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Fisher E, Patel P, Wouk KG, Neupane B, Alkhalifah F, Bartholmae MM, Tang C, Zhang Q. Breastfeeding Perceptions and Decisions among Hispanic Participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: A Qualitative Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1565. [PMID: 38892499 PMCID: PMC11173851 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a nutrition assistance program in the U.S. WIC served 2.5 million eligible Hispanic women, infants, and children under the age of five in 2021, which is WIC's largest racial/ethnic group. However, limited research has been conducted to understand Hispanic WIC participants' perceptions of WIC breastfeeding recommendations and their breastfeeding decisions. For this qualitative study, we interviewed 18 of these pregnant and postpartum WIC participants on their experiences and decision-making processes related to breastfeeding. Hispanic cultures and home country norms were identified as prominent influences on breastfeeding decisions, along with perceptions of WIC's breastfeeding support. These results can help the WIC program to refine its breastfeeding education to better meet the needs of Hispanic participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fisher
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (E.F.); (P.P.); (B.N.); (F.A.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Priyanka Patel
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (E.F.); (P.P.); (B.N.); (F.A.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Kathryn G. Wouk
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Bidusha Neupane
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (E.F.); (P.P.); (B.N.); (F.A.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Futun Alkhalifah
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (E.F.); (P.P.); (B.N.); (F.A.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Marilyn M. Bartholmae
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (E.F.); (P.P.); (B.N.); (F.A.); (M.M.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
| | - Chuanyi Tang
- Department of Marketing, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (E.F.); (P.P.); (B.N.); (F.A.); (M.M.B.)
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Hiito E, Ikonen R, Niela-Vilén H. Internet-based breastfeeding peer support for breastfeeding parents: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38738535 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore what Internet-based breastfeeding peer support offers to breastfeeding parents. DESIGN Integrative review. DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in March 2024 using the following electronic databases: CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Database searches yielded 717 results. Two researchers removed the duplicates (n = 256) and screened the remaining titles (n = 461), abstracts (n = 197) and full texts (n = 60) independently. Eventually, 19 studies were included in the review. The chosen studies had qualitative (n = 11), quantitative (n = 6), or mixed methods designs (n = 2) and were published between 2015 and 2024. Qualitative content analysis was conducted. RESULTS The main categories were supplying support that is responsive to the needs of parents and belonging to a breastfeeding community. The parents looked for and received breastfeeding support, advice, information, emotional support, reassurance and access to shared experiences from various online breastfeeding peer support groups. The support groups helped them in their breastfeeding decisions, thus making a difference in their breastfeeding experience. The support groups created breastfeeding communities for these parents and they were able to bond with others, feel like they belonged and share experiences. Additionally, these breastfeeding communities helped to normalize various breastfeeding practices. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding peer support groups can offer parents the support and guidance they seek and a sense that they are part of a breastfeeding community. However, it is vital these groups are efficiently moderated to ensure the advice parents receive is evidence-based and the support is encouraging. IMPACT These findings show that well-moderated online breastfeeding peer support can offer parents high-quality support. It is essential for health care professionals to be aware of the various options available in order to recommend high-quality support groups for breastfeeding parents. REPORTING METHOD PRISMA. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This was an integrative review therefore no patient or public contribution was necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Hiito
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Ikonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Rodríguez-Gallego I, Corrales-Gutierrez I, Gomez-Baya D, Leon-Larios F. Effectiveness of a Postpartum Breastfeeding Support Group Intervention in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding and Perceived Self-Efficacy: A Multicentre Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:988. [PMID: 38613021 PMCID: PMC11013075 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There are numerous recognized benefits of breastfeeding; however, sociocultural, individual, and environmental factors influence its initiation and continuation, sometimes leading to breastfeeding rates that are lower than recommended by international guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a group intervention led by midwives supporting breastfeeding during the postpartum period in promoting exclusive breastfeeding, as well as to assess the impact of this intervention on perceived self-efficacy. This was a non-blind, multicentric, cluster-randomized controlled trial. Recruitment started October 2021, concluding May 2023. A total of 382 women from Andalusia (Spain) participated in the study. The results showed that at 4 months postpartum there was a higher prevalence of breastfeeding in the intervention group compared to formula feeding (p = 0.01), as well as a higher prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.03), and also at 6 months (p = 0.01). Perceived self-efficacy was similar in both groups for the first two months after delivery, which then remained stable until 4 months and decreased slightly at 6 months in both groups (p = 0.99). The intervention improved the average scores of perceived self-efficacy and indirectly caused higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.005). In conclusion, the midwife-led group intervention supporting breastfeeding proved to be effective at maintaining exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum and also at increasing perceived self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rodríguez-Gallego
- Foetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Red Cross Nursing University Centre, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Corrales-Gutierrez
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Foetal Medicine Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Fatima Leon-Larios
- Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain;
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Yıldırım Gökşen DF, Özkan S. The effect of online breastfeeding education on breastfeeding motivation: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 75:e42-e48. [PMID: 38182483 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of online breastfeeding education on breastfeeding motivation. DESIGN AND METHODS The study had a single blind randomized, controlled, experimental design. The women in the online education group were primipara and in their postpartum 4-8 weeks and fulfilled inclusion criteria for the study. The study population comprised of the women presenting to the pregnancy outpatient clinic or giving birth in the gynecological and obstetrics clinic of a university hospital hospital in the West of Turkey and hearing about the Online Breastfeeding Education through social media. The sample size was calculated through a similar study. Data were collected between February 2022-November 2022. Simple random sampling was used and the study sample comprised of 50 women, of whom 25 were in the online breastfeeding education group and 25 were in the control group. Online breastfeeding education was given in groups of three or two, depending on availability, via the video communication platform (Zoom Video Communications). The control group received routine care. Data analysis was made with descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS Integrative motivation (U = 284, p < .05) and intrinsic motivation-identified regulation (U = 196, p < .05) significantly increased compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Online breastfeeding education offered in the postpartum period can help to increase breastfeeding rates. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is recommended that nurses monitor breastfeeding status in the postpartum period and motivate mothers with online breastfeeding training in cases where access is not available. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered 12 February 2022 on www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (NCT05262231).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevgi Özkan
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Denizli, Turkey.
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Facca D, Hall J, Hiebert B, Donelle L. Understanding the Tensions of "Good Motherhood" Through Women's Digital Technology Use: Descriptive Qualitative Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e48934. [PMID: 37878372 PMCID: PMC10632912 DOI: 10.2196/48934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that expectant and new mothers consult and value information gathered from digital technologies, such as pregnancy-specific mobile apps and social media platforms, to support their transition to parenting. Notably, this transitional context can be rich with profound physiological, psychological, and emotional fluctuation for women as they cope with the demands of new parenting and navigate the cultural expectations of "good motherhood." Given the ways in which digital technologies can both support and hinder women's perceptions of their parenting abilities, understanding expectant and new mothers' experiences using digital technologies and the tensions that may arise from such use during the transition to parenting period warrants nuanced exploration. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand mothers' use of digital technologies during the transition to parenting period. METHODS A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in a predominantly urban region of Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were implemented to recruit participants who had become a parent within the previous 24 months. Researchers conducted focus groups using a semistructured interview guide with 26 women. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. RESULTS Participants' experiences of using digital technologies in the transition to parenting period were captured within the overarching theme "balancing the tensions of digital technology use in the transition to parenting" and 4 subthemes: self-comparison on social media, second-guessing parenting practices, communities of support, and trusting intuition over technology. Although digital technologies purportedly offered "in-the-moment" access to community support and health information, this came at a cost to mothers, as they described feelings of guilt, shame, and self-doubt that provoked them to question and hold in contention whether they were a good mother and using technology in a morally upright manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise critical questions concerning the promotion and commercialization of digital technologies and the ways in which they can further push the boundaries of hegemonic parenting practices, provoke feelings of inadequacy, and compromise well-being among expectant and new mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Facca
- Department of Health Information Science, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jodi Hall
- School of Nursing, Fanshawe College, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley Hiebert
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Colombia, SC, United States
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Haley CO, Gross TT, Story CR, McElderry CG, Stone KW. Social Media Usage as a Form of Breastfeeding Support Among Black Mothers: A Scoping Review of the Literature. J Midwifery Womens Health 2023; 68:442-448. [PMID: 37221942 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social support has been identified in the literature as a key facilitator of breastfeeding success among Black mothers. Over the past decade, there has been a surge of social media groups that can now be used as a means of support for various health and social issues. Social media breastfeeding groups have been used as sources of additional support. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to explore social media usage as a form of social support among Black women in the postpartum period and how it may affect breastfeeding behaviors. METHODS Using the 5-stage scoping review methodology, scholarly databases were searched for relevant articles. English-language articles on studies conducted both in and outside of the United States were included. Original studies that focused on social media as a form of breastfeeding support and included Black mothers as part of the study population were included. RESULTS After screening 551 articles, 6 studies fulfilled the study criteria. Participants reported being provided with various forms of social support through social media within the included articles. Primary themes included (1) a sense of community and (2) self-efficacy and empowerment. Breastfeeding support through social media appears to positively influence breastfeeding intention and duration rates among Black mothers. DISCUSSION Social media is an accessible avenue for breastfeeding information and support. Moreover, it provides a safe space for Black women to interact with others of shared cultural experiences. Therefore, incorporating social media into breastfeeding interventions can positively affect breastfeeding rates among Black women. More research is needed to assess the direct effect of social media breastfeeding support groups on the breastfeeding behaviors and experiences of Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanell O Haley
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Mary Amelia Center for Women's Health Equity Research, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tyra T Gross
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Xavier University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chandra R Story
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee
| | - Cathy G McElderry
- Department of Social Work, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee
| | - Kahler W Stone
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee
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Eaves ER, Doerry E, Lanzetta SA, Kruithoff KM, Negron K, Dykman K, Thoney O, Harper CC. Applying User-Centered Design in the Development of a Supportive mHealth App for Women in Substance Use Recovery. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:56-64. [PMID: 35815770 PMCID: PMC9771986 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND APPROACH Women in recovery describe stigma, negative treatment, and limited support as barriers to achieving their health and parenting goals. Mobile health technologies carefully tailored to support the unique needs of recovery communities can provide less burdensome alternatives to in-person services for women transitioning out of substance use treatment. An iterative design process integrated women's interests into the structure, content, and interaction flow of a mobile health (mHealth) app. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants included women in recovery from opioid, alcohol, and polysubstance use disorders in a comprehensive housing program in urban Arizona. METHODS Five focus groups with 3-7 participants each (n = 27 total) informed creation of the mHealth app. Informed by theoretical models of usability and person-centered design, development involved an iterative series of focus groups in which we asked women to comment on interest in using each feature. This provided a qualitative priority framework for feature development. We then modified the app and repeated the process to gauge consensus and continually refine our prototype. RESULTS Women were interested in access to resources, such as housing, counseling, and parenting advice in settings known to treat women in recovery with respect. They also asked for positive messages, chatting with peers, and access to expert answers. They were less interested in points-based learning modules and "scored" activities, leading us to develop a "daily challenges" concept that builds good habits, but does not feel like "classwork". Women's recommendations shaped an mHealth app tailored to maximize utility, access, and safety for this at-risk population. CONCLUSION Integration of user-centered design with applied ethnographic techniques guided the development of a custom-tailored mHealth app responsive to lived experiences and needs of women in recovery. Future research should evaluate the potential for user-centered apps to increase self-efficacy, perceived social support, and to reduce risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery R Eaves
- Department of Anthropology, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Health Equity Research, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Eck Doerry
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Shana A Lanzetta
- Center for Health Equity Research, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kathryn M Kruithoff
- Center for Health Equity Research, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kayla Negron
- Center for Health Equity Research, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Dykman
- Center for Health Equity Research, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Olivia Thoney
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Calvin C Harper
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, 3356Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Morse H, Brown A. The benefits, challenges and impacts of accessing social media group support for breastfeeding: A systematic review. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13399. [PMID: 35821651 PMCID: PMC9480914 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding support is a key component in meeting the public health responsibility of increasing breastfeeding rates, with access to individualised, convenient and linked support across services central to improved outcomes. With the rise of new technology and the COVID‐19 pandemic, social media (SM) support for breastfeeding has become increasingly popular and it is important to understand how and why mothers access such support, and from whom, to optimise services and to meet mothers’ needs. Increasing research is building on women's use and experience of SM for breastfeeding, although there is a paucity of UK data. This systematic review aimed to understand the impacts of SM support for breastfeeding, including benefits and challenges, to establish the evidence for wider provision within maternity services. The search was limited to studies published in English and focused on the self‐directed use of social media groups for breastfeeding (defined as platforms that facilitate group support via interactivity, allowing for user‐generated content and subsequent responses). Of 327 papers retrieved, 13 studies were included for review. The six themes identified were: breastfeeding context, including factors impacting women's decision making; the relational impact of belonging to an online community; increased self‐efficacy; critiques of SM; the nature and types of support commonly sought and received; and breastfeeding duration as an outcome. The findings confirm that mothers value SM groups for community support, which normalises breastfeeding and provides the support they attribute to improved outcomes, and highlight that UK research focused on provision linked to wider services is needed. Joining a social media (SM) group to seek support is common among those mothers intending to breastfeed. For these mothers SM groups have the potential to provide valued support where it is lacking, or in addition to their existing networks. SM groups offer reciprocity of knowledge sharing and esteem support. Belonging to a supportive online community promotes emotional wellbeing and self‐efficacy, improving breastfeeding outcomes. Online peer support is valued and trusted as a complementary source of information and shared experience. Mothers are aware of issues of reliability, lack of regulation and the need to be discerning of online advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Morse
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences Swansea University Swansea UK
- Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation Research (LIFT) Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Amy Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences Swansea University Swansea UK
- Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation Research (LIFT) Swansea University Swansea UK
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What are LGBTQI+ parental experiences of healthcare support and decision-making regarding infant feeding options? A grounded theory study. J Perinatol 2022; 42:1083-1090. [PMID: 34725448 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore LGBTQI+ parental experiences regarding their interactions with healthcare professionals as a resource for feeding options during the prenatal-to-neonatal period. STUDY DESIGN This single-center, interview-based qualitative study of LGBTQI+ parents utilized grounded theory to identify and verify emergent themes and subthemes. We developed a conceptual framework to illustrate relationships among themes and subthemes, as well as opportunities for healthcare professionals and families to improve LGBTQI+ parental support. RESULTS Thematic saturation was attained after interviewing 21 parents from 12 families. Analyses revealed four main themes representing opportunities for improvement: education, continuity of care, parental engagement and open communication. Personal and interpersonal factors influenced parental experiences and decisions, which shaped ultimate feeding outcomes. CONCLUSIONS LGBTQI+ parents revealed challenges of establishing feeding practices that best aligned with their values and goals. Recognizing these factors can help healthcare professionals improve their counseling, engagement and support of LGBTQI+ parents.
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Munyan K, Kennedy E. Perceptions of online informational social support among mothers in a lactation-focused virtual community: A survey study. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2022; 18:17455057221125088. [PMID: 36154538 PMCID: PMC9516422 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221125088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Peer support, also described as woman-to-woman support, has been well
established as an effective intervention for overcoming barriers to
breastfeeding duration. To access support and receive information, mothers
are likely to access social media platforms, especially given the challenges
to healthcare access presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous research
has established that virtual communities can promote peer-to-peer support
similar to that seen in communities of practice. Research Aim: The aims of this study were to describe levels of perceived informational
social support among mothers in an online virtual community and to determine
which features of the virtual community were perceived most favorably by
breastfeeding mothers. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional survey of members of an existing
social media community of breastfeeding mothers with use of the Online
Social Support Scale–Informational subscale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Short Form, and additional open-ended questions during the early phases of
the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited within a single,
lactation-focused virtual community that was moderated by lactation support
professionals. Results: In regard to online social support specific to information seeking, the
reported social support was moderate to high (M = 35.53, range = 17–48).
Most items had a score average of approximately 3, indicating that
participants perceived informational support “Pretty often” from their group
interactions. Participants in this study had an average Breastfeeding
Self-Efficacy–Short Form score of 57.91, indicating a moderately high level
of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Content analysis of open-ended items
regarding favorable characteristics of the virtual community indicated
participants appreciated the immediacy of feedback and the presence of
lactation support professionals within the community. Conclusion: Mothers in the lactation professional-led virtual community perceived
moderately high support in health information seeking and experienced
moderately high breastfeeding self-efficacy. Additional work is needed to
determine the impact of participation in virtual communities on
breastfeeding outcomes.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Movement Control Order (MCO), also known as the partial lockdown, was introduced in Malaysia in March 2020 to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, changing many public-sector protocols and regulations. This may have implications for neonatal and maternity care and services, especially among new mothers. OBJECTIVE To compare the postnatal experiences and feeding practices between mothers who gave birth before MCO (B-MCO) and during MCO (D-MCO). METHOD 1,051 mothers with an infant under 18 months in Malaysia completed an online survey between July 2020 and October 2020. The survey advertisement was disseminated online via various social media platforms. RESULTS More D-MCO mothers faced a significant effect on the ability to pay rent/mortgage, with their spouses facing a higher impact on employment. D-MCO mothers were more likely to have changed their birth plans, perceived insufficient breastfeeding support, and experienced changes in postnatal services since MCO. In contrast, more B-MCO mothers had stopped breastfeeding during the MCO and started complementary feeding earlier than planned. Many mothers reported feeling down, lonely, and having sleeping trouble and a poor appetite. D-MCO mothers had more time to focus on their health, whereas B-MCO mothers spent more time outdoors. DISCUSSION MCO affected mothers' livelihood and postnatal experiences, potentially causing emotional distress. Hence, improved breastfeeding support, particularly at birth, is recommended, as is routine mental health screening during the postnatal check-up. Furthermore, since online contact was readily accessible during the pandemic, the efficacy of online breastfeeding support should be evaluated.
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Burton AE, Taylor J, Owen AL, Renshaw JE, Williams LR, Dean SE. A photo-elicitation exploration of UK mothers' experiences of extended breastfeeding. Appetite 2021; 169:105814. [PMID: 34818562 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this qualitative study we explored the experiences of women breastfeeding children over 12 months of age. Data were collected from 24 participants using semi-structured photo-elicitation interviews and photo-prompted online surveys. Participants took photographs of their extended breastfeeding experiences over one week and reflected on how the events depicted made them feel, and what they represented in terms of their experience. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four themes were developed; parenting through breastfeeding: meeting the needs of my child, my body is not my own, social influences on the breastfeeding experience, and thinking about stopping: my choice or theirs? Findings highlight that extended breastfeeding was experienced as beneficial for both mother and child, promoting closeness, and bonding, and providing a valued parenting tool. However, some mothers reported conflict between their desire for child-led extended breastfeeding and the need to regain autonomy and control of their own bodies. The dangers of negative societal responses to extended breastfeeding and risks to mental health posed by cultural constructions of 'ideal' motherhood are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Burton
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research & Centre for Health Psychology, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, UK.
| | - J Taylor
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research & Centre for Health Psychology, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, UK
| | - A L Owen
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research & Centre for Health Psychology, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, UK
| | - J E Renshaw
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, UK
| | - L R Williams
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, UK
| | - S E Dean
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research & Centre for Health Psychology, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, UK
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13
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Mahurin-Smith J, Beck A. Caregivers' Experiences of Infant Feeding Problems: The Role of Self-Compassion and Stress Management. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:1856-1865. [PMID: 34191539 DOI: 10.1044/2021_ajslp-20-00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Infant feeding problems are strongly associated with caregiver stress, which in turn is linked to poorer outcomes for children. Self-compassion is a modifiable trait strongly associated with improved mental health and greater resilience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among self-compassion, stress management practices, and caregiver stress in a sample of parents who identified feeding problems in their infants. Method Parents who identified feeding problems in their infants completed an online survey. They described the feeding problems, completed the Self-Compassion Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale, and detailed their stress management practices. Results Higher self-compassion was strongly associated with lower overall stress and more modestly associated with lower feeding-related distress. More severe feeding problems were significantly more stressful for caregivers. Participants reported a wide variety of stress management approaches. Discussion These findings indicate that higher self-compassion is associated with lower caregiver stress for parents whose infants experience feeding problems. Implications for service providers are reviewed. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14831028.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Mahurin-Smith
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Illinois State University, Normal
| | - Ann Beck
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Illinois State University, Normal
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14
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Uzunçakmak T, Gökşin İ, Ayaz-Alkaya S. The effect of social media-based support on breastfeeding self-efficacy: a randomised controlled trial. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2021; 27:159-165. [PMID: 34251949 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2021.1946500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the effect of breastfeeding support through social media on women's breastfeeding self-efficacy. METHODS A randomised controlled trial was conducted in the maternity unit of Aksaray University Education and Research Hospital, Turkey. Education and counselling on breastfeeding were given via WhatsApp to women in the intervention group. Women in the control group received routine breastfeeding teaching before discharge from hospital. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) was administered to both groups immediately after birth and at 3 and 6 months postpartum. The study was completed by 31 women in the intervention group and 37 women in the control group. RESULTS At 3 and 6 months there was a statistically significant difference in BSES-SF mean scores between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.05). BSES-SF scores in the intervention group were higher at 3 and 6 months compared with baseline, while BSES-SF scores in the control group were lower at 6 months compared with baseline. CONCLUSION Women's breastfeeding self-efficacy was improved through a social media-based teaching and counselling intervention. Health care professionals should make use of social media tools to improve women's breastfeeding self-efficacy and encourage continuity of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Uzunçakmak
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - İlknur Gökşin
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Sultan Ayaz-Alkaya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Moon H, Woo K. An integrative review on mothers' experiences of online breastfeeding peer support: Motivations, attributes and effects. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13200. [PMID: 33960665 PMCID: PMC8189189 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Information on the experiences surrounding online breastfeeding peer support among breastfeeding mothers and its effects on breastfeeding outcomes is growing yet to be synthesized. The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence of mothers' experiences of online breastfeeding peer support. An integrative review was conducted. Five electronic databases were searched. Two reviewers independently screened the articles for inclusion. The inclusion criteria were (1) involved original data focusing on mothers' experiences of online breastfeeding peer support, (2) participants who were mothers who were breastfeeding or had experiences of breastfeeding and (3) studies focusing on interaction and communication among mothers through online communities. In total, 14 publications met the inclusion criteria. Breastfeeding mothers turned to online groups when they felt isolated, lacked professional support or preferred online support over face-to-face support. Online breastfeeding peer support was characterized as a virtual community, with easy access, availability and a wealth of resources from actual experiences of mothers. It empowered breastfeeding mothers and resulted in changes in breastfeeding outcomes and perceptions. The positive aspects of online breastfeeding peer support have recently garnered more attention. This review provided baseline data and evidence to supplement and improve the current breastfeeding support system for breastfeeding mothers. The evidence on the effectiveness of online breastfeeding peer support for influencing breastfeeding outcomes remains inconclusive. Further empirical studies with rigorous study designs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojeong Moon
- College of NursingSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyungmi Woo
- The Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of NursingSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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16
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Morse H, Brown A. Accessing local support online: Mothers' experiences of local Breastfeeding Support Facebook groups. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13227. [PMID: 34060716 PMCID: PMC8476430 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The importance of support to breastfeeding success is well established, as are the difficulties many mothers face in accessing the support they need. With the majority of UK mothers now accessing social media for support, Breastfeeding Support Facebook (BSF) groups have increased exponentially. BSF groups vary in type (local or national/international) and in moderation-overseen by breastfeeding mothers and by midwives or trained lactation specialists. Some groups aimed at supporting mothers in a specific geographical area also have associated face-to-face groups, facilitated as either professional or peer support. Little is currently known about these specific local groups, their prevalence, impact or value to mothers. This paper examines mothers' experiences of using local BSF groups and why they value them as part of a larger study exploring the impact of midwife moderation on these groups. An online survey consisting of open and closed questions was completed by 2028 mothers. Findings identified that local BSF groups are widely used and highly valued for their connection with local face-to-face services and other mothers. They offer access to expertise and shared experience in a format mothers find convenient and timely, improving confidence and self-efficacy. Local BSF groups enable the formation of support networks and development of breastfeeding knowledge that mothers credit with increased well-being, motivation and breastfeeding duration. As such, they have the potential to add value to local face-to-face services and improve breastfeeding experiences and knowledge in communities. The findings have important implications to support the development of integrated online interventions to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Morse
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social SciencesSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK,Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation Research (LIFT)Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Amy Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social SciencesSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK,Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation Research (LIFT)Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK
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17
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Monteiro JCDS, Guimarães CMDS, Melo LCDO, Bonelli MCP. Breastfeeding self-efficacy in adult women and its relationship with exclusive maternal breastfeeding. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3364. [PMID: 33027402 PMCID: PMC7529446 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3652.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy to breastfeed and
sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal variables; between the duration of
exclusive breastfeeding and sociodemographic variables; and between the
breastfeeding self-efficacy and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding at
the intervals of 30, 60, and 180 days postpartum. Method: a longitudinal and prospective study conducted with 224 women. A
sociodemographic questionnaire, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale –
Short Form, and a questionnaire on breastfeeding and child feeding were used
for collecting the data. Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s correlation
coefficient test were used for analysis. Results: there was no association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and the duration
of exclusive breastfeeding identified at 30, 60, and 180 days. Self-efficacy
was associated with the type of delivery and complications in the postpartum
period. There was also an association between religion and exclusive
breastfeeding 30 and 60 days postpartum, and assistance with baby care and
exclusive breastfeeding at 60 days. Conclusion: It was identified that the type of delivery, complications in the postpartum
period, religion, and assistance with baby care corroborate to increase
maternal confidence in the ability to breastfeed.
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18
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Sutter C, Davis EC, Lundquist A, Koress V, Isberg K, Bryant-Cromwell M, Meline B, McBride BA, Fiese BH. Breastfeeding Information and Support Across Multiple Sources: Identifying Opportunities for Coordinated Care. CLINICAL LACTATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1891/clinlact-d-19-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To support mothers to breastfeed for recommended durations, information and support are needed from multiple sources. Our previous research indicated not all mothers in our community receive support, with mothers at greater risk of breastfeeding cessation (e.g., lower educational attainment, enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children [WIC]), receiving supports at lower rates. In addition, receiving support was not always linked to breastfeeding outcomes. Building from these findings, the current report presents a case study of one community and calls for efforts to coordinate care across contexts. Perspectives are provided by lactation professionals in WIC and hospital settings. In addition, a mother who experienced inconsistencies in information and support when she encountered breastfeeding challenges discusses her experiences. Clinical implications are provided for coordinating care across community and healthcare contexts in our community and beyond.
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19
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Skelton K, Evans R, LaChenaye J. Hidden Communities of Practice in Social Media Groups: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2020; 3:e14355. [PMID: 32207693 PMCID: PMC7139422 DOI: 10.2196/14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most US mothers initiate breastfeeding, suboptimal breastfeeding rates still exist. Although breastfeeding is a complex process, social support has been linked with increases in positive breastfeeding outcomes. Recent technological advances, including the development of social networking sites, provide mothers with convenient access to a unique array of audiences from which to seek advice about parenting, including breastfeeding. However, little is known about how the use of the sites-specifically groups centered around breastfeeding-influences breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors. OBJECTIVE This mixed methods study aimed to explore utilization of an existing probreastfeeding Facebook group and how utilization influences breastfeeding-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. METHODS Participants were recruited online through Facebook wall posts from within the existing group. Mothers aged between 18 and 50 years who were pregnant and intended to breastfeed, were currently breastfeeding, or had recently weaned their infant in the past 3 years were eligible to participate. Participants engaged in online focus group discussions (n=21) and individual interviews (n=12). Inductive content analysis of qualitative data led to the conceptualization and contextualization of a breastfeeding community of practice (COP). Using qualitative results, a quantitative survey was then developed to assess the prevalence of qualities of a COP as well as how COP usage influenced breastfeeding-related attitudes and knowledge. A total of 314 mothers completed the online survey. RESULTS Qualitative findings showed an overall sense of community, with subthemes of group trust, interaction, and the promotion of breastfeeding. A majority (287/314, 91.5%) of mothers initiated breastfeeding, with 69.0% (216/314) of mothers reporting exclusive breastfeeding their infant at 6 months. Approximately 98.5% (309/314) of mothers reported that the Facebook group captured and stored knowledge; therefore, information could be easily accessed and applied. In addition, 96.2% (302/317) of mothers reported that the Facebook group motivated them to share breastfeeding-related knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that this existing probreastfeeding Facebook group exhibits characteristics of an online COP, which was organically formed. Utilization of the Facebook group, in the context of an online COP, could be beneficial in impacting breastfeeding-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. However, further examination and exploration of breastfeeding COPs, including using this type of model as a method of lactation support or as a telemedicine framework, is a clear need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Skelton
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Retta Evans
- School of Education, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jenna LaChenaye
- School of Education, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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20
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Griauzde DH, Kieffer EC, Domoff SE, Hess K, Feinstein S, Frank A, Pike D, Pesch MH. The influence of social media on child feeding practices and beliefs among Hispanic mothers: A mixed methods study. Eat Behav 2020; 36:101361. [PMID: 31923649 PMCID: PMC8005295 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To identify factors that influence child feeding practices and beliefs among Hispanic mothers in a low-income community; (2) to describe the use of social media, other internet websites, and text messaging among Hispanic mothers; and (3) to explore mothers' perceptions of social media and/or text messaging interventions to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS Mixed methods descriptive study with a sequential explanatory design. Hispanic mothers (N = 66) from Detroit, Michigan with children between 6 and 36 months of age completed surveys regarding their child feeding practices, the source (s) influencing these practices, and their use of social media, internet, and text messaging. During qualitative interviews (N = 19), we explored mothers' use of social media and internet websites to find child health information as well as mothers' perspectives on social media/internet/text messaging interventions to promote child health. RESULTS Most survey respondents were between the ages of 20 and 39 years. One-third of mothers breastfed their child for >6 months; 68% did not introduce solids until their child was older than 6 months. The majority (96%) owned a cellphone; 75% used social media at least once daily. Few mothers indicated that social media and other internet websites influenced their child feeding decisions. During qualitative interviews (N = 19), almost all mothers expressed interest in social media and/or text messaging as a tool to communicate information regarding child health and feeding. CONCLUSIONS Hispanic mothers had high rates of social media use and most desired social media/internet/text messaging interventions to promote child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H Griauzde
- Ann Arbor VA Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Edith C Kieffer
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E Domoff
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Kristen Hess
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Amy Frank
- Community Health and Social Services (CHASS) Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Denise Pike
- Community Health and Social Services (CHASS) Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Megan H Pesch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Regan S, Brown A. Experiences of online breastfeeding support: Support and reassurance versus judgement and misinformation. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 15:e12874. [PMID: 31299699 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding support is integral to many women's successful breastfeeding experiences. However, cuts to professional and peer support services, distance from family, and a predominant formula-feeding culture mean that many women in the United Kingdom do not receive the support they need. Turning to online support is an increasingly popular means of gaining both informational and emotional support, but research into online breastfeeding support groups is sparse in the United Kingdom. Data from Australia and the United States tend to focus on the positives: Women value such groups, finding information, reassurance, and a feeling of belonging. This study explored 14 women's experiences of using online support for breastfeeding in the United Kingdom, using semistructured interviews to understand their motivations and positive and negative experiences. Mothers were drawn to online support due to a lack of professional, familial, and partner support. Online support was reassuring, empathetic, and available around the clock and less daunting than attending a face-to-face group. Many attributed their continued breastfeeding to the support they received. However, women also experienced negativities: judgement for using formula, polarised debate, and a lack of regulation, meaning that unhelpful information was sometimes posted. The findings have important implications for those working to support mothers. These groups provide a safe space for breastfeeding mothers, but moderation is needed of such groups to ensure information is accurate and debate respectful. Online support groups are currently plugging a gap in funded support; they should be in addition not in replacement to professional and trained peer support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Regan
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation (LIFT), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Amy Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation (LIFT), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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