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Haag C, Steinemann N, Chiavi D, Kamm CP, Sieber C, Manjaly ZM, Horváth G, Ajdacic-Gross V, Puhan MA, von Wyl V. Blending citizen science with natural language processing and machine learning: Understanding the experience of living with multiple sclerosis. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000305. [PMID: 37531365 PMCID: PMC10395829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new digital technologies has enabled a new way of doing research, including active collaboration with the public ('citizen science'). Innovation in machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) has made automatic analysis of large-scale text data accessible to study individual perspectives in a convenient and efficient fashion. Here we blend citizen science with innovation in NLP and ML to examine (1) which categories of life events persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) perceived as central for their MS; and (2) associated emotions. We subsequently relate our results to standardized individual-level measures. Participants (n = 1039) took part in the 'My Life with MS' study of the Swiss MS Registry which involved telling their story through self-selected life events using text descriptions and a semi-structured questionnaire. We performed topic modeling ('latent Dirichlet allocation') to identify high-level topics underlying the text descriptions. Using a pre-trained language model, we performed a fine-grained emotion analysis of the text descriptions. A topic modeling analysis of totally 4293 descriptions revealed eight underlying topics. Five topics are common in clinical research: 'diagnosis', 'medication/treatment', 'relapse/child', 'rehabilitation/wheelchair', and 'injection/symptoms'. However, three topics, 'work', 'birth/health', and 'partnership/MS' represent domains that are of great relevance for participants but are generally understudied in MS research. While emotions were predominantly negative (sadness, anxiety), emotions linked to the topics 'birth/health' and 'partnership/MS' was also positive (joy). Designed in close collaboration with persons with MS, the 'My Life with MS' project explores the experience of living with the chronic disease of MS using NLP and ML. Our study thus contributes to the body of research demonstrating the potential of integrating citizen science with ML-driven NLP methods to explore the experience of living with a chronic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Haag
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Steinemann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Chiavi
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P Kamm
- Neurocentre, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Sieber
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zina-Mary Manjaly
- Department of Neurology, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gábor Horváth
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo Alan Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktor von Wyl
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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James DC, Kang P, McQueen D. African American Women's Willingness to Participate in Online Health Communities During COVID-19. Telemed J E Health 2022; 29:657-664. [PMID: 36112362 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The use of online health communities (OHCs) for health information, disease self-management, and social support increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are limited data on the willingness of African American women (AAW) to participate in OHCs. Materials and Methods: A sample of 985 AAW completed an online survey. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between three age groups (18-29, 30-50, and 51+ years) and 10 motivators and 10 barriers to participating in OHCs. Women 51+ years were the referent group. Results: Women 51+ years were more likely to have been diagnosed with obesity and hypertension than the other groups (p < 0.01), but less likely to be diagnosed with a mental health condition than the other groups (p < 0.01). The top 2 motivators were to learn about a disease/condition (70%) and to prevent a disease/condition (64%). There were no significant differences with these variables. However, compared with women 18-29 years of age, women 51+ years were more likely to be motivated to manage an illness (p < 0.001), and more likely than the other groups to be motivated to support others (p = 0.011). The top 2 barriers were being too busy (53%) and privacy concerns (45%). Compared with women in the two other groups, women 51+ years were more concerned about privacy (p < 0.001). Discussion: AAW expressed a willingness to participate in OHCs. Willingness to participate in OHCs will vary by the topic and disease/condition and the age group. Conclusions: Opportunities exist to recruit AAW in age-specific OHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delores C.S. James
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Philip Kang
- Department of Sports Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Darielle McQueen
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Gunn KM, Ross XS, Olver I. Optimizing Rural People's Access to Relevant Cancer Education and Support Using Peer-Led YouTube Films. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:973-982. [PMID: 33175333 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rural cancer patients have inferior cancer outcomes and unique unmet information needs. This paper explores the value of rural people affected by cancer delivering cancer-related education and support to their peers via 3-5 min online YouTube films. In part 1, 14 rural Australians affected by cancer (10 survivors, 4 carers), 50% (7/14) female, 55-79 years, "storytellers", were purposively invited to be filmed sharing their cancer-related experience and advice for others facing similar challenges. They then reflected on their storytelling experience during semi-structured interviews with an independent researcher. In part 2, 11 rural South Australians affected by cancer (8 survivors, 3 carers), 82% (9/11) female, 32-75 years, "viewers", who had watched at least three of the videos, were interviewed. When data saturation was reached, thematic analysis was employed. Storytellers were found to be highly satisfied with the film-making process and product. They valued rapport building prior to filming and the opportunity to help others. They also found storytelling cathartic and the films useful in communicating their cancer experience to family and friends. Rural viewers appreciated the honesty, authenticity, relatability and believability of the storytellers, the practical advice on rural-specific psychosocial issues, acknowledgment of the impact of isolation and the opportunity to understand others' cancer experiences. The film's short duration and professional film-making added appeal. Inclusion of younger storytellers and methods of delivery other than YouTube were suggested. This study highlights the value of this approach for storytellers and viewers. It may be particularly beneficial for isolated rural cancer survivors who feel that their unique challenges are not adequately addressed by mainstream cancer education resources However, further quantitative research to test acceptability and impact in representative rural samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Gunn
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Department of Rural Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, North Terrace, South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Xiomara Skrabal Ross
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian Olver
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Giombi K, Viator C, Hoover J, Tzeng J, Sullivan HW, O'Donoghue AC, Southwell BG, Kahwati LC. The impact of interactive advertising on consumer engagement, recall, and understanding: A scoping systematic review for informing regulatory science. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263339. [PMID: 35113964 PMCID: PMC8812936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a scoping systematic review with respect to how consumer engagement with interactive advertising is evaluated and if interactive features influence consumer recall, awareness, or comprehension of product claims and risk disclosures for informing regulatory science. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Business Source Corporate, and SCOPUS were searched for original research published from 1997 through February 2021. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion. Outcomes were abstracted into a structured abstraction form. We included 32 studies overall. The types of interactive ads evaluated included website banner and pop up ads, search engine ads, interactive TV ads, advergames, product websites, digital magazine ads, and ads on social network sites. Twenty-three studies reported objective measures of engagement using observational analyses or laboratory-based experiments. In nine studies evaluating the association between different interactivity features and outcomes, the evidence was mixed on whether more interactivity improves or worsens recall and comprehension. Studies vary with respect to populations, designs, ads evaluated, and outcomes assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Giombi
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Catherine Viator
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Juliana Hoover
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Janice Tzeng
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Helen W Sullivan
- Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amie C O'Donoghue
- Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian G Southwell
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Leila C Kahwati
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Chew AMK, Gunasekeran DV. Social Media Big Data: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly (Un)truths. Front Big Data 2021; 4:623794. [PMID: 34142082 PMCID: PMC8204107 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2021.623794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alton M K Chew
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Green BM, Van Horn KT, Gupte K, Evans M, Hayes S, Bhowmick A. Assessment of Adaptive Engagement and Support Model for People With Chronic Health Conditions in Online Health Communities: Combined Content Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17338. [PMID: 32492651 PMCID: PMC7380984 DOI: 10.2196/17338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the pervasiveness of social media, online health communities (OHCs) are an important tool for facilitating information sharing and support among people with chronic health conditions. Importantly, OHCs offer insight into conversations about the lived experiences of people with particular health conditions. Little is known about the aspects of OHCs that are important to maintain safe and productive conversations that support health. Objective This study aimed to assess the provision of social support and the role of active moderation in OHCs developed in accordance with and managed by an adaptive engagement model. This study also aimed to identify key elements of the model that are central to the development, maintenance, and adaptation of OHCs for people with chronic health conditions. Methods This study used combined content analysis, a mixed methods approach, to analyze sampled Facebook post comments from 6 OHCs to understand how key aspects of the adaptive engagement model facilitate different types of social support. OHCs included in this study are for people living with multiple sclerosis, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. An exploratory approach was used in the analysis, and initial codes were grouped into thematic categories and then confirmed through thematic network analysis using the Dedoose qualitative analysis software tool. Thematic categories were compared for similarities and differences for each of the 6 OHCs and by topic discussed. Results Data on the reach and engagement of the Facebook posts and the analysis of the sample of 5881 comments demonstrate that people with chronic health conditions want to engage on the web and find value in supporting and sharing their experiences with others. Most comments made in these Facebook posts were expressions of social support for others living with the same health condition (3405/5881, 57.89%). Among the comments with an element of support, those where community members validated the knowledge or experiences of others were most frequent (1587/3405, 46.61%), followed by the expression of empathy and understanding (1089/3405, 31.98%). Even among posts with more factual content, such as insurance coverage issues, user comments still had frequent expressions of support for others (80/213, 37.5%). Conclusions The analysis of this OHC adaptive engagement model in action shows that the foundational elements—social support, engagement, and moderation—can effectively be used to provide a rich and dynamic community experience for individuals with chronic health conditions. Social support is demonstrated in a variety of ways, including sharing information or validating information shared by others, expressions of empathy, and sharing encouraging statements with others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ketki Gupte
- Health Union, LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Megan Evans
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sara Hayes
- Health Union, LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amrita Bhowmick
- Health Union, LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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