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Kuwahara K, Ohkubo T, Inoue Y, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Nakagawa T, Okazaki H, Yamamoto M, Miyamoto T, Gommori N, Kochi T, Ogasawara T, Yamamoto K, Konishi M, Kabe I, Dohi S, Mizoue T. Blood pressure classification using the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension and cardiovascular events among young to middle-aged working adults. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1861-1870. [PMID: 38584158 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The Japanese Society of Hypertension updated guidelines for hypertension management (JSH2019), changing the blood pressure (BP) classification. However, evidence is sparse regarding the association of the classification with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among young to middle-aged workers in Japan. We examined this issue using longitudinal data from Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study with a prospective cohort design. Participants were 81,876 workers (aged 20-64 years) without taking antihypertensive medication at baseline. BP in 2011 or 2010 was used as exposure. CVD events that occurred from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved from a within-study registry. Cox regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of CVD events. During 0.5 million person-years of follow-up, 334 cardiovascular events, 75 cardiovascular deaths, and 322 all-cause deaths were documented. Compared with normal BP (systolic BP [SBP] < 120 mmHg and diastolic BP [DBP] < 80 mmHg), multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cardiovascular events were 1.98 (1.49-2.65), 2.10 (1.58-2.77), 3.48 (2.33-5.19), 4.12 (2.22-7.64), and 7.81 (3.99-15.30) for high normal BP (SBP120-129 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg), elevated BP (SBP130-139 mmHg and/or DBP80-89 mmHg), stage 1 hypertension (SBP140-159 mmHg and DBP90-99 mmHg), stage 2 hypertension (SBP160-179 mmHg and/or DBP100-109 mmHg), and stage 3 hypertension (SBP ≥ 180 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 110 mmHg), respectively. The highest population attributable fraction was observed in elevated BP (17.8%), followed by stage 1 hypertension (14.1%). The present data suggest that JSH2019 may help identify Japanese workers at a higher cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Public Health, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Healthcare Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Toshiaki Miyamoto
- EAST NIPPON WORKS Kimitsu Area, NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Gommori
- East Japan Works (Kehin), JFE Steel Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Kenya Yamamoto
- Division of Chemical Information, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Maeda T. Taking action for controlling high blood pressure: challenges in the real world. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1894-1896. [PMID: 38769139 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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Van Hoang D, Inoue Y, Fukunaga A, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Okazaki H, Yamamoto M, Miyamoto T, Gommori N, Kochi T, Shirasaka T, Eguchi M, Ogasawara T, Yamamoto K, Konishi M, Katayama N, Kabe I, Dohi S, Mizoue T. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of severe cancer events: a longitudinal study in Japanese workers. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:555. [PMID: 37328825 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with cancer risk; however, little is known regarding its relationship with the risk of cancer-related premature death and long-term sick leave (LTSL), which can lead to a substantial loss in working years. The present study aimed to quantify the all-site and site-specific associations between MetS and the risk of severe cancer events (a composite outcome of LTSL and mortality due to cancer) in a large working population in Japan. METHODS We recruited 70,875 workers (59,950 men and 10,925 women), aged 20-59 years, who attended health check-ups in 2011 (10 companies) and 2014 (2 companies). All workers underwent follow up for severe cancer events until March 31, 2020. MetS was defined in accordance with the Joint Interim Statement. Cox regression models were used to quantify the association between baseline MetS and severe cancer events. RESULTS During 427,379 person-years of follow-up, 523 participants experienced the outcome consisting of 493 LTSLs of which 124 eventually resulted in death, and 30 deaths without taking LTSL. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for composite severe events due to all-site, obesity-related, and non-obesity-related cancer among those with vs. without MetS were 1.26 (1.03, 1.55), 1.37 (1.04, 1.82), and 1.15 (0.84, 1.56), respectively. In cancer site-specific analyses, MetS was associated with an increased risk of severe events due to pancreatic cancer (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 0.99-4.26). When mortality was treated solely as the endpoint, the association was significant for all-site (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.10-2.26), and obesity-related (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.00-2.54) cancer. Additionally, a greater number of MetS components was associated with a greater risk of both severe cancer events and cancer-related mortality (P trend < 0.05). CONCLUSION Among Japanese workers, MetS was associated with an increased risk of severe cancer events, especially those due to obesity-linked cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Van Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Naoki Gommori
- East Japan Works (Keihin), JFE Steel Corporation, Keihin, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenya Yamamoto
- Division of Chemical Information, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kiyose, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Nobumi Katayama
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
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Plana-Ripoll O, Weye N, Knudsen AK, Hakulinen C, Madsen KB, Christensen MK, Agerbo E, Laursen TM, Nordentoft M, Timmermann A, Whiteford H, Øverland S, Iburg KM, McGrath JJ. The association between mental disorders and subsequent years of working life: a Danish population-based cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:30-39. [PMID: 36480953 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders can affect workforce participation via a range of mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to estimate the association between different types of mental disorders and working years lost, defined as the number of years not actively working or enrolled in an educational programme. METHODS In this population-based cohort study, we included all people aged 18-65 years (mean 38·0 [SD 13·9]) in the Danish Civil Registration System from Jan 1, 1995 to Dec 31, 2016. Information on mental disorders was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and information on labour market characteristics was obtained from administrative registers. Follow-up started at age 18 years, immigration to Denmark, or on Jan 1, 1995, whichever came later; and it ended at age 65 years, death, emigration from Denmark, disability pension, voluntary early retirement, or Dec 31, 2016 (whichever came earlier). As the main outcome, we estimated working years lost for those diagnosed with any mental disorder and 24 types of mental disorders, as well as for the general population of same age and sex. We decomposed total working years lost into periods of unemployment or sick leave, disability pension, voluntary early retirement, or death. Data on ethnicity were not available through administrative registers. FINDINGS A total of 5 163 321 individuals, 2 642 383 men and 2 520 938 women, were followed up for 65·4 million person-years. Overall, 488 775 (9·47%) individuals were diagnosed with a mental disorder. On average, individuals with mental disorders lost an additional 10·52 (95% CI 10·48-10·57) years of working life compared with the general Danish population. Receiving a disability pension (7·54 [7·49-7·59] years) and longer periods of unemployment (2·24 [2·21-2·27] years) accounted for most of this difference. INTERPRETATION Our findings foreground the substantial impact of mental disorders on workforce participation. There is a need to invest in programmes that reduce the burden of working years lost and assist people with mental disorders in returning to the workforce. FUNDING Lundbeck Foundation and Danish National Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Nanna Weye
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ann Kristin Knudsen
- Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Welfare State Research and Reform, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Maria Klitgaard Christensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Munk Laursen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Timmermann
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Harvey Whiteford
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon Øverland
- Section for Health Care Collaboration, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - John J McGrath
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Collie A, Gray SE. The relationship between work disability and subsequent suicide or self-harm: A scoping review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000922. [PMID: 36962884 PMCID: PMC10021753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Work disability occurs when an injury or illness limits the ability of a worker to participate in employment. While evidence suggests that people with work disability are at increased risk of suicide and intentional self-harm, this relationship has not been the subject of systematic review. This scoping review aims to assess and summarise the research literature regarding the relationship between work disability and subsequent suicide or intentional self-harm. Review protocol was published on the Open Science Foundation and is reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Peer-reviewed studies published in English from 1st January 2000 were included if they reported suicide or self-harm outcomes in people aged 15 years or older with work disability. Studies were identified via systematic search of Medline, Scopus and Pubmed databases, via recommendation from topic experts, and citation searching of included articles. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Literature search yielded 859 records of which 47 eligible studies were included, nine set in workers' compensation, 20 in sickness absence, 13 in disability pension systems, and five from mixed cohorts. Of 44 quantitative studies, 41 reported a positive relationship between work disability and suicidal behaviour. The relationship is observed consistently across nations, work disability income support systems and health conditions. Several factors elevate risk of suicidal behaviour, including presence of mental health conditions and longer work disability duration. There were few studies in some nations and no suicide prevention interventions. The risk of suicide and self-harm is elevated in people experiencing work disability. Further observational research is required to fill evidence gaps. This review suggests the need for governments, employers and those involved in the care of people with work disability to focus on identification and monitoring of those at greatest risk of suicidal behaviour, and suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Collie
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shannon Elise Gray
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Shiri R, Hiilamo A, Lallukka T. Indicators and determinants of the years of working life lost: a narrative review. Scand J Public Health 2021; 49:666-674. [PMID: 33645306 PMCID: PMC8512267 DOI: 10.1177/1403494821993669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This narrative review summarizes the available indicators for working life
expectancy and years of working life lost (YWLL) and their determinants. Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase databases from their inception until August
2020 and screened all studies proposing an indicator for working life
expectancy or YWLL. We also reviewed studies focusing on sociodemographic,
lifestyle and work-related determinants of working life expectancy and YWLL.
The results were synthesized narratively. Results: We identified 13 different indicators for the length of working life or YWLL.
The most frequently used indicators were ‘working life expectancy’, ‘healthy
working life expectancy’, and YWLL. Working life expectancy and healthy
working life expectancy are longer for men than women. Working life
expectancy at the age of 50 has been increasing since the mid-90s, and the
increase has been larger for women, reducing the sex difference. Working
life is shorter for people with a low level of education, in lower
occupational classes, for people exposed to high physical work demands,
those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas, people with
overweight or obesity, smokers, people who are inactive during leisure time
and in people with a chronic health problem. Conclusions: Despite increasing interest in understanding the determinants of YWLL,
only a few studies have simultaneously considered multiple exit routes
from the labour market. We propose a new measure for total YWLL
considering all relevant exit routes from employment. This comprehensive
measure can be used to assess the effect of given policy changes on
prolonging working life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aapo Hiilamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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