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Harrison ME, Kanbur N, Canton K, Desai TS, Lim-Reinders S, Groulx C, Norris ML. Adolescents' Cannabis Knowledge and Risk Perception: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:402-440. [PMID: 37966406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
To systematically review evidence evaluating cannabis-related knowledge and perception of risk in children and adolescents. We systematically searched Medline, PsycINFO, and EMBASE using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. 133 studies from around the world (including ages 10-18 yrs) met inclusion criteria, with 70% meeting grade 2C quality. Increased knowledge and perception of risk of cannabis frequently correlated with lower levels of current use and intent to use. Studies examining correlations over time generally demonstrated increased adolescent cannabis use and decreased perception of risk. Included prevention-based interventions often enhanced knowledge and/or perception of risk in adolescents exposed to the intervention. Studies exploring outcomes relating to legislative changes for recreational marijuana use demonstrated considerable heterogeneity regarding knowledge and perception of risk whereas studies that focused on medicinal marijuana legislative changes overwhelmingly demonstrated a decrease in perception of risk post legalization. Increased knowledge and perception of risk of cannabis in adolescents often correlate with lower levels of current use and intention to use in the future. Further study and implementation of public health and clinically-oriented strategies that seek to increase knowledge among youth about the potential health harms of cannabis use should continue and be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Harrison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Adolescent Health, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nuray Kanbur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Adolescent Health, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Canton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tejas S Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chase Groulx
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark L Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Adolescent Health, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:173-181. [PMID: 34120221 PMCID: PMC8761139 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents' perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. METHODS The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents' own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. RESULTS Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents' illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents' own cigarette and alcohol use. CONCLUSION Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents' use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.
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Mehanović E, Virk HK, Akanidomo I, Pwajok J, Prichard G, van der Kreeft P, Vigna-Taglianti F. Correlates of cannabis and other illicit drugs use among secondary school adolescents in Nigeria. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107457. [PMID: 31786400 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of cannabis and other illicit drug use among youth represent a serious public health problem. The aim of the present study is to explore factors associated with cannabis and other illicit drug use among Nigerian secondary school adolescents of the six geopolitical zones of the country. METHODS A total sample of 4078 secondary school adolescents of 32 schools from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria participated in a cross-sectional survey in December 2015-January 2016. The association of sociodemographic characteristics, parental smoking, parental permissiveness to drink, friends' marijuana or other drugs use, risk perceptions and beliefs with the risk of lifetime cannabis and other illicit drugs use was examined through multilevel logistic regression models. RESULTS The mean age of the students involved in the study was 14.7 years. Older age, living in one-parent or family structures different from both parents household, parental smoking, parental permissiveness to drink alcohol, friends' use of marijuana or other drugs, low risk perception of harmful effects, and positive beliefs on marijuana or drugs use were associated with the risk of cannabis and illicit drugs use. The indicator of socioeconomic status was associated to the risk of using cannabis, but not to the risk of using illicit drugs. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights some correlates that influence the uptake of cannabis and drugs among Nigerian adolescents. Preventive programs addressing these factors could help to reduce the burden of the problem. Specific attention should be given to interventions to contrast the incorrect beliefs and perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Mehanović
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy; Piedmont Centre for Drug Addiction Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy.
| | - Harsheth Kaur Virk
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Project Office, NDLEA Headquarters, 4 Onilegbale Road Road, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ibanga Akanidomo
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Project Office, NDLEA Headquarters, 4 Onilegbale Road Road, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Juliet Pwajok
- University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, 93001 Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Glen Prichard
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Project Office, NDLEA Headquarters, 4 Onilegbale Road Road, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Peer van der Kreeft
- Faculty for Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Federica Vigna-Taglianti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy; Piedmont Centre for Drug Addiction Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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Aranmolate R. Marijuana use among youths in Mississippi, United States. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0195/ijamh-2017-0195.xml. [PMID: 29369815 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased use of marijuana among youths in Mississippi, United States is of great concern to Public Health in the 21st century. This study examined the prevalence of marijuana use according to gender, race and ethnicity. Method The data for this study was obtained from Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) for 2015, a cross-sectional survey of the Mississippi High School Students, which examined the prevalence and trends in the use of marijuana according to gender, race and ethnicity. The trends in the percentage of students that reported the use of marijuana and its product was examined by univariate t-test statistical analysis at p < 0.05. The frequency distribution was used to determine the percentage differences in the groups. Results The students that ever used marijuana was 39.4% in Blacks, 39.1% in Hispanics and 31.0% in Whites. A total of 13.7% male and female (4.8%) used marijuana before 13 years of age. In addition, the students currently using marijuana include Blacks (10.9%), Hispanic (13.7%) and Whites (7.2%). Approximately 9.7% of students ever used the synthetic product, which was higher in Hispanic (18.7%) when compared to Blacks (8.8%) and Whites (9.1%). Conclusion The use of marijuana is significantly higher among the male youth in Mississippi than females, which is a major public health concern. Furthermore, there was higher rates of smoking marijuana in Hispanics and Blacks when compared to White youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasaki Aranmolate
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA, Phone: +(601) 447-2811
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Vidourek RA, King KA, Merianos AL, Bartsch LA. Predictors of illicit drug use among a national sample of adolescents. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2017.1316782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Vidourek
- Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith A. King
- Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L. Merianos
- Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lauren A. Bartsch
- Miami University, Department of Kinesiology & Health, Oxford, OH, USA
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Gonzales R, Steinberg J, Winters KC, Murphy DA, Ang A, Hernandez M, Mugahwi M. Examining Treatment Outcomes: Differences Between Primary and Non-Primary Marijuana-Using Youths Transitioning Into Recovery. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2017.1305929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gonzales
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alfonso Ang
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Malouff JM, Johnson CE, Rooke SE. Cannabis Users' Recommended Warnings for Packages of Legally Sold Cannabis: An Australia-Centered Study. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016; 1:239-243. [PMID: 28861495 PMCID: PMC5531364 DOI: 10.1089/can.2016.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although cannabis use creates health risks, governments have recently been legalizing either medical use or leisure use. These governments can mandate health warnings on cannabis packages. Prior research examined recommended warnings of cannabis experts. The aim of this study was to obtain suggested cannabis health and safety warnings from cannabis users. Methods: We used a media release, Facebook postings, and announcements in university classes to seek individuals who had used cannabis at least once according to their own report. Using online data collection software that keeps participants anonymous, we asked the individuals to suggest a warning that governments could mandate on cannabis packages. Results: In total, 288 users suggested warnings. Categorizing the warnings into content categories led to six warning topics: (1) risk of harm to mental health and psychological functioning; (2) risk of operating machinery while under the influence; (3) short-term physical side effects; (4) responsible use; (5) long-term negative physical effects; and (6) dependence, addiction, or abuse. The user-suggested warnings overlapped with six expert-recommended warnings identified in prior survey research and included two content areas that did not feature in expert-recommended warnings: short-term physical side effects and the importance of responsible use. Conclusions: The results are consistent with prior findings that some youths perceive cannabis use as potentially harmful. The current findings provide possible new content for warnings on cannabis packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Malouff
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Caitlin E Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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King KA, Vidourek RA, Merianos AL. The association between parenting behaviours and marijuana use based on adolescent age. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2015.1025703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A. King
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Vidourek
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L. Merianos
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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King KA, Vidourek RA, Merianos AL, Bartsch LA. Predictors of Recent Marijuana Use and Past Year Marijuana Use Among a National Sample of Hispanic Youth. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1395-405. [PMID: 26444054 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1013136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana use rates remain higher among Hispanic youth compared to youth from other ethnic groups. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine if sex, age, authoritarian parenting, perceived school experiences, lifetime depression, legal involvement, and perceived social norms of marijuana use predicted recent marijuana use and past year marijuana use among Hispanic youth. METHODS The participants of this study were a nationwide sample of Hispanic youth (n = 3,457) in the United States. A secondary data analysis of the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was performed. Unadjusted odds ratios were computed via univariate logistic regression analyses and all statistically significant variables were retained and included in the final multiple logistic regression analyses. Recent marijuana use was operationally defined as use within the past 30 days, and marijuana use in the past year was defined as use within the past year. RESULTS Results indicated that 7.5% of Hispanic youth used within the past month and 14.5% of Hispanic youth used within the past year. Results revealed that significant predictors for recent use were age, authoritarian parenting, perceived school experiences, legal involvement, and perceived social norms of youth marijuana use. Predictors for past year were age, perceived school experiences, legal involvement, and perceived social norms of youth marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Findings from this study can be used to address the public health problem of marijuana use among Hispanic youth that is ultimately contributing to health disparities among this ethnic group nationwide. Recommendations for future studies are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A King
- a Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| | - Rebecca A Vidourek
- a Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- a Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| | - Lauren A Bartsch
- a Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
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