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Yang M, Sun M, Zhang H. The Interaction Between Epigenetic Changes, EMT, and Exosomes in Predicting Metastasis of Colorectal Cancers (CRC). Front Oncol 2022; 12:879848. [PMID: 35712512 PMCID: PMC9197117 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.879848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common malignancy, and the second most deadly with nearly one million attributable deaths in 2020. Metastatic disease is present in nearly 25% of newly diagnosed CRC, and despite advances in chemotherapy, less than 20% will remain alive at 5 years. Epigenetic change plays a key role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a crucial phenotype for metastasis and mainly includes DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA, seemingly valuable biomarkers in CRCs. For ncRNAs, there exists a “molecular sponge effect” between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). The detection of exosomes is a novel method in CRC monitoring, especially for predicting metastasis. There is a close relationship between exosomes and EMT in CRCs. This review summarizes the close relationship between epigenetic changes and EMT in CRCs and emphasizes the crucial function of exosomes in regulating the EMT process.
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He J, He H, Qi Y, Yang J, Zhi L, Jia Y. Application of epigenetics in dermatological research and skin management. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:1920-1930. [PMID: 34357681 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics has recently evolved from a collection of diverse phenomena to a defined and far-reaching field of study. Epigenetic modifications of the genome, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, have been reported to play a role in some skin diseases or cancer. AIMS The purpose of this article was to review the development of epigenetic in recent decades and their applications in dermatological research. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted on epigenetic modifications since the first research on epigenetic. RESULTS This article summarizes the concept and development of epigenetics, as well as the process and principle of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. Their application in some skin diseases and cosmetic research and development is also summarized. CONCLUSIONS This information will help to understand the mechanisms of epigenetics and some non-coding RNA, the discovery of the related drugs, and provide new insights for skin health management and cosmetic research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaming He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Qi
- Shandong Huawutang Biological Technology Co, Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shandong Huawutang Biological Technology Co, Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Leilei Zhi
- Shandong Huawutang Biological Technology Co, Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Di Palo A, Siniscalchi C, Polito R, Nigro E, Russo A, Daniele A, Potenza N. microRNA-377-3p downregulates the oncosuppressor T-cadherin in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1797-1803. [PMID: 33818827 PMCID: PMC8360034 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death of malignant tumors worldwide. Recent studies point to a role for the adiponectin‐receptor axis in colorectal carcinogenesis, and in particular to the oncosuppressive properties of the T‐cadherin receptor. In addition, the loss of T‐cadherin expression in tumor tissues has been linked to cancer progression and attributed to aberrant methylation of its promoter. Recognizing the pivotal role of microRNAs in CRC, this study explores their possible contribution to the downregulation of T‐cadherin. A systematic bioinformatics analysis, restricted by microRNA expression data in the colon or in cultured colorectal cell lines, predicted twelve top‐ranking target miRNA sites within the 3ʹ UTR of T‐cadherin. Experimental validation analyses based on luciferase reporter constructs and miRNA mimic or miRNA inhibitor transfections toward colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines indicated that miR‐377‐3p was able to directly bind to the T‐cadherin sequence, and thus downregulating its expression. Given the oncogenic activity of miR‐377 and the oncosuppressive activity of T‐cadherin in CRC, the regulatory circuit highlighted in this study may add new insights into molecular mechanisms driving colorectal carcinogenesis, and perspectively it could be exploited to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Di Palo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Siniscalchi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Aniello Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Shiu BH, Lu WY, Tantoh DM, Chou MC, Nfor ON, Huang CC, Liaw YP. Interactive association between dietary fat and sex on CDH13 cg02263260 methylation. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:13. [PMID: 33407434 PMCID: PMC7788866 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation of Cadherin 13 (CDH13), a tumor suppressor gene is associated with gene repression and carcinogenesis. We determined the relation of dietary fat and sex with CDH13 cg02263260 methylation in Taiwanese adults. METHODS Data of 870 eligible participants (430 men and 440 women) between 30 and 70 years were obtained from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) database. The association of dietary fat and sex with CDH13 cg02263260 methylation was determined using multiple linear regression. RESULTS The association between sex and cg02263260 methylation was significant: beta-coefficient (β) = 0.00532; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.00195-0.00868. Moreover, the interaction between sex and dietary fat on cg02263260 methylation was significant (P-value = 0.0145). After stratification by sex, the association of dietary fat with cg02263260 methylation was significant only in women. Specifically, high dietary fat was positively associated with cg02263260 methylation in women (β = 0.00597; 95% CI = 0.00061-0.01133) and the test for trend was significant (P-value = 0.0283). CONCLUSION High fat intake was significantly associated with higher cg02263260 methylation in women and the test for trend was significant. These findings suggest that the association of fat intake and CDH13 cg02263260 might vary by sex and CDH13 cg02263260 methylation levels in women might increase as fat intake increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Hao Shiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Division of Colon-Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chou Huang
- Division of Colon-Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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Xu D, Yuan H, Meng Z, Yang C, Li Z, Li M, Zhang Z, Gan Y, Tu H. Cadherin 13 Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition by Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. J Cancer 2020; 11:2101-2112. [PMID: 32127937 PMCID: PMC7052920 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin 13 (CDH13) is an atypical cadherin that exerts tumor-suppressive effects on cancers derived from epithelial cells. Although the CDH13 promoter is frequently hypermethylated in pancreatic cancer (PC), the direct impact of CDH13 on PC is unknown. Accordingly, the expression of CDH13 in PC cell lines and paired PC tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Our findings showed that CDH13 was downregulated in PC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Xenograft tumor experiments were used to determine the biological function of CDH13 in vivo. As revealed by our data, CDH13 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of human PC cells in vitro. The inhibitory effect of CDH13 on PC was further confirmed in animal models. Mice subcutaneously or orthotopically transplanted with CDH13-overexpressing CFPAC-1 cells developed significantly smaller tumors with less liver metastases and mesenteric metastases than those of the control group. Next, transcriptomics and western blot analysis were used to identify the underlying mechanisms. Further molecular mechanism studies showed that CDH13 overexpression inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and regulated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Our results indicated that CDH13 displayed an inhibitory effect on PC and suggested that CDH13 might be a potential biomarker and a new therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Research Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zihong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zefang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Wang J, Liang W, Wang X, Min G, Chen W, Wang H, Yao N, Wang J. The value of biomarkers in colorectal cancer: Protocol for an overview and a secondary analysis of systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16034. [PMID: 31192959 PMCID: PMC6587652 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, with 694,000 deaths each year. Despite improvements in treatment strategies in recent years, the overall survival rate of CRC is still very low and the survival rate is highly dependent on the stage at the time of diagnosis. Some biomarkers have shown great potential for early screening of CRC and some have been tested in systematic reviews (SRs). However, the quality of these SRs remains unclear and these SRs did not clarify which biomarker is the optimal diagnostic test. This overview will evaluate the methodological quality of available SRs and compare the diagnostic value of different biomarkers in order to find the best biomarker for diagnosing CRC. METHODS A comprehensive literature search for SRs published before February 2019 was conducted in the PubMed, Embase.com, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science without any language restrictions. We will use the assessment of multiple systematic reviews-2 instrument to assess the methodological quality of each SR. Bubble plots will be used to summarize the main characteristics and quality of SRs. Standard pairwise meta-analysis and adjusted indirect comparison will be conducted to compare the diagnostic value of different biomarkers. RESULTS The results of this overview will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. CONCLUSION The findings of this project will provide a general overview and evidence of the diagnostic value of biomarkers in detecting CRC. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019125880.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Wenjia Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital
| | - Xiangwen Wang
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Guangtao Min
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Wei Chen
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Nan Yao
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Nikolaou S, Qiu S, Fiorentino F, Rasheed S, Tekkis P, Kontovounisios C. The prognostic and therapeutic role of hormones in colorectal cancer: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1477-1486. [PMID: 30535551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers in Western society with a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease. Targeted therapy is of increasing interest and already, targeted hormone treatment for breast and prostate cancer has improved survival. The aim of this literature review is to summarise the role of hormones in CRC prognosis and treatment. A literature review of all human and animal in vivo and in vitro studies in the last 20 years, which assessed the role of hormones in CRC treatment or prognosis, was carried out. The hormones described in this review have been subdivided according to their secretion origin. Most of the studies are based on in vitro or animal models. The main findings point to adipokines, insulin and the insulin growth factor axis as key players in the link between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and a subset of CRC. Gut-derived hormones, especially uroguanylin and guanylin are being increasingly investigated as therapeutic targets, with promising results. Using hormones as prognostic and therapeutic markers in CRC is still in the preliminary stages for only a fraction of the hormones affecting the GIT. In light of the increasing interest in tailoring treatment strategies, hormones are an important area of focus in the future of CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Nikolaou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK. .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road & Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
| | - Shengyang Qiu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Shahnawaz Rasheed
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Paris Tekkis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Christos Kontovounisios
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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