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Baasch-Skytte T, Gunnarsson TP, Fiorenza M, Bangsbo J. Skeletal muscle proteins important for work capacity are altered with type 2 diabetes - Effect of 10-20-30 training. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14681. [PMID: 33426802 PMCID: PMC7797308 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined whether men with type 2 diabetes exhibit lower expression of muscle proteins important for exercise capacity, and whether exercise training promotes adaptations in these proteins. In a cross-sectional and longitudinal study, conducted at the University of Copenhagen. Twelve men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were compared to eleven nondiabetes counterparts (ND) matched for age and body composition (body fat percentage). T2D underwent 10 weeks of high-intensity interval exercise training (10-20-30 training). T2D had lower expression of SOD1 (-62%; p < 0.001) and ETC complex V (-34%; p = 0.003), along with higher expression of ETC complex IV (+66%; p = 0.007), MFN2 (+62%; p = 0.001), and DRP1 (+30%; p = 0.028) compared to ND. T2D had higher (p < 0.001) expression of Na+ /K+ α1 (+98%), α2 (+114%), and NHE1 (+144%) than ND. In T2D, training increased exercise capacity (+9%; p < 0.001) as well as expression of SOD2 (+44%; p = 0.029), ETC complex II (+25%; p = 0.035), III (+52%; p = 0.041), IV (+23%; p = 0.005), and V (+21%; p = 0.035), CS activity (+32%; p = 0.006) as well as Na+ /K+ α1 (+24%; p = 0.034), Kir6.2 (+36%; p = 0.029), and MCT1 (+20%; p = 0.007). Men with type 2 diabetes exhibited altered expression of a multitude of skeletal muscle proteins important for exercise capacity. Ten weeks of 10-20-30 training upregulated expression of muscle proteins regulating antioxidant defense, mitochondrial function, and ion handling while enhancing exercise capacity in men with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baasch-Skytte
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas P Gunnarsson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Fiorenza
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Westerman K, Sebastiani P, Jacques P, Liu S, DeMeo D, Ordovás JM. DNA methylation modules associate with incident cardiovascular disease and cumulative risk factor exposure. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:142. [PMID: 31615550 PMCID: PMC6792327 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenome-wide association studies using DNA methylation have the potential to uncover novel biomarkers and mechanisms of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the direction of causation for these associations is not always clear, and investigations to-date have often failed to replicate at the level of individual loci. METHODS Here, we undertook module- and region-based DNA methylation analyses of incident CVD in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (FHS) in order to find more robust epigenetic biomarkers for cardiovascular risk. We applied weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and the Comb-p algorithm to find methylation modules and regions associated with incident CVD in the WHI dataset. RESULTS We discovered two modules whose activation correlated with CVD risk and replicated across cohorts. One of these modules was enriched for development-related processes and overlaps strongly with epigenetic aging sites. For the other, we showed preliminary evidence for monocyte-specific effects and statistical links to cumulative exposure to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, we found three regions (associated with the genes SLC9A1, SLC1A5, and TNRC6C) whose methylation associates with CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS In sum, we present several epigenetic associations with incident CVD which reveal disease mechanisms related to development and monocyte biology. Furthermore, we show that epigenetic modules may act as a molecular readout of cumulative cardiovascular risk factor exposure, with implications for the improvement of clinical risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Westerman
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Jacques
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dawn DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- IMDEA Alimentación, CEI, UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Ramírez MA, Beltrán AR, Araya JE, Cornejo M, Toledo F, Fuentes G, Sobrevia L. Involvement of Intracellular pH in Vascular Insulin Resistance. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:440-446. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180911104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of the pH homeostasis is maintained by several mechanisms including the
efflux of protons (H+) via membrane transporters expressed in almost all mammalian cells. Along these
membrane transporters the sodium/H+ exchangers (NHEs), mainly NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), plays a key
role in this phenomenon. NHE1 is under modulation by several environmental conditions (e.g. hyperglycaemia,
protein kinase C activity) as well as hormones, including insulin. NHE1 activation causes
intracellular alkalization in human endothelial cells leading to activation of the endothelial Nitric Oxide
Synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. Intracellular alkalization is a phenomenon that also results in upregulation
of the glucose transporter GLUT4 in cells that are responsive to insulin. A reduction in the removal
of the extracellular D-glucose is seen in states of insulin resistance, such as in diabetes mellitus
and obesity. Since insulin is a potent activator of eNOS in human endothelium, therefore causing vasodilation,
and its vascular effect is reduced in insulin resistance it is likely that a defective signal to activate
NHE1 in insulin target cells is expected. This phenomenon results in lower redistribution and activation
of GLUT4 leading to reduced uptake of D-glucose and hyperglycaemia. The general concept of a
role for NHE1, and perhaps other NHEs isoforms, in insulin resistance in the human vasculature is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Ramírez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Ana R. Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Jorge E. Araya
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cornejo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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Packer M. Activation and Inhibition of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger Is a Mechanism That Links the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus With That of Heart Failure. Circulation 2017; 136:1548-1559. [PMID: 29038209 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes mellitus and heart failure are closely intertwined, such that worsening of one condition is frequently accompanied by worsening of the other; the degree of clinical acceleration is marked when the 2 coexist. Activation of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger in the heart and vasculature (NHE1 isoform) and the kidneys (NHE3 isoform) may serve as a common mechanism that links both disorders and may underlie their interplay. Insulin insensitivity and adipokine abnormalities (the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus) are characteristic features of heart failure; conversely, neurohormonal systems activated in heart failure (norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and neprilysin) impair insulin sensitivity and contribute to microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Each of these neurohormonal derangements may act through increased activity of both NHE1 and NHE3. Drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus may favorably affect the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure by inhibiting either or both NHE isoforms, and drugs used to treat heart failure may have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance and the complications of diabetes mellitus by interfering with the actions of NHE1 and NHE3. The efficacy of NHE inhibitors on the risk of cardiovascular events may be enhanced when heart failure and glucose intolerance coexist and may be attenuated when drugs with NHE inhibitory actions are given concomitantly. Therefore, the sodium-hydrogen exchanger may play a central role in the interplay of diabetes mellitus and heart failure, contribute to the physiological and clinical progression of both diseases, and explain certain drug-drug and drug-disease interactions that have been reported in large-scale randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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Wu S, Yang Q, Liu Q, Song T, Zhou S, Liu Y, Liu L. Cariporide, a Specific Na+/H+Exchanger 1 Blocker, Inhibits Neointimal Proliferation Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products in a Balloon Injury Rat Model. Pharmacology 2013; 91:123-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000346128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Insulin resistance: a significant risk factor of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 125:751-7. [PMID: 22449736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the role played by insulin resistance in the development of endometrial cancer. METHODS Relevant manuscripts and studies were searched on Medline using the terms endometrial cancer, insulin resistance, obesity, adipokine, C-peptide, leptin, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, insulin, PI3K/Akt, Ras/MAPK and metformin alone or in combination. RESULTS Epidemiological studies have shown that insulin resistance is an important potential risk factor of endometrial cancer, and several research studies have been undertaken to determine the mechanism underlying its link to this malignant disease. Risk factors of insulin resistance, such as the inflammatory mediators, adipokines adiponectin, leptin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and excessive androgen are also risk factors of endometrial cancer. High levels of insulin induced by insulin resistance have been found to exert direct and indirect effects that contribute to the development of endometrial cancer. Insulin directly promotes cell proliferation and survival through the PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAPK pathways. Moreover, the network among insulin, estrogen and insulin-like growth factor-1 also contributes to the development of endometrial cancer. Indirectly, insulin leads to changes in sex hormone levels, including increases in the levels of estrogen. Additionally, a small number of studies suggested that metformin, an insulin-sensitizing agent, has therapeutic potential for endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS This evidence suggests that insulin resistance plays a central role in endometrial cancer development. Understanding the relationship between insulin resistance and endometrial cancer may supply new ideas to fight this malignancy. Furthermore, combating insulin resistance may be a useful preventive and therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer.
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Sgk1 sensitivity of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity and cardiac remodeling following pressure overload. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:236. [PMID: 22212557 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustained increase of cardiac workload is known to trigger cardiac remodeling with eventual development of cardiac failure. Compelling evidence points to a critical role of enhanced cardiac Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE1) activity in the underlying pathophysiology. The signaling triggering up-regulation of NHE1 remained, however, ill defined. The present study explored the involvement of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase Sgk1 in cardiac remodeling due to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). To this end, experiments were performed in gene targeted mice lacking functional Sgk1 (sgk1 (-/-)) and their wild-type controls (sgk1 (+/+)). Transcript levels have been determined by RT-PCR, cytosolic pH (pH( i )) utilizing 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) fluorescence, Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity by the Na(+)-dependent realkalinization after an ammonium pulse, ejection fraction (%) utilizing cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac glucose uptake by PET imaging. As a result, TAC increased the mRNA expression of Sgk1 in sgk1 (+/+) mice, paralleled by an increase in Nhe1 transcript levels as well as Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity, all effects virtually abrogated in sgk1 (-/-) mice. In sgk1 (+/+) mice, TAC induced a decrease in Pgc1a mRNA expression, while Spp1 mRNA expression was increased, both effects diminished in the sgk1 (-/-) mice. TAC was followed by a significant increase of heart and lung weight in sgk1 (+/+) mice, an effect significantly blunted in sgk1 (-/-) mice. TAC increased the transcript levels of Anp and Bnp, effects again significantly blunted in sgk1 (-/-) mice. TAC increased transcript levels of Collagen I and III as well as Ctgf mRNA and CTGF protein abundance, effects significantly blunted in sgk1 (-/-) mice. TAC further decreased the ejection fraction in sgk1 (+/+) mice, an effect again attenuated in sgk1 (-/-) mice. Also, cardiac FDG-glucose uptake was increased to a larger extent in sgk1 (+/+) mice than in sgk1 (-/-) mice after TAC. These observations point to an important role for SGK1 in cardiac remodeling and development of heart failure following an excessive work load.
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Sarigianni M, Tsapas A, Paletas K. Leptin, Adiponectin, and Insulin Resistance. Angiology 2011; 62:349. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319710381995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sarigianni
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Apostolos Tsapas
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Oxford, The Tseu Medical Institute, Harris Manchester College, Oxford, UK
| | - Konstantinos Paletas
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece,
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