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Shao IH, Chang TH, Chang YH, Hsieh YH, Sheng TW, Wang LJ, Chien YH, Huang LK, Chu YC, Kan HC, Lin PH, Yu KJ, Hsieh ML, Chuang CK, Wu CT, Hsieh CH, Pang ST. Periprostatic adipose tissue inhibits tumor progression by secreting apoptotic factors: A natural barrier induced by the immune response during the early stages of prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:485. [PMID: 39170882 PMCID: PMC11338243 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent malignancy in men worldwide. The risk factors for PCa include obesity, age and family history. Increased visceral fat has been associated with high PCa risk, which has prompted previous researchers to investigate the influence of body composition and fat distribution on PCa prognosis. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on the mechanisms and interactions between periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) and PCa cells. The present study investigated the association between the composition of pelvic adipose tissue and PCa aggressiveness to understand the role played by this tissue in PCa progression. Moreover, PPAT-conditioned medium (CM) was prepared to assess the influence of the PPAT secretome on the pathophysiology of PCa. The present study included 50 patients with localized PCa who received robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Medical records were collected, magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed and body compositions were calculated to identify the associations between adipose tissue volume and clinical PCa aggressiveness. In addition, CM was prepared from PPAT and perivesical adipose tissue (PVAT) collected from 25 patients during surgery, and its effects on the PCa cell lines C4-2 and LNCaP, and the prostate epithelial cell line PZ-HPV-7, were investigated using a cell proliferation assay and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results revealed that the initial prostate-specific antigen level was significantly correlated with pelvic and periprostatic adipose tissue volumes. In addition, PPAT volume was significantly higher in patients with extracapsular tumor extension. PCa cell proliferation was significantly reduced when the cells were cultured in PPAT-CM compared with when they were cultured in control- and PVAT-CM. RNA-seq revealed that immune responses, and the cell death and apoptosis pathways were enriched in PPAT-CM-cultured cells indicating that the cytokines or other factors secreted from PPAT-CM induced PCa cell apoptosis. These findings revealed that the PPAT secretome may inhibit PCa cell proliferation by activating immune responses and promoting cancer cell apoptosis. This mechanism may act as a first-line defense during the early stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hung Shao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Hsu Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei 236017, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsin Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Wen Sheng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei 236017, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Jen Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei 236017, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chien
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Liang-Kang Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Cheng Chu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Cheng Kan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Hung Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Jie Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Li Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Keng Chuang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Te Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Hsuan Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - See-Tong Pang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Rebeaud M, Lacombe M, Fallone F, Milhas D, Roumiguié M, Vaysse C, Attané C, Muller C. Specificities of mammary and periprostatic adipose tissues: A perspective from cancer research. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:220-225. [PMID: 38871505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In addition to the major subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (AT), other adipose depots are dispersed throughout the body and are found in close interaction with proximal organs such as mammary and periprostatic AT (MAT and PPAT respectively). These ATs have an effect on proximal organ function during physiological processes and diseases such as cancer. We highlighted here some of their most distinctive features in terms of tissular organization and responses to external stimuli and discussed how obesity affects them based on our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rebeaud
- UMR 5089, CNRS, équipe labélisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, université de Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Lacombe
- UMR 5089, CNRS, équipe labélisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, université de Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Frédérique Fallone
- UMR 5089, CNRS, équipe labélisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, université de Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Milhas
- UMR 5089, CNRS, équipe labélisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, université de Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Roumiguié
- UMR 5089, CNRS, équipe labélisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, université de Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France; Département d'urologie, CHU de Toulouse, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhès, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Vaysse
- UMR 5089, CNRS, équipe labélisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, université de Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France; Département de chirurgie gynécologique-oncologique, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Camille Attané
- UMR 5089, CNRS, équipe labélisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, université de Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- UMR 5089, CNRS, équipe labélisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, université de Toulouse, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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Cao H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Liu B, Zhou H, Wang S. Periprostatic Adipose Tissue: A New Perspective for Diagnosing and Treating Prostate Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:204-217. [PMID: 38164282 PMCID: PMC10751678 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common tumor of the male genitourinary system. It will eventually progress to fatal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, for which treatment options are limited. Adipose tissues are distributed in various parts of the body. They have different morphological structures and functional characteristics and are associated with the development of various tumors. Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) is the closest white visceral adipose tissue to the prostate and is part of the PCa tumor microenvironment. Studies have shown that PPAT is involved in PCa development, progression, invasion, and metastasis through the secretion of multiple active molecules. Factors such as obesity, diet, exercise, and organochlorine pesticides can affect the development of PCa indirectly or directly through PPAT. Based on the mechanism of PPAT's involvement in regulating PCa, this review summarized various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PCa with potential applications to assess the progression of patients' disease and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Cao
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Difei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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AlZaim I, El-Nikhely N, Al-Saidi A, Mougharbil N, Darwiche N, Abou-Kheir W, El-Yazbi AF. Periprostatic adipose tissue thromboinflammation triggers prostatic neoplasia in early metabolic impairment: Interruption by rivaroxaban. Life Sci 2023; 334:122225. [PMID: 38084675 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prostate cancer is among the highest incidence malignancies in men with a prevalence rate increasing in parallel to the rising global trends in metabolic disorders. Whereas a sizeable body of evidence links metabolic impairment to negative prognosis of prostate cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying this connection has not been thoroughly examined. Our previous work showed that localized adipose tissue inflammation occurring in select adipose depots in early metabolic derangement instigated significant molecular, structural, and functional alterations in neighboring tissues underlying the complications observed at this stage. In this context, the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) constitutes an understudied microenvironment with potential influence on the prostatic milieu. MAIN METHODS AND RESULTS We show that PPAT inflammation occurs in early prediabetes with signs of increased thrombogenic activity including enhanced expression and function of Factor X. This was mirrored by early neoplastic alterations in the prostate with fibrosis, increased epithelial thickness with marked luminal cellular proliferation and enhanced formation of intraepithelial neoplasia. Significantly, interruption of the procoagulant state in PPAT by a 10-day anticoagulant rivaroxaban treatment not only mitigated PPAT inflammation, but also reduced signs of prostatic neoplastic changes. Moreover, rivaroxaban decreased the murine PLum-AD epithelial prostatic cell viability, proliferation, migration, and colony forming capacity, while increasing oxidative stress. A protease-activated receptor-2 agonist reversed some of these effects. SIGNIFICANCE We provide some evidence of a molecular framework for the crosstalk between PPAT and prostatic tissue leading to early neoplastic changes in metabolic impairment mediated by upregulation of PPAT thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy and Research & Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 51718, Egypt
| | - Aya Al-Saidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Research & Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 51718, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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Dong K, Wei G, Sun H, Gu D, Liu J, Wang L. Metabolic crosstalk between thermogenic adipocyte and cancer cell: Dysfunction and therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 68:102322. [PMID: 36502545 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the largest endocrine organs with a wide distribution in organisms, adipose tissue secretes multiple adipokines, cytokines, metabolites, and exosomes to promote tumour development. Elaborating the crosstalk between cancer cells and adipocytes provides a tissue-level perspective of cancer progression, which reflects the heterogeneity and complexity of human tumours. Three main types of adipose tissues, white, brown, and beige adipose tissue, have been described. Thermogenic capacity is a prominent characteristic of brown and beige adipocytes. Most studies so far mainly focus on the contribution of white adipocytes to the tumour microenvironment. However, the role of thermogenic adipose tissue in malignant cancer behaviour has been largely overlooked. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that beige/brown adipocytes play a key role in the development and progression of various cancers. This review focuses on the bidirectional communication between tumour cells and thermogenic adipocytes and the therapeutic strategies to disrupt this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Honglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Thromboinflammatory Processes at the Nexus of Metabolic Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer: The Emerging Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071679. [PMID: 35406450 PMCID: PMC8996963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As overweight and obesity increase among the population worldwide, a parallel increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer was observed. There appears to be a relationship between both diseases where the increase in the mass of fat tissue can lead to inflammation. Such a state of inflammation could produce many factors that increase the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, especially if this inflammation occurred in the fat stores adjacent to the prostate. Another important observation that links obesity, fat tissue inflammation, and prostate cancer is the increased production of blood clotting factors. In this article, we attempt to explain the role of these latter factors in the effect of increased body weight on the progression of prostate cancer and propose new ways of treatment that act by affecting how these clotting factors work. Abstract The increased global prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is mirrored by an increased incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). Ample evidence suggests that these metabolic disorders, being characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion and inflammation, not only present as risk factors for the development of PCa, but also drive its increased aggressiveness, enhanced progression, and metastasis. Despite the emerging molecular mechanisms linking AT dysfunction to the various hallmarks of PCa, thromboinflammatory processes implicated in the crosstalk between these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated. This is of particular importance as both diseases present states of hypercoagulability. Accumulating evidence implicates tissue factor, thrombin, and active factor X as well as other players of the coagulation cascade in the pathophysiological processes driving cancer development and progression. In this regard, it becomes pivotal to elucidate the thromboinflammatory processes occurring in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), a fundamental microenvironmental niche of the prostate. Here, we highlight key findings linking thromboinflammation and the pleiotropic effects of coagulation factors and their inhibitors in metabolic diseases, PCa, and their crosstalk. We also propose several novel therapeutic targets and therapeutic interventions possibly modulating the interaction between these pathological states.
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Sacca PA, Calvo JC. Periprostatic Adipose Tissue Microenvironment: Metabolic and Hormonal Pathways During Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863027. [PMID: 35498409 PMCID: PMC9043608 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) is a site of invasion of prostate cancer (PCa) and is part of the microenvironment. It was shown that PPAT secretes factors and fatty acids (FAs) that alter the microenvironment of the PCa. The PPAT secretome of patients with PCa-T3 stage (PPAT-T3) has a metabolic profile enriched in several pathways related to energy production, indicating a greater energy requirement by the tumor, when compared to that of patients in the PCa-T2 stage (PPAT-T2). PPAT-T3 also shows enrichment in pathways related to hormone response, polyamine synthesis, and control of protein synthesis, through amino acid, RNA, and nucleotide metabolism. PPAT-T2 and PPAT-BPH secretomes have less complex metabolic profile, both related with energy balance, while PPAT-BPH has hormone response through insulin pathway. Undoubtedly, a deeper characterization of the human PPAT will lead to a better understanding of the disease and possibly allow new stratification factors and the design of a specific therapy that targets crucial components of the tumor microenvironment as another way to treat or control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alejandra Sacca
- Laboratorio de Química de Proteoglicanos y Matriz Extracelular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)—CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Paula Alejandra Sacca, ; Juan Carlos Calvo,
| | - Juan Carlos Calvo
- Laboratorio de Química de Proteoglicanos y Matriz Extracelular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)—CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Paula Alejandra Sacca, ; Juan Carlos Calvo,
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Zhang P, Cheng S, Sheng X, Dai H, He K, Du Y. The role of autophagy in regulating metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Genes Dis 2021; 10:447-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Fatty Acid Metabolism Reprogramming in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110765. [PMID: 34822423 PMCID: PMC8618281 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a carcinoma in which fatty acids are abundant. Fatty acid metabolism is rewired during PCa development. Although PCa can be treated with hormone therapy, after prolonged treatment, castration-resistant prostate cancer can develop and can lead to increased mortality. Changes to fatty acid metabolism occur systemically and locally in prostate cancer patients, and understanding these changes may lead to individualized treatments, especially in advanced, castration-resistant prostate cancers. The fatty acid metabolic changes are not merely reflective of oncogenic activity, but in many cases, these represent a critical factor in cancer initiation and development. In this review, we analyzed the literature regarding systemic changes to fatty acid metabolism in PCa patients and how these changes relate to obesity, diet, circulating metabolites, and peri-prostatic adipose tissue. We also analyzed cellular fatty acid metabolism in prostate cancer, including fatty acid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid elongation, and oxidation. This review broadens our view of fatty acid switches in PCa and presents potential candidates for PCa treatment and diagnosis.
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Álvarez-Artime A, García-Soler B, Sainz RM, Mayo JC. Emerging Roles for Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Prostate Cancer Malignant Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5560. [PMID: 34074045 PMCID: PMC8197327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its well-known role as an energy repository, adipose tissue is one of the largest endocrine organs in the organism due to its ability to synthesize and release different bioactive molecules. Two main types of adipose tissue have been described, namely white adipose tissue (WAT) with a classical energy storage function, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with thermogenic activity. The prostate, an exocrine gland present in the reproductive system of most mammals, is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) that contributes to maintaining glandular homeostasis in conjunction with other cell types of the microenvironment. In pathological conditions such as the development and progression of prostate cancer, adipose tissue plays a key role through paracrine and endocrine signaling. In this context, the role of WAT has been thoroughly studied. However, the influence of BAT on prostate tumor development and progression is unclear and has received much less attention. This review tries to bring an update on the role of different factors released by WAT which may participate in the initiation, progression and metastasis, as well as to compile the available information on BAT to discuss and open a new field of knowledge about the possible protective role of BAT in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Álvarez-Artime
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belén García-Soler
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Redox Biology Unit, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-A.); (B.G.-S.); (R.M.S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Santiago Gascón Building, Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Skeletal Muscle-Adipose Tissue-Tumor Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise Training in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094469. [PMID: 33922898 PMCID: PMC8123194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased visceral adiposity may influence the development of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressive tumors and cancer mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT), usually referred to as periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), surrounds the prostatic gland and has emerged as a potential mediator of the tumor microenvironment. Exercise training (ET) induces several adaptations in both skeletal muscle and WAT. Some of these effects are mediated by ET-induced synthesis and secretion of several proteins, known as myo- and adipokines. Together, myokines and adipokines may act in an endocrine-like manner to favor communication between skeletal muscle and WAT, as they may work together to improve whole-body metabolic health. This crosstalk may constitute a potential mechanism by which ET exerts its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of PCa-related disorders; however, this has not yet been explored. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence on the effects of skeletal muscle–WAT–tumor crosstalk in PCa, and the potential mediators of this process to provide a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in cancer.
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Bahmad HF, Jalloul M, Azar J, Moubarak MM, Samad TA, Mukherji D, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: Toward Identification of Novel Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:652747. [PMID: 33841508 PMCID: PMC8033163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is by far the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Despite sensitivity to androgen deprivation, patients with advanced disease eventually develop resistance to therapy and may die of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A key challenge in the management of PCa is the clinical heterogeneity that is hard to predict using existing biomarkers. Defining molecular biomarkers for PCa that can reliably aid in diagnosis and distinguishing patients who require aggressive therapy from those who should avoid overtreatment is a significant unmet need. Mechanisms underlying the development of PCa are not confined to cancer epithelial cells, but also involve the tumor microenvironment. The crosstalk between epithelial cells and stroma in PCa has been shown to play an integral role in disease progression and metastasis. A number of key markers of reactive stroma has been identified including stem/progenitor cell markers, stromal-derived mediators of inflammation, regulators of angiogenesis, connective tissue growth factors, wingless homologs (Wnts), and integrins. Here, we provide a synopsis of the stromal-epithelial crosstalk in PCa focusing on the relevant molecular biomarkers pertaining to the tumor microenvironment and their role in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Jalloul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya M Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Abdul Samad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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EGCG Inhibits Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Adipocytes and Prevents a STAT3-Mediated Paracrine Oncogenic Control of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Invasive Phenotype. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061506. [PMID: 33801973 PMCID: PMC7998295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese subjects have an increased risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in part associated with the chronic low-grade inflammation state. On the other hand, epidemiological data indicates that increased consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables plays a key role in reducing incidence of some cancer types. Here, we tested whether green tea-derived epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could alter adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes, and how this impacts the secretome profile and paracrine regulation of the TNBC invasive phenotype. Here, cell differentiation was performed and conditioned media (CM) from preadipocytes and mature adipocytes harvested. Human TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 real-time cell migration was performed using the exCELLigence system. Differential gene arrays and RT-qPCR were used to assess gene expression levels. Western blotting was used to assess protein expression and phosphorylation status levels. In vitro vasculogenic mimicry (VM) was assessed with Matrigel. EGCG was found to inhibit the induction of key adipogenic biomarkers, including lipoprotein lipase, adiponectin, leptin, fatty acid synthase, and fatty acid binding protein 4. Increased TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 cell chemotaxis and vasculogenic mimicry were observed in response to mature adipocytes secretome, and this was correlated with increased STAT3 phosphorylation status. This invasive phenotype was prevented by EGCG, the JAK/STAT inhibitors Tofacitinib and AG490, as well as upon STAT3 gene silencing. In conclusion, dietary catechin-mediated interventions could, in part through the inhibition of adipogenesis and modulation of adipocytes secretome profile, prevent the onset of an obesogenic environment that favors TNBC development.
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Passos GR, Ghezzi AC, Antunes E, de Oliveira MG, Mónica FZ. The Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue on Prostate Function in Vascular-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626155. [PMID: 33643052 PMCID: PMC7908035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent worldwide. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the incidence of LUTS-BPH is higher in patients with vascular-related disorders such as in pelvic ischemia, obesity and diabetes as well as in the ageing population. Obesity is an important risk factor that predisposes to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders. Prospective studies showed that obese men are more likely to develop LUTS-BPH than non-obese men. Yet, men with greater waist circumferences were also at a greater risk of increased prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen than men with lower waist circumference. BPH is characterized by an enlarged prostate and increased smooth muscle tone, thus causing urinary symptoms. Data from experimental studies showed a significant increase in prostate and epididymal adipose tissue weight of obese mice when compared with lean mice. Adipose tissues that are in direct contact with specific organs have gained attention due to their potential paracrine role. The prostate gland is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which is believed to play a paracrine role by releasing growth factors, pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, contractile and anti-contractile substances that interfere in prostate reactivity and growth. Therefore, this review is divided into two main parts, one focusing on the role of adipokines in the context of obesity that can lead to LUTS/BPH and the second part focusing on the mediators released from PPAT and the possible pathways that may interfere in the prostate microenvironment.
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Chen Z, Ge M. Discovering pathways in benign prostate hyperplasia: A functional genomics pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:242. [PMID: 33603850 PMCID: PMC7851599 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the well-known urological neoplasms common in males with an increasing number of associated deaths in aging males. It causes uncomfortable urinary symptoms, including urine flow blockage, and may cause bladder, urinary tract or kidney problems. The histopathological and clinical knowledge regarding BPH is limited. In the present study, an in silico approach was applied that uses genome-scale microarray expression data to discover a wide range of protein-protein interactions in addition to focusing on specific genes responsible for BPH to develop prognostic biomarkers. Various genes that were differentially expressed in BPH were identified. Gene and functional annotation clusters were determined and an interaction analysis with disease phenotypes of BPH was performed, as well as an RNA tissue specificity analysis. Furthermore, a molecular docking study of certain short-listed gene biomarkers, namely anterior gradient 2 (AGR2; PDB ID: 2LNT), steroid 5α-reductase 2 (PDB ID: 6OQX), zinc finger protein 3 (PDB ID: 5T00) and collagen type XII α1 chain (PDB ID: 1U5M), was performed in order to identify alternative Chinese herbal agents for the treatment of BPH. Data from the present study revealed that AGR2 receptor (PDB ID: 2LNT) and berberine (Huang Bo) form the most stable complex and therefore may be assessed in further pharmacological studies for the treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheling Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhenxin Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 201824, P.R. China
| | - Minyao Ge
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Zhang F, Liu S. Mechanistic insights of adipocyte metabolism in regulating breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104741. [PMID: 32151679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte account for the largest component in breast tissue. Dysfunctional adipocyte metabolism, such as metaflammation in metabolically abnormal obese patients, will cause hyperplasia and hypertrophy of its constituent adipocytes. Inflamed adipose tissue is one of the biggest risk factors causing breast cancer. Factors linking adipocyte metabolism to breast cancer include dysfunctional secretion of proinflammatory mediators, proangiogenic factors and estrogens. The accumulation of tumor supporting cells and systemic effects, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, which are caused by abnormal adipocyte metabolism, further contribute to a more aggressive tumor microenvironment and stimulate breast cancer stem cell to influence the development and progression of breast cancer. Here, in this review, we focus on the adipocyte metabolism in regulating breast cancer progression, and discuss the potential targets which can be used for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuang Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Estève D, Roumiguié M, Manceau C, Milhas D, Muller C. Periprostatic adipose tissue: A heavy player in prostate cancer progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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