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Nikolić I, Chua EG, Tay ACY, Kostrešević A, Pavlović B, Jončić Savić K. Savory, Oregano and Thyme Essential Oil Mixture (HerbELICO ®) Counteracts Helicobacter pylori. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052138. [PMID: 36903396 PMCID: PMC10003975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty percent of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, which can trigger many gastrointestinal disorders. H. pylori eradication therapy consists of two to three antimicrobial medicinal products, but they exhibit limited efficacy and may cause adverse side effects. Alternative therapies are urgent. It was assumed that an essential oil mixture, obtained from species from genera Satureja L., Origanum L. and Thymus L. and called the HerbELICO® essential oil mixture, could be useful in H. pylori infection treatment. HerbELICO® was analyzed by GC-MS and assessed in vitro against twenty H. pylori clinical strains isolated from patients of different geographical origins and with different antimicrobial medicinal products resistance profiles, and for its ability to penetrate the artificial mucin barrier. A customer case study included 15 users of HerbELICO®liquid/HerbELICO®solid dietary supplements (capsulated HerbELICO® mixture in liquid/solid form). Carvacrol and thymol were the most dominant compounds (47.44% and 11.62%, respectively), together with p-cymene (13.35%) and γ-terpinene (18.20%). The minimum concentration required to inhibit in vitro H. pylori growth by HerbELICO® was 4-5% (v/v); 10 min exposure to HerbELICO® was enough to kill off the examined H. pylori strains, while HerbELICO® was able to penetrate through mucin. A high eradication rate (up to 90%) and acceptance by consumers was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nikolić
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Bojan Pavlović
- Phytonet Ltd., Science Technology Park, Veljka Dugoševića 54, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Jončić Savić
- Phytonet Ltd., Science Technology Park, Veljka Dugoševića 54, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-4085118
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Alomar HA, Fathallah N, Abdel-Aziz MM, Ibrahim TA, Elkady WM. GC-MS Profiling, Anti- Helicobacter pylori, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Three Apiaceous Fruits' Essential Oils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2617. [PMID: 36235480 PMCID: PMC9570728 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is a challenge due to rising antibiotic resistance and GIT-related disorders. Cuminum cyminum, Pimpinella anisum, and Carum carvi are fruits belonging to the Apiaceae family. Their essential oils were extracted, analyzed using GC-MS, tested for anti-H. pylori activity by a micro-well dilution technique, identified for potential anti-H. pylori inhibitors by an in-silico study, and investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using a COX-2 inhibition assay. Results showed that the main components of C. cyminum, P. anisum, and C. carvi were cumaldehyde (41.26%), anethole (92.41%), and carvone (51.38%), respectively. Essential oil of C. cyminum exhibited the greatest anti-H. pylori activity (3.9 µg/mL) followed by P. anisum (15.63 µg/mL), while C. carvi showed the lowest activity (62.5 µg/mL). The in-silico study showed that cumaldehyde in C. cyminum has the best fitting energy to inhibit H. pylori.C. cyminum essential oil showed the maximum ability to reduce the production of Cox-2 expression approaching celecoxib with IC50 = 1.8 ± 0.41 µg/mL, followed by the C. carvi oil IC50 = 7.3 ± 0.35 µg/mL and then oil of P. anisum IC50 = 10.7±0.63 µg/mL. The investigated phytochemicals in this study can be used as potential adjunct therapies with conventional antibiotics against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatun A Alomar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Fathallah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Taghreed A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Elkousy RH, Mostafa NM, Abd-Alkhalek AM, El Hassab MA, Al-Rashood ST, Eldehna WM, Eldahshan OA. GC/MS analysis and potential synergistic effect of mandarin and marjoram oils on Helicobacter pylori. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1610-1619. [PMID: 35642325 PMCID: PMC9176704 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2081846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori can cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. This study compares chemical composition and anti-H. pylori activity of mandarin leaves and marjoram herb essential oils, and their combined oil. GC/MS analysis of mandarin oil revealed six compounds (100% identified), mainly methyl-N-methyl anthranilate (89.93%), and 13 compounds (93.52% identified) of marjoram oil, mainly trans-sabinene hydrate (36.11%), terpinen-4-ol (17.97%), linalyl acetate (9.18%), and caryophyllene oxide (8.25%)). Marjoram oil (MIC = 11.40 µg/mL) demonstrated higher activity than mandarin oil (MIC = 31.25 µg/mL). The combined oil showed a synergistic effect at MIC of 1.95 µg/mL (same as clarithromycin). In-silico molecular docking on H. pylori urease, CagA, pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies were performed on major compounds from both oils. The best scores were for caryophyllene oxide then linalyl acetate and methyl-N-methyl anthranilate. Compounds revealed high safety and desirable properties. The combined oil can be an excellent candidate to manage H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawah H Elkousy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), Ras Sedr, Egypt
| | - Sara T Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of Acroptilon repens (L.) Dc extract and its effect on exotoxin A gene expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jafari F, Ramezani M, Nomani H, Amiri MS, Moghadam AT, Sahebkar A, Emami SA, Mohammadpour AH. Therapeutic Effect, Chemical Composition, Ethnobotanical Profile of Eucalyptus globulus: A Review. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617999200807213043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The composition of essential oil (EO) of E. globulus is so different all over the world. The
main component of essential oil is 1,8-cineole (Compound 64), macrocarpal C (Compound 22), terpenes
(Compound 23-92), oleanolic acid (Compound 21), and tannins (Compound 93-99). We
searched in vitro and in vivo articles and reviewed botanical aspects, therapeutic activity, chemical
composition and mechanism of action of E. globulus. Essential oils and extracts of leaves, stump,
wood, root and fruits of E. globulus represented many various medicinal effects including antibacterial,
antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer, anthelmintic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, protection
against UV-B, wound healing effect and stimulating the immune response. Also, the leaf extract of eucalyptus
is used as a food additive in the industry. Eucalyptus has so many different therapeutic effects
and some of these effects were confirmed by pharmacological and clinical studies. More clinical studies
are recommended to confirm the useful pharmacological activity of E. globulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jafari
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran
| | - Mahin Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran
| | - Homa Nomani
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran
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Pandey AK, Chávez-González ML, Silva AS, Singh P. Essential oils from the genus Thymus as antimicrobial food preservatives: Progress in their use as nanoemulsions-a new paradigm. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hanif H, Elikaei A, Vazini H, Mohammadi A. Anticancer and Antibacterial Effect of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis, in Vitro. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.15.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Baker DA. Plants against Helicobacter pylori to combat resistance: An ethnopharmacological review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:e00470. [PMID: 32477900 PMCID: PMC7248673 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is regarded as the major etiological agent of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Claiming about 50 percent of the world population is infected with H. pylori while therapies for its eradication have failed because of many reasons including the acquired resistance against its antibiotics. Hence, the need to find new anti-H.pylori medications has become a hotspot with the urge of searching for alternative, more potent and safer inhibitors. In the recent drug technology scenario, medicinal plants are suggested as repositories for novel synthetic substances. Hitherto, is considered as ecofriendly, simple, more secure, easy, quick, and less toxic traditional treatment technique. This review is to highlight the anti-H. pylori medicinal plants, secondary metabolites and their mode of action with the aim of documenting such plants before they are effected by cultures and traditions that is expected as necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Abou Baker
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Meskini M, Esmaeili D. The study of formulated Zoush ointment against wound infection and gene expression of virulence factors Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:185. [PMID: 29903005 PMCID: PMC6003004 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of MDR and XDR strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increased resistance to infection in burn patients recommend the issue of infection control. In this research, we study ZOUSH herbal ointment for gene silencing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS The herbal ZOUSH ointment was formulated by alcoholic extracts of plants Satureja khuzestaniea, Zataria multiflora, Mentha Mozaffariani Jamzad, honey, and polyurethane. The MIC and disk diffusion tests were examined by single, binary, tertiary and five compounds. Three-week-old mice were considered to be second-degree infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During the interval of 5 days, cultures were done from the liver, blood, and wound by four consecutive quarters and counting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported in the liver. In this study, silver sulfadiazine ointments and Akbar were used as a positive control. The gene gyrA reference was used as the control. Real-time RT-PCR results were evaluated based on Livak as the comparative Ct method. RESULTS The In vitro results indicated that wound infection was improved by healing wound size in the treatment groups compared to control treatment group. In this research, the changes in gene expression were evaluated by molecular technique Real-time RT-PCR. The results showed downregulation exoS, lasA, and lasB after treatment with ZOUSH ointment. SPSS Analyses showed that reduction of expressions in genes exoS, lasA and lasB after treatment with ZOUSH ointment were significantly meaningful (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study showed that ZOUSH ointment has the positive effect for gene silencing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the mouse model with the second-degree burn. The positive effects decreased in the number of bacteria by reducing the expression of virulence bacteria genes as exoS, lasA and lasB and improvement of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Meskini
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute and Department Of Microbiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute and Department Of Microbiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Knezevic P, Aleksic Sabo V, Simin N, Lesjak M, Mimica-Dukic N. A colorimetric broth microdilution method for assessment of Helicobacter pylori sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 152:271-278. [PMID: 29448222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major infective etiological agent of the upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. The bacterium exhibits resistance to various conventional antibiotics, being usually challenging for eradication. Since there is an urge to consider alternative therapeutic strategies, the aim of the study was to examine selected essential oils of plants belonging to families Cupressaceae (Juniperus communis) and Lamiaceae (Hyssopus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus serpyllum) against H. pylori, using an improved microdilution broth method. The oils were examined in concentration range from 0.03 to 4 μL/mL. The method comprises Brain-heart infusion broth supplemented with yeast extract, horse serum and IsoVitaleX. After 3 day incubation, an equal volume of double strengthen Christensen's urea was added into each well and incubated for additional 4 h. In wells with present H. pylori, the medium changed color from yellow to purple, allowing MIC determination even without a microtitre plate reader. The microtitre format method is convenient as it is less expensive, easier to perform and requires less amount of an anti-H. pylori agent. The improved method enhances specificity to H. pylori, as fast urease activity is almost an exclusive property of this bacterium. The application of the second step incubation with Christensen's urea decreases the possibility of false positive/negative results due to contaminant growth or commonly poor H. pylori growth. Among the examined oils, J. communis, H. officinalis and O. basilicum were not active with the highest applied concentrations, while the most active was T. serpyllum, with MIC 2.0-4.0 μL/mL. This is the first report on essential oils activity of T. serpyllum and H. officinalis against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Knezevic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Verica Aleksic Sabo
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Natasa Simin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Marija Lesjak
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Neda Mimica-Dukic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia
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Sadowska U, Kopeć A, Kourimska L, Zarubova L, Kloucek P. The effect of drying methods on the concentration of compounds in sage and thyme. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Sadowska
- Institute of Machinery Exploitation, Ergonomics and Production Processes, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Łupaszki 6; Krakow 30-198 Poland
| | - Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122; Krakow 30-149 Poland
| | - Lenka Kourimska
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol; Czech Republic
| | - Lena Zarubova
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kloucek
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol; Czech Republic
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Lesjak M, Simin N, Orcic D, Franciskovic M, Knezevic P, Beara I, Aleksic V, Svircev E, Buzas K, Mimica-Dukic N. Binary and Tertiary Mixtures of Satureja hortensis
and Origanum vulgare
Essential Oils as Potent Antimicrobial Agents Against Helicobacter pylori. Phytother Res 2015; 30:476-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Lesjak
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
| | - Natasa Simin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
| | - Dejan Orcic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
| | - Marina Franciskovic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
| | - Petar Knezevic
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
| | - Ivana Beara
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
| | - Verica Aleksic
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
| | - Emilija Svircev
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
| | - Krisztina Buzas
- Tumorimmunology and Pharmacology Research Group; Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre; Temesvari krt. 62 H-6726 Szeged Hungary
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Szeged; Tisza Lajos krt. 64. H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Neda Mimica-Dukic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad Vojvodina Serbia
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Nabavi SM, Marchese A, Izadi M, Curti V, Daglia M, Nabavi SF. Plants belonging to the genus Thymus as antibacterial agents: from farm to pharmacy. Food Chem 2014; 173:339-47. [PMID: 25466031 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In traditional medicine, plants have been used since ancient times for the prevention and/or protection against infectious diseases. In recent years, the use of herbal medicines and food supplements containing botanical ingredients, as alternative therapy for infectious diseases, has been intensified due to their high content of antimicrobial agents such as polyphenols, i.e. flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Plants from the genus Thymus are important medicinal herbs, which are known to contain antimicrobial agents, and are rich in different active substances such as thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and terpinene. In this review, we summarise the available literature data about the in vitro antibacterial effects of the main plants belonging to the genus Thymus. We also provide information about cultivation, chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from these plants, and their use for medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Izadi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valeria Curti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stumps of Eucalyptus globulus as a source of antioxidant and antimicrobial polyphenols. Molecules 2014; 19:16428-46. [PMID: 25314604 PMCID: PMC6271475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
These past years have seen an enormous development of the area of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials. Eucalyptus globulus is widely cultivated in subtropical and Mediterranean regions in intensive short rotation coppice plantations. In the Portuguese context, E. globulus is the third species in terms of forest area. The stump is the basal part of the tree, including the near-the-ground stem portion and the woody roots that remain after stem felling. The purpose of this work was to study the phytochemical profile and to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of several crude stump wood and stump bark extracts of E. globulus, comparing it with similar extracts of E. globulus wood (industrial chips). The results showed the presence of high concentrations of total phenolic compounds (>200 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (>10 mg QE/g extract) in E. globulus stump extracts. Generally the stump wood extracts stands out from the other ones, presenting the highest percentages of inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. It was also possible to conclude that the extracts were more active against Gram-positive bacteria, presenting low MIC values. This study thus provides information supporting the economic valorization of E. globulus stump wood.
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Chedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, Roland BC, Dunbar KB, Koh J, Justino E, Tomakin E, Mullin GE. Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 3:16-24. [PMID: 24891990 PMCID: PMC4030608 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) have chronic intestinal and extraintestinal symptomatology which adversely affects their quality of life. Present treatment of SIBO is limited to oral antibiotics with variable success. A growing number of patients are interested in using complementary and alternative therapies for their gastrointestinal health. The objective was to determine the remission rate of SIBO using either the antibiotic rifaximin or herbals in a tertiary care referral gastroenterology practice. DESIGN One hundred and four patients who tested positive for newly diagnosed SIBO by lactulose breath testing (LBT) were offered either rifaximin 1200 mg daily vs herbal therapy for 4 weeks with repeat LBT post-treatment. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-six patients underwent LBT for suspected SIBO, of which 251 (63.4%) were positive 165 underwent treatment and 104 had a follow-up LBT. Of the 37 patients who received herbal therapy, 17 (46%) had a negative follow-up LBT compared to 23/67 (34%) of rifaximin users (P=.24). The odds ratio of having a negative LBT after taking herbal therapy as compared to rifaximin was 1.85 (CI=0.77-4.41, P=.17) once adjusted for age, gender, SIBO risk factors and IBS status. Fourteen of the 44 (31.8%) rifaximin non-responders were offered herbal rescue therapy, with 8 of the 14 (57.1%) having a negative LBT after completing the rescue herbal therapy, while 10 non-responders were offered triple antibiotics with 6 responding (60%, P=.89). Adverse effects were reported among the rifaximin treated arm including 1 case of anaphylaxis, 2 cases of hives, 2 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of Clostridium difficile. Only one case of diarrhea was reported in the herbal therapy arm, which did not reach statistical significance (P=.22). CONCLUSION SIBO is widely prevalent in a tertiary referral gastroenterology practice. Herbal therapies are at least as effective as rifaximin for resolution of SIBO by LBT. Herbals also appear to be as effective as triple antibiotic therapy for SIBO rescue therapy for rifaximin non-responders. Further, prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and explore additional alternative therapies in patients with refractory SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chedid
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Chedid), United States
| | - Sameer Dhalla
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Dhalla), United States
| | - John O Clarke
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Clarke), United States
| | - Bani Chander Roland
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Roland), United States
| | - Kerry B Dunbar
- University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Dallas, Texas (Dr Dunbar), United States
| | - Joyce Koh
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Koh), United States
| | - Edmundo Justino
- Trinity Health Center-Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology, Minot, North Dakota (Dr Justino)., United States
| | - Eric Tomakin
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland (Mr Tomakin), United States
| | - Gerard E Mullin
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Mullin), United States
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