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Garrido M, Bordagaray MJ, Schweitzer C, Lucero-Mora J, Reyes M, Pellegrini E, Hernández-Ríos P, Fernández A, Hernández M. Reduced C-reactive protein levels after root canal treatment in clinically healthy young apical periodontitis individuals at cardiovascular risk. A prospective study. Int Endod J 2024; 57:406-415. [PMID: 38243897 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the systemic inflammatory burden, including hsCRP and its monomeric forms, in patients with apical lesions of endodontic origin treated with root canal treatment (RCT). METHODOLOGY Prospective pre-/post-study. Apical periodontitis (AP) individuals aged 16-40 were included (N = 29). Individuals received RCT and were followed at 1 and 6 months. Fasting blood samples were obtained. Apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEO) diameter (mm), and periapical index (PAI), were recorded. The serum concentrations of total hsCRP were determined by turbidimetry. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and soluble (s) E-selectin were assessed by Multiplex assay. Additionally, mCRP forms were determined in the serum of AP patients with a baseline moderate to high cardiovascular risk based on hsCRP stratification (hsCRP ≥1 mg/L) by immunowestern blot (n = 15). Also, CRP isoforms were explored in ALEOs from AP individuals (n = 4). Data were analysed with StataV16. RESULTS Periapical index and ALEO sizes were reduced at both follow-up visits after RCT (p < .05). Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and sE-selectin did not show significant differences. CRP was borderline reduced at 1 month (p = .04); however, in AP individuals at cardiovascular risk (hsCRP ≥ 1 mg/L), hsCRP and its monomeric isoform significantly decreased at 1 and 6 months (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS High-sensitivity CRP and mCRP are reduced after RCT in AP individuals at cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Garrido
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Bordagaray
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Schweitzer
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Lucero-Mora
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Montserrat Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ene CD, Nicolae I. The Inflammatory Profile Orchestrated by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Pers Med 2023; 13:934. [PMID: 37373923 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves complicated and multifactorial interactions. Inducible nitric oxide synthase overactivation (iNOS or NOS2) could be involved in SLE pathogenesis and progression. This study explored the relationship between NOS2-associated inflammation profiles and SLE phenotypes. (2) Methods: We developed a prospective, case control study that included a group of 86 SLE subjects, a group of 73 subjects with lupus nephritis, and a control group of 60 people. Laboratory determinations included serum C reactive protein (CRP-mg/L), enzymatic activity of NOS2 (U/L), serum levels of inducible factors of hypoxia 1 and 2 (HIF1a-ng/mL, HIF2a-ng/mL), vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF (pg/mL), matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9-ng/mL), thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1-ng/mL), and soluble receptor of VEGF (sVEGFR-ng/mL). (3) Results: CRP, NOS2, HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were significantly increased, while TSP-1 and sVEGFR were decreased in the SLE and lupus nephritis groups compared with the control group. The variations in these biomarkers were strongly associated with the decrease in eGFR and increase in albuminuria. (4) Conclusions: The inflammatory phenotype of SLE patients, with or without LN, is defined by NOS2 and hypoxia over-expression, angiogenesis stimulation, and inactivation of factors that induce resolution of inflammation in relation with eGFR decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Daniela Ene
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Nephrology Department, Carol Davila Clinical Hospital of Nephrology, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
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Li QY, Lv JM, Liu XL, Li HY, Yu F. Association of C-reactive protein and complement factor H gene polymorphisms with risk of lupus nephritis in Chinese population. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:2934-2944. [PMID: 37215422 PMCID: PMC10198093 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i13.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement overactivation is a major driver of lupus nephritis (LN). Impaired interactions of C-reactive protein (CRP) with complement factor H (CFH) have been shown as a pathogenic mechanism that contributes to the overactivation of complement in LN. However, genetic variations of neither CRP nor CFH show consistent influences on the risk of LN.
AIM To examine whether genetic variations of CRP and CFH in combination can improve the risk stratification in Chinese population.
METHODS We genotyped six CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1205, rs3093062, rs2794521, rs1800947, rs3093077, and rs1130864) and three CFH SNPs (rs482934, rs1061170, and rs1061147) in 270 LN patients and 303 healthy subjects.
RESULTS No linkage was found among CRP and CFH SNPs, indicating lack of genetic interactions between the two genes. Moreover, CRP and CFH SNPs, neither individually nor in combination, are associated with the risk or clinical manifestations of LN. Given the unambiguous pathogenic roles of the two genes.
CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the biological effects of most genetic variations of CRP and CFH on their expressions or activities are not sufficient to influence the disease course of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian-Min Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hai-Yun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Stredny C, Rotenberg A, Leviton A, Loddenkemper T. Systemic inflammation as a biomarker of seizure propensity and a target for treatment to reduce seizure propensity. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:221-234. [PMID: 36524286 PMCID: PMC9978091 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes can wear a device that measures blood glucose and delivers just the amount of insulin needed to return the glucose level to within bounds. Currently, people with epilepsy do not have access to an equivalent wearable device that measures a systemic indicator of an impending seizure and delivers a rapidly acting medication or other intervention (e.g., an electrical stimulus) to terminate or prevent a seizure. Given that seizure susceptibility is reliably increased in systemic inflammatory states, we propose a novel closed-loop device where release of a fast-acting therapy is governed by sensors that quantify the magnitude of systemic inflammation. Here, we review the evidence that patients with epilepsy have raised levels of systemic indicators of inflammation than controls, and that some anti-inflammatory drugs have reduced seizure occurrence in animals and humans. We then consider the options of what might be incorporated into a responsive anti-seizure system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Stredny
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alan Leviton
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Glutathione: A Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule that protects against oxidative stress, ageing and damaging inflammation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007816. [PMID: 36386929 PMCID: PMC9664149 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many local and systemic diseases especially diseases that are leading causes of death globally like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis with ischemic heart disease and stroke, cancer and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), involve both, (1) oxidative stress with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lower glutathione (GSH) levels, and (2) inflammation. The GSH tripeptide (γ- L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine), the most abundant water-soluble non-protein thiol in the cell (1-10 mM) is fundamental for life by (a) sustaining the adequate redox cell signaling needed to maintain physiologic levels of oxidative stress fundamental to control life processes, and (b) limiting excessive oxidative stress that causes cell and tissue damage. GSH activity is facilitated by activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) redox regulator pathway, releasing Nrf2 that regulates expression of genes controlling antioxidant, inflammatory and immune system responses. GSH exists in the thiol-reduced (>98% of total GSH) and disulfide-oxidized (GSSG) forms, and the concentrations of GSH and GSSG and their molar ratio are indicators of the functionality of the cell. GSH depletion may play a central role in inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 pathophysiology, host immune response and disease severity and mortality. Therapies enhancing GSH could become a cornerstone to reduce severity and fatal outcomes of inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 and increasing GSH levels may prevent and subdue these diseases. The life value of GSH makes for a paramount research field in biology and medicine and may be key against systemic inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. In this review, we emphasize on (1) GSH depletion as a fundamental risk factor for diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis (ischemic heart disease and stroke), (2) importance of oxidative stress and antioxidants in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease, (3) significance of GSH to counteract persistent damaging inflammation, inflammaging and early (premature) inflammaging associated with cell and tissue damage caused by excessive oxidative stress and lack of adequate antioxidant defenses in younger individuals, and (4) new therapies that include antioxidant defenses restoration.
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Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Changes in Premenstrual Psychosomatic Behavioral Symptoms with Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3599246. [PMID: 35873799 PMCID: PMC9300296 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3599246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) significantly lowers the quality of life and impairs personal and social relationships in reproductive-age women. Some recommendations are that inappropriate oxidative stress and inflammatory response are involved in PMS. Various nutritional supplements and herbs showed neuro-psycho-pharmacological activity with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to determine the systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of herbal medicine and nutritional supplements in PMS. We also comprehensively highlighted the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial changes on PMS with the application of computational intelligence. We used PRISMA and research question-based techniques to collect the data for evaluation of our study on different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and PROSPERO from 1990 to 2022. The methodological quality of the published study was assessed by the modified Jadad scale. In addition, we used network visualization and word cloud techniques to find the closest terms of the study based on previous publications. While we also used computational intelligence techniques to give the idea for the classification of experimental data from PMS. We found 25 randomized controlled studies with 1949 participants (mean ± SD: 77.96 ± 22.753) using the PRISMA technique, and all were high-quality studies. We also extracted the closest terms related to our study using network visualization techniques. This work has revealed the future direction and research gap on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in PMS. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that bioactive molecules such as curcumin, allicin, anethole, thymoquinone, cyanidin 3-glucoside, gamma-linoleic acid, and various molecules not only have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but also other various activities such as GABA-A receptor agonist, serotonergic, antidepressant, sedative, and analgesic. Traditional Unani Herbal medicine and nutritional supplements can effectively relieve PMS symptoms as they possess many bioactive molecules that are pharmacologically proven for the aforementioned properties. Hence, these biomolecules might influence a complex physical and psychological disease process like PMS. However, more rigorous research studies are recommended for in-depth knowledge of the efficacy of bioactive molecules on premenstrual syndrome in clinical trials.
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Slevin M, Heidari N, Azamfirei L. Monomeric C-Reactive Protein: Current Perspectives for Utilization and Inclusion as a Prognostic Indicator and Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866379. [PMID: 35309334 PMCID: PMC8930844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP), once thought to be a figment of the imagination and whose biological activity was ascribed to its sodium azide preservative, has now pronounced itself as a critical molecule playing a direct role in mediating many of the acute and chronic aberrant pathological responses to inflammation. In this focused mini review, we describe the currently attributed pathobiological interactions of mCRP in disease, where its tissue and cellular distribution and deposition have recently been clearly characterized and linked to inflammation and other pathway-associated progression of neurological and cardiovascular complications and deleterious outcomes. and focus upon current opinions as to the diagnostic and prognostic potential of mCRP-plasma circulating protein and define the possible future therapeutics including ongoing research attempting to block CRP dissociation with small molecule inhibitors or prevention of cell surface binding directly using antibodies or modified orphan drug targeting directed towards CRP, inhibiting its cellular interactions and signaling activation. There is no doubt that understanding the full influence of the biological power of mCRP in disease development and outcome will be considered a critical parameter in future stratified treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slevin
- Department of Life Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
- The Regenerative Clinic, London, United Kingdom
- The School of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mark Slevin, ;
| | - Nima Heidari
- Department of Life Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
- The Regenerative Clinic, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard Azamfirei
- Department of Life Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
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