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Thanh Nguyen HT, Nguyen LT, Thanh Hoang HT, Bui DH, Thu Phan HT, Van Khuu N, Hong Ngo HT, Dang DA, Mirzazadeh A, McFarland W, Pham TH. Increase in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men, vietnam 2015 - 2020. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:197-205. [PMID: 37967472 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231214583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed trends in HIV and syphilis prevalence, HIV incidence, related risk factors, and preventive behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam from 2015 to 2020. METHODS Data originated from the HIV Sentinel Surveillance Plus system, which sampled MSM at venues and hotspots in seven of Vietnam's 63 provinces in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2020 (N = 1100-1445 per year; ∼150-300 per province per year). RESULTS HIV prevalence estimates increased from 6.6% (95% CI 4.5-9.6) in 2015 to 13.8% (95% CI 10.5-18.2, p = .001 for trend) in 2020 overall, and separately in An Giang, Can Tho, Hai Phong, and Khanh Hoa provinces but not in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, or Kien Giang. Syphilis prevalence increased from 2.7% (95% CI 1.4-5.1) in 2015 to 12.6% (95% CI 8.7-18.0) in 2020 overall (p < .001 for trend), and separately in An Giang, Can Tho, and Hai Phong provinces but not in Ho Chi Minh City or Kien Giang. We calculated time-at-risk from first anal sex to first HIV-positive or last HIV-negative test to estimate HIV incidence. Estimated HIV incidence suggested increasing rates of seroconversion from 1.36 per 100 person-years experienced by participants in 2015 to 2.61 per 100 person-years among participants in 2020 (hazard ratio per year 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.18, p < .001). There was a statistically significant increase in HIV testing, STI testing, and receipt of free condoms over the period (p < .05 for trend), and a statistically significant decrease in amphetamine use (p = .043 for trend). CONCLUSIONS Despite prevention efforts and improvements in some risk indicators, consecutive cross-sectional sampling results provide evidence of increasing incidence of HIV and syphilis among MSM in Vietnam, especially outside the major cities. Aggressive HIV prevention and treatment services can be expanded while conducting deeper investigations into the causes of these increases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ly Thuy Nguyen
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Duc Hoang Bui
- Vietnam Administration for HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Heath, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Duc Anh Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ali Mirzazadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Willi McFarland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thang Hong Pham
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Reback CJ, Lin C, Larkins S, Vi VTT, Diep NTN, Lai N, Dung DV. Adaptation of the U.S.-oriented evidence-based intervention TransAction for transgender women in Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2023; 25:215-232. [PMID: 38681497 PMCID: PMC11044755 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2023.2169217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background: Trans women in Vietnam are among the most vulnerable groups with high HIV risk and limited access to care. TransAction is an evidence-based intervention to reduce trans women's HIV risks and increase social support and access to care.Aims: The aim of this study was to adapt TransAction to the specific needs of trans women in Vietnam. Methods: This study was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City from November 2020 through June 2021 Using the ADAPT-ITT framework, interviews, focus groups, and community advisory board meetings were conducted with trans women, service providers, and community members to better understand Vietnamese contexts of gender transition, HIV risks, and service gaps. Feedback was solicited on TransAction content and format adaptation. Results: Trans women in Vietnam faced unique challenges related to family norms, policy and regulatory constraints, and limited transgender-specific or gender-inclusive services. TransAction was modified to accommodate identified challenges and needs, and intervention components to enhance family support were added. Strategies to cope with stigma and seek support and services were adapted to Vietnamese culture and policies. Discussion: Post-adaptation interviews and focus groups demonstrated strong feasibility and acceptability for the adapted intervention, which can potentially be used to reduce Vietnamese trans women's HIV risks and increase their social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy J. Reback
- Friends Research Institute, Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chunqing Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sherry Larkins
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vu Thi Tuong Vi
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Ly Lai
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do Van Dung
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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ten Brink DC, Martin-Hughes R, Minnery ME, Osborne AJ, Schmidt HMA, Dalal S, Green KE, Ramaurtarsing R, Wilson DP, Kelly SL. Cost-effectiveness and impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV among men who have sex with men in Asia: A modelling study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268240. [PMID: 35617169 PMCID: PMC9135227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 70% of new HIV infections in Asia occurred in eight countries in 2020: Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam-with a rising incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for those at risk of acquiring HIV, yet wide-scale implementation of PrEP, on a daily or event-driven basis, has been limited in Asia. METHODS The Optima HIV model was applied to examine the impact of scaling-up PrEP over five-years to cover an additional 15% of MSM compared with baseline coverage, a target deemed feasible by regional experts. Based on behavioral survey data, we assume that covering 15% of higher-risk MSM will cover 30% of all sexual acts in this group. Scenarios to compare the impact of generic-brand daily dosing of PrEP with generic event-driven dosing (15 days a month) were modelled from the start of 2022 to the end of 2026. Cost-effectiveness of generic versus branded PrEP was also assessed for China, the only country with an active patent for branded, higher cost PrEP. The impact on new HIV infections among the entire population and cost per HIV-related disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted were estimated from the beginning of 2022 to the end of 2031 and from 2022 to 2051. RESULTS If PrEP were scaled-up to cover an additional 15% of MSM engaging in higher-risk behavior from the beginning of 2022 to the end of 2026 in the eight Asian countries considered, an additional 100,000 (66,000-130,000) HIV infections (17%) and 300,000 (198,000-390,000) HIV-related DALYs (3%) could be averted over the 2022 to 2031 period. The estimated cost per HIV-related DALY averted from 2022 to 2031 ranged from US$600 for event-driven generic PrEP in Indonesia to US$34,400 for daily branded PrEP in Thailand. Over a longer timeframe from 2022 to 2051, the cost per HIV-related DALY averted could be reduced to US$100-US$12,700. CONCLUSION PrEP is a critical tool to further reduce HIV incidence in highly concentrated epidemics. Implementing PrEP in Asia may be cost-effective in settings with increasing HIV prevalence among MSM and if PrEP drug costs can be reduced, PrEP could be more cost-effective over longer timeframes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heather-Marie A. Schmidt
- United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shona Dalal
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David P. Wilson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Xu C, Jing F, Lu Y, Ni Y, Tucker J, Wu D, Zhou Y, Ong J, Zhang Q, Tang W. Summarizing methods for estimating population size for key populations: a global scoping review for human immunodeficiency virus research. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:9. [PMID: 35183203 PMCID: PMC8858560 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating the population sizes of key populations(people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, transgender persons, and commercial sex workers) is critical for understanding the overall Human Immunodeficiency Virus burden. This scoping review aims to synthesize existing methods for population size estimation among key populations, and provide recommendations for future application of the existing methods. METHODS Relevant studies published from 1st January 2000 to 4th August 2020 and related to key population size estimation were retrieved and 120 of 688 studies were assessed. After reading the full texts, 81 studies were further excluded. Therefore, 39 studies were included in this scoping review. Estimation methods included five digital methods, one in-person method, and four hybrid methods. FINDING We summarized and organized the methods for population size estimateion into the following five categories: methods based on independent samples (including capture-recapture method and multiplier method), methods based on population counting (including Delphi method and mapping method), methods based on the official report (including workbook method), methods based on social network (including respondent-driven sampling method and network scale-up method) and methods based on data-driven technologies (Bayesian estimation method, Stochastic simulation method, and Laska, Meisner, and Siegel estimation method). Thirty-six (92%) articles were published after 2010 and 23 (59%) used multiple methods. Among the articles published after 2010, 11 in high-income countries and 28 in low-income countries. A total of 10 estimated the size of commercial sex workers, 14 focused on men who have sex with men, and 10 focused on people who inject drugs. CONCLUSIONS There was no gold standard for population size estimation. Among 120 studies that were related to population size estimation of key populations, the most commonly used population estimation method is the multiplier method (26/120 studies). Every method has its strengths and biases. In recent years, novel methods based on data-driven technologies such as Bayesian estimation have been developed and applied in many surveys.
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Ito H, Yamamoto T, Morita S. The effect of men who have sex with men (MSM) on the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Theor Biol Med Model 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 34635123 PMCID: PMC8504019 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-021-00148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have remained a worldwide public health threat. It is difficult to control the spread of STIs, not only because of heterogeneous sexual transmission between men and women but also because of the complicated effects of sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) and mother-to-child transmission. Many studies point to the existence of a ‘bisexual bridge’, where STIs spread from the MSM network via bisexual connections. However, it is unclear how the MSM network affects heterosexual networks as well as mother-to-child transmission. To analyse the effect of MSM on the spread of STIs, we divided the population into four subpopulations: (i) women, (ii) men who have sex with women only (MSW), (iii) men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW), (iv) men who have sex with men exclusively (MSME). We calculated the type-reproduction numbers of these four subpopulations, and our analysis determined what preventive measures may be effective. Our analysis shows the impact of bisexual bridge on the spread of STIs does not outweigh their population size. Since MSM and mother-to-child transmission rates do not have a strong synergistic effect when combined, complementary prevention measures are needed. The methodologies and findings we have provided here will contribute greatly to the future development of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Ito
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Taro Yamamoto
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Satoru Morita
- Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan. .,Department of Environment and Energy Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan.
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Tuan LA, Prem K, Pham QD, Toh ZQ, Tran HP, Nguyen PD, Mai CTN, Ly LTK, Cao V, Le-Ha TD, Tuan NA, Jit M, Bright K, Brisson M, Nguyen TV, Garland S, Anh DD, Trang NV, Mulholland K. Anal human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in Vietnam. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:136-143. [PMID: 34517047 PMCID: PMC8627386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV infection in men having sex with men (MSM) was studied in two cities of Vietnam Prevalence of any HPV and HPV16/18 among MSM was 32.3% and 11.0%, respectively High-risk HPV infections in MSM were associated with risky sexual behaviours A targeted HPV vaccination strategy would be beneficial for MSM in Vietnam
Objectives Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, while published data are scarce. This study determined HPV prevalence and risk factors in MSM in Vietnam to inform HPV prevention strategies in this key population. Methods A cross-sectional study of 799 MSM aged 16-50 years was conducted in Vietnam in 2017-2018. Information was collected on risk behaviours, and knowledge of HPV and anal cancer; rectal swabs were taken to detect anal HPV infection. An in-house polymerase chain reaction and Genoflow HPV array test kit were used for HPV detection and genotyping. Results The median age of the study participants was 25 years (range 18-52). Overall prevalence of any HPV and HPV16/18 infection was 32.3% and 11.0%, respectively. A higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection to all 14 types tested was found in Ho Chi Minh City (30.9%) than in Hanoi (18.4%). High-risk HPV infection was associated with inconsistent condom use and history of engaging in sex under the influence of drugs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.27; 95% CI, 1.48-10.67), as well as having multiple sexual partners (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02). Conclusions High-risk anal HPV infections in Vietnamese MSM were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviours. A targeted HPV vaccination strategy would have substantial benefit for MSM in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Anh Tuan
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Kiesha Prem
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Quang Duy Pham
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Hau Phuc Tran
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Phuc Duy Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | | | - Le Thi Khanh Ly
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Van Cao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Tam-Duong Le-Ha
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Anh Tuan
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Mark Jit
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Public Health England, Modelling and Economics Unit, London, UK.
| | - Kathryn Bright
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, VIC, Australia.
| | - Marc Brisson
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Thuong Vu Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Suzanne Garland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, VIC, Australia; Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Dang Duc Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Kim Mulholland
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Nguyen LH, Nguyen HLT, Tran BX, Larsson M, Rocha LEC, Thorson A, Strömdahl S. A qualitative assessment in acceptability and barriers to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men: implications for service delivery in Vietnam. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:472. [PMID: 34030652 PMCID: PMC8147440 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is being considered for implementation among MSM nationwide in Vietnam. However, there may be concerns about potential obstacles for PrEP adherence among Vietnamese MSM. This study aims to assess the acceptability to use PrEP, potential barriers and facilitators, and the preferences for PrEP service accessibility and delivery among Vietnamese MSM. Methods Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 30 HIV-negative MSM in January 2018 in Hanoi, Vietnam. FGDs explored MSM’s awareness regarding PrEP, perceived benefits and barriers of PrEP use, and willingness to use PrEP. FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used. Results The mean age of participants was 23.9 years old. Most participants realized the advantages of PrEP given its efficacy in HIV risk reduction and expressed high motivation and interest to use PrEP in the future. PrEP was considered as a supplement alongside condoms. Common concerns about PrEP included side-effects, forgetting to take the pill daily, stigmatization due to using PrEP, negative attitudes toward PrEP from other MSM and accessibility of PrEP. Participants would prefer an injectable PrEP regime if available as it was seen as easier to adhere to. Concerns were also raised that PrEP usage could be interpreted as an indication of engaging in sexual risk behavior for HIV, potentially causing suspicion in love relationships or by family and friends. Participants preferred to receive PrEP in civil business organizations and MSM-friendly clinics, and recommended that pharmacy stores would not be suitable for PrEP implementation due to lack of trust and fear of fake drugs. Conclusion This study indicated a high level of willingness to use PrEP among MSM in Vietnam in combination with condom. Strategies to raise awareness of PrEP, reduce stigma towards PrEP, and improve the accessibility among MSM in Vietnam is needed. Existing MSM-friendly clinics were recommended to implement PrEP programs in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Huong Lan Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Department of Health Economics, Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Health, Behaviours, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mattias Larsson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis E C Rocha
- Department of Economics & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Thorson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Strömdahl
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nguyen LT, Patel S, Nguyen NT, Gia HH, Raymond HF, Hoang VTH, Abdul-Quader AS. Population Size Estimation of Female Sex Workers in Hai Phong, Vietnam: Use of Three Source Capture-Recapture Method. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:194-199. [PMID: 33876600 PMCID: PMC8242110 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.210312.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A study was conducted in three districts in Hai Phong province, Vietnam to estimate the population size of the Female Sex Workers (FSW) in June–July 2019. Methods: The procedures included selection of three districts, compilation of a list of accessible venues where FSW congregate, distribution of first unique objects (first capture) and second unique objects (second capture) to FSW in randomly selected venues and implementation of a Mini-Respondent Driven Sampling (mRDS) Survey (third capture). Population size of the FSW was calculated based on the number of FSW in each round, number of FSW ‘recaptured’ during the second and the third captures. Additionally, personal network size data captured in the mRDS was used to measure the population of FSW within the three districts using Successive Sampling Population Size Estimates (SS-PSE). Results: The total estimated FSWs in the three selected districts, using Three Source Capture–Recapture (3S-CRC) was 958, which is slightly lower than that estimated using SS-PSE – 1192. The 3S-CRC method yielded a provincial estimate of 1911 while the SS-PSE method resulted in a total of 2379 FSW for the province. Conclusion: Two techniques produced different PSE at both the district and the province levels and resulted in estimates lower than ones produced using programmatic data. For planning HIV prevention and care service needs among all FSWs, additional studies are needed to estimate the number of sex workers who are not venue-based and use social media platforms to sell services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thuy Nguyen
- Division of Global HIV and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shreya Patel
- The National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Nga Thi Nguyen
- Department of HIV Surveillance, Monitoring and Evaluation, Provincial HIV/AIDS Control, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Hoang Gia
- Department of HIV Surveillance, Monitoring and Evaluation, Provincial HIV/AIDS Control, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Henry F Raymond
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Van Thi Hai Hoang
- Department of Global Health, School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Abu S Abdul-Quader
- Division of Global HIV and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Neal JJ, Prybylski D, Sanchez T, Hladik W. Population Size Estimation Methods: Searching for the Holy Grail. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020; 6:e25076. [PMID: 33270035 PMCID: PMC7746490 DOI: 10.2196/25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate size estimates of key populations (eg, sex workers, people who inject drugs, transgender people, and men who have sex with men) can help to ensure adequate availability of services to prevent or treat HIV infection; inform HIV response planning, target setting, and resource allocation; and provide data for monitoring and evaluating program outcomes and impact. A gold standard method for population size estimation does not exist, but quality of estimates could be improved by using empirical methods, multiple data sources, and sound statistical concepts. To highlight such methods, a special collection of papers in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance has been released under the title “Key Population Size Estimations.” We provide a summary of these papers to highlight advances in the use of empirical methods and call attention to persistent gaps in information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J Neal
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dimitri Prybylski
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Travis Sanchez
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wolfgang Hladik
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Hu M, Xu C, Wang J. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Mainland China: Social App Capture-Recapture Method. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e14800. [PMID: 32012086 PMCID: PMC7007599 DOI: 10.2196/14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the cases of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in men who have sex with men (MSM) have increased more than tenfold since 2006. However, the MSM population size, geographical distribution, and migration patterns are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to estimate the number, spatial distribution, and migration of MSM populations in mainland China using big data from social networking. METHODS We collected 85 days of data on online users of a social networking MSM app in mainland China. Daily online MSM users and their migration across the country were investigated during a holiday period and a nonholiday period. Using the capture-mark-recapture model, we designed an experiment consisting of two independent samples to estimate the total provincial MSM population. RESULTS The estimate of MSM in mainland China was 8,288,536 (95% CI 8,274,931-8,302,141), accounting for 1.732% (95% CI 1.729%-1.734%) of adult men aged 18 to 64 years. The average daily number of MSM social networking online across mainland China was 1,198,682 during the nonholiday period. The five provinces (including municipalities) with the highest average number of daily online MSM numbers were Guangdong (n=141,712), Jiangsu (n=90,710), Zhejiang (n=72,212), Shandong (n=68,065), and Beijing (n=66,057). The proportion of daily online MSM among adult men in different cities varied from 0.04% to 0.96%, with a mean of 0.20% (SD 0.14%). Three migrating centers-Guangdong, Beijing, and the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai-Zhejiang-Jiangsu)-accounted for 57.23% of MSM migrants in the county. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of MSM among adult men in mainland China is at the middle level compared with other Asia and Pacific countries. However, the number of MSM is very large, and the distribution is uneven. Both MSM distribution and migration are highly affected by socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cao W, Wong HM, Yang X, Wagley N, Wong J, Chang C. The impact of serostatus disclosure on spousal relationships between wives and HIV-positive husbands who have sex with men in China. Women Health 2019; 60:664-675. [PMID: 31770499 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2019.1697790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the impact of serostatus disclosure on the spousal relationship between wives and their HIV-positive husbands who have had sex with men. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted in Sichuan, China in 2017 with wives (n = 31) who had known their husbands' HIV-positive status. Participants were identified by local governmental and non-governmental organizations that provide routine services for people living with HIV and their family members. Qualitative data underwent a detailed content analysis. Both positive and negative impacts on the spousal relationship were expressed by wives. Six themes were identified: (1) reduced sexual activities; (2) changes in intimacy; (3) limited communication on HIV-related issues but improved communication on other topics; (4) increased instrumental support but decreased emotional support; (5) improved resilience in the spousal relationship; and (6) shared privacy management rules regarding HIV-positive status. Moreover, the acknowledgment of the husband's homosexual behavior hurt the spousal relationship more seriously than the disclosure of the husband's HIV-positive status, and irremediable marriages were observed among wives who knew both. Disclosure of HIV-positive status had a great impact on the spousal relationship, though such impact varied across individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangnan Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,China.,Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Neelima Wagley
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jack Wong
- Immersion Resources, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing, China
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