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Moyama S, Yamada Y, Makabe N, Fujita H, Araki A, Suzuki A, Seino Y, Shide K, Kimura K, Murotani K, Honda H, Kobayashi M, Fujita S, Yasuda K, Kuroe A, Tsukiyama K, Seino Y, Yabe D. Efficacy and Safety of 6-Month High Dietary Protein Intake in Hospitalized Adults Aged 75 or Older at Nutritional Risk: An Exploratory, Randomized, Controlled Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2024. [PMID: 37432141 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of increased dietary protein in daily-life settings in Japan for 6 months on the activities of daily living (ADL) in adults aged 75 or older at nutritional risk. The study was an open-label, exploratory, randomized controlled trial conducted at seven hospitals in Japan. The study participants were adults aged 75 or older who were hospitalized for treatable cancer, pneumonia, fractures, and/or urinary-tract infection at nutritional risk. The primary outcome was change in grip strength, skeletal muscle, and ADL indices (Barthel index, Lawton score). One hundred sixty-nine patients were randomly assigned to the intensive care (IC) or standard care (SC) group; the protein intake goals (g/kgw/day) were 1.5 for IC and 1.0 for SC. There was a significant improvement in grip strength only in the IC group (1.1 kg: 95% CI 0.1 to 2.1) (p = 0.02). While the skeletal muscle index and ADL indices were not significantly improved in either group, the improvement ratio tended to be greater in the IC group. There was no decrease in renal function in either group. Thus, intervention of increased dietary protein in daily-life settings for 6 months in adults aged 75 or older with treatable cancer, pneumonia, fractures, and/or urinary-tract infection and at nutritional risk may be effective in ameliorating loss of muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Moyama
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Center for Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Noboru Makabe
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Center for Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
- Department of Human Life Sciences, Mimasaka University, Tsuyama 708-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-0852, Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Shide
- Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kimura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, Takizawa 020-0605, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Biostatistics Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroto Honda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aino University, Ibaraki 567-0012, Japan
| | - Mariko Kobayashi
- Department of Health and Welfare, Settsu City Hall, Settsu 566-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- College of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yasuda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saiseikai-Noe Hospital, Osaka 536-0001, Japan
| | - Akira Kuroe
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Hikone Municipal Hospital, Hikone 522-0057, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tsukiyama
- Center for Diabetes, Kobayashi Memorial Hospital, Hekinan 447-0863, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Center for Preemptive Food Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Center for Research, Education and Life Design, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Kubo S, Imano H, Muraki I, Kitamura A, Noda H, Cui R, Maruyama K, Yamagishi K, Umesawa M, Shimizu Y, Hayama-Terada M, Kiyama M, Okada T, Iso H. Total protein intake and subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:32. [PMID: 37211392 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether dietary protein intake worsens renal function in the general population has been discussed but not yet determined. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between dietary protein intake and risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We conducted a 12-year follow-up study with 3,277 Japanese adults (1,150 men and 2,127 women) aged 40-74 years, initially free from CKD, who participated in cardiovascular risk surveys from two Japanese communities under the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. The development of CKD was defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the follow-up period. Protein intake was measured at baseline by using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. We estimated sex-, age-, community- and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for incident CKD were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression models according to quartiles of percentage of energy (%energy) from protein intake. RESULTS During 26,422 person-years of follow-up, 300 participants developed CKD (137 men and 163 women). The sex-, age-, and community-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval, CI) for the highest (≥16.9%energy) versus lowest (≤13.4%energy) quartiles of total protein intake was 0.66 (0.48-0.90), p for trend = 0.007. The multivariable HR (95%CI) was 0.72 (0.52-0.99), p for trend = 0.016 after further adjustment for body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, diabetes mellitus, serum total cholesterol levels, cholesterol-lowering medication use, total energy intake, and baseline eGFR. The association did not vary by sex, age, and baseline eGFR. When examining animal and vegetable protein intake separately, the respective multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.77 (0.56-1.08), p for trend = 0.036, and 1.24 (0.89-1.75), p for trend = 0.270. CONCLUSIONS Higher protein intake, more specifically animal protein intake was associated with a lower risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachimi Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University
| | - Hironori Imano
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Isao Muraki
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Yao City Public Health Center
| | - Hiroyuki Noda
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Cabinet Secretariat
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okanami General Hospital
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Special Course of Food and Health Science, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba
| | - Mitsumasa Umesawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
| | - Mina Hayama-Terada
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Yao City Public Health Center
| | - Masahiko Kiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
| | - Takeo Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
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Song Y, Lobene AJ, Wang Y, Hill Gallant KM. The DASH Diet and Cardiometabolic Health and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review of the Evidence in East Asian Countries. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030984. [PMID: 33803731 PMCID: PMC8003274 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading public health problem in East Asia. Diet is an important modifiable risk factor; thus, adopting a healthy diet such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet may help combat these chronic diseases. The DASH diet was originally developed in a U.S. population, and East Asia is demographically and culturally different from the U.S. Therefore, it is important to examine the evidence regarding the DASH diet and chronic disease in this unique population. This narrative review summarizes the evidence on the DASH diet and cardiometabolic health and CKD in East Asia. Culturally-modified DASH diets have been developed in some East Asian countries. Studies suggest the DASH diet is effective at lowering blood pressure in this population, though the long-term benefits remain unclear. Evidence also suggests the DASH diet may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Further research indicates the DASH diet and its components may reduce CKD risk. However, recommending the DASH diet in those who already have CKD is controversial, as it conflicts with current CKD dietary guidelines, especially in advanced CKD. Notably, current intakes in the general population differ from the DASH dietary pattern, suggesting public health efforts would be needed to encourage adoption of the DASH diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Song
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Andrea J. Lobene
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kathleen M. Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Ryu J, Yoon SR, An WS, Kim OY. Relationship between Nutrition Intake and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Korean Adults (30-65 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Clin Nutr Res 2018; 7:102-111. [PMID: 29713618 PMCID: PMC5921327 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2018.7.2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutrition intake and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) indicating kidney function in Korean individuals without diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Study participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 (n = 4,378, 30–65 years) were classified by their eGFR levels (mL/min/1.732 m2): ≥ 120 (n = 299), 119–105 (n = 789), 104–90 (n = 1,578), 89–60 (n = 1,685), < 60 (n = 27). After adjusted for confounding factors (age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, total caloric intake [TCI], income status, education level, body mass index, and physical activity), blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin were higher, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in participants with lower eGFR levels than those with higher eGFR levels. n-3 fatty acid (FA) and n-6 FA (% of TCI/day) intake were also significantly higher in participants with higher eGFR levels than in those with lower eGFR levels. Based on the above results, participants were subdivided into 3 groups according to n-6 FA intake levels (Q1: ≥ 2.93%, n = 1,462; Q2: 2.92%–1.88%, n = 1,463; Q3: < 1.88%, n = 1,453). People consuming higher n-6 FAs, particularly the Q1 group showed higher eGFR levels and lower levels of LDL cholesterol and creatinine. In conclusion, higher intake of n-6 FAs within the range of dietary reference may be beneficial to maintain healthy kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 Project, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.,Department of Nutrition Management, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - So Ra Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 Project, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Won Suk An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Busan 21 Project, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
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Yuzbashian E, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Hosseini FS, Azizi F. Associations of dietary macronutrients with glomerular filtration rate and kidney dysfunction: Tehran lipid and glucose study. J Nephrol 2014; 28:173-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nishimura K, Okamura T, Watanabe M, Nakai M, Takegami M, Higashiyama A, Kokubo Y, Okayama A, Miyamoto Y. Predicting Coronary Heart Disease Using Risk Factor Categories for a Japanese Urban Population, and Comparison with the Framingham Risk Score: The Suita Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:784-98. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.19356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Long-term outcome of healthy participants with atrial premature complex: a 15-year follow-up of the NIPPON DATA 90 cohort. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80853. [PMID: 24260495 PMCID: PMC3834303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial premature complexes (APC) are among the most frequently encountered electrocardiographic abnormalities. However, their prognostic value among healthy individuals is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the role of APC in predicting cardiovascular events in a large Japanese community cohort using long-term follow-up data. Methods National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease And its Trends in the Aged, 1990-2005, (NIPPON DATA 90) was a large cohort study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Japan. A total of 7692 otherwise healthy participants with no history of myocardial infarction, stroke, atrial fibrillation, or atrial flutter were enrolled (men, 41.5%; mean age, 52.5 ± 13.7 years). Results A total of 64 (0.8%) participants had at least one beat of APC on screening 12-lead electrocardiogram. During the follow-up of 14.0 ± 2.9 years (total, 107,474 patient-years), 338 deaths occurred due to CVD. The association between APC and CVD outcome was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Cox regression analysis revealed that the presence of APC was an independent predictor for CVD deaths (HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.12–3.66, P = 0.019). The association of APC on CVD death was more evident in participants with hypertension (P-value for interaction, 0.03). Conclusions APC recorded during the screening electrocardiogram are significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD deaths in a Japanese community-dwelling population and are a strong prognostic factor for hypertensive participants.
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Inohara T, Kohsaka S, Okamura T, Watanabe M, Nakamura Y, Higashiyama A, Kadota A, Okuda N, Murakami Y, Ohkubo T, Miura K, Okayama A, Ueshima H. Cumulative impact of axial, structural, and repolarization ECG findings on long-term cardiovascular mortality among healthy individuals in Japan: National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-Communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged, 1980 and 1990. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 21:1501-8. [PMID: 23918839 DOI: 10.1177/2047487313500568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Various cohort studies have shown a close association between long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and individual electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities such as axial, structural, and repolarization changes. The combined effect of these ECG abnormalities, each assumed to be benign, has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Community-dwelling Japanese residents from the National Integrated Project for Perspective Observation of Non-Communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged, 1980-2004 and 1990-2005 (NIPPON DATA80 and 90), were included in this study. Baseline ECG findings were classified using the Minnesota Code and categorized into axial (left axis deviation, clockwise rotation), structural (left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial enlargement), and repolarization (minor and major ST-T changes) abnormalities. The hazard ratios of the cumulative impacts of ECG findings on long-term CVD death were estimated by stratified Cox proportional hazard models, including adjustments for cohort strata. In all, 16,816 participants were evaluated. The average age was 51.2 ± 13.5 years; 42.7% participants were male. The duration of follow up was 300,924 person-years (mean 17.9 ± 5.8 years); there were 1218 CVD deaths during that time. Overall, 4203 participants (25.0%) had one or more categorical ECG abnormalities: 3648 (21.7%) had a single abnormality, and 555 (3.3%) had two or more. The risk of CVD mortality increased as the number of abnormalities accumulated (single abnormality HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13-1.48; ≥2 abnormalities HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.73-2.53). CONCLUSIONS Individual ECG abnormalities had an additive effect in predicting CVD outcome risk in our large-scale cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Inohara
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Aya Kadota
- Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Akira Okayama
- First Institute for Health Promotion and Health Care, Tokyo, Japan
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Ho VW, Leung K, Hsu A, Luk B, Lai J, Shen SY, Minchinton AI, Waterhouse D, Bally MB, Lin W, Nelson BH, Sly LM, Krystal G. A low carbohydrate, high protein diet slows tumor growth and prevents cancer initiation. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4484-93. [PMID: 21673053 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since cancer cells depend on glucose more than normal cells, we compared the effects of low carbohydrate (CHO) diets to a Western diet on the growth rate of tumors in mice. To avoid caloric restriction-induced effects, we designed the low CHO diets isocaloric with the Western diet by increasing protein rather than fat levels because of the reported tumor-promoting effects of high fat and the immune-stimulating effects of high protein. We found that both murine and human carcinomas grew slower in mice on diets containing low amylose CHO and high protein compared with a Western diet characterized by relatively high CHO and low protein. There was no weight difference between the tumor-bearing mice on the low CHO or Western diets. Additionally, the low CHO-fed mice exhibited lower blood glucose, insulin, and lactate levels. Additive antitumor effects with the low CHO diets were observed with the mTOR inhibitor CCI-779 and especially with the COX-2 inhibitor Celebrex, a potent anti-inflammatory drug. Strikingly, in a genetically engineered mouse model of HER-2/neu-induced mammary cancer, tumor penetrance in mice on a Western diet was nearly 50% by the age of 1 year whereas no tumors were detected in mice on the low CHO diet. This difference was associated with weight gains in mice on the Western diet not observed in mice on the low CHO diet. Moreover, whereas only 1 mouse on the Western diet achieved a normal life span, due to cancer-associated deaths, more than 50% of the mice on the low CHO diet reached or exceeded the normal life span. Taken together, our findings offer a compelling preclinical illustration of the ability of a low CHO diet in not only restricting weight gain but also cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Ho
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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