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Perret S, Alon N, Carpenter-Song E, Myrick K, Thompson K, Li S, Sharma K, Torous J. Standardising the role of a digital navigator in behavioural health: a systematic review. Lancet Digit Health 2023; 5:e925-e932. [PMID: 38000876 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(23)00152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
As the number and availability of digital mental health tools increases, patients and clinicians see benefit only when these tools are engaging and well integrated into care. Digital navigators-ie, members of health-care teams who are dedicated to supporting patient use of digital resources-offer one solution and continue to be piloted in behavioural health; however, little is known about the core features of this position. The aims of this systematic review were to assess how digital navigators are implemented in behavioural health, and to provide a standardised definition of this position. In January, 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search resulting in 48 articles included in this systematic review. Results showed high heterogeneity between four attributes of digital navigators: training specifications, educational background, frequency of communication, and method of communication with patients. Reported effect sizes for depression and anxiety were medium to large, but could not be synthesised due to study heterogeneity and small study sample size. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023391696). Results suggest that digital navigator support can probably increase access to, engagement with, and clinical integration of digital health technology, with standards for training and defined responsibilities now emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Perret
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noy Alon
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Keris Myrick
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kennedy Thompson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunnie Li
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karuna Sharma
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Torous
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kwon S, Firth J, Joshi D, Torous J. Accessibility and availability of smartphone apps for schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:98. [PMID: 36385116 PMCID: PMC9668219 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
App-based interventions have the potential to enhance access to and quality of care for patients with schizophrenia. However, less is known about the current state of schizophrenia apps in research and how those translate to publicly available apps. This study, therefore, aimed to review schizophrenia apps offered on marketplaces and research literature with a focus on accessibility and availability. A search of recent reviews, gray literature, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted in August 2022. A search of the U.S. Apple App Store and Google Play App Store was conducted in July 2022. All eligible studies and apps were systematically screened/reviewed. The academic research search produced 264 results; 60 eligible studies were identified. 51.7% of research apps were built on psychosis-specific platforms and 48.3% of research apps were built on non-specific platforms. 83.3% of research apps offered monitoring functionalities. Only nine apps, two designed on psychosis-specific platforms and seven on non-specific platforms were easily accessible. The search of app marketplaces uncovered 537 apps; only six eligible marketplace apps were identified. 83.3% of marketplace apps only offered psychoeducation. All marketplace apps lacked frequent updates with the average time since last update 1121 days. There are few clinically relevant apps accessible to patients on the commercial marketplaces. While research efforts are expanding, many research apps are unavailable today. Better translation of apps from research to the marketplace and a focus on sustainable interventions are important targets for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Devayani Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sayibu M, Chu J, Akintunde TY, Rufai OH, Amosun TS, George-Ufot G. Environmental conditions, mobile digital culture, mobile usability, knowledge of app in COVID-19 risk mitigation: A structural equation model analysis. SMART HEALTH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 25:100286. [PMID: 35600252 PMCID: PMC9110057 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2022.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mobile digital culture (MDC) supports individual lives, communities, and real-time organizational surveillance during COVID-19 emergencies. Hence, the study examined the advancement in smart health devices evidence in smartphone apps technologies in surveillance, control, and tracking potential virus areas among high-risk populations. OBJECTIVE The study explored how environmental condition and MDC mediates between knowledge of App and mobile usability in the prevention of COVID-19 infection in high-risk areas. METHODS Using the concept of UTAUT, the study conceptualized that mobile usability, MDC, knowledge of App and environmental condition, are essential for COVID-19 mitigation. A cross-sectional method was adopted through an online survey to assess data from n = 459 mobile users. The association of the study models was appraised through structural equation models (Amos v.24.0). RESULT We found mobile usability, knowledge of App, and MDC were statistically significant to COVID-19 mitigation. Environment condition as mediator had no effect in the study models. However, moderating effect of MDC shows a negative influence on the association between COVID-19 mitigation and knowledge of apps. CONCLUSION Future policies should consider the development of mHealth technology to improve end-user experience. Also, future policies should entail data privacy to reduce the infringement of data collected. This approach will lead to a confidential, high acceptance of usability of mHealth apps infectious disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhideen Sayibu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Jianxun Chu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Tosin Yinka Akintunde
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
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Üstel P, Smith MJ, Blajeski S, Johnson JM, Butler VG, Nicolia-Adkins J, Ortquist MJ, Razzano LA, Lapidos A. Acceptability and Feasibility of Peer Specialist-Delivered Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Individuals with Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN SERVICES 2021; 39:219-231. [PMID: 37139353 PMCID: PMC10153604 DOI: 10.1080/15228835.2021.1915924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explored peer specialists' perspectives on delivering vocational interventions, especially Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT). Five focus groups of peer specialists (N = 34) explored their beliefs about vocational services, including VR-JIT. We trained eight peer specialists to be VR-JIT "instructors" and interviewed them about using VR-JIT in their mental health practice. Generally, participants discussed tailoring their vocational services to include sharing their story of recovery. Specifically, participants perceived VR-JIT as acceptable and feasibly implemented within their practice. Overall, participants viewed VR-JIT as a higher level of service and they would be uniquely qualified to support consumers using the tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Üstel
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew J. Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shannon Blajeski
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa A. Razzano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Thresholds, Inc, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adrienne Lapidos
- Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Miralles I, Granell C, Díaz-Sanahuja L, Van Woensel W, Bretón-López J, Mira A, Castilla D, Casteleyn S. Smartphone Apps for the Treatment of Mental Disorders: Systematic Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e14897. [PMID: 32238332 PMCID: PMC7163422 DOI: 10.2196/14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone apps are an increasingly popular means for delivering psychological interventions to patients suffering from a mental disorder. In line with this popularity, there is a need to analyze and summarize the state of the art, both from a psychological and technical perspective. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the use of smartphones for psychological interventions. Our systematic review has the following objectives: (1) analyze the coverage of mental disorders in research articles per year; (2) study the types of assessment in research articles per mental disorder per year; (3) map the use of advanced technical features, such as sensors, and novel software features, such as personalization and social media, per mental disorder; (4) provide an overview of smartphone apps per mental disorder; and (5) provide an overview of the key characteristics of empirical assessments with rigorous designs (ie, randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. We performed searches in Scopus, Web of Science, American Psychological Association PsycNET, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, covering a period of 6 years (2013-2018). We included papers that described the use of smartphone apps to deliver psychological interventions for known mental disorders. We formed multidisciplinary teams, comprising experts in psychology and computer science, to select and classify articles based on psychological and technical features. RESULTS We found 158 articles that met the inclusion criteria. We observed an increasing interest in smartphone-based interventions over time. Most research targeted disorders with high prevalence, that is, depressive (31/158,19.6%) and anxiety disorders (18/158, 11.4%). Of the total, 72.7% (115/158) of the papers focused on six mental disorders: depression, anxiety, trauma and stressor-related, substance-related and addiction, schizophrenia spectrum, and other psychotic disorders, or a combination of disorders. More than half of known mental disorders were not or very scarcely (<3%) represented. An increasing number of studies were dedicated to assessing clinical effects, but RCTs were still a minority (25/158, 15.8%). From a technical viewpoint, interventions were leveraging the improved modalities (screen and sound) and interactivity of smartphones but only sparingly leveraged their truly novel capabilities, such as sensors, alternative delivery paradigms, and analytical methods. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for designing interventions for the full breadth of mental disorders, rather than primarily focusing on most prevalent disorders. We further contend that an increasingly systematic focus, that is, involving RCTs, is needed to improve the robustness and trustworthiness of assessments. Regarding technical aspects, we argue that further exploration and innovative use of the novel capabilities of smartphones are needed to fully realize their potential for the treatment of mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juana Bretón-López
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERobn, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adriana Mira
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Castilla
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERobn, Castellón, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Inal Y, Wake JD, Guribye F, Nordgreen T. Usability Evaluations of Mobile Mental Health Technologies: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e15337. [PMID: 31904579 PMCID: PMC6971511 DOI: 10.2196/15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many mobile health (mHealth) apps for mental health have been made available in recent years. Although there is reason to be optimistic about their effect on improving health and increasing access to care, there is a call for more knowledge concerning how mHealth apps are used in practice. Objective This study aimed to review the literature on how usability is being addressed and measured in mHealth interventions for mental health problems. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review through a search for peer-reviewed studies published between 2001 and 2018 in the following electronic databases: EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently assessed all abstracts against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Results A total of 299 studies were initially identified based on the inclusion keywords. Following a review of the title, abstract, and full text, 42 studies were found that fulfilled the criteria, most of which evaluated usability with patients (n=29) and health care providers (n=11) as opposed to healthy users (n=8) and were directed at a wide variety of mental health problems (n=24). Half of the studies set out to evaluate usability (n=21), and the remainder focused on feasibility (n=10) or acceptability (n=10). Regarding the maturity of the evaluated systems, most were either prototypes or previously tested versions of the technology, and the studies included few accounts of sketching and participatory design processes. The most common reason referred to for developing mobile mental health apps was the availability of mobile devices to users, their popularity, and how people in general became accustomed to using them for various purposes. Conclusions This study provides a detailed account of how evidence of usability of mHealth apps is gathered in the form of usability evaluations from the perspective of computer science and human-computer interaction, including how users feature in the evaluation, how the study objectives and outcomes are stated, which research methods and techniques are used, and what the notion of mobility features is for mHealth apps. Most studies described their methods as trials, gathered data from a small sample size, and carried out a summative evaluation using a single questionnaire, which indicates that usability evaluation was not the main focus. As many studies described using an adapted version of a standard usability questionnaire, there may be a need for developing a standardized mHealth usability questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Inal
- Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Frode Guribye
- Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine Nordgreen
- Psychiatric Division, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Ben-Zeev D, Buck B, Kopelovich S, Meller S. A technology-assisted life of recovery from psychosis. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2019; 5:15. [PMID: 31534139 PMCID: PMC6751211 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-019-0083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developments in digital health technologies have the potential to expedite and strengthen the path towards recovery for people with psychosis. This perspective piece provides a snapshot of how a range of digital technologies can be deployed to support a young adult’s efforts to cope with schizophrenia-spectrum illness. In conjunction with a day in the life of this individual, we provide examples of innovations in digital health research designed for this clinical population, as well as brief summaries of the evidence supporting the usability, feasibility, or effectiveness of each approach. From early detection to ongoing symptom management and vocational rehabilitation, this day-in-the-life vignette provides an overview of the ways in which digital health innovations could be used in concert to augment, scaffold, and enhance schizophrenia-spectrum illness management and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Ben-Zeev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Benjamin Buck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Kopelovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suzanne Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Brietzke E, Hawken ER, Idzikowski M, Pong J, Kennedy SH, Soares CN. Integrating digital phenotyping in clinical characterization of individuals with mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 104:223-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA. Risks to Privacy With Use of Social Media: Understanding the Views of Social Media Users With Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatr Serv 2019; 70:561-568. [PMID: 30947635 PMCID: PMC6602849 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social media may afford new opportunities to enhance mental health services; however, privacy risks have received less attention. This study explored privacy risks of using social media for reasons related to mental health from the perspectives of social media users with serious mental illness. METHODS Twitter users who self-identified in their profile as having a serious mental illness participated in an online survey inquiring whether they were ever concerned about risks to their privacy when using social media for anything related to their mental illness. User characteristics were compared between those who were concerned about risks and those who were not. Participants' responses to an open-ended question about privacy risks were analyzed thematically. RESULTS Among 90 respondents who self-identified as having schizophrenia spectrum disorders (40%), bipolar disorder (37%), or major depressive disorder (23%), more than one-third (36%) expressed concerns about privacy risks with using social media. Risks were more frequently reported among respondents with a college degree, compared with those without a college degree, and among respondents who were currently working or in school, compared with those who were not currently working. Thematic analysis of participants' responses to the open-ended question yielded four categories of risk: threats to employment, fear of stigma and being judged, impact on personal relationships, and facing hostility or being hurt. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer preliminary insights about the types of privacy risks that individuals with serious mental illness are concerned about when using social media for their mental health. The findings can inform the safety of future social media interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Naslund); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Aschbrenner)
| | - Kelly A Aschbrenner
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Naslund); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Aschbrenner)
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Buitenweg DC, Bongers IL, van de Mheen D, van Oers HA, van Nieuwenhuizen C. Cocreative Development of the QoL-ME: A Visual and Personalized Quality of Life Assessment App for People With Severe Mental Health Problems. JMIR Ment Health 2019; 6:e12378. [PMID: 30920381 PMCID: PMC6458539 DOI: 10.2196/12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is a prominent outcome measure in mental health. However, conventional methods for QoL assessment rely heavily on language-based communication and therefore may not be optimal for all individuals with severe mental health problems. In addition, QoL assessment is usually based on a fixed number of life domains. This approach conflicts with the notion that QoL is influenced by individual values and preferences. A digital assessment app facilitates both the accessibility and personalization of QoL assessment and may, therefore, help to further advance QoL assessment among individuals with severe mental health problems. OBJECTIVE This study focused on the development of an innovative, visual, and personalized QoL assessment app for people with severe mental health problems: the QoL-ME. METHODS This study targeted 3 groups of individuals with severe mental health problems: (1) people with psychiatric problems, (2) people treated in forensic psychiatry, and (3) people who are homeless. A group of 59 participants contributed to the 6 iterations of the cocreative development of the QoL-ME. In the brainstorming stage, consisting of the first iteration, participants' previous experiences with questionnaires and mobile apps were explored. Participants gave their feedback on initial designs and wireframes in the second to fourth iterations that made up the design stage. In the usability stage that comprised the final 2 iterations, the usability of the QoL-ME was evaluated. RESULTS In the brainstorming stage, participants stressed the importance of privacy and data security and of receiving feedback when answering questionnaires. Participants in the design stage indicated a preference for paging over scrolling, linear navigation, a clean and minimalist layout, the use of touchscreen functionality in various modes of interaction, and the use of visual analog scales. The usability evaluation in the usability stage revealed good to excellent usability. CONCLUSIONS The cocreative development of the QoL-ME resulted in an app that corresponds to the preferences of participants and has strong usability. Further research is needed to evaluate the psychometric quality of the QoL-ME and to investigate its usefulness in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Buitenweg
- Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing (Tranzo), Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ilja L Bongers
- Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing (Tranzo), Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Dike van de Mheen
- Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing (Tranzo), Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,IVO Addiction Research Institute, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans Am van Oers
- Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing (Tranzo), Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Chijs van Nieuwenhuizen
- Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing (Tranzo), Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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