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Chen H, You R, Guo J, Zhou W, Chew G, Devapragash N, Loh JZ, Gesualdo L, Li Y, Jiang Y, Tan ELS, Chen S, Pontrelli P, Pesce F, Behmoaras J, Zhang A, Petretto E. WWP2 Regulates Renal Fibrosis and the Metabolic Reprogramming of Profibrotic Myofibroblasts. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:696-718. [PMID: 38502123 PMCID: PMC11164121 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points WWP2 expression is elevated in the tubulointerstitium of fibrotic kidneys and contributes to CKD pathogenesis and progression. WWP2 uncouples the profibrotic activation and cell proliferation in renal myofibroblasts. WWP2 controls mitochondrial respiration in renal myofibroblasts through the metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha. Background Renal fibrosis is a common pathologic end point in CKD that is challenging to reverse, and myofibroblasts are responsible for the accumulation of a fibrillar collagen–rich extracellular matrix. Recent studies have unveiled myofibroblasts' diversity in proliferative and fibrotic characteristics, which are linked to different metabolic states. We previously demonstrated the regulation of extracellular matrix genes and tissue fibrosis by WWP2, a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase. Here, we investigate WWP2 in renal fibrosis and in the metabolic reprograming of myofibroblasts in CKD. Methods We used kidney samples from patients with CKD and WWP2 -null kidney disease mice models and leveraged single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to detail the cell-specific regulation of WWP2 in fibrotic kidneys. Experiments in primary cultured myofibroblasts by bulk-RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, metabolomics, and cellular metabolism assays were used to study the metabolic regulation of WWP2 and its downstream signaling. Results The tubulointerstitial expression of WWP2 was associated with fibrotic progression in patients with CKD and in murine kidney disease models. WWP2 deficiency promoted myofibroblast proliferation and halted profibrotic activation, reducing the severity of renal fibrosis in vivo . In renal myofibroblasts, WWP2 deficiency increased fatty acid oxidation and activated the pentose phosphate pathway, boosting mitochondrial respiration at the expense of glycolysis. WWP2 suppressed the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a metabolic mediator of fibrotic response, and pharmacologic inhibition of PGC-1α partially abrogated the protective effects of WWP2 deficiency on myofibroblasts. Conclusions WWP2 regulates the metabolic reprogramming of profibrotic myofibroblasts by a WWP2-PGC-1α axis, and WWP2 deficiency protects against renal fibrosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ran You
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gabriel Chew
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nithya Devapragash
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jui Zhi Loh
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Yanwei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuteng Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Elisabeth Li Sa Tan
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Science, Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Division of Renal Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina—Gemelli Isola, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- School of Science, Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Rudman-Melnick V, Vanhoutte D, Stowers K, Sargent M, Adam M, Ma Q, Perl AKT, Miethke AG, Burg A, Shi T, Hildeman DA, Woodle ESS, Kofron JM, Devarajan P. Gucy1α1 specifically marks kidney, heart, lung and liver fibroblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594404. [PMID: 38798483 PMCID: PMC11118280 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common outcome of numerous pathologies, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), a progressive renal function deterioration. Current approaches to target activated fibroblasts, key effector contributors to fibrotic tissue remodeling, lack specificity. Here, we report Gucy1α1 as a specific kidney fibroblast marker. Gucy1α1 levels significantly increased over the course of two clinically relevant murine CKD models and directly correlated with established fibrosis markers. Immunofluorescent (IF) imaging showed that Gucy1α1 comprehensively labelled cortical and medullary quiescent and activated fibroblasts in the control kidney and throughout injury progression, respectively. Unlike traditionally used markers platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (Pdgfrβ) and vimentin (Vim), Gucy1α1 did not overlap with off-target populations such as podocytes. Notably, Gucy1α1 labelled kidney fibroblasts in both male and female mice. Furthermore, we observed elevated GUCY1α1 expression in the human fibrotic kidney and lung. Studies in the murine models of cardiac and liver fibrosis revealed Gucy1α1 elevation in activated Pdgfrβ-, Vim- and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSma)-expressing fibroblasts paralleling injury progression and resolution. Overall, we demonstrate Gucy1α1 as an exclusive fibroblast marker in both sexes. Due to its multiorgan translational potential, GUCY1α1 might provide a novel promising strategy to specifically target and mechanistically examine fibroblasts.
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Takahashi H, Inoue A, Tanaka T, Sato Y, Potretzke TA, Masuoka S, Takahashi N, Minami M, Kawashima A. Imaging of Perirenal and Intrarenal Lymphatic Vessels: Anatomy-based Approach. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230065. [PMID: 38386603 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system (or lymphatics) consists of lymphoid organs and lymphatic vessels. Despite the numerous previously published studies describing conditions related to perirenal and intrarenal lymphoid organs in the radiology literature, the radiologic findings of conditions related to intrarenal and perirenal lymphatic vessels have been scarcely reported. In the renal cortex, interlobular lymphatic capillaries do not have valves; therefore, lymph can travel along the primary route toward the hilum, as well as toward the capsular lymphatic plexus. These two lymphatic pathways can be opacified by contrast medium via pyelolymphatic backflow at CT urography, which reflects urinary contrast agent leakage into perirenal lymphatic vessels via forniceal rupture. Pyelolymphatic backflow toward the renal hilum should be distinguished from urinary leakage due to urinary injury. Delayed subcapsular contrast material retention via pyelolymphatic backflow, appearing as hyperattenuating subcapsular foci on CT images, mimics other subcapsular cystic diseases. In contrast to renal parapelvic cysts originating from the renal parenchyma, renal peripelvic cysts are known to be of lymphatic origin. Congenital renal lymphangiectasia is mainly seen in children and assessed and followed up at imaging. Several lymphatic conditions, including lymphatic leakage as an early complication and acquired renal lymphangiectasia as a late complication, are sometimes identified at imaging follow-up of kidney transplant. Lymphangiographic contrast material accumulation in the renal hilar lymphatic vessels is characteristic of chylo-urinary fistula. Chyluria appears as a fat-layering fluid-fluid level in the urinary bladder or upper urinary tract. Recognition of the anatomic pathway of tumor spread via lymphatic vessels at imaging is of clinical importance for accurate management at oncologic imaging. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takahashi
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
| | - Akitoshi Inoue
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
| | - Yuki Sato
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
| | - Theodora A Potretzke
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
| | - Sota Masuoka
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
| | - Manabu Minami
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
| | - Akira Kawashima
- From the Department of Radiology (H.T., A.I., T.A.P., N.T.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (Y.S.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan (T.T.); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (S.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (M.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.)
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Maekawa M, Maekawa T, Sasase T, Wakashima T, Uemura A, Uno K, Ohta T, Yamada T. Renal transcriptome analysis of uninephrectomized db/db mice identified a mechanism for the transition to severe diabetic nephropathy. Exp Anim 2024; 73:29-40. [PMID: 37482420 PMCID: PMC10877145 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), included in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is a primary driver of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) leading to dialysis treatment. To develop new therapeutic drugs to prevent ESRD and avoid dialysis treatment, insight into DKD pathophysiology and animal models suitable for drug efficacy testing are needed. In this study, transcriptome analysis of kidneys from 26-week-old and 35-week-old uninephrectomized (UNX) db/db mice was used to identify the pathways that affect the deterioration of renal function in db/db mice. Differentially expressed genes suggested that there was increased interferon (IFN)-γ signaling during the 26 to 35-week period. Modules that changed between 26 and 35 weeks of age extracted by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) suggested increased the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in component cells of glomeruli. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified Cxcl16 as a hub gene for those signaling pathways, and it was shown that the pathways in this module changed when the glomerular filtration rate decreased in patients with DN. These results suggested the possibility that signaling mediated by Cxcl16 induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α between 26 and 35 weeks of age leads to renal fibrosis, resulting in severe disease. Drugs that target such pathways can be options for developing drugs for DN. We also think that the uninephrectomized db/db mouse can be used as an animal model of severe DKD and to evaluate efficacy in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Maekawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maekawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakashima
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Uemura
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kinuko Uno
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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Li HY, Huang LF, Huang XR, Wu D, Chen XC, Tang JX, An N, Liu HF, Yang C. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis: Potential Therapeutic Target. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:7625817. [PMID: 37692838 PMCID: PMC10484658 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7625817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Approximately one-third to two-thirds of the patients with SLE progress to lupus nephritis (LN). The pathogenesis of SLE and LN has not yet been fully elucidated, and effective treatment for both conditions is lacking. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle and is a site of protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium storage. Under stress, the function of ER is disrupted, and the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins occurs in ER, resulting in an ER stress (ERS) response. ERS is involved in the dysfunction of B cells, macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and other immune cells, causing immune system disorders, such as SLE. In addition, ERS is also involved in renal resident cell injury and contributes to the progression of LN. The molecular chaperones, autophagy, and proteasome degradation pathways inhibit ERS and restore ER homeostasis to improve the dysfunction of immune cells and renal resident cell injury. This may be a therapeutic strategy for SLE and LN. In this review, we summarize advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Li-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ning An
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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Sato Y, Silina K, van den Broek M, Hirahara K, Yanagita M. The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z. [PMID: 37046081 PMCID: PMC10092939 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues that drive antigen-specific immune responses at sites of chronic inflammation. Unlike secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, TLSs lack capsules and have their own unique characteristics and functions. The presumed influence of TLSs on the disease course has led to widespread interest in obtaining a better understanding of their biology and function. Studies using single-cell analyses have suggested heterogeneity in TLS composition and phenotype, and consequently, functional correlates with disease progression are sometimes conflicting. The presence of TLSs correlates with a favourable disease course in cancer and infection. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases including chronic kidney disease, the presence of TLSs is associated with a more severe disease course. However, the detailed mechanisms that underlie these clinical associations are not fully understood. To what extent the mechanisms of TLS development and maturation are shared across organs and diseases is also still obscure. Improved understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular levels may enable the exploitation of these structures to improve therapies for chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karina Silina
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Sato Y, Tamura M, Yanagita M. Tertiary lymphoid tissues: a regional hub for kidney inflammation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:26-33. [PMID: 34245300 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are inducible ectopic lymphoid tissues that develop at sites of chronic inflammation in nonlymphoid organs. As with lymph nodes, TLTs initiate adaptive immune responses and coordinate local tissue immunity. Although virtually ignored for decades, TLTs have recently received a great deal of attention for their ability to influence disease severity, prognosis and response to therapy in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders and infections. TLTs are also induced in kidneys of patients with chronic kidney diseases such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy and lupus nephritis. Nevertheless, TLTs in the kidney have not been extensively investigated and their mechanism of development, functions and clinical relevance remain unknown, mainly because of the absence of adequate murine kidney TLT models and limited availability of human kidney samples containing TLTs. We recently found that aged kidneys, but not young kidneys, exhibit multiple TLTs after injury. Interestingly, although they are a minor component of TLTs, resident fibroblasts in the kidneys diversify into several distinct phenotypes that play crucial roles in TLT formation. Furthermore, the potential of TLTs as a novel kidney injury/inflammation marker as well as a novel therapeutic target for kidney diseases is also suggested. In this review article we describe the current understanding of TLTs with a focus on age-dependent TLTs in the kidney and discuss their potential as a novel therapeutic target and kidney inflammation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sterol O-Acyltransferase Inhibition Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Renal Fibrosis and Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue Maturation after Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415465. [PMID: 36555105 PMCID: PMC9779122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We previously demonstrated that aged kidneys are prone to developing tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) and sustain inflammation after injury, leading to CKD progression; however, the relationship between renal TLT and metabolic syndrome is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) promoted renal TLT formation and inflammation via sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) 1-dependent mechanism. Mice fed a HFD prior to ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) exhibited pronounced renal TLT formation and sustained inflammation compared to the controls. Untargeted lipidomics revealed the increased levels of cholesteryl esters (CEs) in aged kidneys with TLT formation after IRI, and, consistently, the Soat1 gene expression increased. Treatment with avasimibe, a SOAT inhibitor, attenuated TLT maturation and renal inflammation in HFD-fed mice subjected to IRI. Our findings suggest the importance of SOAT1-dependent CE accumulation in the pathophysiology of CKDs associated with TLT.
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Yoshikawa T, Lee YH, Sato Y, Yanagita M. Tertiary lymphoid tissues in kidney diseases: a perspective for the pediatric nephrologist. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 38:1399-1409. [PMID: 36251070 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. In the pediatric population, CKD is also an important health issue because it causes several comorbid conditions that can have long-term consequences beyond the pediatric age. Chronic inflammation is a common pathological feature of CKD, irrespective of etiology, and leads to maladaptive repair and kidney dysfunction. Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are ectopic lymphoid structures that develop in non-lymphoid organs under chronic inflammation caused by pathological conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. TLTs in the kidneys have been poorly researched due to the lack of an animal model. We have recently found that, in aged but not young mice, TLTs develop in multiple kidney injury models, and the analysis of age-dependent TLTs has brought about several novel insights into the development and pathogenic impacts of TLTs in the kidney. Age-dependent TLT formation is also observed in human kidneys. In addition to aged kidneys, TLT development is also reported in several human kidney diseases including kidney allografts, lupus nephritis, and IgA nephropathy in both adults and children. In this review, we describe the novel findings on TLTs in the kidney obtained mainly from the analysis of age-dependent TLTs and discuss the clinical relevance of TLTs in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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10
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Maekawa M, Maekawa T, Sasase T, Takagi K, Takeuchi S, Kitamoto M, Nakagawa T, Toyoda K, Konishi N, Ohta T, Yamada T. Pathophysiological Analysis of Uninephrectomized db/db Mice as a Model of Severe Diabetic Kidney Disease. Physiol Res 2022; 71:209-217. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, included in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is the primary disease leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or dialysis treatment, accounting for more than 40% of all patients with ESRD or receiving dialysis. Developing new therapeutics to prevent the transition to ESRD or dialysis treatment requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of DKD and an appropriate animal model for drug efficacy studies. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes in uninephrectomized db/db mice. In addition, the nephrectomized db/db mice from 10 weeks to 42 weeks were used to assess the efficacy of long-term administration of the angiotensin-II–receptor antagonist losartan. The blood and urinary biochemical parameters and the blood pressure which is a main pharmacological endpoint of the losartan therapy, were periodically measured. And at the end, histopathological analysis was performed. Uninephrectomized db/db mice clearly developed obesity and hyperglycemia from young age. Furthermore, they showed renal pathophysiological changes, such as increased urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) (the peak value 3104±986 in 40-week-old mice), glomerular hypertrophy and increased fibrotic areas in the tubulointerstitial tubules. The blood pressure in the losartan group was significantly low compared to the normotensive Vehicle group. However, as expected, Losartan suppressed the increase in UACR (829±500) indicating the medication was sufficient, but the histopathological abnormalities including tubular interstitial fibrosis did not improve. These results suggest that the uninephrectomized db/db mice are useful as an animal model of the severe DKD indicated by the comparison of the efficacy of losartan in this model with the efficacy of losartan in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Maekawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
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11
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Chen YY, Chen XG, Zhang S. Druggability of lipid metabolism modulation against renal fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:505-519. [PMID: 33990764 PMCID: PMC8888625 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis contributes to progressive damage to renal structure and function. It is a common pathological process as chronic kidney disease develops into kidney failure, irrespective of diverse etiologies, and eventually leads to death. However, there are no effective drugs for renal fibrosis treatment at present. Lipid aggregation in the kidney and consequent lipotoxicity always accompany chronic kidney disease and fibrosis. Numerous studies have revealed that restoring the defective fatty acid oxidation in the kidney cells can mitigate renal fibrosis. Thus, it is an important strategy to reverse the dysfunctional lipid metabolism in the kidney, by targeting critical regulators of lipid metabolism. In this review, we highlight the potential "druggability" of lipid metabolism to ameliorate renal fibrosis and provide current pre-clinical evidence, exemplified by some representative druggable targets and several other metabolic regulators with anti-renal fibrosis roles. Then, we introduce the preliminary progress of noncoding RNAs as promising anti-renal fibrosis drug targets from the perspective of lipid metabolism. Finally, we discuss the prospects and deficiencies of drug targeting lipid reprogramming in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Chen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union medical college, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiao-guang Chen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union medical college, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union medical college, Beijing, 100050, China.
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12
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Constantin AM, Mihu CM, Boşca AB, Melincovici CS, Mărginean MV, Jianu EM, Ştefan RA, Alexandru BC, Moldovan IM, Şovrea AS, Sufleţel RT. Short histological kaleidoscope - recent findings in histology. Part I. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:7-29. [PMID: 36074664 PMCID: PMC9593135 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article is a review of new advances in histology, concerning either classification or structure of different tissular elements (basement membrane, hemidesmosomes, urothelium, glandular epithelia, adipose tissue, astrocytes), and various organs' constituents (blood-brain barrier, human dental cementum, tubarial salivary glands, hepatic stellate cells, pineal gland, fibroblasts of renal interstitium, Leydig testicular cells, ovarian hilar cells), as well as novel biotechnological techniques (tissue engineering in angiogenesis), recently introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Constantin
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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13
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Lee YH, Sato Y, Saito M, Fukuma S, Saito M, Yamamoto S, Komatsuda A, Fujiyama N, Satoh S, Lee SH, Boor P, Habuchi T, Floege J, Yanagita M. Advanced Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues in Protocol Biopsies are Associated with Progressive Graft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:186-200. [PMID: 34725107 PMCID: PMC8763171 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues found in chronically inflamed organs. Although studies have documented TLT formation in transplanted kidneys, the clinical relevance of these TLTs remains controversial. We examined the effects of TLTs on future graft function using our histologic TLT maturity stages and the association between TLTs and Banff pathologic scores. We also analyzed the risk factors for the development of TLTs. METHODS Serial protocol biopsy samples (0 hour, 1, 6, and 12 months) without rejection were retrospectively analyzed from 214 patients who underwent living donor kidney transplantation. TLTs were defined as lymphocyte aggregates with signs of proliferation and their stages were determined by the absence (stage I) or presence (stage II) of follicular dendritic cells. RESULTS Only 4% of patients exhibited TLTs at the 0-hour biopsy. Prevalence increased to almost 50% at the 1-month biopsy, and then slightly further for 12 months. The proportion of advanced stage II TLTs increased gradually, reaching 19% at the 12-month biopsy. Presence of stage II TLTs was associated with higher risk of renal function decline after transplantation compared with patients with no TLT or stage I TLTs. Stage II TLTs were associated with more severe tubulitis and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy at 12 months and predicted poorer graft function independently from the degree of interstitial inflammation. Pretransplantation rituximab treatment dramatically attenuated the development of stage II TLTs. CONCLUSIONS TLTs are commonly found in clinically stable transplanted kidneys. Advanced stage II TLTs are associated with progressive graft dysfunction, independent of interstitial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ho Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Medical Innovation Center TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Saito
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Medical Innovation Center TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Komatsuda
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Fujiyama
- Center for Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigeru Satoh
- Center for Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany, Aachen, Germany,Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany, Aachen, Germany,Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany, Aachen, Germany
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Yang X, Feng J, Liang W, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Hu J, Yang D, Ding G. Roles of SIRT6 in kidney disease: a novel therapeutic target. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:53. [PMID: 34950960 PMCID: PMC11072764 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 is an NAD+ dependent deacetylase that belongs to the mammalian sirtuin family. SIRT6 is mainly located in the nucleus and regulates chromatin remodeling, genome stability, and gene transcription. SIRT6 extensively participates in various physiological activities such as DNA repair, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. In recent years, the role of epigenetics such as acetylation modification in renal disease has gradually received widespread attention. SIRT6 reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis, which is of great importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and delaying the chronic progression of kidney disease. Here, we review the structure and biological function of SIRT6 and summarize the regulatory mechanisms of SIRT6 in kidney disease. Moreover, the role of SIRT6 as a potential therapeutic target for the progression of kidney disease will be discussed. SIRT6 plays an important role in kidney disease. SIRT6 regulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis, induces G2/M cycle arrest, and plays an antioxidant role in nephrotoxicity, IR, obstructive nephropathy, and sepsis-induced AKI. SIRT6 prevents and delays progressive CKD induced by hyperglycemia, kidney senescence, hypertension, and lipid accumulation by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrosis effects. Additionally, hypoxia, inflammation, and fibrosis are the main mechanisms of the AKI-to-CKD transition. SIRT6 plays a critical role in the AKI-to-CKD transition and kidney repair through anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. AKI Acute kidney injury, CKD Chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zijing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dingping Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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15
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Uterine Sensitization-Associated Gene-1 in the Progression of Kidney Diseases. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9752139. [PMID: 34414243 PMCID: PMC8369194 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9752139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), originally identified as a secretory protein preferentially expressed in the sensitized rat endometrium, has been determined to modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt expression to play important roles in kidney disease. USAG-1 affects the progression of acute and chronic kidney damage and the recovery of allograft kidney function by regulating the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Moreover, USAG-1 has been found to be involved in the process of T cell immune response, and its ability to inhibit germinal center activity and reduce humoral immunity is of great significance for the treatment of autoimmune nephropathy and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after renal transplantation. This article summarizes the many advances made regarding the roles of USAG-1 in the progression of kidney disease and outlines potential treatments.
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16
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Xia M, Liu T, Chen D, Huang Y. Efficacy and safety of renal denervation for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:732-742. [PMID: 33908329 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1916100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal denervation (RDN) is a new treatment for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its efficacy is still debated. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RDN for hypertension in patients with CKD. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Ovid databases were searched for relevant studies published. We performed both fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses of the changes in blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) after RDN. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 238 patients from 11 single-center, non-randomized, uncontrolled studies. Office blood pressure and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (24 h-ABP) showed a significant reduction 1 month after RDN (p < 0.05). This decrease of 24 h-ABP persisted for 24 months after RDN showed difference systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001). The 24 h-ABP exhibited a similar trend in the subgroup analysis. eGFR measurements obtained at each time point of analysis after RDN were not significantly different from those obtained before (p > 0.05). UACR levels were significantly reduced at 3 months and 6 months after RDN (p < 0.001). After RDN, the heart rate showed no significant changes (p > 0.05), and few major complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis showed that RDN may be effective and safe for treating CKD patients with hypertension. Well-designed randomized controlled trials of RDN are urgently needed to confirm the safety and reproducibility of RDN and to assess its impact on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital) and Nanchong Key Laboratory of Basic Science & Clinical Research on Chronic Kidney Disease, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Nephrology/Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Charite-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charite-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Yuan X, Zhang L, Du J. Tbx18-positive cells-derived myofibroblasts contribute to renal interstitial fibrosis via transforming growth factor-β signaling. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112682. [PMID: 34118250 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the T-box family transcription factor 18 (Tbx18) -positive cells give rise to renal mesenchymal cells and contribute to the development of the urinary system. However, it is unclear whether Tbx18-positive cells are the origin of the myofibroblasts during renal fibrosis. The present study aimed to determine the contribution of Tbx18-positive cells in kidney fibrosis and their underlying mechanism. We show that Tbx18-positive cells contribute to the development of the urinary system, especially renal fibroblasts. Following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), genetic fate tracing results demonstrated that Tbx18-positive cells not only proliferate but also expand and differentiate into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, indicating that they may act as profibrotic progenitors. Cell culture results suggest that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β promotes Tbx18-positive cells differentiation into myofibroblasts and assist their contribution to kidney fibrosis. Overall, the present study demonstrated that Tbx18-positive cells may act as profibrotic progenitor cells in a pathological condition of UUO-induced injury. Moreover, TGF-β may play a role in differentiation of Tbx18-positive cells into myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis. These findings may provide a potential target on Tbx18-positive myofibroblast progenitors in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianlin Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as a rapid decrease in glomerular filtration rate, is a common and devastating pathologic condition. AKI is associated with significant morbidity and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Regardless of the initial insult, CKD progression after AKI involves multiple types of cells, including proximal tubular cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Although the mechanisms underlying this AKI to CKD progression have been investigated extensively over the past decade, therapeutic strategies still are lacking. One of the reasons for this stems from the fact that AKI and its progression toward CKD is multifactorial and variable because it is dependent on patient background. In this review, we describe the current understanding of AKI and its maladaptive repair with a focus on proximal tubules and resident fibroblasts. Subsequently, we discuss the unique pathophysiology of AKI in the elderly, highlighting our recent finding of age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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19
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Cheriyan AM, Ume AC, Francis CE, King KN, Linck VA, Bai Y, Cai H, Hoover RS, Ma HP, Gooch JL, Williams CR. Calcineurin A-α suppression drives nuclear factor-κB-mediated NADPH oxidase-2 upregulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F789-F798. [PMID: 33615888 PMCID: PMC8424558 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00254.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are vital immunosuppressive therapies in the management of inflammatory conditions. A long-term consequence is nephrotoxicity. In the kidneys, the primary, catalytic calcineurin (CnA) isoforms are CnAα and CnAβ. Although the renal phenotype of CnAα-/- mice substantially mirrors CNI-induced nephrotoxicity, the mechanisms downstream of CnAα are poorly understood. Since NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2)-derived oxidative damage has been implicated in CNI-induced nephrotoxicity, we hypothesized that CnAα inhibition drives Nox2 upregulation and promotes oxidative stress. To test the hypothesis, Nox2 regulation was investigated in kidneys from CnAα-/-, CnAβ-/-, and wild-type (WT) littermate mice. To identify the downstream mediator of CnAα, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and NF-κB regulation was examined. To test if Nox2 is transcriptionally regulated via a NF-κB pathway, CnAα-/- and WT renal fibroblasts were treated with the NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Our findings showed that cyclosporine A treatment induced Nox2 upregulation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, Nox2 upregulation and elevated ROS generation occurred only in CnAα-/- mice. In these mice, NF-κB but not NFAT activity was increased. In CnAα-/- renal fibroblasts, NF-κB inhibition prevented Nox2 upregulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In conclusion, these findings indicate that 1) CnAα loss stimulates Nox2 upregulation, 2) NF-κB is a novel CnAα-regulated transcription factor, and 3) NF-κB mediates CnAα-induced Nox2 and ROS regulation. Our results demonstrate that CnAα plays a key role in Nox2 and ROS generation. Furthermore, these novel findings provide evidence of divergent CnA isoform signaling pathways. Finally, this study advocates for CnAα-sparing CNIs, ultimately circumventing the CNI nephrotoxicity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A long-term consequence of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) is oxidative damage and nephrotoxicity. This study indicates that NF-κB is a novel calcineurin-regulated transcription factor that is activated with calcineurin inhibition, thereby driving oxidative damage in CNI nephropathy. These findings provide additional evidence of divergent calcineurin signaling pathways and suggest that selective CNIs could improve the long-term outcomes of patients by mitigating renal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy M Cheriyan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adaku C Ume
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Cynthia E Francis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia
| | - Keyona N King
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Valerie A Linck
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heping P Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Gooch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia
- Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Clintoria R Williams
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
- Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Arai H, Yanagita M. Janus-Faced: Molecular Mechanisms and Versatile Nature of Renal Fibrosis. KIDNEY360 2020; 1:697-704. [PMID: 35372942 PMCID: PMC8815544 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001972020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a major hallmark of CKD, regardless of the underlying etiology. In fibrosis development and progression, myofibroblasts play a pivotal role, producing extracellular matrix and interacting with various resident cells in the kidney. Over the past decade, the origin of myofibroblasts has been thoroughly investigated. Emerging evidence suggests that renal myofibroblasts originate from several cellular sources, including resident fibroblasts, pericytes, and bone marrow-derived cells. The contribution of resident fibroblasts is most crucial, and currently available data strongly suggest the importance of functional heterogeneity and plasticity of fibroblasts in kidney disease progression. Resident fibroblasts acquire distinct phenotypes based on their local microenvironment and exert multifactorial functions. For example, age-dependent alterations of renal fibroblasts make a significant contribution to the formation of tertiary lymphoid tissues, which promote local inflammation after injury in the aged kidney. In conjunction with fibrosis development, dysfunction of resident fibroblasts provokes unique pathologic conditions including renal anemia and peritubular capillary loss, both of which are major complications of CKD. Although renal fibrosis is considered detrimental in general, recent studies suggest it has beneficial roles, such as maintaining functional crosstalk with injured proximal tubular cells and supporting their regeneration. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms of renal fibrosis, which could be regarded as an adaptive process of kidney injury and repair. Precise understanding of the functional heterogeneity of resident fibroblasts and myofibroblasts has the potential to facilitate the development of novel therapeutics against kidney diseases. In this review, we describe the current perspective on the origin of myofibroblasts and fibroblast heterogeneity, with special emphasis on the dual aspects of renal fibrosis, both beneficial and detrimental, in CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibroblasts, the major cell population in all connective tissues, are best known for their role in depositing and maintaining the extracellular matrix. Recently, numerous specialised functions have been discovered revealing unpredicted fibroblast heterogeneity. We will discuss this heterogeneity, from its origins in development to alterations in fibrotic disease conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptional profiling techniques have revealed impressive diversity amongst fibroblasts in a range of organ systems including the skin, lung, kidney and heart. However, there are major challenges in assimilating the findings and understanding their functional significance. Certain fibroblast subsets can make specific contributions to healthy tissue functioning and to fibrotic disease processes; thus, therapeutic manipulation of particular subsets could be clinically beneficial. Here we propose that four key variables determine a fibroblast's phenotype underpinning their enormous heterogeneity: tissue status, regional features, microenvironment and cell state. We review these in different organ systems, highlighting the importance of understanding the divergent fibroblast properties and underlying mechanisms in tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Emanuel Rognoni
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
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Sato Y, Boor P, Fukuma S, Klinkhammer BM, Haga H, Ogawa O, Floege J, Yanagita M. Developmental stages of tertiary lymphoid tissue reflect local injury and inflammation in mouse and human kidneys. Kidney Int 2020; 98:448-463. [PMID: 32473779 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are inducible ectopic lymphoid tissues in chronic inflammatory states and function as sites of priming local immune responses. We previously demonstrated that aged but not young mice exhibited multiple TLTs after acute kidney injury and that TLTs were also detected in human aged and diseased kidneys. However, the forms of progression and the implication for kidney injury remain unclear. To clarify this we analyzed surgically resected kidneys from aged patients with or without chronic kidney disease as well as kidneys resected for pyelonephritis, and classified TLTs into three distinct developmental stages based on the presence of follicular dendritic cells and germinal centers. In injury-induced murine TLT models, the stages advanced with the extent of kidney injury, and decreased with dexamethasone accompanied with improvement of renal function, fibrosis and inflammation. Kidneys from aged patients with chronic kidney disease consistently exhibited more frequent and advanced stages of TLTs than those without chronic kidney disease. Kidneys of patients with pyelonephritis exhibited more frequent TLTs with more advanced stages than aged kidneys. Additionally, TLTs in both cohorts shared similar locations and components, suggesting that TLT formation may not be a disease-specific phenomenon but rather a common pathological process. Thus, our findings provide the insights into biological features of TLT in the kidney and implicate TLT stage as a potential marker reflecting local injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Medical Innovation Center TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Barbara M Klinkhammer
- Institute of Pathology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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