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Ehtezazi T, Kteich A, Abdulkarim R, Anderson V, Algellay M, McCloskey AP, Carter N, Roberts M, Assi S, Al-Jumeily D, Thompson M, Mohamed FA, Sarker SD. Reducing Temperature of Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing for Linalool Fast Dissolving Oral Films by Increasing Printer Nozzle Diameter. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2374-2382. [PMID: 38621439 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Oral thrush and throat infections can occur in a wide range of patients. Treatments are available; however, resistance to drugs is a major problem for treating oral and throat infections. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) of fast dissolving oral films (FDFs) of linalool oil may provide an alternative solution. Linalool oil FDFs were printed by fused deposition modelling across 1-18 % w/w linalool content range with nozzle diameters of 0.4 or 1 mm at the temperature range of 150 °C-185 °C. The FDFs were evaluated for physicochemical and mechanical properties. Increasing the printer nozzle diameter to 1 mm allowed reducing the printing temperature from 185 °C to 150 °C; consequently, more linalool was quantified in the films with improved content uniformity. The higher linalool content in the films increased the film disintegration time and mechanical strength. FDFs containing 10% w/w linalool showed clear antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Raman spectroscopy suggested linalool separation from excipients at higher temperature printing. Viscoelastic measurements indicated that to achieve printing; the elastic modulus of molten filament needed to be higher than the loss modulus at low angular frequencies. In conclusion, increasing the printing nozzle diameter may avoid loss of the active ingredient by reducing the temperature of the 3DP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- Centre for Natural Product Discovery, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Asmaa Kteich
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Abdulkarim
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Marwan Algellay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Alice P McCloskey
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Neve Carter
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sulaf Assi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiya Al-Jumeily
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Thompson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Fazreelia Abu Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Product Discovery, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
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Ruchika, Khan N, Dogra SS, Saneja A. The dawning era of oral thin films for nutraceutical delivery: From laboratory to clinic. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108362. [PMID: 38615985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral thin films (OTFs) are innovative dosage forms that have gained tremendous attention for the delivery of nutraceuticals. They are ultra-thin, flexible sheets that can be easily placed on the tongue, sublingual or buccal mucosa (inner lining of the cheek). These thin films possess several advantages for nutraceutical delivery including ease of administration, rapid disintegration, fast absorption, rapid onset of action, bypass first-pass hepatic metabolism, accurate dosing, enhanced stability, portability, discreetness, dose flexibility and most importantly consumer acceptance. This review highlights the utilization OTFs for nutraceutical delivery, their composition, criteria for excipient selection, methods of development and quality-based design (QbD) approach to achieve quality product. We have also provided recent case studies representing OTFs as promising platform in delivery of nutraceuticals (plant extracts, bioactive molecules, vitamins, minerals and protein/peptides) and probiotics. Finally, we provided advancement in technologies, recent patents, market analysis, challenges and future perspectives associated with this unique dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nabab Khan
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shagun Sanjivv Dogra
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Orodispersible Films-Current State of the Art, Limitations, Advances and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020361. [PMID: 36839683 PMCID: PMC9965071 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible Films (ODFs) are drug delivery systems manufactured with a wide range of methods on a big scale or for customized medicines and small-scale pharmacy. Both ODFs and their fabrication methods have certain limitations. Many pharmaceutical companies and academic research centers across the world cooperate in order to cope with these issues and also to find new formulations for a wide array of APIs what could make their work profitable for them and beneficial for patients as well. The number of pending patent applications and granted patents with their innovative approaches makes the progress in the manufacturing of ODFs unquestionable. The number of commercially available ODFs is still growing. However, some of them were discontinued and are no longer available on the markets. This review aims to summarize currently marketed ODFs and those withdrawn from sale and also provides an insight into recently published studies concerning orodispersible films, emphasizing of utilized APIs. The work also highlights the attempts of scientific communities to overcome ODF's manufacturing methods limitations.
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Algellay M, Roberts M, Bosworth L, Sarker SD, Fatokun AA, Ehtezazi T. The Use of Micro-Ribbons and Micro-Fibres in the Formulation of 3D Printed Fast Dissolving Oral Films. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010079. [PMID: 36678576 PMCID: PMC9862838 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) allows production of novel fast dissolving oral films (FDFs). However, mechanical properties of the films may not be desirable when certain excipients are used. This work investigated whether adding chitosan micro-ribbons or cellulose microfibres will achieve desired FDFs by fused deposition modelling 3DP. Filaments containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and paracetamol as model drug were manufactured at 170 °C. At 130 °C, filaments containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and paracetamol were also created. FDFs were printed with plain or mesh patterns at temperatures of 200 °C (PVA) or 180 °C (PVP). Both chitosan micro-ribbons and cellulose micro-fibres improved filament mechanical properties at 1% w/w concentration in terms of flexibility and stiffness. The filaments were not suitable for printing at higher concentrations of chitosan micro-ribbons and cellulose micro-fibres. Furthermore, mesh FDFs containing only 1% chitosan micro-ribbons disintegrated in distilled water within 40.33 ± 4.64 s, while mesh FDFs containing only 7% croscarmellose disintegrated in 55.33 ± 2.86 s, and croscarmellose containing films showed signs of excipient scorching for PVA polymer. Cellulose micro-fibres delayed disintegration of PVA mesh films to 108.66 ± 3.68 s at 1% w/w. In conclusion, only chitosan micro-ribbons created a network of hydrophilic channels within the films, which allowed faster disintegration time at considerably lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Algellay
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Matthew Roberts
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Lucy Bosworth
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Amos A. Fatokun
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Touraj Ehtezazi
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Correspondence:
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Yu JY, Kim HW, Park HJ. Customized oral mucosal adhesive film-based functional-substance delivery system using embedded 3D printing method. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang W, Xiao C, Xiao Y, Tian B, Gao D, Fan W, Li G, He S, Zhai G. An overview of in vitro dissolution testing for film dosage forms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sinha S, Thapa S, Singh S, Dutt R, Verma R, Pandey P, Mittal V, Rahman MH, Kaushik D. Development of biocompatible nanoparticles of tizanidine hydrochloride in orodispersible films: In vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and cytotoxic study on carcinoma cells. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1061-1072. [PMID: 35319369 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220321111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main limitations of the therapeutic effectiveness of tizanidine hydrochloride (TNZ) are its low bioavailability due to its tendency to undergo first-pass metabolism and short biological half-life. These factors make it an ideal candidate for formulating orally disintegrating films. METHODS The fast-dissolving film of TNZ HCl was prepared by the solvent-casting method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and XRD, and evaluated for critical quality attributes for this type of dosage forms such as disintegration time, tensile strength, drug content, dissolution, and ex-vivo permeability. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were also conducted on cancer cell lines to confirm cytotoxic effect. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to prepare nanoparticles of tizanidine hydrochloride using biodegradable polymers and loading them on orodispersible films to obtain a sustained release dissolution profile with improved permeability and further study the cytotoxicity on A549 lung carcinoma cells, MCF7 breast cancer cells and HOP 92 non-small lung adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS The polymeric matrix containing the drug provided a rapid disintegration time varying between 7±2 and 30±2 seconds, adequate tensile strength between 1.4 and 11.25 N/mm2, and improved permeability through porcine buccal mucosa when compared to the reference product. CONCLUSION A study of cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells and A549 lung carcinoma cells revealed that tizanidine hydrochloride nanoparticles at 2.3 mg/film exhibited an IC50 value of 65.1 % cytotoxicity on MCF-7, approximately 100% on HOP92, and 83.5 % on A549 lung carcinoma cells, thus paving the way for a new paradigm of research for cytotoxic study on MCF-7, HOP92 and A549 cell lines using the subject drug model prepared as oral films or biodegradable nanoparticles in oral films for site-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhani Sinha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Sonia Thapa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Parijat Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram - 122413, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), Haryana, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), Haryana, India
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Saharan VA. Progresses and Challenges of Fast Dissolving/Disintegrating Dosage Forms in Manufacturing, Formulation Screening, Preclinical Testing and Drug Delivery. RECENT PATENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY & FORMULATION 2020; 14:3-4. [PMID: 33054701 DOI: 10.2174/187221131401200609144457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Anand Saharan
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
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