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Veras M, Labbé DR, Furlano J, Zakus D, Rutherford D, Pendergast B, Kairy D. A framework for equitable virtual rehabilitation in the metaverse era: challenges and opportunities. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1241020. [PMID: 37691912 PMCID: PMC10488814 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1241020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Metaverse technology is spurring a transformation in healthcare and has the potential to cause a disruptive shift in rehabilitation interventions. The technology will surely be a promising field offering new resources to improve clinical outcomes, compliance, sustainability, and patients' interest in rehabilitation. Despite the growing interest in technologies for rehabilitation, various barriers to using digital services may continue to perpetuate a digital divide. This article proposes a framework with five domains and elements to consider when designing and implementing Metaverse-based rehabilitation services to reduce potential inequalities and provide best patient care. Methods The framework was developed in two phases and was informed by previous frameworks in digital health, the Metaverse, and health equity. The main elements were extracted and synthesized via consultation with an interdisciplinary team, including a knowledge user. Results The proposed framework discusses equity issues relevant to assessing progress in moving toward and implementing the Metaverse in rehabilitation services. The five domains of the framework were identified as equity, health services integration, interoperability, global governance, and humanization. Discussion This article is a call for all rehabilitation professionals, along with other important stakeholders, to engage in developing an equitable, decentralized, and sustainable Metaverse service and not just be a spectator as it develops. Challenges and opportunities and their implications for future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Veras
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation du Montréal métropolitain (CRIR), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David R. Labbé
- École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joyla Furlano
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Zakus
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Rutherford
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Dahlia Kairy
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bulcock A, Hassan L, Giles S, Sanders C, Nenadic G, Campbell S, Dixon W. Public Perspectives of Using Social Media Data to Improve Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting: A Mixed-Methods Study. Drug Saf 2021; 44:553-564. [PMID: 33582973 PMCID: PMC8053157 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-021-01042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Information on suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) voluntarily submitted by patients can be a valuable source of information for improving drug safety; however, public awareness of reporting mechanisms remains low. Whilst methods to automatically detect ADR mentions from social media posts using text mining techniques have been proposed to improve reporting rates, it is unclear how acceptable these would be to social media users. Objective The objective of this study was to explore public opinion about using automated methods to detect and report mentions of ADRs on social media to enhance pharmacovigilance efforts. Methods Users of the online health discussion forum HealthUnlocked participated in an online survey (N = 1359) about experiences with ADRs, knowledge of pharmacovigilance methods, and opinions about using automated data mining methods to detect and report ADRs. To further explore responses, five qualitative focus groups were conducted with 20 social media users with long-term health conditions. Results Participant responses indicated a low awareness of pharmacovigilance methods and ADR reporting. They showed a strong willingness to share health-related social media data about ADRs with researchers and regulators, but were cautious about automated text mining methods of detecting and reporting ADRs. Conclusions Social media users value public-facing pharmacovigilance schemes, even if they do not understand the current framework of pharmacovigilance within the UK. Ongoing engagement with users is essential to understand views, share knowledge and respect users’ privacy expectations to optimise future ADR reporting from online health communities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40264-021-01042-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bulcock
- Health Education England, North West Deanery, UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lamiece Hassan
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Centre for Health Informatics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sally Giles
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Sanders
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Goran Nenadic
- School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Will Dixon
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Ford E, Shepherd S, Jones K, Hassan L. Toward an Ethical Framework for the Text Mining of Social Media for Health Research: A Systematic Review. Front Digit Health 2021; 2:592237. [PMID: 34713062 PMCID: PMC8521805 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.592237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Text-mining techniques are advancing all the time and vast corpora of social media text can be analyzed for users' views and experiences related to their health. There is great promise for new insights into health issues such as drug side effects and spread of disease, as well as patient experiences of health conditions and health care. However, this emerging field lacks ethical consensus and guidance. We aimed to bring together a comprehensive body of opinion, views, and recommendations in this area so that academic researchers new to the field can understand relevant ethical issues. Methods: After registration of a protocol in PROSPERO, three parallel systematic searches were conducted, to identify academic articles comprising commentaries, opinion, and recommendations on ethical practice in social media text mining for health research and gray literature guidelines and recommendations. These were integrated with social media users' views from qualitative studies. Papers and reports that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed thematically to identify key themes, and an overarching set of themes was deduced. Results: A total of 47 reports and articles were reviewed, and eight themes were identified. Commentators suggested that publicly posted social media data could be used without consent and formal research ethics approval, provided that the anonymity of users is ensured, although we note that privacy settings are difficult for users to navigate on some sites. Even without the need for formal approvals, we note ethical issues: to actively identify and minimize possible harms, to conduct research for public benefit rather than private gain, to ensure transparency and quality of data access and analysis methods, and to abide by the law and terms and conditions of social media sites. Conclusion: Although social media text mining can often legally and reasonably proceed without formal ethics approvals, we recommend improving ethical standards in health-related research by increasing transparency of the purpose of research, data access, and analysis methods; consultation with social media users and target groups to identify and mitigate against potential harms that could arise; and ensuring the anonymity of social media users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ford
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Scarlett Shepherd
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kerina Jones
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Lamiece Hassan
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Towards understanding how individuals with inflammatory bowel disease use contemporary social media platforms for health-related discourse. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abelsson T, Morténius H, Bergman S, Karlsson AK. Quality and availability of information in primary healthcare: the patient perspective. Scand J Prim Health Care 2020; 38:33-41. [PMID: 32003287 PMCID: PMC7054918 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1718311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore lived experiences of patients communicating with and receiving information from primary health care.Design: Qualitative study analysing transcribed interviews by descriptive content analysis.Setting: Recruitment and interviews took place in southern Sweden in three primary care centres where privacy and undisturbed interview environments was ensured.Subjects: 17 primary care patient informants, 9 men and 8 women aged 31 - 84 years with varying educational levels from primary school to post graduates.Main outcome measures: Thematic categories and subcategories reporting the lived experience of the patients.Results: The analysis yielded three categories and identified as a main theme a feeling of unpredictability based on the emotional aspects of feeling lost and vulnerable when trying to access primary care. The category" Need for easy access" illustrated emotional aspects of importance to patients when contacting primary health care." Need for individual adaptation" described the need to individually adapt health related information." Information exchange" comprised experiences of information evaluation and understanding new information.Conclusions: Patients generally trusted the information received, but experienced a lack of communication, which evoked feelings of unpredictability and abandonment. Experiences of limited access to primary health care and the need for varying degrees of adaptation on the part of the individual were factors of concern for how patients experienced the care.Key PointsSmooth communication and understandable information are fundamental for quality primary health care. This qualitative interview study identified the following key points from analysing the views of 17 patients:• Patients indicated a feeling of unpredictability due to lack of access to and communication with health professionals.• Patients sometimes reported an inability to understand information conveyed by health professionals.• Being able to form relationships with health professionals was crucial for patients' trust and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Abelsson
- Department of Research, Education and Development, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden;
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
- CONTACT Tobias Abelsson Department of Research, Education and Development, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Helena Morténius
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Health Care, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden;
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
- FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ann-Kristin Karlsson
- Department of Research, Education and Development, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden;
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
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Litchman ML, Edelman LS. Perceptions of the Diabetes Online Community's Credibility, Social Capital, and Help and Harm: Cross-Sectional Comparison Between Baby Boomers and Younger Adults. JMIR Aging 2019; 2:e10857. [PMID: 31573907 PMCID: PMC6787528 DOI: 10.2196/10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of online health communities such as the diabetes online community (DOC) is growing. Individuals who engage in the DOC are able to interact with peers who have the same medical condition. It is not known if older adults are perceiving the DOC differently compared with younger adults. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore and understand how the DOC is perceived in terms of social capital, source credibility, and help and harm. The findings from this study will shed light on how users of different age groups (baby boomers and younger adult counterparts) perceive DOC use. Methods This study represents a subset of participants from a larger study of DOC users. Baby boomers and younger adults with diabetes were recruited from the DOC to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Demographics, electronic health use (reasons to join the DOC, DOC intensity, DOC engagement, internet social capital, and help or harm from the DOC), source credibility, health-related quality of life, and diabetes self-care data were collected. We examined the differences between baby boomer and younger adult responses. Results The participants included baby boomers (N=76) and younger adult counterparts (N=102). Participants scored their diabetes health care team (mean 33.5 [SD 8]) significantly higher than the DOC (mean 32 [SD 6.4]) with regard to competence (P<.05) and trustworthiness (diabetes health care team mean 36.3 [SD 7.1]; DOC mean 33.6 [SD 6.2]; P<.001). High bonding and bridging social capital correlated with high DOC intensity (r=.629; P<.001 and r=.676; P<.001, respectively) and high DOC engagement (r=.474; P<.01 and r=.507; P≤.01, respectively). The greater majority (69.8%) reported the DOC as being helpful, and 1.8% reported that the DOC had caused minor harm. Baby boomers perceived DOC credibility, social capital, help, and harm similarly to their younger adult counterparts. Conclusions Baby boomers are using and perceiving the DOC similarly to younger adults. DOC users find the DOC to be credible; however, they scored their health care team higher with regard to competence and trustworthiness. The DOC is beneficial with low risk and may augment current diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda S Edelman
- University of Utah, College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Litchman ML, Walker HR, Ng AH, Wawrzynski SE, Oser SM, Greenwood DA, Gee PM, Lackey M, Oser TK. State of the Science: A Scoping Review and Gap Analysis of Diabetes Online Communities. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2019; 13:466-492. [PMID: 30854884 PMCID: PMC6501517 DOI: 10.1177/1932296819831042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes are using online resources to engage in diabetes online communities to find diabetes-related support and information. The benefits and consequences of DOC (diabetes online community) use are unclear. This scoping review aims to map existing research focused on organic DOCs in which individuals affected by diabetes are interacting with peers. METHOD A scoping review was conducted to comprehensively report and synthesize relevant literature published prior to 2018. Attention was paid to variations in study design, DOC user and platform characteristics, and potential or actual benefits and consequences. RESULTS Of the 14 486 titles identified, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. No overt definition of the DOC could be identified. Perceived or actual benefits associated with DOC use can be broadly categorized as clinical, behavioral, psychosocial and community outcomes. Perceived, potential, or actual consequences associated with DOC use were categorized as quality of information, risky behavior exploration, acute concerns, psychosocial, privacy, and inactivity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review strongly suggest DOC use is highly beneficial with relatively few negative consequences. DOC use is an emerging area of research and research gaps exist. Future research should seek to identify benefits and consequences to DOC use in experimental trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Litchman
- College of Nursing, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Diabetes and Endocrinology Center,
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Heather R. Walker
- College of Applied Health Sciences,
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley H. Ng
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and
Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sean M. Oser
- Department of Family and Community
Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Perry M. Gee
- College of Nursing, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Intermountain Healthcare, Nursing
Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mellanye Lackey
- Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences
Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tamara K. Oser
- Department of Family and Community
Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Smedley RM, Coulson NS. Genetic testing for Huntington’s disease: A thematic analysis of online support community messages. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:580-594. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105319826340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease is a fatal late-onset genetic illness that causes motor, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Individuals considering genetic testing may benefit from online social support. This study investigates how genetic testing is discussed within health forums. A total of 337 messages written by 58 individuals were analysed using deductive thematic analysis. Discussions examined three themes: deciding to be tested (enquiring about symptoms and starting a new family), preparing for the test (information seeking and attending appointments) and receiving the results (positive and negative results). Forums can reduce the uncertainty of ambiguous symptoms and provide ongoing personalised support before, during and after a genetic test.
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McKinlay AR, Ridsdale LL. Views of People With Epilepsy About Web-Based Self-Presentation: A Qualitative Study. Interact J Med Res 2018; 7:e10349. [PMID: 30578229 PMCID: PMC6320425 DOI: 10.2196/10349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Web-based media, particularly social networking sites (SNSs), are a source of support for people with long-term conditions, like epilepsy. Living with epilepsy can reduce opportunities for accessing information and social support owing to transportation difficulties and stigma leading to self-isolation. However, some people with epilepsy (PWE) overcome these barriers using SNSs and other Web-based media. At present, little is known about Web-based identity and self-presentation of PWE; this study aims to address this gap. Objective This study aims to describe how the use of digital technologies, such as SNSs, impacts sense of identity in PWE. Methods We used qualitative research methods to examine Web-based media use and self-presentation in a group of 14 PWE (age range: 33-73 years; 7 men and 7 women). The median diagnosis duration was 25 years. Semistructured interviews ranged from 40 to 120 minutes, held at participants’ homes or in a public place of their choice, in the United Kingdom. QSR Nvivo 11 software was used to perform an inductive thematic analysis. Results In this study, 9 participants used Web-based media to “silently” learn from other PWE by reading user posts on SNSs and epilepsy-related forums. When asked about self-presentation, 7 participants described feeling cautious about disclosing their epilepsy to others online. Six participants presented themselves in the same manner irrespective of the situation and described their identity as being presented in the same way both online and offline. Conclusions PWE can deploy SNSs and Web-based media to manage aspects of their condition by learning from others and obtaining social support that may otherwise be difficult to access. Some PWE share openly, whereas others silently observe, without posting. Both benefit from the shared experiences of others. Privacy concerns and stigma can act as a barrier to sharing using Web-based media and SNSs. For some, Web-based media offers a chance to experiment with identity and change self-presentation, leading to gradually “coming out” and feeling more comfortable discussing epilepsy with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Ruth McKinlay
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leone Lorna Ridsdale
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Crawford G, Maycock B, Tobin R, Brown G, Lobo R. Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmissible Infections in Expatriates and Traveler Networks: Qualitative Study of Peer Interaction in an Online Forum. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e10787. [PMID: 30185404 PMCID: PMC6231883 DOI: 10.2196/10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In high-income countries such as Australia, an increasing proportion of HIV cases have been acquired overseas, including among expatriates and travelers. Australia’s national strategies have highlighted the need for public health interventions for priority populations. One approach is to expand efforts to places or spaces where expatriate communities reside. Online settings such as forums used by expatriates and travelers have potential for preventing sexually transmissible infections with those hard to reach through more traditional interventions. Objective Our objectives were to (1) identify and describe domains of social interaction and engagement in 1 online forum used by Australian expatriates and travelers living or working in Thailand; and (2) make recommendations to health-promoting organizations and policy makers regarding the role of these forums in public health interventions with mobile populations who may be at risk of acquiring HIV or other sexually transmissible infections. Methods We identified forums and users in 2 stages. We identified 13 online forums and analyzed them for inclusion criteria. We searched 1 forum that met the required criteria for users who met inclusion criteria (n=5). Discussion threads, rather than individual posts, were units of analysis. For each user, we collected as transcripts the first 100 posts and 10 most recent posts, including the thread in which they were posted. We analyzed and thematically coded each post (n=550). Transcripts and analyses were reviewed and refined by multiple members of the research team to improve rigor. Themes were not totally emergent but explored against symbolic interactionism concepts of presentation of self, meaning, and socialization. Results Key domains were as follows: the forum (characteristics of the space and reasons for use), gaining access (forum hierarchy and rules), identity (presentation of self and role of language), advice, support, and information (sources of information, support provided, influencers, topics of discussion, and receptiveness to advice), and risk (expectations and perceptions). The forum exhibited evidence of unique language, rules and norms, and processes for managing conflict and key influencers. The forum was a substantial source of health information and advice provided to users via confirmation, reassurance, or affirmation of beliefs and experiences. Risk perception and expectations varied. Risk taking, including around sex, appeared to be a key expectation of travel or the experience of being an expatriate or traveler. Conclusions Australian expatriate and long-term traveler participation in the online forum formed, influenced, and reinforced knowledge, attitudes, interaction, and identity. Such forums can be used by policy makers and health-promoting organizations to provide supplementary sources of support and information to hard-to-reach mobile populations who may be at risk of acquiring HIV or other sexually transmissible infections. This will complement existing engagement with health professionals and other public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Rochelle Tobin
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Graham Brown
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Australian Research Centre in Sex Health and Society, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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Gruzd A, Hernández-García Á. Privacy Concerns and Self-Disclosure in Private and Public Uses of Social Media. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2018; 21:418-428. [PMID: 29995525 PMCID: PMC6719399 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The study contributes to the ongoing debate about the "privacy paradox" in the context of using social media. The presence of a privacy paradox is often declared if there is no relationship between users' information privacy concerns and their online self-disclosure. However, prior research has produced conflicting results. The novel contribution of this study is that we consider public and private self-disclosure separately. The data came from a cross-national survey of 1,500 Canadians. For the purposes of the study, we only examined the subset of 545 people who had at least one public account and one private account. Going beyond a single view of self-disclosure, we captured five dimensions of self-disclosure: Amount, Depth, Polarity, Accuracy, and Intent; and two aspects of privacy concerns: concerns about organizational and social threats. To examine the collected data, we used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Our research does not support the presence of a privacy paradox as we found a relationship between privacy concerns from organizational and social threats and most of the dimensions of self-disclosure (even if the relationship was weak). There was no difference between patterns of self-disclosure on private versus public accounts. Different privacy concerns may trigger different privacy protection responses and, thus, may interact with self-disclosure differently. Concerns about organizational threats increase awareness and accuracy while reducing amount and depth, while concerns about social threats reduce accuracy and awareness while increasing amount and depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy Gruzd
- 1 Ted Rogers School of Management, Ryerson University , Toronto, Canada
| | - Ángel Hernández-García
- 2 Department of Organization Engineering, Business Administration and Statistics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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12
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Smedley RM, Coulson NS. A practical guide to analysing online support forums. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2018.1475532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Smedley
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neil S. Coulson
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Lewinski AA, Anderson RA, Vorderstrasse AA, Fisher EB, Pan W, Johnson CM. Type 2 Diabetes Education and Support in a Virtual Environment: A Secondary Analysis of Synchronously Exchanged Social Interaction and Support. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e61. [PMID: 29467118 PMCID: PMC5842323 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.9390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual environments (VEs) facilitate interaction and support among individuals with chronic illness, yet the characteristics of these VE interactions remain unknown. Objective The objective of this study was to describe social interaction and support among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who interacted in a VE. Methods Data included VE-mediated synchronous conversations and text-chat and asynchronous emails and discussion board posts from a study that facilitated interaction among individuals with T2D and diabetes educators (N=24) in 2 types of sessions: education and support. Results VE interactions consisted of communication techniques (how individuals interact in the VE), expressions of self-management (T2D-related topics), depth (personalization of topics), and breadth (number of topics discussed). Individuals exchanged support more often in the education (723/1170, 61.79%) than in the support (406/1170, 34.70%) sessions or outside session time (41/1170, 3.50%). Of all support exchanges, 535/1170 (45.73%) were informational, 377/1170 (32.22%) were emotional, 217/1170 (18.55%) were appraisal, and 41/1170 (3.50%) were instrumental. When comparing session types, education sessions predominately provided informational support (357/723, 49.4%), and the support sessions predominately provided emotional (159/406, 39.2%) and informational (159/406, 39.2%) support. Conclusions VE-mediated interactions resemble those in face-to-face environments, as individuals in VEs engage in bidirectional exchanges with others to obtain self-management education and support. Similar to face-to-face environments, individuals in the VE revealed personal information, sought information, and exchanged support during the moderated education sessions and unstructured support sessions. With this versatility, VEs are able to contribute substantially to support for those with diabetes and, very likely, other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Lewinski
- Durham Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruth A Anderson
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Edwin B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Peers for Progress, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wei Pan
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Constance M Johnson
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Smedley RM, Coulson NS. A thematic analysis of messages posted by moderators within health-related asynchronous online support forums. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2017; 100:1688-1693. [PMID: 28454663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and describe the activities performed by online support community moderators. METHODS A total of 790 messages were downloaded for analysis. Messages were written by 59 moderators from 6 forums that represent a diverse range of conditions (arthritis, complex regional pain syndrome, Crohn's disease, depression, diabetes and Huntington's disease). RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed four themes: supportive tasks supportive tasks involve providing help to members, moderators sharing experiences shows how they use forums to fulfil their own personal support needs, making announcements about new discoveries and upcoming events, and administrative tasks such as enforcing rules and deleting spam. CONCLUSION These results are consistent with the helper-therapy principle and provide a new insight into the diverse and varied range of activities carried out by moderators. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Moderators perform many roles, including using forums for their own support needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Smedley
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Neil S Coulson
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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Brady E, Segar J, Sanders C. Accessing support and empowerment online: The experiences of individuals with diabetes. Health Expect 2017; 20:1088-1095. [PMID: 28718928 PMCID: PMC5600220 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The use of the internet for health information by those with long-term conditions is growing. It has been argued that this represents a form of empowerment by patients, as it enables them to control the content and flow of the information available to them. To explore this, the use of online discussion groups by those with diabetes was examined. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants were recruited via online and offline routes, namely discussion boards, newsletters, and research networks related to diabetes. RESULTS By drawing on the advice, information, and support shared online, participants were empowered to position themselves as active participants in their own health care and to further engage with health-care professionals. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that forums can play a valuable role in aiding and motivating individuals in the daily management diabetes and highlight how this support is used to complement formal health services. However, more work needs to be carried out to determine to explore when and under what circumstances online support may be particularly beneficial to those with long-term conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Brady
- Centre for Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julia Segar
- Centre for Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Sanders
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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