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Yang Z, Zhu B, Ke J, Yu L, Zhao H. The effect of nomophobic behaviors among nurses on their clinical decision-making perceptions. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 77:103978. [PMID: 38739975 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore the impact of nomophobic behaviors among hospital nurses on their clinical decision-making perceptions. This understanding can offer insights to enhance the work environment, improve the clinical decision-making ability of nurses and guide medical institutions in the management of related equipment and policy development. BACKGROUND The term "nomophobia" refers to the anxiety and fear individuals experience when they cannot use their smartphones or when smartphones are not accessible. Nursing clinical decision-making is a complex process, including a meticulous assessment of the patient's pathological condition and medical history, alongside the application of nursing knowledge and experiential learning rooted in critical thinking. The concept of clinical decision-making perceptions is defined as a deliberate cognitive understanding of one's decision-making processes, which significantly influences the clinical decision-making capabilities of healthcare professionals, thereby impacting the quality of patient care. The factors influencing these clinical decision-making perceptions have been the subject of extensive research. However, there is no Chinese research on the impact of nurses ' nomophobic behaviors on their clinical decision-making perception. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive survey using online-based delivery modes was used. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Using convenience sampling, we surveyed the nurses from a tertiary hospital in Nanjing in May 2023. Data were gathered using a sociodemographic data form, the Nomophobia Questionnaire and the Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale. Techniques including the independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were employed to probe the degree of nomophobia and its effects on their perception of clinical decision-making. Out of 284 questionnaires gathered, 272 were deemed valid, resulting in a 95.8% effective response rate. RESULTS The data revealed that participants exhibited a medium level of nomophobia (54.01 ± 24.09) and clinical decision-making perceptions (144.94 ± 20.08). A robust negative correlation was discerned between nomophobia and clinical decision-making perceptions (r: -0.365, P<0.001). This study highlighted that as the degree of nomophobia intensified, nurses' clinical decision-making perceptions decreased with the increase in nomophobia. CONCLUSION Nomophobic behaviors can hamper nurses' perception of clinical decision-making, potentially leading to inaccuracies or errors. Nurses must use mobile phones judiciously, practice self-regulation and mitigate the disruptive effects of nomophobia on their decision-making. In addition, medical institutions should foster relevant education or craft policies to regularize mobile phone use, augmenting nurses' efficiency and decision-making prowess, enhancing patient care quality, diminishing medical errors and ensuring patient health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Jiangsu University
| | - Bei Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juqing Ke
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Yu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
| | - Huandi Zhao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
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Gaur R, Patidar V, Kumar S, Sharma SK, Kalyani VC, Kalal N, Mudgal SK. Utilization of Smartphones and Attitude Regarding Their Use at the Workplace by Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e57000. [PMID: 38681409 PMCID: PMC11046013 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of personal smartphones in healthcare settings is widespread, with nurses often integrating these devices into their profession's practices. This study addresses the utilization of and attitudes toward smartphone use among nurses in the workplace. METHODS This study uses a descriptive cross-sectional design and includes 258 nurses from various departments in a tertiary care teaching and research hospital in India. Data was collected using Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States) through a socio-demographic questionnaire and two scales: "Utilization of Smartphones at Workplace" and "Attitude Regarding Smartphone Use at Workplace." RESULTS The findings indicate that a significant proportion (64.3%) of participants use their smartphones for less than an hour at the workplace. Notably, a substantial majority (78.7%) agree that employers should implement a policy regarding smartphone use. Additionally, 34.1% use their smartphones for personal reasons for less than an hour, with 24.4% specifically engaging in social media use with a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). CONCLUSION The study finds an enormous gap in nurses' smartphone use, with a greater emphasis on personal and social media activities than professional responsibilities. Establishing a collaborative regulatory framework is essential for aligning smartphone use with patient care obligations and ensuring a balance between possible benefits and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Gaur
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, IND
| | - Vipin Patidar
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, IND
| | - Suman Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, IND
| | - Suresh K Sharma
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Vasantha C Kalyani
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, IND
| | - Nipin Kalal
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Shiv K Mudgal
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, IND
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Morrow E, Zidaru T, Ross F, Mason C, Patel KD, Ream M, Stockley R. Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review. Front Psychol 2023; 13:971044. [PMID: 36733854 PMCID: PMC9887144 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.971044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, together with the availability of big data in society, creates uncertainties about how these developments will affect healthcare systems worldwide. Compassion is essential for high-quality healthcare and research shows how prosocial caring behaviors benefit human health and societies. However, the possible association between AI technologies and compassion is under conceptualized and underexplored. Objectives The aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive depth and a balanced perspective of the emerging topic of AI technologies and compassion, to inform future research and practice. The review questions were: How is compassion discussed in relation to AI technologies in healthcare? How are AI technologies being used to enhance compassion in healthcare? What are the gaps in current knowledge and unexplored potential? What are the key areas where AI technologies could support compassion in healthcare? Materials and methods A systematic scoping review following five steps of Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Presentation of the scoping review conforms with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Eligibility criteria were defined according to 3 concept constructs (AI technologies, compassion, healthcare) developed from the literature and informed by medical subject headings (MeSH) and key words for the electronic searches. Sources of evidence were Web of Science and PubMed databases, articles published in English language 2011-2022. Articles were screened by title/abstract using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data extracted (author, date of publication, type of article, aim/context of healthcare, key relevant findings, country) was charted using data tables. Thematic analysis used an inductive-deductive approach to generate code categories from the review questions and the data. A multidisciplinary team assessed themes for resonance and relevance to research and practice. Results Searches identified 3,124 articles. A total of 197 were included after screening. The number of articles has increased over 10 years (2011, n = 1 to 2021, n = 47 and from Jan-Aug 2022 n = 35 articles). Overarching themes related to the review questions were: (1) Developments and debates (7 themes) Concerns about AI ethics, healthcare jobs, and loss of empathy; Human-centered design of AI technologies for healthcare; Optimistic speculation AI technologies will address care gaps; Interrogation of what it means to be human and to care; Recognition of future potential for patient monitoring, virtual proximity, and access to healthcare; Calls for curricula development and healthcare professional education; Implementation of AI applications to enhance health and wellbeing of the healthcare workforce. (2) How AI technologies enhance compassion (10 themes) Empathetic awareness; Empathetic response and relational behavior; Communication skills; Health coaching; Therapeutic interventions; Moral development learning; Clinical knowledge and clinical assessment; Healthcare quality assessment; Therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance; Providing health information and advice. (3) Gaps in knowledge (4 themes) Educational effectiveness of AI-assisted learning; Patient diversity and AI technologies; Implementation of AI technologies in education and practice settings; Safety and clinical effectiveness of AI technologies. (4) Key areas for development (3 themes) Enriching education, learning and clinical practice; Extending healing spaces; Enhancing healing relationships. Conclusion There is an association between AI technologies and compassion in healthcare and interest in this association has grown internationally over the last decade. In a range of healthcare contexts, AI technologies are being used to enhance empathetic awareness; empathetic response and relational behavior; communication skills; health coaching; therapeutic interventions; moral development learning; clinical knowledge and clinical assessment; healthcare quality assessment; therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance; and to provide health information and advice. The findings inform a reconceptualization of compassion as a human-AI system of intelligent caring comprising six elements: (1) Awareness of suffering (e.g., pain, distress, risk, disadvantage); (2) Understanding the suffering (significance, context, rights, responsibilities etc.); (3) Connecting with the suffering (e.g., verbal, physical, signs and symbols); (4) Making a judgment about the suffering (the need to act); (5) Responding with an intention to alleviate the suffering; (6) Attention to the effect and outcomes of the response. These elements can operate at an individual (human or machine) and collective systems level (healthcare organizations or systems) as a cyclical system to alleviate different types of suffering. New and novel approaches to human-AI intelligent caring could enrich education, learning, and clinical practice; extend healing spaces; and enhance healing relationships. Implications In a complex adaptive system such as healthcare, human-AI intelligent caring will need to be implemented, not as an ideology, but through strategic choices, incentives, regulation, professional education, and training, as well as through joined up thinking about human-AI intelligent caring. Research funders can encourage research and development into the topic of AI technologies and compassion as a system of human-AI intelligent caring. Educators, technologists, and health professionals can inform themselves about the system of human-AI intelligent caring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodor Zidaru
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Ross
- Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cindy Mason
- Artificial Intelligence Researcher (Independent), Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Melissa Ream
- Kent Surrey Sussex Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) and the National AHSN Network Artificial Intelligence (AI) Initiative, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Rich Stockley
- Head of Research and Engagement, Surrey Heartlands Health and Care Partnership, Surrey, United Kingdom
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García-Sánchez S, Somoza-Fernández B, de Lorenzo-Pinto A, Ortega-Navarro C, Herranz-Alonso A, Sanjurjo M. Mobile Health Apps Providing Information on Drugs for Adult Emergency Care: Systematic Search on App Stores and Content Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e29985. [PMID: 35442212 PMCID: PMC9069291 DOI: 10.2196/29985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Drug-referencing apps are among the most frequently used by emergency health professionals. To date, no study has analyzed the quantity and quality of apps that provide information on emergency drugs.
Objective
This study aimed to identify apps designed to assist emergency professionals in managing drugs and to describe and analyze their characteristics.
Methods
We performed an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study of apps that provide information on drugs for adult emergency care. The iOS and Android platforms were searched in February 2021. The apps were independently evaluated by 2 hospital clinical pharmacists. We analyzed developer affiliation, cost, updates, user ratings, and number of downloads. We also evaluated the main topic (emergency drugs or emergency medicine), the number of drugs described, the inclusion of bibliographic references, and the presence of the following drug information: commercial presentations, usual dosage, dose adjustment for renal failure, mechanism of action, therapeutic indications, contraindications, interactions with other medicinal products, use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, adverse reactions, method of preparation and administration, stability data, incompatibilities, identification of high-alert medications, positioning in treatment algorithms, information about medication reconciliation, and cost.
Results
Overall, 49 apps were identified. Of these 49 apps, 32 (65%) were found on both digital platforms; 11 (22%) were available only for Android, and 6 (12%) were available only for iOS. In total, 41% (20/49) of the apps required payment (ranging from €0.59 [US $0.64] to €179.99 [US $196.10]) and 22% (11/49) of the apps were developed by non–health care professionals. The mean weighted user rating was 4.023 of 5 (SD 0.71). Overall, 45% (22/49) of the apps focused on emergency drugs, and 55% (27/49) focused on emergency medicine. More than half (29/47, 62%) did not include bibliographic references or had not been updated for more than a year (29/49, 59%). The median number of drugs was 66 (range 4 to >5000). Contraindications (26/47, 55%) and adverse reactions (24/47, 51%) were found in only half of the apps. Less than half of the apps addressed dose adjustment for renal failure (15/47, 32%), interactions (10/47, 21%), and use during pregnancy and breastfeeding (15/47, 32%). Only 6% (3/47) identified high-alert medications, and 2% (1/47) included information about medication reconciliation. Health-related developer, main topic, and greater amount of drug information were not statistically associated with higher user ratings (P=.99, P=.09, and P=.31, respectively).
Conclusions
We provide a comprehensive review of apps with information on emergency drugs for adults. Information on authorship, drug characteristics, and bibliographic references is frequently scarce; therefore, we propose recommendations to consider when developing an app of these characteristics. Future efforts should be made to increase the regulation of drug-referencing apps and to conduct a more frequent and documented review of their clinical content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián García-Sánchez
- Pharmacy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza-Fernández
- Pharmacy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de Lorenzo-Pinto
- Pharmacy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ortega-Navarro
- Pharmacy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Herranz-Alonso
- Pharmacy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo
- Pharmacy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Fiorinelli M, Di Mario S, Surace A, Mattei M, Russo C, Villa G, Dionisi S, Di Simone E, Giannetta N, Di Muzio M. Smartphone distraction during nursing care: Systematic literature review. Appl Nurs Res 2021; 58:151405. [PMID: 33745553 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of smartphone distraction on the quality and safety of care provided by the nursing population during work. BACKGROUND About 80% of nurses use the smartphone in the workplace both for personal purposes and as a useful support to improve the quality of care. Distraction from smartphones during care is a phenomenon that should be known and managed within each health service. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. The sources included in the review study were subjected to a qualitative assessment using the GRADE method. RESULTS Sixteen articles were included in the review. Studies included highlight the positive and negative consequences of using mobile devices during nursing practice. Findings identify the smartphone as a generator of stimuli capable of diverting the attention of the person from the priority activities and absorbing the cognitive resources useful for carrying out these activities. Some studies aimed to show the restriction policies and/or the strategies for reducing disruptions. This review highlights how the free and indiscriminate use of the smartphone can negatively affect patient safety and the nurse-patient relationship through the dehumanization and depersonalization of care. CONCLUSIONS Mobile technology can improve nurses' performance and the quality of care provided. However, the application of regulations and policies by healthcare facilities is desirable to avoid inappropriate use of these devices by nurses. The available data do not provide a precise estimate of the effect that distraction from smartphones has on the outcomes of nursing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Fiorinelli
- University Hospital Foundation "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS - Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Italy
| | - Sofia Di Mario
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Surace
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Mattei
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Russo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sara Dionisi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Emanuele Di Simone
- Nursing, Technical, Rehabilitation, Assistance and Research Department - IRCCS Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri - IFO, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Giannetta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Di Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Hitti E, Hadid D, Melki J, Kaddoura R, Alameddine M. Mobile device use among emergency department healthcare professionals: prevalence, utilization and attitudes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1917. [PMID: 33479264 PMCID: PMC7820016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile devices are increasingly permeating healthcare and are being regularly used by healthcare providers. We examined the prevalence and frequency of mobile device use, and perceptions around clinical and personal usage, among healthcare providers (attending physicians, residents, and nurses) in the Emergency Department (ED) of a large academic medical center in Lebanon. Half of the target population (N = 236) completed the cross-sectional electronic questionnaire. Mobile device usage for personal matters was uniform across all providers, with the highest usage reported by medical students (81.3%) and lowest by attendings (75.0%). Medical formulary/drug referencing applications were the most common application used by providers followed by disease diagnosis/management applications, 84.4% and 69.5% respectively. Most respondents agreed that mobile devices enabled better-coordinated care among providers and were beneficial to patient care. Most respondents also agreed that mobile device use assisted in quickly resolving personal issues and reduced their feeling of stress, yet the majority did not feel that personal usage improved performance at work. Study findings revealed that although healthcare providers value mobile devices' positive impact on coordination of care, the reverse spillover effect of personal issues into the workplace enabled by mobile devices might have some negative impact on performance of staff at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Hitti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Hadid
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jad Melki
- Department of Communication Arts, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima Kaddoura
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, PO Box 110236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.
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de Jong A, Donelle L, Kerr M. Nurses' Use of Personal Smartphone Technology in the Workplace: Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18774. [PMID: 33242012 PMCID: PMC7728531 DOI: 10.2196/18774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There has been an increase in the technological infrastructures of many health care organizations to support the practice of health care providers. However, many nurses are using their personal digital devices, such as smartphones, while at work for personal and professional purposes. Despite the proliferation of smartphone use in the health care setting, there is limited research on the clinical use of these devices by nurses. It is unclear as to what extent and for what reasons nurses are using their personal smartphones to support their practice. Objective This review aimed to understand the current breadth of research on nurses’ personal smartphone use in the workplace and to identify implications for research, practice, and education. Methods A scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was conducted, and the following databases were used in the literature search: CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Embase, MEDLINE, Nursing and Allied Health Database, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Reviews. Search terms used were Nurs* AND (personal digital technology OR smartphone OR cellphone OR mobile phone OR cellular phone). Inclusion criteria included research focused on nurses’ use of their own digital technologies, reported in English, and published between January 2010 and January 2020. Exclusion criteria were if the device or app was implemented for research purposes, if it was provided by the organization, if it focused on infection control, and if it was focused on nursing students or nursing education. Results A total of 22 out of 2606 articles met the inclusion criteria. Two main themes from the thematic analyses included personal smartphone use for patient care and implications of personal smartphone use. Nurses used their smartphones to locate information about medications, procedures, diagnoses, and laboratory tests. Downloaded apps were used by nurses to locate patient care–related information. Nurses reported improved communication among health team members and used their personal devices to communicate patient information via text messaging, calling, and picture and video functions. Nurses expressed insight into personal smartphone use and challenges related to distraction, information privacy, organizational policies, and patient perception. Conclusions Nurses view personal smartphones as an efficient method to gather patient care information and to communicate with the health care team. This review highlights knowledge gaps regarding nurses’ personal device use and information safety, patient care outcomes, and communication practices. This scoping review facilitates critical reflection on patient care practices within the digital context. We infer that nurses’ use of their personal devices to communicate among the health care team may demonstrate a technological “work-around” meant to reconcile health system demands for cost-efficiency with efforts to provide quality patient care. The current breadth of research is focused on acute care, with little research focus in other practices settings. Research initiatives are needed to explore personal device use across the continuum of health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Jong
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Kerr
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Altamimi TN, Alex J, Khan MM, Nair BVS. Development and validation of a Smartphone Impact Scale among healthcare professionals. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:387-397. [PMID: 33132811 PMCID: PMC7564985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Smartphone overuse is prevalent among healthcare professionals. There is no standard scale that can measure the impact of smartphone usage on healthcare professionals. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool, the Smartphone Impact Scale (SIS), that can effectively measure the use of smartphone among healthcare professionals. Methods We developed a generic instrument to study the impact of smartphone usage among healthcare professionals. A total of 1436 healthcare professionals from various regions of KSA participated in this study through an online questionnaire-based survey. The psychometric properties of the SIS were developed using content validity index (CVI), factor analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability analysis. Results A 23-item scale was selected for reliability and validity analysis. The average CVI was found to be 0.824. The internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha value was 0.91, and test-retest reliability was 0.85. The Cronbach's alpha values for Factors 1 and 2 were 0.875 and 0.803, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis indices were as follows: root mean square of approximation = 0.0710, comparative fit index = 0.861, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.845, and the coefficient of determination = 0.969. The correlation between two factors was 0.66. After factor analysis, we developed a final questionnaire with 23 items. Conclusions Our SIS showed a three-factor structure and appropriate psychometric characteristics. Due to its adequate reliability and validity, SIS can be conveniently used to evaluate the impact of smartphone usage on healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani N Altamimi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | - Johnson Alex
- Department of Behavior Science, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Moizuddin M Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Binu V S Nair
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Alameddine M, Tamim H, Hadid D, Cheaito MA, Makki M, Maatouk H, Hitti E. Patient Attitudes Toward Mobile Device Use by Health Care Providers in the Emergency Department: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e16917. [PMID: 32229474 PMCID: PMC7157496 DOI: 10.2196/16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care provider usage of mobile devices is increasing globally; however, there is little understanding of patient perceptions on this behavior in a health care setting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess patients' attitudes toward mobile device usage by health care providers in the emergency department and to identify predictors of these attitudes. METHODS The study was carried out at the emergency department of a large academic tertiary care medical center in Lebanon. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted by administering a questionnaire to medically stable adult patients who presented to the emergency department with an emergency severity index of 3, 4, or 5 between January 2017 and March 2018. The questionnaire collected relevant patient demographic information and included questions related to their mobile device usage along with those evaluating attitudes for the use of mobile devices by health care providers with respect to six major domains: role in health care, distraction potential, impact on communication, empathy, privacy, and professionalism. The attitude toward mobile device usage by health care providers in the emergency department was the main outcome variable. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the outcome variable and the demographic and attitude-related independent variables. RESULTS Among the 438 eligible patients, 338 patients responded to the questionnaire for a response rate of 70.0%. Overall, 313/338 (92.6%) respondents agreed that mobile devices improve health care delivery, whereas 132/338 (39.1%) respondents were opposed to their usage by health care providers in the emergency department (95% CI: 34.0-44.4). The majority (240/338, 71.0%) of patients agreed that mobile devices are a source of distraction to health care providers in the workplace. Females (odds ratio [OR]=1.67, 95% CI: 1.00-2.78) as well as all patients (OR=2.54, 95% CI 1.36-4.76) who believed that mobile devices were a source of distraction, reflecting a lack of professionalism (OR=2.77, 95% CI 1.59-4.82) and impacting the provider's ability to relate to the patient (OR=2.93, 95% CI 1.72-4.99), were more likely to agree that mobile devices should not be used in the emergency department. CONCLUSIONS Patients' negative attitude toward mobile device use in the emergency department is largely driven by patient gender (females), patient perception of the distraction potential of the devices, and their negative impact on the health care provider's empathy and professionalism. The findings of this study shed light on the importance of encouraging stakeholders to impose a digital professionalism code of conduct for providers working in acute health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alameddine
- Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Hadid
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad-Ali Cheaito
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha Makki
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Maatouk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eveline Hitti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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