biomedical, clinical, or/and healthcare applications as well as their potentialities, specifically for the detection of some deadly diseases drawn from some of the recent publications. Ways forward in the form of future trends that will advance creative innovations of the potentialities of nanobiosensors for biomedical, clinical, or/and healthcare applications particularly for disease diagnosis are also highlighted.
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