1
|
Singh PP, Srivastava D, Shukla S, Varsha. Rhizophagus proliferus genome sequence reiterates conservation of genetic traits in AM fungi, but predicts higher saprotrophic activity. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
2
|
Kuhn V, Geisberger T, Huber C, Beck A, Eisenreich W. A facile in vivo procedure to analyze metabolic pathways in intact lichens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1657-1667. [PMID: 31135955 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichen secondary metabolites show important biological activities as well as pharmaceutical and chemotaxonomic potential. In order to utilize such substances of interest, detailed knowledge of their biosynthetic pathways is essential. 13 CO2 -pulse/chase experiments using intact thalli of the lichen Usnea dasopoga resulted in multiple 13 C-labeled isotopologs in amino acids, but not in the dibenzofuran derivative usnic acid - one of the best-studied lichen metabolites, with considerable and renewed interest for pharmaceutical and lifestyle applications. Spraying an aqueous solution of [U-13 C6 ]glucose onto the thalli of U. dasopoga afforded a specific mixture of multiple 13 C-labeled isotopologs in usnic acid. One- and two-dimensional NMR analysis of the crude lichen extract corroborated the polyketide biosynthetic pathway via methylphloroacetophenone but not via phloroacetophenone. With usnic acid as an exemplar, we provide proof-of-principle experiments that can be used in general to study metabolic pathways and fluxes in intact lichens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kuhn
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Geisberger
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Beck
- Department of Lichenology and Bryology, Botanische Staatssammlung München, SNSB-BSM, Menzinger Str. 67, Munich, D-80638, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, D-80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keymer A, Pimprikar P, Wewer V, Huber C, Brands M, Bucerius SL, Delaux PM, Klingl V, Röpenack-Lahaye EV, Wang TL, Eisenreich W, Dörmann P, Parniske M, Gutjahr C. Lipid transfer from plants to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. eLife 2017. [PMID: 28726631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29107.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses contribute to global carbon cycles as plant hosts divert up to 20% of photosynthate to the obligate biotrophic fungi. Previous studies suggested carbohydrates as the only form of carbon transferred to the fungi. However, de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis has not been observed in AM fungi in absence of the plant. In a forward genetic approach, we identified two Lotus japonicus mutants defective in AM-specific paralogs of lipid biosynthesis genes (KASI and GPAT6). These mutants perturb fungal development and accumulation of emblematic fungal 16:1ω5 FAs. Using isotopolog profiling we demonstrate that 13C patterns of fungal FAs recapitulate those of wild-type hosts, indicating cross-kingdom lipid transfer from plants to fungi. This transfer of labelled FAs was not observed for the AM-specific lipid biosynthesis mutants. Thus, growth and development of beneficial AM fungi is not only fueled by sugars but depends on lipid transfer from plant hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Keymer
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Priya Pimprikar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Wewer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Biochemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Mathias Brands
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone L Bucerius
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Verena Klingl
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Trevor L Wang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Keymer A, Pimprikar P, Wewer V, Huber C, Brands M, Bucerius SL, Delaux PM, Klingl V, von Röpenack-Lahaye E, Wang TL, Eisenreich W, Dörmann P, Parniske M, Gutjahr C. Lipid transfer from plants to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. eLife 2017; 6:e29107. [PMID: 28726631 PMCID: PMC5559270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses contribute to global carbon cycles as plant hosts divert up to 20% of photosynthate to the obligate biotrophic fungi. Previous studies suggested carbohydrates as the only form of carbon transferred to the fungi. However, de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis has not been observed in AM fungi in absence of the plant. In a forward genetic approach, we identified two Lotus japonicus mutants defective in AM-specific paralogs of lipid biosynthesis genes (KASI and GPAT6). These mutants perturb fungal development and accumulation of emblematic fungal 16:1ω5 FAs. Using isotopolog profiling we demonstrate that 13C patterns of fungal FAs recapitulate those of wild-type hosts, indicating cross-kingdom lipid transfer from plants to fungi. This transfer of labelled FAs was not observed for the AM-specific lipid biosynthesis mutants. Thus, growth and development of beneficial AM fungi is not only fueled by sugars but depends on lipid transfer from plant hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Keymer
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Priya Pimprikar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Wewer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Biochemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Mathias Brands
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone L Bucerius
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Verena Klingl
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Trevor L Wang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|