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Sahu R, Shah K, Malviya R, Paliwal D, Sagar S, Singh S, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S. E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Update on Cancer Potential. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:516-531. [PMID: 37987300 PMCID: PMC10660480 DOI: 10.3390/arm91060038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The potential cancer risk associated with electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette) use is ongoing and remains a subject of debate. E-Cigarettes work by heating a liquid that usually contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. When the liquid is heated, users inhale an aerosol into their lungs. While e-cigarettes are generally considered less harmful than traditional tobacco products, they still contain potentially harmful chemicals, which can damage DNA and lead to cancer. Several studies have investigated the potential cancer risk associated with e-cigarette use, while other studies have suggested that e-cigarette aerosol may contain carcinogenic chemicals that could increase the risk of lung and bladder cancer in humans. However, these studies are limited in their scope and do not provide conclusive evidence. Overall, the long-term cancer risk associated with e-cigarette use remains uncertain, more research is needed to fully understand the potential risks and benefits of e-cigarettes. However, this review will allow the investigator to get more recent updates about e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (R.M.); (D.P.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Kamal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (R.M.); (D.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Deepika Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (R.M.); (D.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sakshi Sagar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (R.M.); (D.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva 384012, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-Be University, Shirpur 425405, India;
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Jirjees F, Dallal Bashi YH, Kharaba Z, Ahmadi K, Barakat M, AlObaidi H. Public awareness, prevalence, and regulations for the sale of electronic cigarettes in Arab countries: A narrative review. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:143. [PMID: 37901882 PMCID: PMC10603825 DOI: 10.18332/tid/168435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the Arab countries have high records of daily tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use has exponentially increased in the past decade in Arab countries. Consumers' willingness to quit smoking traditional cigarettes and their perception of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes have increased the demand for these devices. This narrative review aimed to gather and discuss the available literature on the awareness, prevalence, and sales regulations of e-cigarettes in Arab countries. A search was conducted on electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar with no time limits until the end of 2021. Some of the recent studies (2019-2021) considered in this review have reported that more than 25% of participants were e-cigarettes users. The prevalence of e-cigarettes has increased drastically with raised awareness of e-cigarettes among the population in these Arab countries. Most of the users of e-cigarettes are young males. In addition, an increase in e-cigarettes use has been reported in females. The policies which regulate trade and sale of e-cigarettes and related products were issued in only three Arab countries. In contrast, regulations for the trade and sale of traditional cigarette products are also applied in some countries to e-cigarette products, banning the sale of e-cigarettes to minors and/or amend smoke-free laws to restrict public use of e-cigarettes. There is a need for a concerted effort to assess the prevalence and significant rise of e-cigarettes consumption in Arab societies to help implement and improve harm reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Jirjees
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zelal Kharaba
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Keivan Ahmadi
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala AlObaidi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Natto ZS. Assessing knowledge of herbal medicine course for dental students. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:319. [PMID: 36463124 PMCID: PMC9719615 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this article are to assess dental students' knowledge about herbal medicine usage and the potential benefits and side effects, and to conduct a short course about herbal medicine. METHODS All fourth-year pre-doctoral students were invited to participate in a herbal medicine course as a test while the sixth-year students were the control group. A survey was tested for validity and reliability. It comprised of 16 multiple choice questions was given before the course and one month after the course. The sum score of knowledge for each participant was calcuated based on the ability to identify the use of herbs in dentistry with high-quality evidence (correct answer) or total answer for periodontal disease and caries. RESULTS The response rate for completing the study was 112 fourth-year students (73.7%) and 64 sixth-year students (39.0%). More than half of the participants (52.5%) were unsure about the importance of herbal medicine in dentistry. However, the majority also stated that the most common herbs used in dentistry were clove (62.9%), followed by curcuma turmeric (54.7%) and meswak (43.0%). The fourth-year students displayed evidence of a higher overall knowledge score after the course in herbal medicine related to periodontal disease in total and correct answers (mean 4.48 ± 4.13, 3.73 ± 3.31, respectively) compared to before the course (mean 0.84 ± 1.23, 0.74 ± 1.16, respectively) (p-value < 0.001). The post-course periodontal disease total and correct answers were statistically significant between fourth- and sixth-year students. CONCLUSION Herbal medicine has a potential positive impact on dentistry. However, these effects are not fully investigated and received full attention in academic institute. This short educational program related to medicinal herbs can improve the knowledge of dental students. This will help increase the awareness about the use and potential side effects of herbal medicine in the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair S. Natto
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, MA Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard University School of Dental medicine, MA Boston, USA
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Knowledge, beliefs, attitude, and practices of E-cigarette use among dental students: A multinational survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276191. [PMID: 36301839 PMCID: PMC9612543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background E-cigarette use is a trend worldwide nowadays with mounting evidence on associated morbidities and mortality. Dentists can modify the smoking behaviors of their patients. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, beliefs, attitude, and practice of E-cigarette use among dental students. Materials and methods This multinational, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study recruited undergraduate dental students from 20 dental schools in 11 countries. The outcome variable was current smoking status (non-smoker, E-cigarette user only, tobacco cigarette smoker only, dual user). The explanatory variables were country of residence, sex, age, marital status, and educational level. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the explanatory variables associated with E-cigarette smoking. Results Of the 5697 study participants, 5156 (90.8%) had heard about E-cigarette, and social media was the most reported source of information for 33.2% of the participants. For the 5676 current users of E-cigarette and/or tobacco smoking, 4.5% use E-cigarette, and 4.6% were dual users. There were significant associations between knowledge and country (P< 0.05), educational level (B = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21; P = 0.016) and smoking status (P< 0.05). The country of residence (P< 0.05) and smoking status (P< 0.05) were the only statistically significant factors associated with current smoking status. Similarly, there were statistically significant associations between attitude and country (P< 0.05 for one country only compared to the reference) and history of previous E-cigarette exposure (B = -0.52; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.13; P = 0.009). Also, the practice of E-cigarettes was significantly associated with country (P< 0.05 for two countries only compared to the reference) and gender (B = -0.33; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.13; P = 0.001). Conclusion The knowledge of dental students about E-cigarette was unsatisfactory, yet their beliefs and attitudes were acceptable. Topics about E-cigarette should be implemented in the dental curriculum.
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Alsanea S, Alrabiah Z, Samreen S, Syed W, Bin Khunayn RM, Al-Arifi NM, Alenazi M, Alghadeer S, Alhossan A, Alwhaibi A, Al-Arifi MN. Prevalence, knowledge and attitude toward electronic cigarette use among male health colleges students in Saudi Arabia-A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:827089. [PMID: 36276346 PMCID: PMC9580394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.827089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Health care professionals have an important role in increasing awareness about smoking harms and serving as role models. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude and perception toward electronic cigarettes (ECs) as well as prevalence of ECs use among male health colleges students. Method This is a cross-sectional survey-based study conducted among students in the male campus of five different health colleges over a 4-month period from February 2020 to May 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the knowledge, perception and attitude, and inferential testing was used to evaluate the association of different participant's variables and knowledge toward ECs usage using SPSS. Results A total of 333 students were included in the analysis. Most of students (n = 205; 61.6%) had never used ECs, while 22.8 and 15.6% used them for recreational and smoking cessation purposes, respectively. Focusing on ECs users from each college individually, medical students had the highest prevalence followed by dental, pharmacy and nursing students (47.4, 40.7, 34.5, and 32%, respectively). Many students had misconceptions and a low level of knowledge about ECs, such as recognizing them as smoking-cessation tools and not knowing whether toxic and carcinogenic components levels in ECs are similar to conventional cigarettes, respectively. Medical students had significantly higher knowledge compared to dental students [3 (2) vs. 2 (1); p = 0.033]. Moreover, smokers were less knowledgeable than non-smokers [2.5 (1) vs. 2.1 (1), p = 0.027]. At least 62.8% of students perceived using ECs as a fashionable alternative smoking method and 59.2% believed that they may become a gateway for smoking addiction. Only 120 (36.0%) health colleges students were confidently able to advise smokers regarding ECs. Conclusion Our study highlights an increased trend of ECs use accompanied with insufficient knowledge and several misconceptions about ECs among health colleges students. This was associated with a negative influence on their attitude toward ECs use, which would potentially lead to negative consequences on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Alrabiah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Samreen
- Volunteer Researcher, Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC), Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan M. Bin Khunayn
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Miteb Alenazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alghadeer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhossan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
| | - Mohamed N. Al-Arifi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Natto ZS, Olwi A, Abduljawad F. A comparison of the horizontal and vertical bitewing images in detecting approximal caries and interdental bone loss in posterior teeth: A diagnostic accuracy randomized cross over clinical trial. J Dent Sci 2022; 18:645-651. [PMID: 37021254 PMCID: PMC10068384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Horizontal bitewing radiographs are widely and frequently used in dentistry and are very reliable in diagnosing proximal caries and interproximal alveolar bone level. However, it is challengeable in detecting interproximal root caries, horizontal and/or vertical alveolar bone loss, and furcation involvements. The aim of this article was to assess the accuracy of vertical bitewing images in the diagnosis of caries and alveolar bone level compared to the horizontal bitewing technique. Materials and methods Each one of the 20 patients had eight bitewing radiographs to get four horizontal bitewing (control) and four vertical bitewing (experimental) images for the same posterior area; a steel wire (3 mm) was used on the sensor plate to help measure the magnification later on. The radiographs were processed digitally and were evaluated for caries by two expert restorative specialists and for bone loss by two experienced periodontists. They were also compared to the "gold standard," which is using of both clinical and radiographic examination for diagnosis. They were blinded to each other during images evaluation. Results Of the 20-patient sample size, 70% were male and 30% were female, with a mean age of 29.9. The average number of radiographs taken to achieve four standard bitewing radiographs was 5.9 ± 1.7 for vertical bitewings and 5.3 ± 1.3 for horizontal bitewing radiograph. The measurements from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the level of crestal bone didn't show a significant difference between the horizontal and vertical bitewing radiographs. The detection of furcation area in the molar teeth was much higher in the vertical bitewing (100%) compared to the horizontal bitewing (57.5%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The vertical bitewing radiograph has the upper hand over the horizontal bitewing radiograph in the detection of furcation involvement, caries detection, and alveolar bone loss. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use vertical bitewing in caries and patients with periodontal disease rather than the conventional horizontal bitewing.
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Natto ZS, Bakhrebah MA, Afeef M, Al-Harbi S, Nassar MS, Alhetheel AF, Ashi H. The short-term effect of different chlorhexidine forms versus povidone iodine mouth rinse in minimizing the oral SARS-CoV-2 viral load: An open label randomized controlled clinical trial study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28925. [PMID: 35905275 PMCID: PMC9333084 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigations evaluated the possibility of different types of mouth wash rinse in minimizing the SARS-CoV-2 load. However, results still controversial. The study aim is to assess the short-term efficiency of several over-the-counter mouth rinses and lozenges in minimizing the salivary viral load for SARS-CoV-2 in patients with confirmed COVID-19 in comparison to saline. This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with 4 arms. The recruited cases were randomized using a simple randomization technique and were assigned to chlorhexidine digluconate mouth rinse (CHX mouth rinse), 2 mg of chlorhexidine digluconate lozenges (CHX lozenges), povidone iodine mouth rinse (PVP-I mouth rinse) or saline as a control group. Saliva were collected from all study subjects by passive drool technique at two time points. First, prior to intervention with mouth rinse or the lozenges, the baseline saliva sample was collected. Second saliva samples were collected immediately after the mouth rinse. Real time PCR was conducted and the value threshold cycle (Ct) for each sample was recorded. Majority of the participants had an education level of high school or less (60%), were married (68.3), males (58.3%), and non-smokers (58.5%). No statistically significant differences between groups at the two times test (P > .05). However, a significant decrease of salivary viral load in all four groups combined (P-value for E genes = .027, and for S genes = .006), and in PVP-I mouth rinse specifically (P = .003 and P = .045, respectively). Povidone iodine mouth rinse showed a potential influence on the reduction of the viral load on a short-term basis. However, longer-term studies of the effect of these products should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair S. Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Zuhair S. Natto, Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
| | - Muhammed A. Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwah Afeef
- Study and Research Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiah Al-Harbi
- Intensive Care Unit, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim F. Alhetheel
- King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Althobaiti NK, Mahfouz MEM. Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Use in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e25731. [PMID: 35812546 PMCID: PMC9262416 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) was aggressively promoted as a healthier alternative to tobacco smoking. Despite the fact that e-cigarettes gained popularity among youth and young adults, there are no national data assessing the prevalence of e-cigarette use in Saudi Arabia. Objective: The present study aims at establishing the prevalence and correlates of electronic cigarette use among adults in Saudi Arabia. Design and setting: A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of using electronic cigarettes in Saudi Arabia through a self-administered questionnaire. The data collected from the questionnaire were focusing on socio-demographic data as well as information on the type of smoking that adults are using. Data were represented in terms of frequencies and valid percentages for categorical variables. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 3374 participants responded to this questionnaire. Around 26% of this cohort have tried electronic cigarettes at least once in their lives. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference (p value <0.001) in using smokeless tobacco, where e-cigarette smokers had higher incidence of smokeless tobacco smoking. Also, e-cigarette smokers had significantly higher (p value=0.002) frequency of smoking tobacco. Moreover, e-cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males (p value <0.001), with higher educational levels (p value <0.001) and age group between 18 and 24 years old. Conclusion: Electronic cigarette use is more common among young adults and those who have previously tried tobacco smoking. Other randomized studies are urgent to explore the extent of harmful effects of electronic cigarettes smoking (e-smoking) in the Kingdom.
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Babjaková J, Rimárová K, Weitzman M, Bušová M, Jurkovičová J, Dorko E, Argalášová Ľ. E-cigarette use, opinion about harmfulness and addiction among university students in Bratislava, Slovakia. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 30:S50-S56. [PMID: 35841226 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the use of electronic cigarettes (EC) among medical students, their knowledge and beliefs (opinion about harmfulness and addiction potential) on ECs, perceptions of the risk, as well as to assess the type of education and cessation training they received during their study at Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. METHODS This cross-sectional, anonymous online e-mailed survey was conducted among medical students via the Study Department by sending e-mails containing the survey link. Participants completed the online questionnaire adapted from the American Survey on Tobacco and Alternative Tobacco Products. It included questions about the personal use of EC, perceptions about the harms and their role in disease causation, education and cessation training, and practices related to conventional cigarettes (CC), EC, and alternative tobacco products (ATP). The e-mailed questionnaire filled in 577 medical students (71.9% women) from Comenius University in Bratislava, the average age was 23 ± 2 years. The sample comprised 486 (84.2%) Slovak and 91 (15.8%) foreign students. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. RESULTS There were 385 (66.7%) non-smokers, 111 (19.3%) ex-smokers and 81 (14%) current smokers in the study sample. EC currently use 13.5% of medical students, with a statistically significant intersexual difference (22.2% males vs. 10.12% females; OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.55-4.13), more foreign students than Slovak students (24.2% vs. 11.52%; OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.41-4.26), more smokers of conventional cigarettes than non-smokers (46.9% vs. 8.06%; OR = 10.07, 95% CI: 5.85-17.34). EC seems to be less harmful to 59.97% of students, mostly in the age group ≤ 24 (61.76% vs. 51.49%; OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03-2.07), 41.25% of students consider EC to be less addictive, 55.6% think they do not get enough education on EC during their medical study. CONCLUSION The results overall show the high consumption of tobacco products and the lack of knowledge and awareness among medical students, future health care providers. In health promotion and disease prevention, they should serve as a model for their patients and for the general public as well. Our study emphasizes the need for intervention in this field at medical faculties and for support of further monitoring in Slovakia and other countries and draws attention to the ongoing lack of EC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Babjaková
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Kvetoslava Rimárová
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Milena Bušová
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jurkovičová
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Erik Dorko
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubica Argalášová
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Babeer WA, Bakhsh ZT, Natto ZS. The perception of smile attractiveness to altered vertical position of maxillary anteriors by various groups. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28660. [PMID: 35244035 PMCID: PMC8896490 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a gap in research about the differences in smile attractiveness. The problem the study addresses is how the vertical canine and incisor position affect smile attractiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of the smile attractiveness between Saudi laypersons, orthodontists, non-orthodontist, and various dental students levels, and to determine how the canine and incisor vertical positions affect the attractiveness of smile. The study is a cross-sectional survey and was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Six groups of subjects participated in the study: Orthodontic residents (n = 31), prosthodontic, restorative, periodontics specialties residents specialties residents (n = 30), interns (n = 31), fifth year students (n = 41), 6th year students (n = 39), and laypeople (n = 39). Participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of a smile of a female subject photographed using a Minolta DiMage 7i digital camera. The image had been manipulated to produce 2 sets of images; 1 to modify the incisors and 1 to change the canines. The subjects were asked to choose the most and least attractive picture. For the best incisor positions, only the laypeople and prosthodontics liked the original picture, the rest liked +0.5 mm which accentuate the smile curve and make it follow the lower lip line. For the worst incisor position, all groups did not prefer the minus 1.5 reversed smile. For the best canine vertical position, all groups preferred the original position where canine was at the level of the incisal plane. For the worst canine position, they all disliked the minus 1.5 reversed smile. Results confirmed past findings that orthodontists are in general more critical about smile attractiveness than laypersons, but just like other dental specialists. The findings can be used in the esthetic dentistry field, but further research on the study population based on other dental design parameters remain necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A. Babeer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zuhair S. Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Fang J, Ren J, Ren L, Max W, Yao T, Zhao F. Electronic cigarette knowledge, attitudes and use among
students at a university in Hangzhou, China. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:09. [PMID: 35125992 PMCID: PMC8796848 DOI: 10.18332/tid/144230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes are increasingly popular worldwide, especially among youth. There is growing evidence of the negative health consequences of vaping. Our objective was to assess university students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), their use, as well as the associated influencing factors for their use. METHODS The study involved an online cross-sectional survey conducted between November 2019 and March 2020 in a university in Hangzhou, China. A total of 563 students completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to assess characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes; t-tests, χ2-tests and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with ever e-cigarette use. RESULTS In all, 59.9% of respondents were female and the average age was 20.38 years (SD=1.32). Only 42.6% of the respondents thought that e-cigarettes contain nicotine, 31.1% thought e-cigarettes are tobacco products, and 8.2% of the students reported being ever e-cigarettes users. In regard to attitude, the average score of the students in the Safety dimension was 3.34 (SD=0.64), followed by the Restriction dimension (Mean=2.66, SD=0.83). Correlates of ever use included regions, friends’ and roommates’ ever e-cigarette use, and higher attitude score in the Supervision dimension. CONCLUSIONS The university students’ level of knowledge regarding e-cigarettes was not high, and their attitudes regarding e-cigarettes were not that supportive. Students’ ever use of e-cigarettes at a university in Hangzhou was higher than for university students in other cities in China, but lower than for those in foreign countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Ren
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixian Ren
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wendy Max
- Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Tingting Yao
- Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Falin Zhao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Alhajj MN, Al-Maweri SA, Folayan MO, Halboub E, Khader Y, Omar R, Amran AG, Al-Batayneh OB, Celebić A, Persic S, Kocaelli H, Suleyman F, Alkheraif AA, Divakar DD, Mufadhal AA, Al-Wesabi MA, Alhajj WA, Aldumaini MA, Khan S, Al-Dhelai TA, Alqahtani AS, Murad AH, Makzoumé JE, Kohli S, Ziyad TA. Oral health practices and self-reported adverse effects of E-cigarette use among dental students in 11 countries: an online survey. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 35081945 PMCID: PMC8793181 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES E-cigarette use has become popular, particularly among the youth. Its use is associated with harmful general and oral health consequences. This survey aimed to assess self-reported oral hygiene practices, oral and general health events, and changes in physiological functions (including physical status, smell, taste, breathing, appetite, etc.) due to E-cigarette use among dental students. METHODS This online, multicounty survey involved undergraduate dental students from 20 dental schools across 11 different countries. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, E-cigarette practices, self-reported complaints, and associated physiological changes due to E-cigarette smoking. Data were descriptively presented as frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to assess the potential associations between the study group and sub-groups with the different factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS at P < 0.05. RESULTS Most respondents reported regular brushing of their teeth, whereas only 70% used additional oral hygiene aids. Reported frequencies of complaints ranged from as low as 3.3% for tongue inflammation to as high as 53.3% for headache, with significant differences between E-cigarette users and non-users. Compared to non-smokers, E-cigarette users reported significantly higher prevalence of dry mouth (33.1% vs. 23.4%; P < 0.001), black tongue (5.9% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.002), and heart palpitation (26.3%% vs. 22.8%; P = 0.001). Although two-thirds of the sample reported no change in their physiological functions, E-cigarette users reported significant improvement in their physiological functions compared to never smokers or tobacco users. CONCLUSION Dental students showed good oral hygiene practices, but E-cigarette users showed a higher prevalence of health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ridwaan Omar
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah G Amran
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Asja Celebić
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine and Clinical Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Persic
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine and Clinical Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Humeyra Kocaelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Firas Suleyman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, İIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulaziz A Alkheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan D Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulbaset A Mufadhal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed A Al-Wesabi
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Wadhah A Alhajj
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Civilization University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mokhtar A Aldumaini
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibb, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Saadika Khan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thiyezen A Al-Dhelai
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibb, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Shaher Alqahtani
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Murad
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniya, Iraq
| | - Joseph E Makzoumé
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shivani Kohli
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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AlRowis R, Aldawood A, AlOtaibi M, Alnasser E, AlSaif I, Aljaber A, Natto Z. Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): A Review of Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Preventive Measures and Treatment Strategies. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:202-210. [PMID: 35935720 PMCID: PMC9346931 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a major problem that can occur in people taking certain medications such bisphosphonates and denosumab. It can be used to treat osteoporosis or cancer. Bisphosphonate exposure, dental diseases and procedures, age, sex, anatomical factors, medical issues, and hereditary factors are all variables that enhance the risk of MRONJ. Even though MRONJ and antiresorptive medications have a close association, the pathophysiology of MRONJ is unknown. Careful dental preparation and oral hygiene instructions significantly minimize the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). It is ideal to start antiresorptive treatment after the completion of required dental treatment; it is not contraindicated and carries low risk in patients who are on oral antiresorptive medications for less than three years. Drug holidays are one proposed solution to address MRONJ. However, there is still inadequate evidence to support their effectiveness. The objectives of this literature review are to recognize the main diagnostic principles and risk factors and to review the pathophysiology, protective procedures and treatment modalities related to MRONJ. The following topics are covered in the review: epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, pathogenesis and mechanism, MRONJ staging and symptoms, clinical and radiographic findings, treatment strategies, prevention and drug holiday.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed AlRowis
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Essam Alnasser
- Intern. College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim AlSaif
- Intern. College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljaber
- Intern. College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Natto ZS, Afeef M, Khalil D, Kutubaldin D, Dehaithem M, Alzahrani A, Ashi H. Characteristics of Oral Manifestations in Symptomatic Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Sample of the Saudi Population. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9547-9553. [PMID: 34916836 PMCID: PMC8670857 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s331611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Few case reports and letters to the editor have been published regarding oral signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients. The aim of the study therefore is to investigate different types of oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients as well as their prevalence. Patients and Methods The study is a cross-sectional study from a single medical center. A convenience sample was taken from all patients who were COVID-19 confirmed, symptomatic, and non-hospitalized. Demographic information, medical and travel history, general symptoms, and clinical examination results of the oral cavity were collected. Results This study included a total of 109 patients. Loss of taste was the most common oral manifestation of COVID-19 (43.4%), followed by erythema/desquamated gingivitis and coated tongue (7.3% each) and ulcers/blisters (6.4%). Loss of taste was the only symptom persisting for 10 days. Oral manifestations appeared as a single symptom (79.3%), and dorsum of tongue was the most common oral location (72.4%). Conclusion Loss of taste was the most prevalent specific reported oral manifestation. Other nonspecific oral lesions/symptoms are controversial. It has been suggested that oral examinations of COVID-19 patients should be conducted as part of routine examinations to investigate any possible correlation between the disease and the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwah Afeef
- Study & Research Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Khalil
- Transformation & Planning Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Specialized Dental Center, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Kutubaldin
- Specialized Dental Center, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Dehaithem
- Specialized Dental Center, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alzahrani
- Specialized Dental Center, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Natto ZS, Alshehri MM, Alghamdi FK. Infection Control Practices at the Dental Clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2951-2957. [PMID: 34720586 PMCID: PMC8550542 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s330567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this study were to determine the rate of compliance of infection control and estimate the incidence of COVID-19 in dental clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This is an ecological correlational study of randomly sampled dental clinics in the city of Jeddah. The 32-question survey used in the study was constructed based on the infection control guidelines/protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic released by the ADA, CDC, and SMOH. A sample of clinics from a dental clinic list in Jeddah city, using a simple random technique. Results Fifty-three dental clinics consented to participate in our study, while ten refused. Most of the dental clinics checked their patients’ temperature (30.2%) and strictly required them to wear a surgical mask before entering the clinic (58.5%). Glove, gown, and face mask were the most common methods of infection control used during all dental procedures (98.1%, 96.2%, and 94.3%, respectively). Moreover, the incidence of COVID-19 was the highest among receptions/security (18.70%), followed by nurses (14.3%) and dentists (11.79%). Conclusion As the incidence of COVID-19 among dental staff will continue to increase in the future, it is highly recommended that infection control guidelines are followed in all dental clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Muslih Alshehri
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Khalid Alghamdi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Afeef M, Felemban N, Alhazmi N, Natto ZS. Factors associated with a late visit to dentists by children: A cross-sectional community-based study in Saudi Arabia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:513-520. [PMID: 34408608 PMCID: PMC8348556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This cross-sectional study aims to determine children's age at their first visit to dentists and factors associated with these visits. Methods This cross-sectional community survey-based study was conducted in 2019 during the events of the 10th Gulf Oral Health Week in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All participants including visitors and dentists, with current or previous experience in caring for children aged six months to ten years, provided their consents for the study. Results Among the visitors, 348 participated in the survey. Most children, aged three to ten years, first visited the dentist with complaints of pain and dental cavities. The risk of a late visit to the dentist increased (OR: 2.28; CI 95%: 1.01–5.14) among caregivers who did not help their children brush their teeth. Using the Internet for accessing health information negatively impacted the visits (OR: 27.00; CI 95% 1.26–57.35). While employed mothers took their children to the dentist at an earlier age (OR: 2.284; CI 95% 1.08–4.79), early visits were mostly missed by mothers with smaller families (OR: 0.043; CI 95% 0.48–0.98). Conclusion The results of our study show that the caregiver's attitude, source of health information, employment, age, and number of children are risk factors associated with late visits to dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Afeef
- Study & Research Department, King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, KSA
- Corresponding address: King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, KSA.
| | | | - Noha Alhazmi
- Department of Oral & Preventive Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Zuhair S. Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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17
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Natto ZS, Alshaeri HK. Characteristics of First Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Effort to Prevent the Early Spread of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:315-321. [PMID: 33531849 PMCID: PMC7847413 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s278394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the overall trends in early cases of COVID-19 and to identify the key points of the government effort to minimize the infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review and data were retrieved through online sources and the Saudi Ministry of Health daily announcements that were available online. The data included the number of infections per day, and the gender, nationality, location, source of infection, incidence, rate of recovery, and the rate mortality of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia between March 1 and March 16, 2020. RESULTS The incidence of COVID-19 increased in the first two weeks in Saudi Arabia, from zero cases on March 1 to more than 15 cases per day on March 16, with a total of 133 cases. The majority of patients were males (54.9%), of Saudi descent (54.9%), and had travel as their source of infection (57.1%). Most of the cases were in Makah (37.6%); however, there were increases in cases in all cities. Moreover, the Saudi government enacted several steps to minimize the spreading of infection. There was no statistical significance between source of infection with gender (p = 0.323). However, there was statistical significance between source of infection and nationality (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The incidence of COVID-19 cases is expected to continue to increase. However, the efforts of the Saudi government are crucial in minimizing the spread of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba K Alshaeri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah21499, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Sabbagh HJ, Khogeer LN, Hassan MHA, Allaf HK. Parental Knowledge and Attitude Regarding E-Cigarette Use in Saudi Arabia and the Effect of Parental Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:1195-1205. [PMID: 32884380 PMCID: PMC7443406 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s253749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION E-cigarette use has been on the rise among children and adolescents. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the health hazards and laws regarding e-cigarette use among parents in Saudi Arabia. In addition, we evaluated the effect of parental smoking on parent's knowledge. METHODS This study was conducted with parents of children below 18 years of age in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Jeddah was divided into four areas (north, south, east, and west) and in each area, the largest shopping mall was selected. Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Out of 1386 parents, 61.7% were smokers, 13.3% reported that their children used e-cigarettes, and 73.6% did not discuss e-cigarette use with their children. In total, 77.3% of parents thought it was important to be educated about e-cigarette use. However, their ability to discuss e-cigarette use with their children was 13.9% lower than their ability to discuss regular cigarette smoking with their children. Parents who were smokers were more accepting of their children using e-cigarettes (P<0.0001). Mothers who smoked were more accepting than fathers of their children using e-cigarettes (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Parents reported a lack of knowledge and attitudes regarding e-cigarette use. Parental smoking, especially among mothers, was statistically significantly related to their e-cigarette use knowledge and attitudes. Parents agreed that it was important to educate parents regarding e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mona Hassan Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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19
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Helmi M, Goodson JM, Hasturk H, Natto ZS. Annual alveolar bone loss in subjects with cardiovascular disease adjusting for associated systemic diseases and risk factors: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:28. [PMID: 32000769 PMCID: PMC6993352 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To detect annual alveolar bone loss in subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) adjusting for associated systemic diseases and risk factors. Methods A total number of 132 subjects that reported having CVD from 2008 to 2015 (N = 132). For longitudinal data analysis, 58 subjects eligible for inclusion with at least two exposures of complete mouth set or repeated BW radiographs with at least one-year interval compared with a control group. Alveolar bone level on mesial and distal sites of posterior teeth was measured on bitewing (BW) radiographs available in the electronic health records of each subject. Results Subjects who reported having cardiovascular diseases experienced higher annual mean alveolar bone loss (0.062 mm per year) compared to Subjects with no cardiovascular diseases (0.022 mm per year). Conclusion Subjects who have reported CVD had higher rate of annual bone loss compared to subjects who did not have any CVD. This observation indicates that targeting high-risk individuals for risk assessment is fundamental to provide the best healthcare possible to those who are the most in need. Periodic examination and assessment of periodontal health is an essential key factor for better oral health, however, it has to be more emphasized and prioritized for individuals that are more prone to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Helmi
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Max Goodson
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.BOX 40311, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Reddy MS. 2020: A new inflection point. J Dent Educ 2020; 84:3-4. [PMID: 31909829 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Reddy
- Univesity of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
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