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Mansoor M, Hamer O, Sandrasekar K, Argent C, Hill J. Walking as an intervention to reduce blood pressure in adults with hypertension: recommendations and implications for clinical practise. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CARDIAC NURSING 2023; 18:2022.0119. [PMID: 38807750 PMCID: PMC7616014 DOI: 10.12968/bjca.2022.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension affects more than 1 in 4 adults, equating to around 1.39 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is defined as an elevation in systolic blood pressure above 140mmHg. This can increase cardiovascular and stroke risk. By lowering blood pressure, individuals can mitigate an increased risk of stroke and end-organ damage. While medications have proven beneficial to lowering blood pressure, they do have the potential for side effects. Other non-pharmacological lifestyle and dietary changes exist. This article critically appraises a systematic review which assesses whether walking can reduce blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mansoor
- NHS Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Oliver Hamer
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration - Northwest Coast, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | - Candiss Argent
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - James Hill
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration - Northwest Coast, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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2
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Zhu C, Walsh C, Zhou L, Zhang X. Latent Classification Analysis of Leisure Activities and Their Impact on ADL, IADL and Cognitive Ability of Older Adults Based on CLHLS (2008-2018). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1546. [PMID: 36674302 PMCID: PMC9864528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to research the trajectory of leisure activity and the health status of older adults and analyze the effects of leisure activity on the health status of older adults. Based on the longitudinal data of CLHLS (2008-2018), the latent growth curve model (LGCM) was used; we found that the leisure activities (LA), activities of daily living (ADL) ability, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) ability, and cognitive ability (COG) of older adults show a nonlinear downward trend over time. Furthermore, the panel binary regression analysis is used to find that leisure activities have significant inhibitory effects on ADL disorder, IADL disorder, and cognitive impairment in the older population. In addition, by using latent profile analysis (LPA), the older population is classified into three groups according to the homogeneity of the older adults' choice of leisure activities, namely the types of relaxation, entertainment, and intellectual-learning, respectively. Based on the classification results, the analysis of one-way ANOVA shows that the rates of ADL disorder, IADL disorder, and cognitive impairment of older adults with different types are significantly different. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of leisure activities on the rate of ADL disorder, IADL disorder, and cognitive impairment of older adults is more significant in the middle-aged and high-aged groups. Therefore, older adults should be encouraged to increase leisure activities, especially those who are middle-aged and high-aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Change Zhu
- Department of Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Christine Walsh
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lulin Zhou
- Department of Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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Kammire MS, Deal AM, Damone EM, Rosen V, Nyrop KA, Mitin N, Muss HB. Does walking during chemotherapy impact
p16
INK4a
levels in women with early breast cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24753. [DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Kammire
- School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Allison M. Deal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Emily M. Damone
- Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Vanessa Rosen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kirsten A. Nyrop
- School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Natalia Mitin
- Sapere Bio Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Hyman B. Muss
- School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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Fernández-Ballesteros R, Valeriano-Lorenzo E, Sánchez-Izquierdo M, Botella J. Behavioral Lifestyles and Survival: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 12:786491. [PMID: 35185686 PMCID: PMC8854179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.786491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the association between Behavioral Lifestyles (regular physical activity, healthy diet, sleeping, and weight control) and longevity in the elderly. A search strategy was conducted in the PsycInfo, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus databases. The primary outcome was mortality/survival. Four variables (mean of participant's age at the baseline of the study, follow-up years of the study, gender, and year of publication) were analyzed to evaluate the role of potential moderators. Ninety-three articles, totaling more than 2,800,000 people, were included in the meta-analysis. We found that the lifestyles analyzed predict greater survival. Specifically, doing regular physical activity, engaging in leisure activities, sleeping 7-8 h a day, and staying outside the BMI ranges considered as underweight or obesity are habits that each separately has a greater probability associated with survival after a period of several years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Botella
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Useche SA, Hezaveh AM, Llamazares FJ, Cherry C. Not gendered… but different from each other? A structural equation model for explaining risky road behaviors of female and male pedestrians. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 150:105942. [PMID: 33338915 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As alternative transportation is getting more and more fashionable, and more people worldwide are "shifting" to walking trips, even for their daily commuting, traffic crashes suffered by pedestrians are still a great concern for road safety and public health researchers and practitioners. In this regard, risky or "aberrant" road behaviors have emerged, during the last few years, as a key issue to be considered for crash prevention. Nevertheless, the idea of a "generic pedestrian" is getting re-evaluated, and analyzing key features, such as gender, seems to be crucial for understanding pedestrians' performance and safety outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the effect of gender on pedestrians' both deliberate (traffic violations) and undeliberate (errors) risky walking behaviors, considering a set of theoretically based demographic and psychosocial variables as their potential predictors. METHOD For this cross-sectional study, data from 1070 Spanish pedestrians (60 % females and 40 % males, aged between 16 and 79) from the 17 regions of Spain, responding to an electronic questionnaire, were analyzed through a multi-group structural equation modeling (MGSEM) approach. RESULTS Although age, handheld device-interaction, and sensation-seeking seem to have a similar effect on the errors and violations reported by both genders (similarities), factors such as risk perception, educational level and the misbehaviors observed in other road users are significant predictors only in the case of male pedestrians. On the other hand, road distractions have been shown to play a significant role in females' errors and violations, while males' road distractions seem to only affect their involuntary risky behaviors. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the influence of gender in the statistical explanation of both deliberate and undeliberate walking risky road behaviors, also depicting the differential role of certain demographic and psychosocial factors when we compare male and female pedestrians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Useche
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46022, Spain; INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
| | - Amin Mohamadi Hezaveh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2313, United States.
| | | | - Christopher Cherry
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2313, United States.
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Villaveces A, Sanhueza A, Henríquez Roldán CF, Escamilla-Cejudo JA, Rodrigues EMS. Transport modes and road traffic mortality in the Americas: Deaths among pedestrian and motorcycle users through the lifespan. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2021; 28:103-112. [PMID: 33491551 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2020.1858112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the Americas, almost half of road traffic deaths occur among motorcycle users and pedestrians (23% and 22%, respectively). Recent individual country trends show that nations are experiencing changes in deaths depending on the mode of transport used. While national trends are useful, analyses of disaggregated data by sex and age may provide more information about the impact of traffic crashes at different stages of the life course. Methods: We used mortality data from all land transport modes reported to PAHO/WHO (2000-2015) and included them in an ecological study to quantify temporal trends and estimate the association between mortality by mode, age group, sex, and selected socio-economic indicators. Results: Motorcycle and pedestrian mortality rates remain extremely high. Males younger less than 45 years have a higher burden of motorcycle-related mortality while older persons tend to die more as pedestrians. Discussion: Policies differentially aimed at addressing deaths by mode of transport and age are necessary because active living improves wellbeing especially among older individuals. For this to occur, safe environments must be created or maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Villaveces
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Kessler M, Thumé E, Scholes S, Marmot M, Facchini LA, Nunes BP, Machado KP, Soares MU, de Oliveira C. Modifiable risk factors for 9-year mortality in older English and Brazilian adults: The ELSA and SIGa-Bagé ageing cohorts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4375. [PMID: 32152345 PMCID: PMC7062886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To quantify and compare 9-year all-cause mortality risk attributable to modifiable risk factors among older English and Brazilian adults. We used data for participants aged 60 years and older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Bagé Cohort Study of Ageing (SIGa-Bagé). The five modifiable risk factors assessed at baseline were smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and physical inactivity. Deaths were identified through linkage to mortality registers. For each risk factor, estimated all-cause mortality hazard ratios (HR) and population attributable fractions (PAF) were adjusted by age, sex, all other risk factors and socioeconomic position (wealth) using Cox proportional hazards modelling. We also quantified the risk factor adjusted wealth gradients in mortality, by age and sex. Among the participants, 659 (ELSA) and 638 (SIGa-Bagé) died during the 9-year follow-up. Mortality rates were higher in SIGa-Bagé. HRs and PAFs showed more similarities than differences, with physical inactivity (PAF 16.5% ELSA; 16.7% SIGa-Bagé) and current smoking (PAF 4.9% for both cohorts) having the strongest association. A clear graded relationship existed between the number of risk factors and subsequent mortality. Wealth gradients in mortality were apparent in both cohorts after full adjustment, especially among men aged 60-74 in ELSA. A different pattern was found among older women, especially in SIGa-Bagé. These findings call attention for the challenge to health systems to prevent and modify the major risk factors related to non-communicable diseases, especially physical inactivity and smoking. Furthermore, wealth inequalities in mortality persist among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciane Kessler
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.
| | - Elaine Thumé
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Shaun Scholes
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Augusto Facchini
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pereira Nunes
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karla Pereira Machado
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Uhlmann Soares
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Bielemann RM, LaCroix AZ, Bertoldi AD, Tomasi E, Demarco FF, Gonzalez MC, Crespo da Silva PA, Wendt A, Mohnsam da Silva IC, Brage S, Ekelund U, Pratt M. Objectively Measured Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Mortality among Brazilian Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:137-146. [PMID: 31592540 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Use of objectively measured physical activity (PA) in older adults to assess relationship between PA and risk of all-causes mortality is scarce. This study evaluated the associations of PA based on accelerometry and a questionnaire with the risk of mortality among older adults from a city in Southern Brazil. DESIGN A cohort study. SETTING Urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of older adults (≥60 y) from Pelotas, enrolled in 2014. MEASUREMENTS Overall physical activity (mg), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were estimated by raw accelerometer data. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire estimated leisure time and commuting PA. Hazard ratios (excluding deaths in the first 6 mo) stratified by sex were estimated by Cox regression analysis considering adjustment for confounders. RESULTS From the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 145 died (10%) after a follow-up of an average 2.6 years. Men and women in the highest tertile of overall PA had on average a 77% and 92% lower risk of mortality than their less active counterparts (95% confidence interval [CI] = .06-.84 and 95% CI = .01-.65, respectively). The highest tertile of LPA was also related to a lower risk of mortality in individuals of both sexes (74% and 91% lower risk among men and women, respectively). MVPA statistically reduced the risk of mortality only among women (hazard ratio [HR] = .30 and HR = .07 in the second and third tertiles). Self-reported leisure-time PA was statistically associated with a lower risk of mortality only among men. Women in the highest tertiles of commuting PA showed a lower risk of mortality than those in the reference group. CONCLUSION Accelerometry-based PA was associated with a lower risk of mortality among Brazilian older adults. Older individuals should practice any type of PA. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:137-146, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Bielemann
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Andréa D Bertoldi
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Elaine Tomasi
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Wendt
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Pratt
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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Blond K, Brinkløv CF, Ried-Larsen M, Crippa A, Grøntved A. Association of high amounts of physical activity with mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:1195-1201. [PMID: 31406017 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review and analyse studies of high amounts of physical activity and mortality risk in the general population. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Inclusion criteria related to follow-up (minimum 2 years), outcome (mortality from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or coronary heart disease), exposure (eg, a category of >1000 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) min/week), study design (prospective cohort, nested case control or case-cohort) and reports of cases and person years of exposure categories. INFORMATION SOURCES Systematic searches were conducted in Embase and Pubmed from database inception to 2 March 2019. RISK OF BIAS The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. INCLUDED STUDIES From 31 368 studies identified, 48 were included. Two authors independently extracted outcome estimates and assessed study quality. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) using random effect restricted cubic spline dose-response meta-analyses. Compared with the recommended level of physical activity (750 MET min/week), mortality risk was lower at physical activity levels exceeding the recommendations, at least until 5000 MET min/week for all cause mortality (HR=0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94) and for CVD mortality (HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95). STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF EVIDENCE The strengths of this study include the detailed dose-response analyses, inclusion of 48 studies and examination of sources of heterogeneity. The limitations include the observational nature of the included studies and the inaccurate estimations of amount of physical activity. INTERPRETATION Compared with the recommended level, mortality risk was lower at physical activity levels well above the recommended target range. Further, there was no threshold beyond which lifespan was compromised. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017055727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Blond
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark .,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Fau Brinkløv
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessio Crippa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Rennemark M, Jogréus C, Elmståhl S, Welmer AK, Wimo A, Sanmartin-Berglund J. Relationships Between Frequency of Moderate Physical Activity and Longevity: An 11-Year Follow-up Study. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418786565. [PMID: 30046648 PMCID: PMC6055105 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418786565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Moderate physical activity gains survival. There are, however, several variables that may affect this relationship. In this study, the relationship between moderate physical activity and longevity was investigated, taking into account age, gender, smoking habits, cohabitation status, body mass index, leg strength and balance, education level and cognitive function. Method: A sample of 8,456 individuals aged 60 to 96 years, representative of the Swedish population, was included. Participants were followed from 2004 to 2015. Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the predictive value of physical activity on longevity. Results: Participants still alive in the follow-up measure were more physically active on a moderate level. Being active 2 to 3 times a week or more was related to a 28% lower risk of not being alive at the follow-up measure. Discussion: The low frequency of physical activity, necessary for survival benefits should be considered in public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Rennemark
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Claes Jogréus
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anders Wimo
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Uppsala University, Sweden
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Yamamoto N, Miyazaki H, Shimada M, Nakagawa N, Sawada SS, Nishimuta M, Kimura Y, Kawakami R, Nagayama H, Asai H, Lee IM, Blair SN, Yoshitake Y. Daily step count and all-cause mortality in a sample of Japanese elderly people: a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:540. [PMID: 29685125 PMCID: PMC5913891 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the relationship between pedometer-assessed daily step count and all-cause mortality in a sample of elderly Japanese people. Methods Participants included 419 (228 males and 191 females) physically independent, community-dwelling 71-year-old Japanese people. The number of steps per day was measured by a waist-mounted pedometer for seven consecutive days at baseline. Participants were divided into quartiles based on their average number of steps/day (first quartile, < 4503 steps/day; second quartile, 4503–6110 steps/day; third quartile, 6111–7971 steps/day; fourth quartile, > 7972 steps/day) and were followed up over a mean period of 9.8 years (1999–2010) for mortality. Results Seventy-six participants (18.1%) died during the follow-up period. The hazard ratios (adjusted for sex, body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and medication use) for mortality across the quartiles of daily step count (lowest to highest) were 1.00 (reference), 0.81 (95%CI, 0.43–1.54), 1.26 (95%CI, 0.70–2.26), and 0.46 (95%CI, 0.22–0.96) (P for trend = 0.149). Participants in the highest quartile had a significantly lower risk of death compared with participants in the lowest quartile. Conclusion This study suggested that a high daily step count is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in physically independent Japanese elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Yamamoto
- Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori,Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Mieko Shimada
- Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 2-10-1, Wakaba, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-0014, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- SANNO University, 1573 Kamikasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1197, Japan
| | - Susumu S Sawada
- Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nishimuta
- Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kimura
- Research Center for Fitness & Health Sciences, 2-8-9-808, Takada, Toyoshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-0033, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagayama
- Kyushu Otani Junior College, 495-1 Kurakazu, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0054, Japan
| | - Hidenori Asai
- Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, CA, 29208, USA
| | - Yutaka Yoshitake
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu-cho, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
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Leal AGF, Vancini RL, Gentil P, Benedito-Silva AA, da Silva AC, Campos MH, Andrade MS, de Lira CAB. Knowledge about sport and exercise science. HEALTH EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/he-06-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to assess the knowledge on sport and exercise science held by a sample of Brazilian physiotherapists, nutritionists and physical educators.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional research design was used. The answers given by 1,147 professionals (300 physiotherapists, 705 physical educators and 142 nutritionists) who participated in a qualifying process for a specialization course on exercise physiology were analyzed. Questions were analyzed on maximal oxygen uptake (four questions), physical fitness assessment (three questions), physical training (two questions), bioenergetics (one question) and exercise in extreme environments (one question).
Findings
The results revealed misconceptions held by Brazilian health professionals on a number of concepts related to sport and exercise science, such as maximal oxygen uptake.
Practical implications
These results reinforce the need for continuing education programs to maximize the quality of the service provided by sport and exercise science professionals in Brazil. Improvements in the undergraduate courses curriculum are also recommended.
Originality/value
This is the first study to assess misconceptions about sport and exercise science among Brazilian health professionals.
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Swarbrick M, Nemec PB, Brandow CL, Spagnolo A. Strategies to Promote Walking Among Community-Dwelling Individuals With Major Mental Disorders. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2018; 56:25-32. [PMID: 29215694 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20171205-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with major mental disorders could benefit from low cost, functional ways to support healthy lifestyles. Walking is a popular, preferred, accessible, and safe physical activity for many people. Walking is free, requiring no specialized equipment or membership fee, and is important to support engagement in other daily living activities. The current study explores the benefits of walking and strategies for promoting walking among community-dwelling individuals with major mental disorders. Key issues include strengthening engagement, tracking progress, and sustaining participation to achieve goals related to walking. The authors propose ways that nurses can support increased walking behavior for improved health and well-being in this population. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56(3), 25-32.].
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Neighbourhood greenspace is associated with a slower decline in physical activity in older adults: A prospective cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:683-691. [PMID: 28018960 PMCID: PMC5165047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining physical activity in later life is important for maintaining health and function. Activity outdoors, such as walking, jogging and cycling, may provide an accessible, sociable and practical solution, but maintaining outdoor mobility may be a challenge in later life. Providing green environments which are supportive of physical activity may facilitate this, yet research into how greenspace could be best used is inconclusive. This study evaluates the role of greenspace in protecting against decline in physical activity over time in older adults. Data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Norfolk, UK, cohort 1993-2009 (N=15,672) was used. Linear regression modelling was used to examine the association between exposure to greenspace in the home neighbourhood and change in overall, recreational and outdoor physical activity measured in terms of metabolic equivalent cost (MET) in hours/week. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess if dog walking explained the relationship between greenspace and physical activity change. Models were adjusted for known and hypothesised confounders. People living in greener neighbourhoods experienced less of a decline in physical activity than those living in less green areas. Comparing change for those living in the greenest versus least green quartiles, participants showed a difference in overall physical activity of 4.21 MET hours/week (trend P=0.001), adjusted for baseline physical activity, age, sex, BMI, social class and marital status. This difference was 4.03 MET hours/week for recreational physical activity (trend P<0.001) and 1.28 MET hours/week for outdoor physical activity (trend P=0.007). Dog walking partially mediated the association between greenspace and physical activity change, by 22.6% for overall, 28.1% for recreational and 50.0% for outdoor physical activity (all P<0.001). Greenspace in the home neighbourhood may be protective against decline in physical activity among older people as they age. Dog walking is a potential mechanism in this relationship, and warrants further investigation as a way of maintaining physical activity in later life.
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Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7239639. [PMID: 26823952 PMCID: PMC4707375 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7239639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular diseases, the molecular transducers of exercise/physical activity benefits are not fully identified but should be further investigated in more integrative and innovative approaches, as they bear the potential for transformative discoveries of novel therapeutic targets. As aging and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated via complex and interconnected pathways, we will focus in this review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise, mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, immune system, and cardiovascular system by modulating anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines profile, redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, and repair proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome complex, oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, uracil DNA glycosylase, and telomerase. It is important to note that the effects of exercise vary depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise as well as on the individual's characteristics; therefore, the development of personalized exercise programs is essential.
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