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Santos ALED, Souza ROS, Barbosa FEV, Santos MHCD, Grangeiro YA, Martins AMC, Santos-Gomes G, Fonseca IPD, Silva CGLD, Teixeira CS. Concanavalin A, lectin from Canavalia ensiformis seeds has Leishmania infantum antipromastigote activity mediated by carbohydrate recognition domain. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111156. [PMID: 39029856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniases, caused by Leishmania parasites, are widespread and pose significant health risks globally. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is particularly prevalent in Brazil, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional treatments, such as pentavalent antimonials, have limitations due to toxicity and resistance. Therefore, exploring new compounds like lectins is crucial. Concanavalin A (ConA) has shown promise in inhibiting Leishmania growth. This study aimed to evaluate its leishmanicidal effect on L. infantum promastigotes and understand its mechanism of action. In vitro tests demonstrated inhibition of promastigote growth when treated with ConA, with IC50 values ranging from 3 to 5 μM over 24-72 h. This study suggests that ConA interacts with L. infantum glycans. Additionally, ConA caused damage to the membrane integrity of parasites and induced ROS production, contributing to parasite death. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed morphological alterations in treated promastigotes. ConA combined with the amphotericin B (AmB) showed synergistic effects, reducing the required dose of AmB, and potentially mitigating its toxicity. ConA demonstrated no cytotoxic effects on macrophages, instead stimulating their proliferation. These findings reinforce that lectin exhibits promising leishmanicidal activity against L. infantum promastigotes, making ConA a potential candidate for leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Santos-Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | | | - Claudener Souza Teixeira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Barbalha, CE, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
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Elawad MA, Elkhalifa MEM, Hamdoon AAE, Salim LHM, Ahmad Z, Ayaz M. Natural products derived steroids as potential anti-leishmanial agents; disease prevalence, underlying mechanisms and future perspectives. Steroids 2023; 193:109196. [PMID: 36764565 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infection caused by protozoan parasites from the genus leishmania and is among the most neglected tropical diseases. It is highly prevalent disease, affecting about 350 million population worldwide. Only limited number of anti-leishmanial agents are approved for clinical use till now and they are associated with side effects and have limited efficacy. Subsequently, natural products based discovery of more safe and effective drugs against leishmania is under scientific consideration. Various studies reported the efficacy of natural products against intracellular and extracellular forms of leishmania species. This work is aimed to evaluate current literature focused on the anti-leihmanial efficacy of steroidal moieties from natural products and their mechanism of action. Compounds including steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids and phytosterols were found to exhibit considerable anti-leishmanial efficacy. For instance, steroidal saponin, (25R)-spirost-5-en-3b-ol,3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[a-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-glucopyranoside isolated from A. paradoxum has completely eradicated Leishmania major promastigotes at 50 µg mL-1 dose. Spirostanic saponins isolated from Solanum paniculatum L. were effective against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. Turgidosterones isolated from Panicum turgidum exhibited high leishmanicidal potentials against Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC50 of 4.95-8.03 µg mL-1 and even better activity against amastigotes exhibiting an IC50 of 4.50-9.29 µg mL-1. Likewise, racemoside-A from Asparagus racemosus was found effective against an antimonial sensitive (AG83) and antimonial resistant (GE1F8R) strains of the L. donovani. Moreover, steroidal alkaloids including hookerianamide-1, hookerianamide-H, hookerianamide-J, hookerianamide-K, dehydrosarsalignone, vagenine-A, sarcovagine-C, holaphylline, saracodine, holamine, 15-α hydroxyholamine, holacurtin, N-desmethyl holacurtine and elasticine has exhibited time and dose-dependent efficacy against various strains of leishmania. β-sitosterol was found active against multiple strains of leishmania. These compounds mainly exhibit their therapeutic efficacy via liberation of ROS, mitochondrial depolarization, morphological and ultra-structural changes, accumulation of lipid droplets, depletion of non-protein thiols and triggering apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, leishmaniasis is a major health problem in many countries. Plants-derived steroids moieties have reveled efficacy against leishmaniasis and is a source of lead compounds. Further detailed molecular studies are warranted for the discovery of more effective and safe anti-leishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ahmed Elawad
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan.
| | - Modawy Elnour Modawy Elkhalifa
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan.
| | - Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan.
| | - Liga Hasan Mohammed Salim
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan.
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Facutly of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Facutly of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan.
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Dimmer JA, Cabral FV, Núñez Montoya SC, Ribeiro MS. Towards effective natural anthraquinones to mediate antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103525. [PMID: 36966867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important tropical neglected disease with broad geographical dispersion. The lack of effective drugs has raised an urgent need to improve CL treatment, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been investigated as a new strategy to face it with positive outcomes. Natural compounds have emerged as promising photosensitizers (PSs), but their use in vivo remains unexplored. PURPOSE In this work, we investigated the potential of three natural anthraquinones (AQs) on CL induced by Leishmania amazonensis in BALB/c mice. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS ANIMALS WERE INFECTED AND RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS: CG (control, non-treated group), G5ClSor-gL (treated with 5-chlorosoranjidiol and green LED, 520±10 nm), GSor-bL and GBisor-bL (treated with soranjidiol and bisoranjidiol, respectively, exposed to violet-blue LED, 410±10 nm). All AQs were assayed at 10 μM and LEDs delivered a radiant exposure of 45 J/cm2 with an irradiance of 50 mW/cm2. We assessed the parasite burden in real time for three consecutive days. Lesion evolution and pain score were assessed over 3 weeks after a single APDT session. RESULTS G5ClSor-gL was able to sustain low levels of parasite burden over time. Besides, GSor-bL showed a smaller lesion area than the control group, inhibiting the disease progression. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data demonstrate that monoAQs are promising compounds for pursuing the best protocol for treating CL and helping to face this serious health problem. Studies involving host-pathogen interaction as well as monoAQ-mediated PDT immune response are also encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica A Dimmer
- Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Fac. Cs. Químicas. Dpto. Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Edificio de Ciencias 2, Medina Allende y Haya de La Torre, Ciudad Universitaria. CP, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666 CP, X5016GCN Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Fernanda V Cabral
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, C. Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira", CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Susana C Núñez Montoya
- Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Fac. Cs. Químicas. Dpto. Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Edificio de Ciencias 2, Medina Allende y Haya de La Torre, Ciudad Universitaria. CP, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666 CP, X5016GCN Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martha S Ribeiro
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, C. Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira", CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Feng M, Jin Y, Yang S, Joachim AM, Ning Y, Mori-Quiroz LM, Fromm J, Perera C, Zhang K, Werbovetz KA, Wang MZ. Sterol profiling of Leishmania parasites using a new HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry-based method and antifungal azoles as chemical probes reveals a key intermediate sterol that supports a branched ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 20:27-42. [PMID: 35994895 PMCID: PMC9418051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites. Current chemotherapeutic options against the deadly disease have significant limitations. The ergosterol biosynthetic pathway has been identified as a drug target in Leishmania. However, remarkable differences in the efficacy of antifungal azoles that inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis have been reported for the treatment of leishmaniasis. To better understand the sterol biosynthetic pathway in Leishmania and elucidate the mechanism underlying the differential efficacy of antifungal azoles, we developed a new LC-MS/MS method to study sterol profiles in promastigotes of three Leishmania species, including two L. donovani, one L. major and one L. tarentolae strains. A combination of distinct precursor ion masses and LC retention times allowed for specific detection of sixteen intermediate sterols between lanosterol and ergosterol using the newly developed LC-MS/MS method. Although both posaconazole and fluconazole are known inhibitors of fungal lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), only posaconazole led to a substantial accumulation of lanosterol in azole-treated L. donovani promastigotes. Furthermore, a key intermediate sterol accumulated by 40- and 7-fold when these parasites were treated with posaconazole and fluconazole, respectively, which was determined as 4α,14α-dimethylzymosterol by high resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The identification of 4α,14α-dimethylzymosterol supports a branched ergosterol biosynthetic pathway in Leishmania, where lanosterol C4- and C14-demethylation reactions occur in parallel rather than sequentially. Our results suggest that selective inhibition of leishmanial CYP51 is insufficient to effectively prevent parasite growth and dual inhibitors of both CYP51 and the unknown sterol C4-demethylase may be required for optimal antiparasitic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Yiru Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sihyung Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Arline M Joachim
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yu Ning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Luis M Mori-Quiroz
- Synthetic Chemical Biology Core Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jacob Fromm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Chamani Perera
- Synthetic Chemical Biology Core Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Karl A Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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Osman MS, Awad TA, Shantier SW, Garelnabi EAE, Mukhtar MM, Osman W, Mothana RA, Elhag RI. Insights into the molecular basis of some chalcone analogues as potential inhibitors of Leishmania donovani: An integrated in silico and in vitro study. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Protozoal infections caused by species belonging to Leishmania donovani complex are responsible for the most severe form of leishmaniasis, especially in Sudan and other developing countries. Drugs commonly used for the treatment of the disease show varying levels of effectiveness and also have associated side effects. Thus, the present work highlights the synthesis of some chalcones to be used as potential anti-leishmanial agents. The activity of the synthesized chalcones has been evaluated against L. donovani. The ADMET profile of the synthesized compounds were tested using various integrated web-based tools. Moreover, in order to investigate the molecular mechanism of action, the chalcone compounds were docked into L. donovani trypanothione reductase (TR) using Autodock 4.0 and molecular dynamics were studies. Eight compounds showed the highest activity against the morphological forms. Among these compounds, chalcones 15 has shown the highest inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 1.1 µM. In addition, pharmacokinetic and toxicological investigations revealed its good oral bioavailability and low toxicity. Furthermore, chalcone 15 was found to interact with high affinity (−13.7 kcal/mol) with TR, an essential enzyme for the leishmanial parasite. Thus, this promising activity against L. donovani supports the use of chalcone 15 as a potential new therapy for visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum , P.O. Box 1996 , Khartoum , Sudan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Karary University , P.O. Box 11111 , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Talal A. Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Ibn Sina University , P.O. Box 11111 , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Shaza W. Shantier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum , P.O. Box 1996 , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Elrashied A. E. Garelnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum , P.O. Box 1996 , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Moawia M. Mukhtar
- Department of Molecular biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum , P.O. Box 11111 , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Wadah Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum , P.O. Box 1996 , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid I. Elhag
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Florid A&M University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
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Synthesis of Tellurium Oxide (TeO 2) Nanorods and Nanoflakes and Evaluation of Its Efficacy Against Leishmania major In Vitro and In Vivo. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:143-152. [PMID: 34173967 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Today, the use of natural products and nanostructures has increased. Given the reports on beneficial effects of various organotellurane compounds on types of visceral leishmaniasis, we decided to investigate the effect of TeO2 NPs on Leishmania major (L. major). Tellurium can cause cell apoptosis in cancer cells without activating the caspase-pathway. METHODS TeO2 NPs at first synthesized and the structure was checked by XRD, SEM and EDS tests. The cytotoxic effect of TeO2 NPs against L. major promastigotes, amastigotes and macrophages was assessed by MTT test or counting. The possible apoptosis of L. major by TeO2 NPs was evaluated by flow cytometry test. For in vivo assay, the lesions of infected BALB/c mice with L. major promastigotes were treated with TeO2 NPs, then the lesion size and survival rate were evaluated. RESULTS The synthesis of TeO2 with tetragonal structure was confirmed by XRD. The combination of nanorods and nanoflakes and the presence of Te were proven by SEM and EDS, respectively. According the effects of nanoparticle on promastigotes and amastigotes, the IC50 values of TeO2 after 72 h of incubation were 15.13 and 52.22 µg/ml, respectively. TeO2 NPs induced apoptosis in about 41% of promastigotes. The ulcer greatly healed and survival rate was higher in treated mice compared to those in control group. CONCLUSION Based on the data, favorable anti-leishmanial properties were observed by using TeO2 NPs. TeO2 NPs have cytotoxic impacts on L. major promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro and in vivo and may be regarded as a therapy option.
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Osman MS, Awad TA, Shantier SW, Garelnabi EA, Osman W, Mothana RA, Nasr FA, Elhag RI. Identification of Some Chalcone Analogues as Potential Antileishmanial Agents: an integrated in vitro and in silico evaluation. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Singh P, Samanta K, Kebe NM, Michel G, Legrand B, Sitnikova VE, Kajava AV, Pagès M, Bastien P, Pomares C, Coux O, Hernandez JF. The C-terminal segment of Leishmania major HslU: Toward potential inhibitors of LmHslVU activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105539. [PMID: 34894575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent to develop less toxic and more efficient treatments for leishmaniases and trypanosomiases. We explore the possibility to target the parasite mitochondrial HslVU protease, which is essential for growth and has no analogue in the human host. For this, we develop compounds potentially inhibiting the complex assembly by mimicking the C-terminal (C-ter) segment of the ATPase HslU. We previously showed that a dodecapeptide derived from Leishmania major HslU C-ter segment (LmC12-U2, Cpd 1) was able to bind to and activate the digestion of a fluorogenic substrate by LmHslV. Here, we present the study of its structure-activity relationships. By replacing each essential residue with related non-proteinogenic residues, we obtained more potent analogues. In particular, a cyclohexylglycine residue at position 11 (cpd 24) allowed a more than three-fold gain in potency while reducing the size of compound 24 from twelve to six residues (cpd 50) without significant loss of potency, opening the way toward short HslU C-ter peptidomimetics as potential inhibitors of HslV proteolytic function. Finally, conjugates constituted of LmC6-U2 analogues and a mitochondrial penetrating peptide were found to penetrate into the promastigote form of L. infantum and to inhibit the parasite growth without showing toxicity toward human THP-1 cells at the same concentration (i.e. 30 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- IBMM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ndeye Mathy Kebe
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), UMR5237, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Grégory Michel
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Archimed Building, 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | - Vera E Sitnikova
- International Research Institute of Bioengineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey V Kajava
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), UMR5237, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Pagès
- MIVEGEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, CHU, 191 avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Bastien
- MIVEGEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, CHU, 191 avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Pomares
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Archimed Building, 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Olivier Coux
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), UMR5237, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Parreira de Aquino G, Mendes Gomes MA, Köpke Salinas R, Laranjeira-Silva MF. Lipid and fatty acid metabolism in trypanosomatids. MICROBIAL CELL 2021; 8:262-275. [PMID: 34782859 PMCID: PMC8561143 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.11.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomiases and leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases that have been spreading to previously non-affected areas in recent years. Identification of new chemotherapeutics is needed as there are no vaccines and the currently available treatment options are highly toxic and often ineffective. The causative agents for these diseases are the protozoan parasites of the Trypanosomatidae family, and they alternate between invertebrate and vertebrate hosts during their life cycles. Hence, these parasites must be able to adapt to different environments and compete with their hosts for several essential compounds, such as amino acids, vitamins, ions, carbohydrates, and lipids. Among these nutrients, lipids and fatty acids (FAs) are essential for parasite survival. Trypanosomatids require massive amounts of FAs, and they can either synthesize FAs de novo or scavenge them from the host. Moreover, FAs are the major energy source during specific life cycle stages of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania. Therefore, considering the distinctive features of FAs metabolism in trypanosomatids, these pathways could be exploited for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs. In this review, we highlight specific aspects of lipid and FA metabolism in the protozoan parasites T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania spp., as well as the pathways that have been explored for the development of new chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Köpke Salinas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gupta O, Pradhan T, Bhatia R, Monga V. Recent advancements in anti-leishmanial research: Synthetic strategies and structural activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113606. [PMID: 34171661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic neglected tropical disease caused by various species of Leishmania parasite. Despite tremendous advancements in the therapeutic sector and drug development strategies, still the existing anti-leishmanial agents are associated with some clinical issues like drug resistance, toxicity and selectivity. Therefore, several research groups are continuously working towards the development of new therapeutic candidates to overcome these issues. Many potential heterocyclic moieties have been explored for this purpose including triazoles, chalcones, chromone, thiazoles, thiosemicarbazones, indole, quinolines, etc. It is evident from the literature that the majority of anti-leishmanial agents act by interacting with key regulators including PTR-I, DHFR, LdMetAP1, MAPK, 14 α-demethylase and pteridine reductase-I, etc. Also, these tend to induce the production of ROS which causes damage to parasites. In the present compilation, authors have summarized various significant synthetic procedures for anti-leishmanial agents reported in recent years. A brief description of the pharmacological potentials of synthesized compounds along with important aspects related to structural activity relationship has been provided. Important docking outcomes highlighting the possible mode of interaction for the reported compounds have also been included. This review would be helpful to the scientific community to design newer strategies and also to develop novel therapeutic candidates against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojasvi Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Tathagata Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Cruz KP, Patricio BFC, Pires VC, Amorim MF, Pinho AGSF, Quadros HC, Dantas DAS, Chaves MHC, Formiga FR, Rocha HVA, Veras PST. Development and Characterization of PLGA Nanoparticles Containing 17-DMAG, an Hsp90 Inhibitor. Front Chem 2021; 9:644827. [PMID: 34055735 PMCID: PMC8161503 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.644827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a spectrum of neglected tropical diseases and its cutaneous form (CL) is characterized by papillary or ulcerated skin lesions that negatively impact patients' quality of life. Current CL treatments suffer limitations, such as severe side effects and high cost, making the search for new therapeutic alternatives an imperative. In this context, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) could present a novel therapeutic target, as evidence suggests that Hsp90 inhibitors, such as 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), may represent promising chemotherapeutic agents against CL. As innovative input for formulation development of 17-DMAG, nano-based drug delivery systems could provide controlled release, targeting properties, and reduced drug toxicity. In this work, a double emulsion method was used to develop poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing 17-DMAG. The nanoparticle was developed using two distinct protocols: Protocol 1 (P1) and Protocol 2 (P2), which differed concerning the organic solvent (acetone or dichloromethane, respectively) and procedure used to form double-emulsions (Ultra-Turrax® homogenization or sonication, respectively). The nanoparticles produced by P2 were comparatively smaller (305.5 vs. 489.0 nm) and more homogeneous polydispersion index (PdI) (0.129 vs. 0.33) than the ones made by P1. Afterward, the P2 was optimized and the best composition consisted of 2 mg of 17-DMAG, 100 mg of PLGA, 5% of polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000), 1.5 mL of the internal aqueous phase, 1% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and 4 mL of the organic phase. Optimized P2 nanoparticles had a particle size of 297.2 nm (288.6-304.1) and encapsulation efficacy of 19.35% (15.42-42.18) by the supernatant method and 31.60% (19.9-48.79) by the filter/column method. Release kinetics performed at 37°C indicated that ~16% of the encapsulated 17-DMAG was released about to 72 h. In a separate set of experiments, a cell uptake assay employing confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed the internalization by macrophages of P2-optimized rhodamine B labeled nanoparticles at 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Collectively, our results indicate the superior performance of P2 concerning the parameters used to assess nanoparticle development. Therefore, these findings warrant further research to evaluate optimized 17-DMAG-loaded nanoparticles (NP2-17-DMAG) for toxicity and antileishmanial effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kercia P. Cruz
- Laboratory of Parasite-Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Beatriz F. C. Patricio
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology, Institute of Technology of Drugs (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C. Pires
- Laboratory of Parasite-Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marina F. Amorim
- Laboratory of Parasite-Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alan G. S. F. Pinho
- Laboratory of Parasite-Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Helenita C. Quadros
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Diana A. S. Dantas
- Laboratory of Parasite-Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. C. Chaves
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology, Institute of Technology of Drugs (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio R. Formiga
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Helvécio V. A. Rocha
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology, Institute of Technology of Drugs (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S. T. Veras
- Laboratory of Parasite-Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT), National Council for Scientific Research and Development (CNPq), Salvador, Brazil
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12
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Immunotherapy in treatment of leishmaniasis. Immunol Lett 2021; 233:80-86. [PMID: 33771555 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis caused by various species of protozoan transmitted by sand fly vectors occurs as a spectrum of clinical features including cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms. It is a geographically distributed parasitic disease and a major public health problem in the world. The clinical syndromes are highly variable depending on the parasite species, host genetics, vectors and environment. To date, there is no effective vaccine and traditional treatments are toxic, expensive with long administration duration and many adverse side effects and/or drug resistance. Instead of treatments based on chemotherapy, certain strategies aim to recover leishmaniasis and reduce the parasitic burden. Immunotherapy has focused on the induction of effective immune response to rapidly control the disease. Recent studies have indicated that a single dose of a suitable therapeutic vaccine induces a quick and lasting recovery in patients. Immunotherapy reduces the toxicity of drug and the emergence of resistance dramatically. It could be an effective addition to chemotherapy with a safe and potent drug compared with monotherapy, resulting in a prophylactic and therapeutic cure of leishmaniasis. This review has focused on treatment of leishmaniasis with particular emphasis on immunotherapy as an alternative to conventional drug treatment.
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13
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Voak AA, Harris A, Coteron-Lopez JM, Angulo-Barturen I, Ferrer-Bazaga S, Croft SL, Seifert K. Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic relationships of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009013. [PMID: 33651812 PMCID: PMC7924795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a continued need to develop effective and safe treatments for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Preclinical studies on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-infective agents, such as anti-bacterials and anti-fungals, have provided valuable information in the development and dosing of these agents. The aim of this study was to characterise the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the anti-leishmanial drugs AmBisome and miltefosine in a preclinical disease model of VL. METHODOLOGY / PRINCIPAL FINDINGS BALB/c mice were infected with L. donovani (MHOM/ET/67/HU3) amastigotes. Groups of mice were treated with miltefosine (orally, multi-dose regimen) or AmBisome (intravenously, single dose regimen) or left untreated as control groups. At set time points groups of mice were killed and plasma, livers and spleens harvested. For pharmacodynamics the hepatic parasite burden was determined microscopically from tissue impression smears. For pharmacokinetics drug concentrations were measured in plasma and whole tissue homogenates by LC-MS. Unbound drug concentrations were determined by rapid equilibrium dialysis. Doses exerting maximum anti-leishmanial effects were 40 mg/kg for AmBisome and 150 mg/kg (cumulatively) for miltefosine. AmBisome displayed a wider therapeutic range than miltefosine. Dose fractionation at a total dose of 2.5 mg/kg pointed towards concentration-dependent anti-leishmanial activity of AmBisome, favouring the administration of large doses infrequently. Protein binding was >99% for miltefosine and amphotericin B in plasma and tissue homogenates. CONCLUSION / SIGNIFICANCE Using a PK/PD approach we propose optimal dosing strategies for AmBisome. Additionally, we describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of miltefosine and compare our findings in a preclinical disease model to available knowledge from studies in humans. This approach also presents a strategy for improved use of animal models in the drug development process for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Voak
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon L. Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Seifert
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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14
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Silva A, Costa A, Jain S, Coelho E, Fujiwara R, Scher R, Nunes R, Dolabella S. Application of Poloxamers for the Development of Drug Delivery System to Treat Leishmaniasis: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:296-309. [PMID: 33155921 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201106145022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting more than 1.5 million people annually, with an annual mortality of over 20.000. The drugs used for its treatment are toxic, expensive, require extended treatment times and present variable efficacy. The disease severity and therapy limitations suggest the need for new antileishmanial agents. In this context, in order to identify new options for treatment, a number of studies based on nanotechnological strategies have been carried out. Poloxamers are triblock copolymers very often utilized for nanotherapeutic solutions, resulting in products with better solubility, higher stability, superior therapeutic efficacy and less toxicity. This review will discuss the physicochemical properties of the copolymers, as well as describe the use of poloxamers for the development of therapeutic formulations to treat leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Silva
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Amanda Costa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sona Jain
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Scher
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Nunes
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Silvio Dolabella
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
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15
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Ortalli M, Varani S, Cimato G, Veronesi R, Quintavalla A, Lombardo M, Monari M, Trombini C. Evaluation of the Pharmacophoric Role of the O-O Bond in Synthetic Antileishmanial Compounds: Comparison between 1,2-Dioxanes and Tetrahydropyrans. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13140-13158. [PMID: 33091297 PMCID: PMC8018184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected diseases that can be treated with a limited drug arsenal; the development of new molecules is therefore a priority. Recent evidence indicates that endoperoxides, including artemisinin and its derivatives, possess antileishmanial activity. Here, 1,2-dioxanes were synthesized with their corresponding tetrahydropyrans lacking the peroxide bridge, to ascertain if this group is a key pharmacophoric requirement for the antileishmanial bioactivity. Newly synthesized compounds were examined in vitro, and their mechanism of action was preliminarily investigated. Three endoperoxides and their corresponding tetrahydropyrans effectively inhibited the growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes, and iron did not play a significant role in their activation. Further, reactive oxygen species were produced in both endoperoxide- and tetrahydropyran-treated promastigotes. In conclusion, the peroxide group proved not to be crucial for the antileishmanial bioactivity of endoperoxides, under the tested conditions. Our findings reveal the potential of both 1,2-dioxanes and tetrahydropyrans as lead compounds for novel therapies against Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ortalli
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Reference
Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola-Malpighi
University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna,
Italy
| | - Stefania Varani
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Reference
Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola-Malpighi
University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna,
Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty
Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via
Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cimato
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Reference
Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola-Malpighi
University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna,
Italy
| | - Ruben Veronesi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Quintavalla
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria
(CIRM) - Italian Malaria Network (IMN), University of Milan,
20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria
(CIRM) - Italian Malaria Network (IMN), University of Milan,
20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Trombini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria
(CIRM) - Italian Malaria Network (IMN), University of Milan,
20100 Milan, Italy
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16
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Geroldinger G, Tonner M, Quirgst J, Walter M, De Sarkar S, Machín L, Monzote L, Stolze K, Catharina Duvigneau J, Staniek K, Chatterjee M, Gille L. Activation of artemisinin and heme degradation in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes: A possible link. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113737. [PMID: 31786259 PMCID: PMC7116464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoperoxides (EPs) appear to be promising drug candidates against protozoal diseases, including malaria and leishmaniasis. Previous studies have shown that these drugs need an intracellular activation to exert their pharmacological potential. The efficiency of these drugs is linked to the extensive iron demand of these intracellular protozoal parasites. An essential step of the activation mechanism of these drugs is the formation of radicals in Leishmania. Iron is a known trigger for intracellular radical formation. However, the activation of EPs by low molecular iron or by heme iron may strongly depend on the structure of the EPs themselves. In this study, we focused on the activation of artemisinin (Art) in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) in comparison to reference compounds. Viability assays in different media in the presence of different iron sources (hemin/fetal calf serum) showed that IC50 values of Art in LtP were modulated by assay conditions, but overall were within the low micromolar range. Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of LtP showed that Art shifted the redox state of the labile iron pool less than the EP ascaridole questioning its role as a major activator of Art in LtP. Based on the high reactivity of Art with hemin in previous biomimetic experiments, we focused on putative heme-metabolizing enzymes in Leishmania, which were so far not well described. Inhibitors of mammalian heme oxygenase (HO; tin and chromium mesoporphyrin) acted antagonistically to Art in LtP and boosted its IC50 value for several magnitudes. By inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP-OES, ICP-MS) we showed that these inhibitors do not block iron (heme) accumulation, but are taken up and act within LtP. These inhibitors blocked the conversion of hemin to bilirubin in LtP homogenates, suggesting that an HO-like enzyme activity in LtP exists. NADPH-dependent degradation of Art and hemin was highest in the small granule and microsomal fractions of LtP. Photometric measurements in the model Art/hemin demonstrated that hemin requires reduction to heme and that subsequently an Art/heme complex (λmax 474 nm) is formed. EPR spin-trapping in the system Art/hemin revealed that NADPH, ascorbate and cysteine are suitable reductants and finally activate Art to acyl-carbon centered radicals. These findings suggest that heme is a major activator of Art in LtP either via HO-like enzyme activities and/or chemical interaction of heme with Art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Geroldinger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Tonner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Quirgst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sritama De Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Laura Machín
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
| | - Klaus Stolze
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Staniek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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de Lima JPS, Pinheiro MLB, Allaman IB, Silva-Jardim I. In vivo antileishmanial activity of Annona mucosa extracts. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190139. [PMID: 31994657 PMCID: PMC7083374 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0139-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by a parasite endemic to large areas of tropical and subtropical countries, is a growing public health problem. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania amazonensis and treated with extracts isolated from Annona mucosa. RESULTS Treated groups had significantly reduced footpad swelling. The group treated intraperitoneally with hexane extract showed footpad swelling similar to groups treated with Pentamidine® and Glucantime®. Groups treated with dichloromethane extract and hexane extract presented the recovering phenotype associated with reduced parasite levels. CONCLUSIONS Extracts of A. mucosa are promising sources of novel antileishmanial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Bezerra Allaman
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências
Exatas e Tecnológicas, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - Izaltina Silva-Jardim
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
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18
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Mendes EP, Goulart CM, Chaves OA, Faiões VDS, Canto-Carvalho MM, Machado GC, Torres-Santos EC, Echevarria A. Evaluation of Novel Chalcone-Thiosemicarbazones Derivatives as Potential Anti- Leishmania amazonensis Agents and Its HSA Binding Studies. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110643. [PMID: 31652866 PMCID: PMC6920794 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of seven chalcone-thiosemicarbazones (5a-5g) were synthesized and evaluated as potential new drugs (anti-leishmanial effect). Although four of the chalcone-thiosemicarbazones are already known, none of them or any compound in this class has been previously investigated for their effects on parasites of the Leishmania genus. The compounds were prepared in satisfactory yields (40-75%) and these compounds were evaluated against promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis after 48 h of culture. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the intracellular amastigotes were determined to be in the range of 3.40 to 5.95 µM for all compounds assayed. The selectivity index showed value of 15.05 for 5a, whereas pentamidine (reference drug) was more toxic in our model (SI = 2.32). Furthermore, to understand the preliminary relationship between the anti-leishmanial activity of the chalcone-thiosemicarbazones, their electronic (σ), steric (MR) and lipophilicity (π) properties were correlated, and the results indicated that moieties with electronic withdrawing effects increase the anti-leishmanial activity. The preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation of one of the most active compound (5e) was studied via interaction to human serum albumin (HSA) using multiple spectroscopic techniques combined with molecular docking. The results of antiparasitic effects against L. amazonensis revealed the chalcone-thiosemicarbazone class to be novel prototypes for drug development against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinéia Pastro Mendes
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro 23.890-000, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Agropecuária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil.
| | - Carla Marins Goulart
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro 23.890-000, Brazil.
| | - Otávio Augusto Chaves
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro 23.890-000, Brazil.
- Instituto SENAI de Inovação em Química Verde, Maracanã-Rio de Janeiro 20271-030, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Dos S Faiões
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro-Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Marilene M Canto-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro-Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Gerzia C Machado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro-Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Caio Torres-Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro-Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Aurea Echevarria
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro 23.890-000, Brazil.
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19
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Mantoani SP, de Andrade P, Chierrito TPC, Figueredo AS, Carvalho I. Potential Triazole-based Molecules for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4403-4434. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170727103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neglected Diseases (NDs) affect million of people, especially the poorest population
around the world. Several efforts to an effective treatment have proved insufficient
at the moment. In this context, triazole derivatives have shown great relevance in
medicinal chemistry due to a wide range of biological activities. This review aims to describe
some of the most relevant and recent research focused on 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazolebased
molecules targeting four expressive NDs: Chagas disease, Malaria, Tuberculosis
and Leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susimaire Pedersoli Mantoani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Andreza Silva Figueredo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
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20
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Porcino GN, Antinarelli LMR, Maia ACRG, Faria-Pinto P, Taunay-Rodrigues A, Zech Coelho PM, Nelson DL, Penido MLO, Coimbra ES, Vasconcelos EG. The alkylaminoalkanethiosulfuric acids exhibit in-vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: a new perspective for use of these schistosomicidal agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1784-1791. [PMID: 31579947 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The alkylaminoalkanethiosulfuric acids (AAATs) are amphipathic compounds effective against experimental schistosomiasis, of low toxicity, elevated bioavailability after a single oral dose and prompt tissue absorption. OBJECTIVES To explore the in-vitro antileishmanial potential of AAATs using five compounds of this series against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. METHODS Their effects on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, and cytotoxicity to macrophages were tested by the MTT method, and on Leishmania-infected macrophages by Giemsa stain. Effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential of promastigotes and axenic amastigotes and DNA of intracellular amastigotes were tested using JC-1 and TUNEL assays, respectively. KEY FINDINGS The 2-(isopropylamino)-1-octanethiosulfuric acid (I) and 2-(sec-butylamino)-1-octanethiosulfuric acid (II) exhibit activity against both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 25-35 µm), being more toxic to intracellular parasites than to the host cell. Compound I induced a loss of viability of axenic amastigotes, significantly reduced (30%) the mitochondrial membrane potential of both promastigotes and axenic amastigotes and promoted selective DNA fragmentation of the nucleus and kinetoplast of intracellular amastigotes. CONCLUSIONS In this previously unpublished study of trypanosomatids, it is shown that AAATs could also exhibit selective antileishmanial activity, a new possibility to be investigated in oral treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriane Nascimento Porcino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Faria-Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | - David Lee Nelson
- Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal dos Vales de Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marcus Luiz Oliveira Penido
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eveline Gomes Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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21
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Dimmer J, Cabral FV, Sabino CP, Silva CR, Núñez-Montoya SC, Cabrera JL, Ribeiro MS. Natural anthraquinones as novel photosentizers for antiparasitic photodynamic inactivation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152894. [PMID: 31054439 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease caused by obligate protist parasites from the genus Leishmania. The potential toxicity as well as the increased resistance of standard treatments has encouraged the development of new therapeutical strategies. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) combines the use of a photosensitizer and light to generate reactive oxygen species and kill cells, including microorganisms. Vegetal kingdom constitutes an important source of bioactive compounds that deserve to be investigated in the search of naturally occurring drugs with leishmanicidal activity. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the antiparasitic activity of PDI (ApPDI) of five natural anthraquinones (AQs) obtained from Heterophyllaea lycioides (Rusby) Sandwith (Rubiacae). To support our results, effect of AQ mediated-PDI on parasite´s morphology and AQ uptake were studied. Cytotoxicity on fibroblasts was also evaluated. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Two monomers, soranjidiol (Sor) and 5-chlorosoranjidiol (5-ClSor) plus three bi-anthraquinones (bi-AQs), bisoranjidiol (Bisor), 7-chlorobisoranjidiol (7-ClBisor) and Lycionine (Lyc) were selected for this study. Recombinant L. amazonensis promastigote strain expressing luciferase was subjected to AQs and LED treatment. Following irradiation with variable light parameters, cell viability was quantified by bioluminescence. Alteration on parasite's morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, we verified the AQ uptake in Leishmania cells by fluorescence and their toxicity on fibroblasts by using MTT assay. RESULTS Bisor, Sor and 5-ClSor exhibited photodynamic effect on L. amazonensis. SEM showed that promastigotes treated with Bisor-mediated PDI exhibited a significant alteration in shape and size. Sor and 5-ClSor presented higher uptake levels than bi-AQs (Bisor, Lyc and 7-ClBisor). Finally, Sor and Bisor presented the lowest toxic activity against fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Taking together, our results indicate that Sor presents the highest specificity towards Leishmania cells with no toxicity on fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Dimmer
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP: X5016GCN Córdoba, Argentina; Dpto. Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Fac. Cs. Qcas. Universidad Nacional Córdoba. CP: X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernanda V Cabral
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) - Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária "Armando de Sales Oliveira", CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caetano Padial Sabino
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) - Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária "Armando de Sales Oliveira", CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Biolambda, Translational Biophotonics LTD, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Ramos Silva
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) - Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária "Armando de Sales Oliveira", CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana C Núñez-Montoya
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP: X5016GCN Córdoba, Argentina; Dpto. Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Fac. Cs. Qcas. Universidad Nacional Córdoba. CP: X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Luis Cabrera
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP: X5016GCN Córdoba, Argentina; Dpto. Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Fac. Cs. Qcas. Universidad Nacional Córdoba. CP: X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martha S Ribeiro
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) - Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária "Armando de Sales Oliveira", CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Voak AA, Standing JF, Sepúlveda N, Harris A, Croft SL, Seifert K. Pharmacodynamics and cellular accumulation of amphotericin B and miltefosine in Leishmania donovani-infected primary macrophages. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:1314-1323. [PMID: 29506127 PMCID: PMC5909632 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We examined the in vitro pharmacodynamics and cellular accumulation of the standard anti-leishmanial drugs amphotericin B and miltefosine in intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigote-macrophage drug assays. Methods Primary mouse macrophages were infected with L. donovani amastigotes. In time-kill assays infected macrophages were exposed to at least six different concentrations of serially diluted drugs and the percentage of infected macrophages was determined after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h of exposure. Cellular drug accumulation was measured following exposure to highly effective drug concentrations for 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. Data were analysed through a mathematical model, relating drug concentration to the percentage of infected cells over time. Host cell membrane damage was evaluated through measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release. The effect of varying the serum and albumin concentrations in medium on the cellular accumulation levels of miltefosine was measured. Results Amphotericin B was more potent than miltefosine (EC50 values of 0.65 and 1.26 μM, respectively) and displayed a wider therapeutic window in vitro. The kinetics of the cellular accumulation of amphotericin B was concentration- and formulation-dependent. At an extracellular concentration of 10 μM miltefosine maximum cellular drug levels preceded maximum anti-leishmanial kill. Miltefosine induced membrane damage in a concentration-, time- and serum-dependent manner. Its cellular accumulation levels increased with decreasing amounts of protein in assay medium. Conclusions We have developed a novel approach to investigate the cellular pharmacology of anti-leishmanial drugs that serves as a model for the characterization of new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Voak
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Joseph F Standing
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.,Centre for Statistics and Applications of University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andy Harris
- Pharmidex, 3rd Floor, 14 Hanover Street, London W1S 1YH, UK
| | - Simon L Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Karin Seifert
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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23
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Ortalli M, Varani S, Rosso C, Quintavalla A, Lombardo M, Trombini C. Evaluation of synthetic substituted 1,2-dioxanes as novel agents against human leishmaniasis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 170:126-140. [PMID: 30878827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of human leishmaniasis is currently based on few compounds that are highly toxic, expensive and have a high rate of treatment failure. A number of recent studies on new drugs focuses on natural or semi-synthetic compounds. Among them, the endoperoxide artemisinin, extracted from Artemisia annua, and some of its derivatives have shown leishmanicidal activity. In the present work, a series of structurally simple, fully synthetic 1,2-dioxanes were evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani; the cytotoxicity for mammalian cells was also assessed. The six most promising compounds in terms of activity and selectivity were further investigated for their antileishmanial activity on the promastigote forms of L. tropica, L. major and L. infantum and against L. donovani amastigotes. The good performance in terms of potency and selectivity makes these six hits promising candidates for a preliminary lead optimization as antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ortalli
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Varani
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy; Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Reference Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Rosso
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Quintavalla
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - M Lombardo
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Trombini
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Rezaei F, Saghaie L, Sabet R, Fassihi A, Hatam G. Novel Catechol Derivatives of Arylimidamides as Antileishmanial Agents. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800228. [PMID: 29999602 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two novel bis-arylimidamide derivatives with terminal catechol moieties (9a and 10a) and two parent compounds with terminal phenyl groups (DB613 and DB884) were synthesized as dihydrobromide salts (9b and 10b). The designed compounds were hybrid molecules consisting of a catechol functionality embedded in an arylimidamide moiety. All compounds were examined for in vitro antiparasitic activity upon promastigotes of Leishmania major and L. infantum as well as axenic amastigotes of L. major. It was shown that conversion of terminal phenyl groups into catechol moieties resulted in more than 10-fold improvement in potency, coupled with lower cytotoxicity against fibroblast cells, compared to the corresponding parent compounds. The furan-containing analog 9a exhibited the highest activity with submicromolar IC50 values, ranging from 0.29 to 0.36 μm, which is comparable in efficacy to the reference drug amphotericin B (IC50 0.28 - 0.33 μm). The results justify further study of this class of compounds. It seems that the combination of catechol chelating groups with potent antiparasitic agents could improve the efficacy by presenting novel hybrid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Sabet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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25
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Khattab SN, Khalil HH, Bekhit AA, Abd El-Rahman MM, de la Torre BG, El-Faham A, Albericio F. 1,3,5-Triazino Peptide Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Antileishmanial Activity. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:725-735. [PMID: 29388337 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A library of short di-, tri-, and tetra-peptides with an s-triazine moiety at the N terminus and either an amide or ethyl ester C terminus was prepared in solution and on the solid phase. The two remaining positions of the s-triazine moiety were substituted with methoxy, morpholino, or piperidino groups. All the synthesized peptide derivatives were analyzed by HPLC and fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF). A preliminary study of the antileishmanial activity of the 1,3,5-triazinyl peptide derivatives revealed that four dipeptide amide derivatives showed higher antipromastigote or antiamastigote activity than the reference standard drug miltefosine with no significance acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine N Khattab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.,Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory(CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Hosam H Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory(CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KRISP, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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26
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Salguero FJ, Garcia-Jimenez WL, Lima I, Seifert K. Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterisation of hepatic granulomas in Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice: a time-course study. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:73. [PMID: 29386047 PMCID: PMC5793367 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD), caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. Symptomatic VL is considered fatal when left untreated. At present, there is no effective vaccine licensed for human use and available chemotherapies have limitations. Understanding the local immune mechanisms required for the control of infection is a key factor for developing effective vaccines and therapeutics. METHODS We have investigated the development of the typical granulomatous lesions in the liver in experimental VL over time, together with the local immune responses. BALB/c mice were infected intravenously with a dose of 2 × 107 L. donovani amastigotes (MHOM/ET/67/HU3) and sacrificed at 15, 35 and 63 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathology and immunohistochemical techniques were used for the detection of Leishmania antigen, selected cell types including B and T lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils (CD45R-B220+, CD3+, F4/80+ and Ly-6G+) and iNOS. RESULTS Granulomatous lesions were identified as early as 15 dpi in the livers of all infected animals. Three categories were used to classify liver granulomas (immature, mature and clear). Clear granulomas were exclusively detected from 35 dpi onwards. Kupffer cells (F4/80+) were predominant in immature granulomas, regardless of the dpi. Nonetheless, the highest expression was found 63 dpi. Positive staining for iNOS was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of fused Kupffer cells and the highest expression observed at 35 dpi. T cells (CD3+) and B cells (CD45R-B220+) were predominant in more advanced granuloma stages, probably related to the establishment of acquired immunity. Neutrophils (Ly-6G+) were predominantly observed in mature granulomas with the highest expression at 15 dpi. Neutrophils were lower in numbers compared to other cell types, particularly at later time points. CONCLUSIONS Our results reflect the role of macrophages during the early stage of infection and the establishment of a lymphocytic response to control the infection in more advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Salguero
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Waldo L Garcia-Jimenez
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Isadora Lima
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Karin Seifert
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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27
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Allane D, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Harrat Z, Seve M, Laraba-Djebari F. Isolation and characterization of an anti-leishmanial disintegrin fromCerastes cerastesvenom. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dihia Allane
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
| | - Habiba Oussedik-Oumehdi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
| | - Zoubir Harrat
- Institut Pasteur d'Algérie; Service d'Eco-Epidémiologie Parasitaire; Dely Ibrahim Algiers 16 047 Algeria
| | - Michel Seve
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie; Promethee Proteomic Platform; Grenoble France
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
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28
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Leishmanicidal effect of antiparasitic photodynamic therapy—ApPDT on infected macrophages. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1959-1964. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Library of Seleno-Compounds as Novel Agents against Leishmania Species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02546-16. [PMID: 28320721 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02546-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro leishmanicidal activities of a series of 48 recently synthesized selenium derivatives against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis parasites were tested using promastigotes and intracellular amastigote forms. The cytotoxicity of the tested compounds for J774.2 macrophage cells was also measured in order to establish their selectivity. Six of the tested compounds (compounds 8, 10, 11, 15, 45, and 48) showed selectivity indexes higher than those of the reference drug, meglumine antimonate (Glucantime), for both Leishmania species; in the case of L. braziliensis, compound 20 was also remarkably selective. Moreover, data on infection rates and amastigote numbers per macrophage showed that compounds 8, 10, 11, 15, 45, and 48 were the most active against both Leishmania species studied. The observed changes in the excretion product profile of parasites treated with these six compounds were also consistent with substantial cytoplasmic alterations. On the other hand, the most active compounds were potent inhibitors of Fe superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) in the two parasite species considered, whereas their impact on human CuZn-SOD was low. The high activity, low toxicity, stability, low cost of the starting materials, and straightforward synthesis make these compounds appropriate molecules for the development of affordable antileishmanicidal agents.
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Snapshot Profiling of the Antileishmanial Potency of Lead Compounds and Drug Candidates against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes, with a Focus on Human-Derived Host Cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01228-16. [PMID: 28069646 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01228-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the in vitro potencies of antileishmanial agents against intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes in primary human macrophages, obtained with or without CD14-positive monocyte enrichment, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 cells, and mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs). Host cell-dependent potency was confirmed for pentavalent and trivalent antimony. Fexinidazole was inactive against intracellular amastigotes across the host cell panel. Fexinidazole sulfone, (R)-PA-824, (S)-PA-824, and VL-2098 displayed similar potency in all of the host cells tested.
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31
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Khadem F, Jia P, Mou Z, Feiz Barazandeh A, Liu D, Keynan Y, Uzonna JE. Pharmacological inhibition of p110δ subunit of PI3K confers protection against experimental leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:467-477. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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32
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Abdossamadi Z, Seyed N, Rafati S. Mammalian host defense peptides and their implication on combating Leishmania infection. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:23-31. [PMID: 27729107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infection with parasites of the genus Leishmania is a health problem in many countries around the world. No effective vaccine is available against leishmaniasis, so chemotherapy is the only alternative for treatment of all forms of the disease. However, drawbacks including toxicity and severe adverse reactions restrain the use of currently available chemotherapeutics. Therefore development of new drugs and therapeutic approaches is highly demanded. Mammalian host defense peptides (mHDP) and/or mammalian antimicrobial peptides (mAMP) are among promising compounds considered effective to control the infectious diseases. These are potential multifunctional molecules that modulate the immune response besides direct killing of pathogens. Here we have reviewed the hallmark characteristics of the mHDPs in respect to the potential role they can play against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdossamadi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Seyed
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Soni B, Mandlik V, Bejugam PR, Singh S. Molecular clock calibrations and substitution rates as a theoretical framework for systems approaches in TLRs: A perspective for drug targeting in leishmaniasis. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Amoa-Bosompem M, Ohashi M, Mosore MT, Agyapong J, Tung NH, Kwofie KD, Ayertey F, Owusu KBA, Tuffour I, Atchoglo P, Djameh GI, Azerigyik FA, Botchie SK, Anyan WK, Appiah-Opong R, Uto T, Morinaga O, Appiah AA, Ayi I, Shoyama Y, Boakye DA, Ohta N. In vitro anti-Leishmania activity of tetracyclic iridoids from Morinda lucida, benth. Trop Med Health 2016; 44:25. [PMID: 27536194 PMCID: PMC4974772 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease transmitted by the sand fly. It is caused by over 20 different species of Leishmania and has affected over 14 million people worldwide. One of the main forms of control of leishmaniasis is chemotherapy, but this is limited by the high cost and/or toxicity of available drugs. We previously found three novel compounds with an iridoid tetracyclic skeleton to have activity against trypanosome parasites. In this study, we determined the activity of the three anti-trypanosome compounds against Leishmania using field strain, 010, and the lab strain Leishmania hertigi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds against 010 was determined by microscopy while the IC50 of compounds against L. hertigi was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with Guava viacount analysis. We found two of the three compounds, molucidin and ML-F52, to have anti-Leishmania activity against both strains. The fluor-microscope observation with DAPI stain revealed that both Molucidin and ML-F52 induced abnormal parasites with two sets of nucleus and kinetoplast in a cell, suggesting that compounds might inhibit cytokinesis in Leishmania parasites. Molucidin and ML-F52 might be good lead compounds for the development of new anti-Leishmania chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Mitsuko Ohashi
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
- Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Mba-Tihssommah Mosore
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Jeffrey Agyapong
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Nguyen Huu Tung
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298 Japan
| | - Kofi D. Kwofie
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
- Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Frederick Ayertey
- Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong - Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Kofi Baffuor-Awuah Owusu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Isaac Tuffour
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Philip Atchoglo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Georgina I. Djameh
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Faustus A. Azerigyik
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Senyo K. Botchie
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - William K. Anyan
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298 Japan
| | - Osamu Morinaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298 Japan
| | - Alfred. A. Appiah
- Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong - Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Irene Ayi
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298 Japan
| | - Daniel A Boakye
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
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Duarte MC, Tavares GSV, Valadares DG, Lage DP, Ribeiro TG, Lage LMR, Rodrigues MR, Faraco AAG, Soto M, da Silva ES, Chávez Fumagalli MA, Tavares CAP, Leite JPV, Oliveira JS, Castilho RO, Coelho EAF. Antileishmanial activity and mechanism of action from a purified fraction of Zingiber officinalis Roscoe against Leishmania amazonensis. Exp Parasitol 2016; 166:21-8. [PMID: 27013260 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to identify new antileishmanial products derived from medicinal plants, although, to date, no new effective compound has been recently applied to treat leishmaniasis. In the present study, the antileishmanial activity of a water extract from Zingiber officinalis Roscoe (ginger) was investigated and a purified fraction, named F10, was identified as responsible by this biological activity. The chemical characterization performed for this fraction showed that it is mainly composed by flavonoids and saponins. The water extract and the F10 fraction presented IC50 values of 125.5 and 49.8 μg/mL, respectively. Their selectivity indexes (SI) were calculated and values were seven and 40 times higher, respectively, in relation to the value found for amphotericin B, which was used as a control. Additional studies were performed to evaluate the toxicity of these compounds in human red blood cells, besides of the production of nitrite, as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO), in treated and infected macrophages. The results showed that both F10 fraction and water extract were not toxic to human cells, and they were able to stimulate the nitrite production, with values of 13.6 and 5.4 μM, respectively, suggesting that their biological activity could be due to macrophages activation via NO production. In conclusion, the present study shows that a purified fraction from ginger could be evaluated in future works as a therapeutic alternative, on its own or in association with other drugs, to treat disease caused by L. amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Laboratório de Doenças infecto-parasitárias and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal De São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo G Valadares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana G Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia M R Lage
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcella R Rodrigues
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André A G Faraco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manuel Soto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo S da Silva
- Laboratório de Doenças infecto-parasitárias and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal De São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Chávez Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos A P Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Paulo V Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jamil S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças infecto-parasitárias and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal De São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rachel O Castilho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Amat Sain A, Amanah A, Zahari Z, Mohd Salim RJ, Mansor SM, Adenan MI. (+)-Spectaline, a Piperidine Alkaloid from Senna spectabilis DC. Effective in Reducing the In Vitro Infection of Leishmania major. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Senna spectabilisis known to have antimicrobial, laxative, antiulcerogenic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties in folk medicine. Piperidine alkaloids extracted from various parts of this plant have been shown to have anticonvulsant (iso-6-spectaline), antinociceptive [(-)-spectaline] and lipid peroxidation [(+)-3-O-feruloylcassine, (-)-spectaline and (-)-3-O-acetylspectaline] activities. In our study, the ethyl acetate extract fromS. spectabilisexhibited antileishmanial activity via intracellular promastigote assay or leishmanicidal assay and was further fractionated by using bioassay-guided isolation approach. The antiprotozoal principle was isolated from the ethyl acetate portion through solvent fractionation and a few series of chromatographic processes. The isolated active compound 1 was identified as (+)-spectaline on the basis of its spectral analysis (MS, 1D & 2D NMR) with EC50value of 0.063 ± 0.005 µM for antileishmanial activity and selectivity index of 3.76.
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Cabezas Y, Legentil L, Robert-Gangneux F, Daligault F, Belaz S, Nugier-Chauvin C, Tranchimand S, Tellier C, Gangneux JP, Ferrières V. Leishmania cell wall as a potent target for antiparasitic drugs. A focus on the glycoconjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:8393-404. [PMID: 26130402 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although leishmaniasis has been studied for over a century, the fight against cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms of the disease remains a hot topic. This review refers to the parasitic cell wall and more particularly to the constitutive glycoconjugates. The structures of the main glycolipids and glycoproteins, which are species-dependent, are described. The focus is on the disturbance of the lipid membrane by existing drugs and possible new ones, in order to develop future therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Cabezas
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
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38
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Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Ribeiro TG, Castilho RO, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Coelho CSP, Mendonça DVC, Soto M, Tavares CAP, Faraco AAG, Coelho EAF. New delivery systems for amphotericin B applied to the improvement of leishmaniasis treatment. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 48:235-42. [PMID: 26107999 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0138-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the six major tropical diseases targeted by the World Health Organization. It is a life-threatening disease of medical, social and economic importance in endemic areas. No vaccine is yet available for human use, and chemotherapy presents several problems. Pentavalent antimonials have been the drugs of choice to treat the disease for more than six decades; however, they exhibit high toxicity and are not indicated for children, for pregnant or breastfeeding women or for chronically ill patients. Amphotericin B (AmpB) is a second-line drug, and although it has been increasingly used to treat visceral leishmaniasis (VL), its clinical use has been hampered due to its high toxicity. This review focuses on the development and in vivo usage of new delivery systems for AmpB that aim to decrease its toxicity without altering its therapeutic efficacy. These new formulations, when adjusted with regard to their production costs, may be considered new drug delivery systems that promise to improve the treatment of leishmaniasis, by reducing the side effects and the number of doses while permitting a satisfactory cost-benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Gomes Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rachel Oliveira Castilho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Manuel Soto
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid;Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Augusto Gomes Faraco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Marín C, Inclán M, Ramírez-Macías I, Albelda MT, Cañas R, Clares MP, González-García J, Rosales MJ, Urbanova K, García-España E, Sánchez-Moreno M. In vitro antileishmanial activity of aza-scorpiand macrocycles. Inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme iron superoxide dismutase. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aza-scorpiand-like macrocycles candidates for the development of affordable anti-leishmanicidal agents.
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Kieffer C, Cohen A, Verhaeghe P, Paloque L, Hutter S, Castera-Ducros C, Laget M, Rault S, Valentin A, Rathelot P, Azas N, Vanelle P. Antileishmanial pharmacomodulation in 8-nitroquinolin-2(1H)-one series. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2377-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2,6,9-Trisubstituted purines as CRK3 kinase inhibitors with antileishmanial activity in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2298-301. [PMID: 25937014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the leishmanicidal activities of a library of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines that were screened for interaction with Cdc2-related protein kinase 3 (CRK3) and subsequently for activity against parasitic Leishmania species. The most active compound inhibited recombinant CRK3 with an IC50 value of 162 nM and was active against Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani at low micromolar concentrations in vitro. Its mode of binding to CRK3 was investigated by molecular docking using a homology model.
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42
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Imidazole-containing phthalazine derivatives inhibit Fe-SOD performance in Leishmania species and are active in vitro against visceral and mucosal leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2015; 142:1115-29. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe in vitro leishmanicidal activity of a series of imidazole-containing phthalazine derivatives 1–4 was tested on Leishmania infantum, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania donovani parasites, and their cytotoxicity on J774·2 macrophage cells was also measured. All compounds tested showed selectivity indexes higher than that of the reference drug glucantime for the three Leishmania species, and the less bulky monoalkylamino substituted derivatives 2 and 4 were clearly more effective than their bisalkylamino substituted counterparts 1 and 3. Both infection rate measures and ultrastructural alterations studies confirmed that 2 and 4 were highly leishmanicidal and induced extensive parasite cell damage. Modifications to the excretion products of parasites treated with 2 and 4 were also consistent with substantial cytoplasmic alterations. On the other hand, the most active compounds 2 and 4 were potent inhibitors of iron superoxide dismutase enzyme (Fe-SOD) in the three species considered, whereas their impact on human CuZn-SOD was low. Molecular modelling suggests that 2 and 4 could deactivate Fe-SOD due to a sterically favoured enhanced ability to interact with the H-bonding net that supports the antioxidant features of the enzyme.
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Sánchez-Fernández EM, Gómez-Pérez V, García-Hernández R, García Fernández JM, Plata GB, Padrón JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Castanys S, Gamarro F. Antileishmanial activity of sp2-iminosugar derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02627j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
sp2-iminosugar S-linked pseudoglycosides selectively inhibit growth of the intracellular form of Leishmania donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Gómez-Pérez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”
- IPBLN-CSIC
- Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud
- 18016-Granada
- Spain
| | - Raquel García-Hernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”
- IPBLN-CSIC
- Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud
- 18016-Granada
- Spain
| | | | - Gabriela B. Plata
- BioLab
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias
- Universidad de La Laguna
- La Laguna
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias
- Universidad de La Laguna
- La Laguna
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Santiago Castanys
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”
- IPBLN-CSIC
- Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud
- 18016-Granada
- Spain
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”
- IPBLN-CSIC
- Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud
- 18016-Granada
- Spain
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44
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Oryan A. Plant-derived compounds in treatment of leishmaniasis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2015; 16:1-19. [PMID: 27175144 PMCID: PMC4789233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected public health problem caused by the protozoan species belonging to the genus Leishmania affecting mostly the poor populations of developing countries. The causative organism is transmitted by female sandflies. Cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral clinical manifestations are the most frequent forms of leishmaniasis. Chemotherapy still relies on the use of pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, paromomycin, miltefosin and liposomal amphotericin B. However, the application of these drugs is limited due to low efficacy, life-threatening side effects, high toxicity, induction of parasite resistance, length of treatment and high cost. Given the fact that antileishmanial vaccines may not become available in the near future, the search for better drugs should be continued. Natural products may offer an unlimited source of chemical diversity to identify new drug modules. New medicines should be less toxic or non-toxic, safe, more efficient, less expensive and readily available antileishmanial agents, especially for low-income populations. In the present review, special focus is on medicinal plants used against leishmanaiasis. The bioactive phytocompounds present in the plant derivatives including the crude extracts, essential oils, and other useful compounds can be a good source for discovering and producing new antileishmanial medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oryan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Micale N, Piperno A, Mahfoudh N, Schurigt U, Schultheis M, Mineo PG, Schirmeister T, Scala A, Grassi G. A hyaluronic acid–pentamidine bioconjugate as a macrophage mediated drug targeting delivery system for the treatment of leishmaniasis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new HA–Pent bioconjugate was synthetized and proposed as drug targeting delivery system for the treatment of leishmaniasis, exploiting the specific biological recognition of HA by the macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Micale
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products
- University of Messina
- 98168 Messina
- Italy
| | - A. Piperno
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - N. Mahfoudh
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry
- University of Granada
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- 18071 Granada
- Spain
| | - U. Schurigt
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology
- University of Würzburg
- Würzburg 97074
- Germany
| | - M. Schultheis
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology
- University of Würzburg
- Würzburg 97074
- Germany
| | - P. G. Mineo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - T. Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry
- University of Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - A. Scala
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - G. Grassi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
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Design, synthesis and anti-leishmanial activity of novel symmetrical bispyridinium cyclophanes. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:362-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Forestier CL, Späth GF, Prina E, Dasari S. Simultaneous multi-parametric analysis of Leishmania and of its hosting mammal cells: A high content imaging-based method enabling sound drug discovery process. Microb Pathog 2014; 88:103-8. [PMID: 25448129 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease for which only limited therapeutic options are available. The disease is ranked among the six most important tropical infectious diseases and represents the second-largest parasitic killer in the world. The development of new therapies has been hampered by the lack of technologies and methodologies that can be integrated into the complex physiological environment of a cell or organism and adapted to suitable in vitro and in vivo Leishmania models. Recent advances in microscopy imaging offer the possibility to assess the efficacy of potential drug candidates against Leishmania within host cells. This technology allows the simultaneous visualization of relevant phenotypes in parasite and host cells and the quantification of a variety of cellular events. In this review, we present the powerful cellular imaging methodologies that have been developed for drug screening in a biologically relevant context, addressing both high-content and high-throughput needs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of intra-vital microscopy imaging in the context of the anti-leishmanial drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Lise Forestier
- INSERM U1095, URMITE-UMR CNRS 7278, Infectiopole Sud, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | - Gerald Frank Späth
- Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA2581, Unité de Parasitologie moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Eric Prina
- Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA2581, Unité de Parasitologie moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Sreekanth Dasari
- INSERM U1095, URMITE-UMR CNRS 7278, Infectiopole Sud, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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Hussain H, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Green IR, Gibbons S. Fruitful decade for antileishmanial compounds from 2002 to late 2011. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10369-428. [PMID: 25253511 DOI: 10.1021/cr400552x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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Corral MJ, Serrano DR, Moreno I, Torrado JJ, Domínguez M, Alunda JM. Efficacy of low doses of amphotericin B plus allicin against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:3268-74. [PMID: 25096077 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of allicin and amphotericin deoxycholate (AmB) in the chemotherapy of Leishmania infantum infection with the final aim of reducing the dose of AmB in the chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis. METHODS Hamsters were intraperitoneally (ip) infected with L. infantum (10(7) stationary phase promastigotes). On day 45 post-infection animals were treated ip with AmB (1 or 5 mg/kg/day), allicin (5 mg/kg/day) or a combination of AmB (1 mg/kg/day) + allicin (5 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Animals were clinically and biopathologically monitored and the antibody response (IgG, IgG1, IgG2) was determined. Parasite burdens were estimated by limiting dilution and AmB biodistribution was determined by HPLC in plasma, kidney, spleen and liver. RESULTS No clinical signs or liver and kidney alterations were observed. AmB (1 mg/kg/day) did not clear the Leishmania infection and no parasites were detected in two animals treated with 5 mg/kg/day allicin. Combination therapy (5 mg/kg allicin + 1 mg/kg AmB) reduced the L. infantum burden by >95%. Antileishmanial activity of the combination was comparable (P < 0.05) to the standard AmB treatment (5 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS Allicin alone (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) significantly reduced the Leishmania burden in spleen and liver of infected hamsters. Co-administration of allicin (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) and AmB (1 mg/kg/day for 5 days) showed a partial additive effect on the reduction of leishmanial burden in both target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jesús Corral
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Torrado
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Alunda
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Khazaeli P, Sharifi I, Talebian E, Heravi G, Moazeni E, Mostafavi M. Anti-leishmanial effect of itraconazole niosome on in vitro susceptibility of Leishmania tropica. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:205-211. [PMID: 24956400 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The novel niosomal system aimed to deliver the active drug entity to the target site. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the effect of itraconazole niosome on the in vitro susceptibility of Leishmania tropica as compared to itraconazole alone or tartar emetic. The overall growth rate of promastigotes treated with various concentrations of itraconazole niosome was significantly lower than that of itraconazole alone (IC₅₀=0.24 μg/ml vs. IC₅₀=0.43 μg/ml, P<0.01). In contrast, the mean multiplication rate of amastigotes inside the macrophages and also the mean number of amastigotes in each macrophage treated with itraconazole niosome (34.9 and 3.0) were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those treated with itraconazole alone (62.0 and 3.8) or tartar emetic (63.9 and 4.2), respectively. These findings indicated that niosomes could be developed as a novel drug delivery for itraconazole in the in vitro model. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of itraconazole niosome on volunteer human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Khazaeli
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Elham Talebian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gioia Heravi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Moazeni
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mostafavi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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