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Nagata JM, Paul A, Yen F, Smith-Russack Z, Shao IY, Al-Shoaibi AAA, Ganson KT, Testa A, Kiss O, He J, Baker FC. Associations between media parenting practices and early adolescent screen use. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03243-y. [PMID: 38834780 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence of various media parenting practices and identify their associations with early adolescent screen time and problematic social media, video game, and mobile phone use. METHODS Cross-sectional data from Year 3 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2019-2022) that included 10,048 adolescents (12-13 years, 48.3% female, 45.6% racial/ethnic minorities) in the US were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Parent screen use, family mealtime screen use, and bedroom screen use were associated with greater adolescent screen time and problematic social media, video game, and mobile phone use. Parental use of screens to control behavior (e.g., as a reward or punishment) was associated with higher screen time and greater problematic video game use. Parental monitoring of screens was associated with lower screen time and less problematic social media and mobile phone use. Parental limit setting of screens was associated with lower screen time and less problematic social media, video game, and mobile phone use. DISCUSSION Parent screen use, mealtime screen use, and bedroom screen use were associated with higher adolescent problematic screen use and could be limited in a family media use plan. Parental monitoring and limiting of screen time are associated with less problematic screen use. IMPACT STATEMENT Although the American Academy of Pediatrics provides guidance for screen use for children 5-18 years, there is a paucity of evidence-based guidance for media parenting practices, specifically for early adolescents. In a diverse sample of 10,048 early adolescents across the US, we found cross-sectional associations between parent, mealtime, and bedroom screen use and higher adolescent problematic screen use. Parental monitoring and limiting of adolescent screen time were cross-sectionally associated with less problematic screen use in our analytic sample and may be incorporated into a family media use plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Angel Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felicia Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zacariah Smith-Russack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Iris Yuefan Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abubakr A A Al-Shoaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Fox KA, Nick E, Nesi J, Telzer EH, Prinstein MJ. Why Haven't You Texted Me Back? Adolescents' Digital Entrapment, Friendship Conflict, and Perceived General Health. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37796196 PMCID: PMC10995108 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2261543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many adolescents feel pressure to be constantly available and responsive to others via their smartphones and social media. This phenomenon has been understudied using quantitative methods, and no prior study has examined adolescents' specific stress about meeting digital availability expectations within a best friendship, or entrapment. The present study offers an important preliminary examination of this unique digital stressor in a developmental context by examining prospective associations between digital entrapment, psychosocial adjustment, and health in adolescence. METHOD Students in a rural, lower-income school district in the southeastern US (n = 714; 53.8% female; 45.9% White, 22.7% Black, 24.0% Hispanic/Latino) completed self-report measures of digital entrapment, perceived general health, friendship conflict, and depressive symptoms at two timepoints, one year apart. RESULTS Digital entrapment, which 76.3% of the sample reported experiencing, was associated prospectively with higher levels of friendship conflict and worse perceived general health one year later among boys, but not girls. Findings suggest that digital entrapment is an extremely common experience for adolescents that may disproportionally affect boys. Entrapment was not prospectively associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results offer insight into how boys may have different social media experiences significant to their development and health, while much work exploring gender differences in social media use thus far has elucidated negative effects for girls. Boys may perceive and respond to novel social norms of digital environments differently such that digital entrapment has the potential to be detrimental to their friendships and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A. Fox
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth Nick
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jacqueline Nesi
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI
- Bradley/Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Eva H. Telzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mitchell J. Prinstein
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC
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Meyerson WU, Fineberg SK, Andrade FC, Corlett P, Gerstein MB, Hoyle RH. The association between evening social media use and delayed sleep may be causal: Suggestive evidence from 120 million Reddit timestamps. Sleep Med 2023; 107:212-218. [PMID: 37235891 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Public health officials and clinicians routinely advise social media users to avoid nighttime social media use due to the perception that this delays the onset of sleep and predisposes to the health risks of insufficient sleep. With some exceptions, the evidence behind this advice mostly derives from surveys identifying an association between self-reported social media usage and self-reported sleep patterns. In principle, these associations could alternatively be explained by users turning to social media to pass the time when they are otherwise having difficulty sleeping, or by individual differences that draw some people to frequent social media use, or by offline activities that overlap with both social media use and delayed sleep. To attempt to distinguish among these explanations, we leveraged estimated bedtimes from 44,000 Reddit users reported in a recent study and their 120 million posts to test whether the relationship between sleep and social media has properties suggestive of a causal relationship. We find that users are especially likely to be active on Reddit after their bedtime (and therefore awake) on nights that they posted to Reddit shortly before bedtime, especially if they posted multiple times or in high-engagement forums that night. Overall, this study lends additional support to the notion that there likely is some causal effect of evening social media use on delayed sleep onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- William U Meyerson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Fernanda C Andrade
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip Corlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Statistics & Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rick H Hoyle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Meyerson WU, Fineberg SK, Song YK, Faber A, Ash G, Andrade FC, Corlett P, Gerstein MB, Hoyle RH. Estimation of Bedtimes of Reddit Users: Integrated Analysis of Time Stamps and Surveys. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e38112. [PMID: 36649054 PMCID: PMC9890352 DOI: 10.2196/38112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with later bedtimes have an increased risk of difficulties with mood and substances. To investigate the causes and consequences of late bedtimes and other sleep patterns, researchers are exploring social media as a data source. Pioneering studies inferred sleep patterns directly from social media data. While innovative, these efforts are variously unscalable, context dependent, confined to specific sleep parameters, or rest on untested assumptions, and none of the reviewed studies apply to the popular Reddit platform or release software to the research community. OBJECTIVE This study builds on this prior work. We estimate the bedtimes of Reddit users from the times tamps of their posts, test inference validity against survey data, and release our model as an R package (The R Foundation). METHODS We included 159 sufficiently active Reddit users with known time zones and known, nonanomalous bedtimes, together with the time stamps of their 2.1 million posts. The model's form was chosen by visualizing the aggregate distribution of the timing of users' posts relative to their reported bedtimes. The chosen model represents a user's frequency of Reddit posting by time of day, with a flat portion before bedtime and a quadratic depletion that begins near the user's bedtime, with parameters fitted to the data. This model estimates the bedtimes of individual Reddit users from the time stamps of their posts. Model performance is assessed through k-fold cross-validation. We then apply the model to estimate the bedtimes of 51,372 sufficiently active, nonbot Reddit users with known time zones from the time stamps of their 140 million posts. RESULTS The Pearson correlation between expected and observed Reddit posting frequencies in our model was 0.997 on aggregate data. On average, posting starts declining 45 minutes before bedtime, reaches a nadir 4.75 hours after bedtime that is 87% lower than the daytime rate, and returns to baseline 10.25 hours after bedtime. The Pearson correlation between inferred and reported bedtimes for individual users was 0.61 (P<.001). In 90 of 159 cases (56.6%), our estimate was within 1 hour of the reported bedtime; 128 cases (80.5%) were within 2 hours. There was equivalent accuracy in hold-out sets versus training sets of k-fold cross-validation, arguing against overfitting. The model was more accurate than a random forest approach. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered a simple, reproducible relationship between Reddit users' reported bedtimes and the time of day when high daytime posting rates transition to low nighttime posting rates. We captured this relationship in a model that estimates users' bedtimes from the time stamps of their posts. Limitations include applicability only to users who post frequently, the requirement for time zone data, and limits on generalizability. Nonetheless, it is a step forward for inferring the sleep parameters of social media users passively at scale. Our model and precomputed estimated bedtimes of 50,000 Reddit users are freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- William U Meyerson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sarah K Fineberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ye Kyung Song
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Adam Faber
- Durham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Garrett Ash
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fernanda C Andrade
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Philip Corlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Statistics & Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rick H Hoyle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Guazzini A, Gursesli MC, Serritella E, Tani M, Duradoni M. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Types and Social Media: Are Social Media Important and Impactful for OCD People? Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1108-1120. [PMID: 36005227 PMCID: PMC9407245 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12080078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media (SM) are the new standard for social interaction and people with OCD use such platforms like everyone else. However, the research on these individuals provides limited, sporadic, and difficult-to-generalize data outside of social-media evidence for one specific context concerning how SM is experienced by people with OCD. Our cross-sectional study involved 660 participants (71.4% females, 28.6% males) with 22% of the sample surpassing the 90° percentile threshold to be identified as high-level OCD-symptomatic individuals. Our work highlighted that roughly all OCD types are affected by social media in terms of mood and that these individuals appeared to give SM more importance than non-OCD individuals. The evidence presented, although very narrow, can be conceived as the first building blocks to encourage future research considering how individuals with OCD experience social media, since they appear to be affected more by them compared to non-OCD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guazzini
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
- Centre for the Study of Complex Dynamics, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mustafa Can Gursesli
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Serritella
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Margherita Tani
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Duradoni
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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