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Pullara F, Forsmann MC, General IJ, Ayoob JC, Furbee E, Castro SL, Hu X, Greenamyre JT, Di Maio R. NADPH oxidase 2 activity disrupts Calmodulin/CaMKIIα complex via redox modifications of CaMKIIα-contained Cys30 and Cys289: Implications in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103254. [PMID: 38968922 PMCID: PMC11278932 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) signaling in the brain plays a critical role in regulating neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis. Its dysfunctional activity is associated with various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Using computational modeling analysis, we predicted that, two essential cysteine residues contained in CaMKIIα, Cys30 and Cys289, may undergo redox modifications impacting the proper functioning of the CaMKIIα docking site for Ca2+/CaM, thus impeding the formation of the CaMKIIα:Ca2+/CaM complex, essential for a proper modulation of CaMKIIα kinase activity. Our subsequent in vitro investigations confirmed the computational predictions, specifically implicating Cys30 and Cys289 residues in impairing CaMKIIα:Ca2+/CaM interaction. We observed CaMKIIα:Ca2+/CaM complex disruption in dopamine (DA) nigrostriatal neurons of post-mortem Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' specimens, addressing the high relevance of this event in the disease. CaMKIIα:Ca2+/CaM complex disruption was also observed in both in vitro and in vivo rotenone models of PD, where this phenomenon was associated with CaMKIIα kinase hyperactivity. Moreover, we observed that, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), a major enzymatic generator of superoxide anion (O2●-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the brain with implications in PD pathogenesis, is responsible for CaMKIIα:Ca2+/CaM complex disruption associated to a stable Ca2+CAM-independent CaMKIIα kinase activity and intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. The present study highlights the importance of oxidative stress, in disturbing the delicate balance of CaMKIIα signaling in calcium dysregulation, offering novel insights into PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison C Forsmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ignacio J General
- School of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, San Martín, 1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joseph C Ayoob
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Emily Furbee
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sandra L Castro
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Roberto Di Maio
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Ilieva NM, Hoffman EK, Ghalib MA, Greenamyre JT, De Miranda BR. LRRK2 kinase inhibition protects against Parkinson's disease-associated environmental toxicants. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106522. [PMID: 38705492 PMCID: PMC11332574 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is epidemiologically linked with exposure to toxicants such as pesticides and solvents, which comprise a wide array of chemicals that pollute our environment. While most are structurally distinct, a common cellular target for their toxicity is mitochondrial dysfunction, a key pathological trigger involved in the selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons. We and others have shown that environmental mitochondrial toxicants such as the pesticides rotenone and paraquat, and the organic solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) appear to be influenced by the protein LRRK2, a genetic risk factor for PD. As LRRK2 mediates vesicular trafficking and influences endolysosomal function, we postulated that LRRK2 kinase activity may inhibit the autophagic removal of toxicant damaged mitochondria, resulting in elevated oxidative stress. Conversely, we suspected that inhibition of LRRK2, which has been shown to be protective against dopaminergic neurodegeneration caused by mitochondrial toxicants, would reduce the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent mitochondrial toxicity from inducing cell death. To do this, we tested in vitro if genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of LRRK2 (MLi2) protected against ROS caused by four toxicants associated with PD risk - rotenone, paraquat, TCE, and tetrachloroethylene (PERC). In parallel, we assessed if LRRK2 inhibition with MLi2 could protect against TCE-induced toxicity in vivo, in a follow up study from our observation that TCE elevated LRRK2 kinase activity in the nigrostriatal tract of rats prior to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We found that LRRK2 inhibition blocked toxicant-induced ROS and promoted mitophagy in vitro, and protected against dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial damage caused by TCE in vivo. We also found that cells with the LRRK2 G2019S mutation displayed exacerbated levels of toxicant induced ROS, but this was ameliorated by LRRK2 inhibition with MLi2. Collectively, these data support a role for LRRK2 in toxicant-induced mitochondrial dysfunction linked to PD risk through oxidative stress and the autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda M Ilieva
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric K Hoffman
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed A Ghalib
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Briana R De Miranda
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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3
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Komori T, Kuwahara T. An Update on the Interplay between LRRK2, Rab GTPases and Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1645. [PMID: 38002327 PMCID: PMC10669493 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research on the pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases has greatly evolved, revealing potential targets and mechanisms linked to their pathogenesis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is no exception, and recent studies point to the involvement of endolysosomal defects in PD. The endolysosomal system, which tightly controls a flow of endocytosed vesicles targeted either for degradation or recycling, is regulated by a number of Rab GTPases. Their associations with leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a major causative and risk protein of PD, has also been one of the hot topics in the field. Understanding their interactions and functions is critical for unraveling their contribution to PD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent studies on LRRK2 and Rab GTPases and attempt to provide more insight into the interaction of LRRK2 with each Rab and its relationship to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Di Maio R, Keeney MT, Cechova V, Mortimer A, Sekandari A, Rowart P, Greenamyre JT, Freeman BA, Fazzari M. Neuroprotective actions of a fatty acid nitroalkene in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:55. [PMID: 37029127 PMCID: PMC10082007 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To date there are no therapeutic strategies that limit the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms underlying PD-related nigrostriatal neurodegeneration remain incompletely understood, with multiple factors modulating the course of PD pathogenesis. This includes Nrf2-dependent gene expression, oxidative stress, α-synuclein pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. In vitro and sub-acute in vivo rotenone rat models of PD were used to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of a clinically-safe, multi-target metabolic and inflammatory modulator, the electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene 10-nitro-oleic acid (10-NO2-OA). In N27-A dopaminergic cells and in the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats, 10-NO2-OA activated Nrf2-regulated gene expression and inhibited NOX2 and LRRK2 hyperactivation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, α-synuclein modification, and downstream mitochondrial import impairment. These data reveal broad neuroprotective actions of 10-NO2-OA in a sub-acute model of PD and motivate more chronic studies in rodents and primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Matthew T Keeney
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Veronika Cechova
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Amanda Mortimer
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ahssan Sekandari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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5
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Keeney MT, Hoffman EK, Farmer K, Bodle CR, Fazzari M, Zharikov A, Castro SL, Hu X, Mortimer A, Kofler JK, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ, Burton EA, Hastings TG, Greenamyre JT, Di Maio R. NADPH oxidase 2 activity in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105754. [PMID: 35577065 PMCID: PMC9284948 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are strongly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and there is evidence that mitochondrially-generated superoxide can activate NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). Although NOX2 has been examined in the context of PD, most attention has focused on glial NOX2, and the role of neuronal NOX2 in PD remains to be defined. Additionally, pharmacological NOX2 inhibitors have typically lacked specificity. Here we devised and validated a proximity ligation assay for NOX2 activity and demonstrated that in human PD and two animal models thereof, both neuronal and microglial NOX2 are highly active in substantia nigra under chronic conditions. However, in acute and sub-acute PD models, we observed neuronal, but not microglial NOX2 activation, suggesting that neuronal NOX2 may play a primary role in the early stages of the disease. Aberrant NOX2 activity is responsible for the formation of oxidative stress-related post-translational modifications of α-synuclein, and impaired mitochondrial protein import in vitro in primary ventral midbrain neuronal cultures and in vivo in nigrostriatal neurons in rats. In a rat model, administration of a brain-penetrant, highly specific NOX2 inhibitor prevented NOX2 activation in nigrostriatal neurons and its downstream effects in vivo, such as activation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). We conclude that NOX2 is an important enzyme that contributes to progressive oxidative damage which in turn can lead to α-synuclein accumulation, mitochondrial protein import impairment, and LRRK2 activation. In this context, NOX2 inhibitors hold potential as a disease-modifying therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Keeney
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eric K Hoffman
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher R Bodle
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alevtina Zharikov
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sandra L Castro
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Amanda Mortimer
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Julia K Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Edward A Burton
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Teresa G Hastings
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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6
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Fernández B, Chittoor-Vinod VG, Kluss JH, Kelly K, Bryant N, Nguyen APT, Bukhari SA, Smith N, Lara Ordóñez AJ, Fdez E, Chartier-Harlin MC, Montine TJ, Wilson MA, Moore DJ, West AB, Cookson MR, Nichols RJ, Hilfiker S. Evaluation of Current Methods to Detect Cellular Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Kinase Activity. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1423-1447. [PMID: 35599495 PMCID: PMC9398093 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Coding variation in the Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 gene linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD) promotes enhanced activity of the encoded LRRK2 kinase, particularly with respect to autophosphorylation at S1292 and/or phosphorylation of the heterologous substrate RAB10. Objective: To determine the inter-laboratory reliability of measurements of cellular LRRK2 kinase activity in the context of wildtype or mutant LRRK2 expression using published protocols. Methods: Benchmark western blot assessments of phospho-LRRK2 and phospho-RAB10 were performed in parallel with in situ immunological approaches in HEK293T, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Rat brain tissue, with or without adenovirus-mediated LRRK2 expression, and human brain tissues from subjects with or without PD, were also evaluated for LRRK2 kinase activity markers. Results: Western blots were able to detect extracted LRRK2 activity in cells and tissue with pS1292-LRRK2 or pT73-RAB10 antibodies. However, while LRRK2 kinase signal could be detected at the cellular level with over-expressed mutant LRRK2 in cell lines, we were unable to demonstrate specific detection of endogenous cellular LRRK2 activity in cell culture models or tissues that we evaluated. Conclusion: Further development of reliable methods that can be deployed in multiple laboratories to measure endogenous LRRK2 activities are likely required, especially at cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Fernández
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jillian H. Kluss
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaela Kelly
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Bryant
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - An Phu Tran Nguyen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Syed A. Bukhari
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Antonio Jesús Lara Ordóñez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Fdez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Mark A. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Darren J. Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sabine Hilfiker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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7
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Hallacli E, Kayatekin C, Nazeen S, Wang XH, Sheinkopf Z, Sathyakumar S, Sarkar S, Jiang X, Dong X, Di Maio R, Wang W, Keeney MT, Felsky D, Sandoe J, Vahdatshoar A, Udeshi ND, Mani DR, Carr SA, Lindquist S, De Jager PL, Bartel DP, Myers CL, Greenamyre JT, Feany MB, Sunyaev SR, Chung CY, Khurana V. The Parkinson's disease protein alpha-synuclein is a modulator of processing bodies and mRNA stability. Cell 2022; 185:2035-2056.e33. [PMID: 35688132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αS) is a conformationally plastic protein that reversibly binds to cellular membranes. It aggregates and is genetically linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we show that αS directly modulates processing bodies (P-bodies), membraneless organelles that function in mRNA turnover and storage. The N terminus of αS, but not other synucleins, dictates mutually exclusive binding either to cellular membranes or to P-bodies in the cytosol. αS associates with multiple decapping proteins in close proximity on the Edc4 scaffold. As αS pathologically accumulates, aberrant interaction with Edc4 occurs at the expense of physiologic decapping-module interactions. mRNA decay kinetics within PD-relevant pathways are correspondingly disrupted in PD patient neurons and brain. Genetic modulation of P-body components alters αS toxicity, and human genetic analysis lends support to the disease-relevance of these interactions. Beyond revealing an unexpected aspect of αS function and pathology, our data highlight the versatility of conformationally plastic proteins with high intrinsic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinc Hallacli
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Can Kayatekin
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sumaiya Nazeen
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiou H Wang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zoe Sheinkopf
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shubhangi Sathyakumar
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Jiang
- Yumanity Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Xianjun Dong
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Matthew T Keeney
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Jackson Sandoe
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aazam Vahdatshoar
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David P Bartel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mel B Feany
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Vikram Khurana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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