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Xin M, Li Q, Wang D, Wang Z. Organoids for Cancer Research: Advances and Challenges. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400056. [PMID: 38977414 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
As 3D culture technology advances, new avenues have opened for the development of physiological human cancer models. These preclinical models provide efficient ways to translate basic cancer research into clinical tumor therapies. Recently, cancer organoids have emerged as a model to dissect the more complex tumor microenvironment. Incorporating cancer organoids into preclinical programs have the potential to increase the success rate of oncology drug development and recapitulate the most efficacious treatment regimens for cancer patients. In this review, four main types of cancer organoids are introduced, their applications, advantages, limitations, and prospects are discussed, as well as the recent application of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in exploring cancer organoids to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomaio Xin
- Assisted Reproductive Center, Women's & Children's Hospital of Northwest, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710000, China
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, 38925, Czech Republic
| | - Qian Li
- Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Assisted Reproductive Center, Women's & Children's Hospital of Northwest, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710000, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan Province, 404100, China
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2
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Norton BY, Liu J, Lewis SA, Magee H, Kruer TN, Dinh R, Bakhtiari S, Nordlie SH, Shetty S, Heim J, Nishiyama Y, Arango J, Johnson D, Seabrooke L, Shub M, Rosenberg R, Shusterman M, Wisniewski S, Cooper B, Rothwell E, Fahey MC, Shrader MW, Lennon N, Oleszek J, Pierce W, Fleming H, Belthur M, Tinto J, Noritz G, Glader L, Steffan K, Walker W, Grenard D, Aravamuthan B, Bjornson K, Joseph M, Gross P, Kruer MC. Development and validation of a stakeholder-driven, self-contained electronic informed consent platform for trio-based genomic research studies. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.01.24306461. [PMID: 39040210 PMCID: PMC11261908 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.24306461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Increasingly long and complex informed consents have yielded studies demonstrating comparatively low participant comprehension and satisfaction with traditional face-to-face approaches. In parallel, interest in electronic consents for clinical and research genomics has steadily increased, yet limited data are available for trio-based genomic discovery studies. We describe the design, development, implementation, and validation of an electronic iConsent application for trio-based genomic research deployed to support genomic studies of cerebral palsy. iConsent development incorporated stakeholder perspectives including researchers, patient advocates, institutional review board members, and genomic data-sharing considerations. The iConsent platform integrated principles derived from prior electronic consenting research and elements of multimedia learning theory. Participant comprehension was assessed in an interactive teachback format. The iConsent application achieved nine of ten proposed desiderata for effective patient-focused electronic consenting for genomic research. Overall, participants demonstrated high comprehension and retention of key human subjects' considerations. Enrollees reported high levels of satisfaction with the iConsent, and we found that participant comprehension, iConsent clarity, privacy protections, and study goal explanations were associated with overall satisfaction. Although opportunities exist to optimize iConsent, we show that such an approach is feasible, can satisfy multiple stakeholder requirements, and can realize high participant satisfaction and comprehension while increasing study reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Y Norton
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - James Liu
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sara A Lewis
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Helen Magee
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Tyler N Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rachael Dinh
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sandra H. Nordlie
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sheetal Shetty
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Programs in Behavioral Health, Biomedical Informatics, Molecular & Cellular Biology, and Neuroscience, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Heim
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yumi Nishiyama
- Programs in Behavioral Health, Biomedical Informatics, Molecular & Cellular Biology, and Neuroscience, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jorge Arango
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Darcy Johnson
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Lee Seabrooke
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Mitchell Shub
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Robert Rosenberg
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | | | - Stephen Wisniewski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Blair Cooper
- Cerebral Palsy Research Network, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Erin Rothwell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - M. Wade Shrader
- Department of Orthopaedics, AI DuPont Children’s Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Nancy Lennon
- Department of Orthopaedics, AI DuPont Children’s Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Joyce Oleszek
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Colorado Children’s Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wendy Pierce
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Colorado Children’s Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah Fleming
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Colorado Children’s Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mohan Belthur
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Jennifer Tinto
- Division of Complex Care, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s, Colombus, OH, USA
| | - Garey Noritz
- Division of Complex Care, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s, Colombus, OH, USA
| | - Laurie Glader
- Division of Complex Care, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s, Colombus, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey Steffan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah Grenard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kristie Bjornson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Malin Joseph
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Paul Gross
- Cerebral Palsy Research Network, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Programs in Behavioral Health, Biomedical Informatics, Molecular & Cellular Biology, and Neuroscience, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Prinsen L. Introducing dynamic consent for improved trust and privacy in research involving human biological material and associated data in South Africa. Front Genet 2024; 15:1272924. [PMID: 38633409 PMCID: PMC11021646 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1272924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research using human biological material and data is essential for improving human health, but it requires the active participation of many human volunteers in addition to the distribution of data. As a result, it has raised numerous vexing questions related to trust, privacy and consent. Trust is essential in biomedical research as it relates directly to the willingness of participants to continue participating in research. Privacy and the protection of personal information also influence trust. Informed consent has proven to be insufficient as it cannot overcome the informational deficit between primary and unknown future uses of material and data and is therefore not fully informed and invalid. Broad consent is also problematic as it takes full control of samples and data flow from the research participant and inherently requires that a participant must trust that the researcher will use their material or data in a manner that they would find acceptable. This paper attempts to offer some insight into how these related issues can be overcome. It introduces dynamic consent as a consent model in research involving human biological material and its associated data. Dynamic consent is explained, as well as its claims of superiority in instances where future research is possible. It is also shown how dynamic consent contributes to better control of the samples and data by the research participant, and how trust may be improved by using this consent model. Dynamic consent's co-existence with and support of the South African Protection of Personal Information Act of 2013 is also assessed. The limitations of dynamic consent are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisse Prinsen
- Department of Public Law, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Afraz A, Montazeri M, Shahrbabaki ME, Ahmadian L, Jahani Y. The viewpoints of parents of children with mental disorders regarding the confidentiality and security of their children's information in the Iranian national electronic health record system. Int J Med Inform 2024; 183:105334. [PMID: 38218129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic health records help collect and communicate patient information among healthcare providers. The confidentiality of information, especially for patients with mental disorders, is paramount due to its profound impacts on individuals' lives' social and personal aspects. This study aimed to investigate the viewpoints and concerns of parents of children with mental disorders regarding the confidentiality and security of their children's information in the Iranian National Electronic Health Record System (IEHRS). METHODS This is a survey study on parents or guardians of children with mental disorders who visited Kerman's specialised child psychiatry treatment centres. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 28 questions organised in seven sections, including demographic information of parents, children's medical history, Internet use, knowledge about IEHRS, the necessity of data collection, IEHRS security concerns, and privacy concerns. The data were analysed in SPSS 24 software using descriptive statistics and logistic and ordinal regressions to assess the relationship between parents' demographic characteristics and their viewpoints regarding information security and confidentiality concerns. RESULTS The results showed that more than 85 % of the parents believed that the security of their children's information in IEHRS was moderate to high. More than two-thirds (71 %) of the parents also believed that IEHRS should tighten its privacy policies. Most participants (87 %) were concerned about their children's information security in IEHRS. In this study, the parents' concerns about the privacy and security of information in IEHRS were not significantly associated with their age, gender, or knowledge about IEHRS. CONCLUSIONS Most parents of children with mental disorders were concerned about the security and confidentiality of their children's information in IEHRS. Thus, health policymakers should maintain a high level of security and establish appropriate privacy and confidentiality rules in IEHRS. In addition, they should be transparent about the system's security mechanisms and confidentiality regulations to win public trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afraz
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Montazeri
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Ahmadian
- Department of Health Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Yunes Jahani
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Molldrem S, Smith AKJ, Subrahmanyam V. Toward Consent in Molecular HIV Surveillance?: Perspectives of Critical Stakeholders. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2024; 15:66-79. [PMID: 37768111 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2023.2262967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of molecular HIV surveillance (MHS) and cluster detection and response (CDR) programs as key features of the United States (US) HIV strategy since 2018 has caused major controversies. HIV surveillance programs that re-use individuals' routinely collected clinical HIV data do not require consent on the basis that the public benefit of these programs outweighs individuals' rights to opt out. However, criticisms of MHS/CDR have questioned whether expanded uses of HIV genetic sequence data for prevention reach beyond traditional public health ethics frameworks. This study aimed to explore views on consent within MHS/CDR among critical stakeholders. METHODS In 2021 we interviewed 26 US HIV stakeholders who identified as being critical or concerned about the rollout of MHS/CDR. Stakeholders included participants belonging to networks of people living with HIV, other advocates, academics, and public health professionals. This analysis focused on identifying the range of positions among critical and concerned stakeholders on consent affordances, opt-outs, how to best inform people living with HIV about how data about them are used in public health programs, and related ethical issues. RESULTS Participants were broadly supportive of introducing some forms of consent into MHS/CDR. However, they differed on the specifics of implementing consent. While some participants did not support introducing consent affordances, all supported the idea that people living with HIV should be informed about how HIV surveillance and prevention is conducted and how individuals' data are used. CONCLUSIONS MHS/CDR has caused sustained controversy. Among critical stakeholders, consent is generally desirable but contested, although the right for people living with HIV to be informed was centrally supported. In an era of big data-driven public health interventions and routine uses of HIV genetic sequence data in surveillance and prevention, CDC and other agencies should revisit public health ethics frameworks and consider the possibility of consent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Molldrem
- Institute for Bioethics and Health Humanities, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony K J Smith
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vishnu Subrahmanyam
- Institute for Bioethics and Health Humanities, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Lee AR, Koo D, Kim IK, Lee E, Kim HH, Yoo S, Kim JH, Choi EK, Lee HY. Identifying facilitators of and barriers to the adoption of dynamic consent in digital health ecosystems: a scoping review. BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:107. [PMID: 38041034 PMCID: PMC10693132 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional consent practices face ethical challenges in continuously evolving digital health environments due to their static, one-time nature. Dynamic consent offers a promising solution, providing adaptability and flexibility to address these ethical concerns. However, due to the immaturity of the concept and accompanying technology, dynamic consent has not yet been widely used in practice. This study aims to identify the facilitators of and barriers to adopting dynamic consent in real-world scenarios. METHODS This scoping review, conducted in December 2022, adhered to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, focusing on dynamic consent within the health domain. A comprehensive search across Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus yielded 22 selected articles based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS The facilitators for the adoption of dynamic consent in digital health ecosystems were the provision of multiple consent modalities, personalized alternatives, continuous communication, and the dissemination of up-to-date information. Nevertheless, several barriers, such as consent fatigue, the digital divide, complexities in system implementation, and privacy and security concerns, needed to be addressed. This study also investigated current technological advancements and suggested considerations for further research aimed at resolving the remaining challenges surrounding dynamic consent. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic consent emerges as an ethically advantageous method for digital health ecosystems, driven by its adaptability and support for continuous, two-way communication between data subjects and consumers. Ethical implementation in real-world settings requires the development of a robust technical framework capable of accommodating the diverse needs of stakeholders, thereby ensuring ethical integrity and data privacy in the evolving digital health landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ra Lee
- Office of eHealth Research and Business, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Koo
- Office of eHealth Research and Business, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Kon Kim
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoung Yoo
- Office of eHealth Research and Business, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Medical Humanities and Medical Education, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Office of eHealth Research and Business, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Sanchini V, Marelli L, Monturano M, Bonizzi G, Peruzzotti G, Orecchia R, Pravettoni G. A comprehensive ethics and data governance framework for data-intensive health research: Lessons from an Italian cancer research institute. Account Res 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37608751 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2248884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sanchini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luca Marelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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de Man Y, Wieland-Jorna Y, Torensma B, de Wit K, Francke AL, Oosterveld-Vlug MG, Verheij RA. Opt-In and Opt-Out Consent Procedures for the Reuse of Routinely Recorded Health Data in Scientific Research and Their Consequences for Consent Rate and Consent Bias: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42131. [PMID: 36853745 PMCID: PMC10015347 DOI: 10.2196/42131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific researchers who wish to reuse health data pertaining to individuals can obtain consent through an opt-in procedure or opt-out procedure. The choice of procedure may have consequences for the consent rate and representativeness of the study sample and the quality of the research, but these consequences are not well known. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to provide insight into the consequences for the consent rate and consent bias of the study sample of opt-in procedures versus opt-out procedures for the reuse of routinely recorded health data for scientific research purposes. METHODS A systematic review was performed based on searches in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently included studies based on predefined eligibility criteria and assessed whether the statistical methods used in the reviewed literature were appropriate for describing the differences between consenters and nonconsenters. Statistical pooling was conducted, and a description of the results was provided. RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Of the 15 studies, 13 (87%) implemented an opt-in procedure, 1 (7%) implemented an opt-out procedure, and 1 (7%) implemented both the procedures. The average weighted consent rate was 84% (60,800/72,418 among the studies that used an opt-in procedure and 96.8% (2384/2463) in the single study that used an opt-out procedure. In the single study that described both procedures, the consent rate was 21% in the opt-in group and 95.6% in the opt-out group. Opt-in procedures resulted in more consent bias compared with opt-out procedures. In studies with an opt-in procedure, consenting individuals were more likely to be males, had a higher level of education, higher income, and higher socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Consent rates are generally lower when using an opt-in procedure compared with using an opt-out procedure. Furthermore, in studies with an opt-in procedure, participants are less representative of the study population. However, both the study populations and the way in which opt-in or opt-out procedures were organized varied widely between the studies, which makes it difficult to draw general conclusions regarding the desired balance between patient control over data and learning from health data. The reuse of routinely recorded health data for scientific research purposes may be hampered by administrative burdens and the risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne de Man
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Wieland-Jorna
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Torensma
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koos de Wit
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke L Francke
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robert A Verheij
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Tranzo, School of Social Sciences and Behavioural Research, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Muller SHA, van Thiel GJMW, Mostert M, van Delden JJM. Dynamic consent, communication and return of results in large-scale health data reuse: Survey of public preferences. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231190997. [PMID: 37599899 PMCID: PMC10434987 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231190997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic consent forms a comprehensive, tailored approach for interacting with research participants. We conducted a survey study to inquire how research participants evaluate the elements of consent, information provision, communication and return of results within dynamic consent in a hypothetical health data reuse scenario. We distributed a digital questionnaire among a purposive sample of patient panel members. Data were analysed using descriptive and nonparametric inferential statistics. Respondents favoured the potential to manage changing consent preferences over time. There was much agreement between people favouring closer and more specific control over data reuse approval and those in favour of broader approval, facilitated by an opt-out system or an independent data reuse committee. People want to receive more information about reuse, outcomes and return of results. Respondents supported an interactive model of research participation, welcoming regular, diverse and interactive forms of communication, like a digital communication platform. Approval for reuse and providing meaningful information, including meaningful return of results, are intricately related to facilitating better communication. Respondents favoured return of actionable research results. These findings emphasize the potential of dynamic consent for enabling participants to maintain control over how their data are being used for which purposes by whom. Allowing different options to shape a dynamic consent interface in health data reuse in a personalized manner is pivotal to accommodate plurality in a flexible though robust manner. Interaction via dynamic consent enables participants to tailor the elements of participation they deem relevant to their own preferences, engaging diverse perspectives, interests and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam HA Muller
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine JMW van Thiel
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Mostert
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes JM van Delden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Yusof MYPM, Teo CH, Ng CJ. Electronic informed consent criteria for research ethics review: a scoping review. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:117. [DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The research shows a growing trend in using an electronic platform to supplement or replace traditional paper-based informed consent processes. Instead of the traditionally written informed consent document, electronic informed consent (eConsent) may be used to assess the research subject’s comprehension of the information presented. By doing so, respect for persons as one of the research ethical principles can be upheld. Furthermore, these electronic methods may reduce potential airborne infection exposures, particularly during the pandemic, thereby adhering to the beneficence and nonmaleficence principle. This scoping review aims to identify the ethics related criteria that have been included in electronic informed consent processes and to synthesize and map these criteria to research ethics principles, in order to identify the gaps, if any, in current electronic informed consent processes.
Methods
The search was performed based on internet search and three main databases: PubMed, SCOPUS and EBSCO. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation guideline was used to report this work.
Results
Of 34 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 242 essential original constructs were collated, and 7 concepts were derived. Digital content showed the highest percentage of collated original constructs (27%, n = 65) followed by accessibility (24%, n = 56), comprehension engagement (18%, n = 43), autonomy (14%, n = 34), confidentiality (11%, n = 25), language (5%, n = 13), and parental consent (1%, n = 2). Twenty-five new items were synthesized for eConsent criteria which may provide guidance for ethical review of research involving eConsent.
Conclusion
The current study adds significant value to the corpus of knowledge in research ethics by providing ethical criteria on electronic informed consent based on evidence-based data. The new synthesized items in the criteria can be readily used as an initial guide by the IRB/REC members during a review process on electronic informed consent and useful to the future preparation of a checklist.
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11
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de Jongh D, Massey EK, Bunnik EM. Organoids: a systematic review of ethical issues. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:337. [PMID: 35870991 PMCID: PMC9308907 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are 3D structures grown from pluripotent stem cells derived from human tissue and serve as in vitro miniature models of human organs. Organoids are expected to revolutionize biomedical research and clinical care. However, organoids are not seen as morally neutral. For instance, tissue donors may perceive enduring personal connections with their organoids, setting higher bars for informed consent and patient participation. Also, several organoid sub-types, e.g., brain organoids and human-animal chimeric organoids, have raised controversy. This systematic review provides an overview of ethical discussions as conducted in the scientific literature on organoids. The review covers both research and clinical applications of organoid technology and discusses the topics informed consent, commercialization, personalized medicine, transplantation, brain organoids, chimeras, and gastruloids. It shows that further ethical research is needed especially on organoid transplantation, to help ensure the responsible development and clinical implementation of this technology in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dide de Jongh
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma K. Massey
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Bunnik
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Zenker S, Strech D, Ihrig K, Jahns R, Müller G, Schickhardt C, Schmidt G, Speer R, Winkler E, von Kielmansegg SG, Drepper J. Data protection-compliant broad consent for secondary use of health care data and human biosamples for (bio)medical research: Towards a new German national standard. J Biomed Inform 2022; 131:104096. [PMID: 35643273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secondary use of deidentified but not anonymized patient data is a promising approach for enabling precision medicine and learning health care systems. In most national jurisdictions (e.g., in Europe), this type of secondary use requires patient consent. While various ethical, legal, and technical analyses have stressed the opportunities and challenges for different types of consent over the past decade, no country has yet established a national consent standard accepted by the relevant authorities. METHODS A working group of the national Medical Informatics Initiative in Germany conducted a requirements analysis and developed a GDPR-compliant broad consent standard. The development included consensus procedures within the Medical Informatics Initiative, a documented consultation process with all relevant stakeholder groups and authorities, and the ultimate submission for approval via the national data protection authorities. RESULTS This paper presents the broad consent text together with a guidance document on mandatory safeguards for broad consent implementation. The mandatory safeguards comprise i) independent review of individual research projects, ii) organizational measures to protect patients from involuntary disclosure of protected information, and iii) comprehensive information for patients and public transparency. This paper further describes the key issues discussed with the relevant authorities, especially the position on additional or alternative consent approaches such as dynamic consent. DISCUSSION Both the resulting broad consent text and the national consensus process are relevant for similar activities internationally. A key challenge of aligning consent documents with the various stakeholders was explaining and justifying the decision to use broad consent and the decision against using alternative models such as dynamic consent. Public transparency for all secondary use projects and their results emerged as a key factor in this justification. While currently largely limited to academic medicine in Germany, the first steps for extending this broad consent approach to wider areas of application, including smaller institutions and medical practices, are currently under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Zenker
- Staff Unit for Scientific & Medical Technology Development & Coordination (MWTek), Commercial Directorate, Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics & Epidemiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusbergcampus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Daniel Strech
- QUEST Center, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Ihrig
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Jahns
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data Würzburg (ibdw), University and University Hospital of Würzburg, Building A8/A9, Straubmühlweg 2a, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Müller
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Schickhardt
- Section of Translational Medical Ethics, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Speer
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva Winkler
- Section for Translational Medical Ethics, Dept Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 460, 69121 Heidelberg
| | | | - Johannes Drepper
- TMF - Technology, Methods, and Infrastructure for Networked Medical Research, Charlottenstrasse 42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Buhr L, Kaufmann PLM, Jörß K. Chronic Heart Failure Patients’ Attitudes towards Digital Device Data for Self-Documentation and Research in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint). JMIR Cardio 2021; 6:e34959. [PMID: 35921134 PMCID: PMC9386578 DOI: 10.2196/34959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the use of digital mobile measurement devices (DMMDs) for self-documentation in cardiovascular care in Western industrialized health care systems has increased. For patients with chronic heart failure (cHF), digital self-documentation plays an increasingly important role in self-management. Data from DMMDs can also be integrated into telemonitoring programs or data-intensive medical research to collect and evaluate patient-reported outcome measures through data sharing. However, the implementation of data-intensive devices and data sharing poses several challenges for doctors and patients as well as for the ethical governance of data-driven medical research. Objective This study aims to explore the potential and challenges of digital device data in cardiology research from patients’ perspectives. Leading research questions of the study concerned the attitudes of patients with cHF toward health-related data collected in the use of digital devices for self-documentation as well as sharing these data and consenting to data sharing for research purposes. Methods A cross-sectional survey of patients of a research in cardiology was conducted at a German university medical center (N=159) in 2020 (March to July). Eligible participants were German-speaking adult patients with cHF at that center. A pen-and-pencil questionnaire was sent by mail. Results Most participants (77/105, 73.3%) approved digital documentation, as they expected the device data to help them observe their body and its functions more objectively. Digital device data were believed to provide cognitive support, both for patients’ self-assessment and doctors’ evaluation of their patients’ current health condition. Interestingly, positive attitudes toward DMMD data providing cognitive support were, in particular, voiced by older patients aged >65 years. However, approximately half of the participants (56/105, 53.3%) also reported difficulty in dealing with self-documented data that lay outside the optimal medical target range. Furthermore, our findings revealed preferences for the self-management of DMMD data disclosed for data-intensive medical research among German patients with cHF, which are best implemented with a dynamic consent model. Conclusions Our findings provide potentially valuable insights for introducing DMMD in cardiovascular research in the German context. They have several practical implications, such as a high divergence in attitudes among patients with cHF toward different data-receiving organizations as well as a large variance in preferences for the modes of receiving information included in the consenting procedure for data sharing for research. We suggest addressing patients’ multiple views on consenting and data sharing in institutional normative governance frameworks for data-intensive medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorina Buhr
- Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Economics, Law and Social Sciences, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Pauline Lucie Martiana Kaufmann
- Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Jörß
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Desingh V, R B. Internet of Things adoption barriers in the Indian healthcare supply chain: An ISM-fuzzy MICMAC approach. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:318-351. [PMID: 34585440 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet of things (IoT) plays a significant role in offering a wide range of benefits to the healthcare supply chain. It improves the quality of patient care, reduces the cost of medical procedures, maintaining flawless operations and supports clinical decisions. Despite strong policy interest and vast potential benefits of IoT in the healthcare supply chain, the actual adoption rate is relatively low and it's in the nascent stage in developing countries like India. The objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the potential barriers which would restrain the healthcare industry from adopting IoT. Based on the review of the literature and brainstorming with experts from industry and academia, 14 barriers were identified for IoT adoption. The contextual relationship between the identified barriers was developed using interpretive structural modeling and the obtained results were used as input to fuzzy MICMAC analysis to determine the driving and dependence power of the IoT adoption barriers. From the result, Legal and regulatory standards, Lack of IT Infrastructure are major barriers influencing the adoption of IoT in the healthcare supply chain. The findings will support the decision-makers to understand the contextual relationship between the IoT adoption barriers in the Indian healthcare supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Videsh Desingh
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaran R
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Scheibner J, Sleigh J, Ienca M, Vayena E. Benefits, challenges, and contributors to success for national eHealth systems implementation: a scoping review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 28:2039-2049. [PMID: 34151990 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our scoping review aims to assess what legal, ethical, and socio-technical factors contribute to or inhibit the success of national eHealth system implementations. In addition, our review seeks to describe the characteristics and benefits of eHealth systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a scoping review of literature published in English between January 2000 and 2020 using a keyword search on 5 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEEXplore, and ProQuest. After removal of duplicates, abstract screening, and full-text filtering, 86 articles were included from 8276 search results. RESULTS We identified 17 stakeholder groups, 6 eHealth Systems areas, and 15 types of legal regimes and standards. In-depth textual analysis revealed challenges mainly in implementation, followed by ethico-legal and data-related aspects. Key factors influencing success include promoting trust of the system, ensuring wider acceptance among users, reconciling the system with legal requirements, and ensuring an adaptable technical platform. DISCUSSION Results revealed support for decentralized implementations because they carry less implementation and engagement challenges than centralized ones. Simultaneously, due to decentralized systems' interoperability issues, federated implementations (with a set of national standards) might be preferable. CONCLUSION This study identifies the primary socio-technical, legal, and ethical factors that challenge and contribute to the success of eHealth system implementations. This study also describes the complexities and characteristics of existing eHealth implementation programs, and suggests guidance for resolving the identified challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Scheibner
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Health Ethics and Policy Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,College of Business, Government and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joanna Sleigh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Health Ethics and Policy Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Ienca
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Health Ethics and Policy Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Effy Vayena
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Health Ethics and Policy Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Vears DF, Minion JT, Roberts SJ, Cummings J, Machirori M, Murtagh MJ. Views on genomic research result delivery methods and informed consent: a review. Per Med 2021; 18:295-310. [PMID: 33822658 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been little discussion of the way genomic research results should be returned and how to obtain informed consent for this. We systematically searched the empirical literature, identifying 63 articles exploring stakeholder perspectives on processes for obtaining informed consent about return of results and/or result delivery. Participants, patients and members of the public generally felt they should choose which results are returned to them and how, ranging from direct (face-to-face, telephone) to indirect (letters, emails, web-based delivery) communication. Professionals identified inadequacies in result delivery processes in the research context. Our findings have important implications for ensuring participants are supported in deciding which results they wish to receive or, if no choice is offered, preparing them for potential research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya F Vears
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Carlton 3052, Australia.,Biomedical Ethics Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Center for Biomedical Ethics & Law, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Leuven Institute for Human Genetics & Society, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joel T Minion
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Stephanie J Roberts
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James Cummings
- School of Art, Media & American Studies, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mavis Machirori
- School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Madeleine J Murtagh
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK.,School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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17
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Teare HJA, Prictor M, Kaye J. Reflections on dynamic consent in biomedical research: the story so far. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:649-656. [PMID: 33249421 PMCID: PMC7695991 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic consent (DC) was originally developed in response to challenges to the informed consent process presented by participants agreeing to 'future research' in biobanking. In the past 12 years, it has been trialled in a number of different projects, and examined as a new approach for consent and to support patient engagement over time. There have been significant societal shifts during this time, namely in our reliance on digital tools and the use of social media, as well as a greater appreciation of the integral role of patients in biomedical research. This paper reflects on the development of DC to understand its importance in an age where digital health is becoming the norm and patients require greater oversight and control of how their data may be used in a range of settings. As well as looking back, it looks forwards to consider how DC could be further utilised to enhance the patient experience and address some of the inequalities caused by the digital divide in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet J A Teare
- Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Megan Prictor
- Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Kaye
- Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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18
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Cumyn A, Dault R, Barton A, Cloutier AM, Ethier JF. Citizens, Research Ethics Committee Members and Researchers' Attitude Toward Information and Consent for the Secondary Use of Health Data: Implications for Research Within Learning Health Systems. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2021; 16:165-178. [PMID: 33710932 PMCID: PMC8236664 DOI: 10.1177/1556264621992214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A survey was conducted to assess citizens, research ethics committee members, and researchers' attitude toward information and consent for the secondary use of health data for research within learning health systems (LHSs). Results show that the reuse of health data for research to advance knowledge and improve care is valued by all parties; consent regarding health data reuse for research has fundamental importance particularly to citizens; and all respondents deemed important the existence of a secure website to support the information and consent processes. This survey was part of a larger project that aims at exploring public perspectives on alternate approaches to the current consent models for health data reuse to take into consideration the unique features of LHSs. The revised model will need to ensure that citizens are given the opportunity to be better informed about upcoming research and have their say, when possible, in the use of their data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Cumyn
- Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Informatique de la Santé (GRIIS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Dault
- Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Informatique de la Santé (GRIIS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Data Access Component, Quebec SPOR Support Unit, 98629Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Adrien Barton
- Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Informatique de la Santé (GRIIS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,27051Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (CNRS-IRIT), Toulouse, Île-de-France, France
| | - Anne-Marie Cloutier
- Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Informatique de la Santé (GRIIS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Data Access Component, Quebec SPOR Support Unit, 98629Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Ethier
- Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Informatique de la Santé (GRIIS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, 7321Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Data Access Component, Quebec SPOR Support Unit, 98629Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Wallace SE, Miola J. Adding dynamic consent to a longitudinal cohort study: A qualitative study of EXCEED participant perspectives. BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:12. [PMID: 33563268 PMCID: PMC7874652 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic consent has been proposed as a process through which participants and patients can gain more control over how their data and samples, donated for biomedical research, are used, resulting in greater trust in researchers. It is also a way to respond to evolving data protection frameworks and new legislation. Others argue that the broad consent currently used in biobank research is ethically robust. Little empirical research with cohort study participants has been published. This research investigated the participants' opinions of adding a dynamic consent interface to their existing study. METHODS Adult participants in the Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) longitudinal cohort study who are members of the EXCEED Public and Participant Engagement Group were recruited. Four focus groups were conducted and analysed for thematic content. Discussion topics were derived from a review of the current literature on dynamic consent. RESULTS Participants were in favour of many aspects of a dynamic consent interface, such as being able to update their information, add additional data to their records and choose withdrawal options. They were supportive provided it was simple to use and not intrusive. Participants expressed a markedly high level of trust in the study and its investigators and were unanimously happy with their current participation. No strong support was found for adding a dynamic consent interface to EXCEED. CONCLUSIONS Trust in the study researchers was the strongest theme found. Openness and good data security were needed to retain their trust. While happy to discuss dynamic consent, participants were satisfied with the current study arrangements. There were indications that changing the study might unnecessarily disturb their trust. This raised the question of whether there are contexts where dynamic consent is more appropriate than others. This study was limited by the small number of participants who were committed to the study and biased towards it. More research is needed to fully understand the potential impact of adding a dynamic consent interface to an existing cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Wallace
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - José Miola
- School of Law, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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20
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Jacquemard T, Doherty CP, Fitzsimons MB. The anatomy of electronic patient record ethics: a framework to guide design, development, implementation, and use. BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:9. [PMID: 33541335 PMCID: PMC7859903 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This manuscript presents a framework to guide the identification and assessment of ethical opportunities and challenges associated with electronic patient records (EPR). The framework is intended to support designers, software engineers, health service managers, and end-users to realise a responsible, robust and reliable EPR-enabled healthcare system that delivers safe, quality assured, value conscious care. METHODS Development of the EPR applied ethics framework was preceded by a scoping review which mapped the literature related to the ethics of EPR technology. The underlying assumption behind the framework presented in this manuscript is that ethical values can inform all stages of the EPR-lifecycle from design, through development, implementation, and practical application. RESULTS The framework is divided into two parts: context and core functions. The first part 'context' entails clarifying: the purpose(s) within which the EPR exists or will exist; the interested parties and their relationships; and the regulatory, codes of professional conduct and organisational policy frame of reference. Understanding the context is required before addressing the second part of the framework which focuses on EPR 'core functions' of data collection, data access, and digitally-enabled healthcare. CONCLUSIONS The primary objective of the EPR Applied Ethics Framework is to help identify and create value and benefits rather than to merely prevent risks. It should therefore be used to steer an EPR project to success rather than be seen as a set of inhibitory rules. The framework is adaptable to a wide range of EPR categories and can cater for new and evolving EPR-enabled healthcare priorities. It is therefore an iterative tool that should be revisited as new EPR-related state-of-affairs, capabilities or activities emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jacquemard
- FutureNeuro, the SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI, 123 Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colin P. Doherty
- FutureNeuro, the SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI, 123 Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- St. James’s Hospital, James’s Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, College Green, Ireland
| | - Mary B. Fitzsimons
- FutureNeuro, the SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI, 123 Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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22
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Lensink MA, Boers SN, Jongsma KR, Carter SE, van der Ent CK, Bredenoord AL. Organoids for personalized treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: Professional perspectives on the ethics and governance of organoid biobanking. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:443-451. [PMID: 33303364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoid technology is emerging rapidly as a valuable tool for precision medicine, particularly in the field of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). However, biobank storage and use of patient-derived organoids raises specific ethical and practical challenges that demand sound governance. We examined the perspectives of professionals affiliated with CF or organoids on the ethical aspects of organoid biobanking for CF precision medicine. By conducting this study parallel to the process of innovation and development of organoid biobanking, its findings are valuable for the design of responsible governance frameworks. METHODS To identify relevant themes and attitudes we conducted 21 semi-structured qualitative interviews with professionals in the field of organoid technology, biobanking, or CF research and care. RESULTS We identified three key challenges, as well as the suggestions of professionals on how to address them: (1) The challenges associated with commercial involvement, trust, and ownership, (2) Navigating the blurring boundary between research and clinical care, (3) Appropriate approaches to the informed consent procedure. CONCLUSION Sound governance of organoid biobanks aimed at precision medicine requires coming to terms with the fact that its stakeholders no longer belong to separate domains. Responsible governance should be aimed at finding a sound, context-sensitive balance between integration of ongoing co-operation and mutual consideration of interests, and maintaining a feasible and sustainable research climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lensink
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarah N Boers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin R Jongsma
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarah E Carter
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Molldrem S, Smith AKJ. Reassessing the Ethics of Molecular HIV Surveillance in the Era of Cluster Detection and Response: Toward HIV Data Justice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2020; 20:10-23. [PMID: 32945756 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1806373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, clinical HIV data reported to surveillance systems operated by jurisdictional departments of public health are re-used for epidemiology and prevention. In 2018, all jurisdictions began using HIV genetic sequence data from clinical drug resistance tests to identify people living with HIV in "clusters" of others with genetically similar strains. This is called "molecular HIV surveillance" (MHS). In 2019, "cluster detection and response" (CDR) programs that re-use MHS data became the "fourth pillar" of the national HIV strategy. Public health re-uses of HIV data are done without consent and are a source of concern among stakeholders. This article presents three cases that illuminate bioethical challenges associated with re-uses of clinical HIV data for public health. We focus on evidence-base, risk-benefit ratio, determining directionality of HIV transmission, consent, and ethical re-use. The conclusion offers strategies for "HIV data justice." The essay contributes to a "bioethics of the oppressed."
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Paprica PA, Sutherland E, Smith A, Brudno M, Cartagena RG, Crichlow M, Courtney BK, Loken C, McGrail KM, Ryan A, Schull MJ, Thorogood A, Virtanen C, Yang K. Essential requirements for establishing and operating data trusts: practical guidance co-developed by representatives from fifteen canadian organizations and initiatives. Int J Popul Data Sci 2020; 5:1353. [PMID: 33644412 PMCID: PMC7894384 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v5i1.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasingly, the label "data trust" is being applied to repeatable mechanisms or approaches to sharing data in a timely, fair, safe, and equitable way. However, there is an absence of practical guidance regarding how to establish and operate a data trust. AIM AND APPROACH In December 2019, the Canadian Institute for Health Information and the Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence convened a working meeting of 19 people representing 15 Canadian organizations/initiatives involved in data sharing, most of which focus on public sector health data. The objective was to identify essential requirements for the establishment and operation of data trusts in the Canadian context. Preliminary requirements were discussed during the meeting and then refined as authors contributed to this manuscript. RESULTS Twelve minimum specification requirements ("min specs") for data trusts were identified. The foundational min spec is that data trusts must meet all legal requirements, including legal authority to collect, hold or share data. In addition, there was agreement that data trusts must have (i) an accountable governing body to ensure that the data trust achieves its stated purpose and is transparent, (ii) comprehensive data management including clear processes and qualified individuals responsible for the collection, storage, access, disclosure and use of data, (iii) training and accountability requirements for all data users and (iv) ongoing public and stakeholder engagement. CONCLUSIONS Practical guidance for the establishment and operation of data trusts was articulated in the form of 12 min specs requirements. The 12 min specs are a starting point. Future work to refine and strengthen them with members of the public, companies, and additional research data stakeholders from within and outside of Canada, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Alison Paprica
- University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada
- Vector Institute, Suite 710, 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Health Data Research Network Canada, 01-2206 East Mall, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- ICES, G1 06, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Eric Sutherland
- Canadian Institute for Health Information, Suite 600, 495 Richmond Road, Ottawa, ON, K2A 4H6, Canada
| | - Andrea Smith
- Vector Institute, Suite 710, 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Michael Brudno
- HPC4Health, 686 Bay St. Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- University Health Network, 190 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Computer Science, 214 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Monique Crichlow
- Compute Ontario, Suite 1140, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Brian K. Courtney
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Chris Loken
- Compute Ontario, Suite 1140, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kimberlyn M. McGrail
- Population Data BC, University of British Columbia, 201-2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- UBC Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alex Ryan
- MaRS Discovery District MaRS Centre, South Tower 101 College Street, Suite 100 Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael J. Schull
- Health Data Research Network Canada, 01-2206 East Mall, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- ICES, G1 06, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Adrian Thorogood
- McGill University, Centre of Genomics and Policy, Suite 5200, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Suite 510, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Carl Virtanen
- HPC4Health, 686 Bay St. Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- University Health Network, 190 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Kathleen Yang
- Canadian Institute for Health Information, Suite 600, 495 Richmond Road, Ottawa, ON, K2A 4H6, Canada
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Jacquemard T, Doherty CP, Fitzsimons MB. Examination and diagnosis of electronic patient records and their associated ethics: a scoping literature review. BMC Med Ethics 2020; 21:76. [PMID: 32831076 PMCID: PMC7446190 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-020-00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic patient record (EPR) technology is a key enabler for improvements to healthcare service and management. To ensure these improvements and the means to achieve them are socially and ethically desirable, careful consideration of the ethical implications of EPRs is indicated. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature related to the ethics of EPR technology. The literature review was conducted to catalogue the prevalent ethical terms, to describe the associated ethical challenges and opportunities, and to identify the actors involved. By doing so, it aimed to support the future development of ethics guidance in the EPR domain. Methods To identify journal articles debating the ethics of EPRs, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed academic databases were queried and yielded 123 eligible articles. The following inclusion criteria were applied: articles need to be in the English language; present normative arguments and not solely empirical research; include an abstract for software analysis; and discuss EPR technology. Results The medical specialty, type of information captured and stored in EPRs, their use and functionality varied widely across the included articles. Ethical terms extracted were categorised into clusters ‘privacy’, ‘autonomy’, ‘risk/benefit’, ‘human relationships’, and ‘responsibility’. The literature shows that EPR-related ethical concerns can have both positive and negative implications, and that a wide variety of actors with rights and/or responsibilities regarding the safe and ethical adoption of the technology are involved. Conclusions While there is considerable consensus in the literature regarding EPR-related ethical principles, some of the associated challenges and opportunities remain underdiscussed. For example, much of the debate is presented in a manner more in keeping with a traditional model of healthcare and fails to take account of the multidimensional ensemble of factors at play in the EPR era and the consequent need to redefine/modify ethical norms to align with a digitally-enabled health service. Similarly, the academic discussion focuses predominantly on bioethical values. However, approaches from digital ethics may also be helpful to identify and deliberate about current and emerging EPR-related ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jacquemard
- FutureNeuro, the SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, 123 Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Colin P Doherty
- FutureNeuro, the SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, 123 Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Neurology, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary B Fitzsimons
- FutureNeuro, the SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, 123 Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Rocha VCLG, Pereira DS, Pereira MJ, Silva SLAD. [Validity and consistency of the entries in the Health Care Network's patient records for the use of services by the elderly]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:2103-2112. [PMID: 32520258 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.19682018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to verify the validity and consistency of entries in medical records and self-reporting about the use of the health services by elderly users of the Health Care Network. It involved a cross-sectional, population-based observational study. Entries in medical, dental, home visit, referral to the secondary sector and hospitalization appointment records for the years 2015 and 2016 were evaluated. The concordance percentage, Kappa coefficient, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for each item were also analyzed. The highest concordance percentage (81.93%) with a significant Kappa coefficient (p = 0.03) was for hospitalization. The dentistry appointments revealed a higher Kappa coefficient (k = 0.271) with significance of p=0.01. The analyses showed high specificity in the hospitalization records (83%), and a greater sensitivity for home visits (74%). Positive predictive values were low for hospitalization (8%), and negative predictive values were low for medical appointments (17%). The low concordance between the use of the self-reported health service and entries in medical records highlight one of the possible causes of the fragmentation in continuity of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Carvalho Leite Gama Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências da Motricidade, Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas. Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, Santa Clara. 31270-901, Alfenas, MG, Brasil.
| | - Daniele Sirineu Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências da Motricidade, Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas. Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, Santa Clara. 31270-901, Alfenas, MG, Brasil.
| | - Maria Jaqueline Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências da Motricidade, Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas. Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, Santa Clara. 31270-901, Alfenas, MG, Brasil.
| | - Silvia Lanziotti Azevedo da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Motricidade, Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas. Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, Santa Clara. 31270-901, Alfenas, MG, Brasil.
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Chen C, Lee PI, Pain KJ, Delgado D, Cole CL, Campion TR. Replacing Paper Informed Consent with Electronic Informed Consent for Research in Academic Medical Centers: A Scoping Review. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 2020:80-88. [PMID: 32477626 PMCID: PMC7233043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although experts have identified benefits to replacing paper with electronic consent (eConsent) for research, a comprehensive understanding of strategies to overcome barriers to adoption is unknown. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review of the literature describing eConsent in academic medical centers. Of 69 studies that met inclusion criteria, 81% (n=56) addressed ethical, legal, and social issues; 67% (n=46) described user interface/user experience considerations; 39% (n=27) compared electronic versus paper approaches; 33% (n=23) discussed approaches to enterprise scalability; and 25% (n=17) described changes to consent elections. Findings indicate a lack of a leading commercial eConsent vendor, as articles described a myriad of homegrown systems and extensions of vendor EHR patient portals. Opportunities appear to exist for researchers and commercial software vendors to develop eConsent approaches that address the five critical areas identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Chen
- Information Technologies & Services Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Pou-I Lee
- Department of Healthcare Policy & Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kevin J Pain
- Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Diana Delgado
- Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Curtis L Cole
- Information Technologies & Services Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Healthcare Policy & Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Thomas R Campion
- Information Technologies & Services Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Healthcare Policy & Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Clinical & Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Schneble CO, Elger BS, Shaw DM. All Our Data Will Be Health Data One Day: The Need for Universal Data Protection and Comprehensive Consent. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16879. [PMID: 32463372 PMCID: PMC7290498 DOI: 10.2196/16879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous growth in the types of data that are collected and their interlinkage are enabling more predictions of individuals’ behavior, health status, and diseases. Legislation in many countries treats health-related data as a special sensitive kind of data. Today’s massive linkage of data, however, could transform “nonhealth” data into sensitive health data. In this paper, we argue that the notion of health data should be broadened and should also take into account past and future health data and indirect, inferred, and invisible health data. We also lay out the ethical and legal implications of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Martin Shaw
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Lensink MA, Jongsma KR, Boers SN, Noordhoek JJ, Beekman JM, Bredenoord AL. Responsible use of organoids in precision medicine: the need for active participant involvement. Development 2020; 147:147/7/dev177972. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.177972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Organoids are three-dimensional multicellular structures grown in vitro from stem cells and which recapitulate some organ function. They are derivatives of living tissue that can be stored in biobanks for a multitude of research purposes. Biobank research on organoids derived from patients is highly promising for precision medicine, which aims to target treatment to individual patients. The dominant approach for protecting the interests of biobank participants emphasizes broad consent in combination with privacy protection and ex ante (predictive) ethics review. In this paradigm, participants are positioned as passive donors; however, organoid biobanking for precision medicine purposes raises challenges that we believe cannot be adequately addressed without more ongoing involvement of patient-participants. In this Spotlight, we argue why a shift from passive donation towards more active involvement is particularly crucial for biobank research on organoids aimed at precision medicine, and suggest some approaches appropriate to this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Lensink
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin R. Jongsma
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah N. Boers
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacquelien J. Noordhoek
- Dutch Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (NCFS), Dr. A. Schweitzerweg 3A, 3744 MG Baarn, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M. Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center, Internal post KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelien L. Bredenoord
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Cumyn A, Barton A, Dault R, Cloutier A, Jalbert R, Ethier J. Informed consent within a learning health system: A scoping review. Learn Health Syst 2020; 4:e10206. [PMID: 32313834 PMCID: PMC7156861 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major consideration for the implementation of a learning health system (LHS) is consent from participants to the use of their data for research purposes. The main objective of this paper was to identify in the literature which types of consent have been proposed for participation in research observational activities in a LHS. We were particularly interested in understanding which approaches were seen as most feasible and acceptable and in which context, in order to inform the development of a Quebec-based LHS. METHODS Using a scoping review methodology, we searched scientific and legal databases as well as the gray literature using specific terms. Full-text articles were reviewed independently by two authors on the basis of the following concepts: (a) LHS and (b) approach to consent. The selected papers were imported in NVivo software for analysis in the light of a conceptual framework that distinguishes various, largely independent dimensions of consent. RESULTS A total of 93 publications were analysed for this review. Several studies reach opposing conclusions concerning the best approach to consent within a LHS. However, in the light of the conceptual framework we developed, we found that many of these results are distorted by the conflation between various characteristics of consent. Thus, when these characteristics are distinguished, the results mainly suggest the prime importance of the communication process, by contrast to the scope of consent or the kind of action required by participants (opt-in/opt-out). We identified two models of consent that were especially relevant for our purpose: metaconsent and dynamic consent. CONCLUSIONS Our review shows the importance of distinguishing carefully the various features of the consent process. It also suggests that the metaconsent model is a valuable model within a LHS, as it addresses many of the issues raised with regards to feasibility and acceptability. We propose to complement this model by adding the modalities of the information process to the dimensions relevant in the metaconsent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Cumyn
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santéUniversité de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé (GRIIS), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé/Faculté des sciencesUniversité de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Adrien Barton
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé (GRIIS), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé/Faculté des sciencesUniversité de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique ‐ Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (CNRS‐IRIT)ToulouseFrance
| | - Roxanne Dault
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé (GRIIS), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé/Faculté des sciencesUniversité de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Anne‐Marie Cloutier
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé (GRIIS), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé/Faculté des sciencesUniversité de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Rosalie Jalbert
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé (GRIIS), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé/Faculté des sciencesUniversité de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Jean‐François Ethier
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santéUniversité de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé (GRIIS), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé/Faculté des sciencesUniversité de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
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Canaway R, Boyle DI, Manski-Nankervis JAE, Bell J, Hocking JS, Clarke K, Clark M, Gunn JM, Emery JD. Gathering data for decisions: best practice use of primary care electronic records for research. Med J Aust 2020; 210 Suppl 6:S12-S16. [PMID: 30927466 PMCID: PMC6487848 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In Australia, there is limited use of primary health care data for research and for data linkage between health care settings. This puts Australia behind many developed countries. In addition, without use of primary health care data for research, knowledge about patients’ journeys through the health care system is limited. There is growing momentum to establish “big data” repositories of primary care clinical data to enable data linkage, primary care and population health research, and quality assurance activities. However, little research has been conducted on the general public's and practitioners’ concerns about secondary use of electronic health records in Australia. International studies have identified barriers to use of general practice patient records for research. These include legal, technical, ethical, social and resource‐related issues. Examples include concerns about privacy protection, data security, data custodians and the motives for collecting data, as well as a lack of incentives for general practitioners to share data. Addressing barriers may help define good practices for appropriate use of health data for research. Any model for general practice data sharing for research should be underpinned by transparency and a strong legal, ethical, governance and data security framework. Mechanisms to collect electronic medical records in ethical, secure and privacy‐controlled ways are available. Before the potential benefits of health‐related data research can be realised, Australians should be well informed of the risks and benefits so that the necessary social licence can be generated to support such endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Canaway
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Douglas Ir Boyle
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | - Jessica Bell
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Jane S Hocking
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Ken Clarke
- Networked Society Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Malcolm Clark
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Jane M Gunn
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Jon D Emery
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
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Prictor M, Lewis MA, Newson AJ, Haas M, Baba S, Kim H, Kokado M, Minari J, Molnár-Gábor F, Yamamoto B, Kaye J, Teare HJA. Dynamic Consent: An Evaluation and Reporting Framework. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2019; 15:175-186. [DOI: 10.1177/1556264619887073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic consent (DC) is an approach to consent that enables people, through an interactive digital interface, to make granular decisions about their ongoing participation. This approach has been explored within biomedical research, in fields such as biobanking and genomics, where ongoing contact is required with participants. It is posited that DC can enhance decisional autonomy and improve researcher–participant communication. Currently, there is a lack of evidence about the measurable effects of DC-based tools. This article outlines a framework for DC evaluation and reporting. The article draws upon the evidence for enhanced modes of informed consent for research as the basis for a logic model. It outlines how future evaluations of DC should be designed to maximize their quality, replicability, and relevance based on this framework. Finally, the article considers best-practice for reporting studies that assess DC, to enable future research and implementation to build upon the emerging evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Prictor
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ainsley J. Newson
- Sydney Health Ethics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matilda Haas
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Hannah Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jusaku Minari
- Uehiro Research Division for iPS Cell Ethics, CiRA, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | - Jane Kaye
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet J. A. Teare
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Pervasive internet and sensor technologies promise to revolutionize psychological science. However, the data collected using these technologies are often very personal—indeed, the value of the data is often directly related to how personal they are. At the same time, driven by the replication crisis, there is a sustained push to publish data to open repositories. These movements are in fundamental conflict. In this article, we propose a way to navigate this issue. We argue that there are significant advantages to be gained by ceding the ownership of data to the participants who generate the data. We then provide desiderata for a privacy-preserving platform. In particular, we suggest that researchers should use an interface to perform experiments and run analyses, rather than observing the stimuli themselves. We argue that this method not only improves privacy but will also encourage greater compliance with good research practices than is possible through open repositories.
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Sheehan M, Thompson R, Fistein J, Davies J, Dunn M, Parker M, Savulescu J, Woods K. Authority and the Future of Consent in Population-Level Biomedical Research. Public Health Ethics 2019; 12:225-236. [PMID: 32082417 PMCID: PMC7020771 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-level biomedical research has become crucial to the health system’s ability to improve the health of the population. This form of research raises a number of well-documented ethical concerns, perhaps the most significant of which is the inability of the researcher to obtain fully informed specific consent from participants. Two proposed technical solutions to this problem of consent in large-scale biomedical research that have become increasingly popular are meta-consent and dynamic consent. We critically examine the ethical and practical credentials of these proposals and find them lacking. We suggest that the consent problem is not solved by adopting a technology driven approach grounded in a notion of ‘specific’ consent but by taking seriously the role of research governance in combination with broader conceptions of consent. In our view, these approaches misconstrue the rightful location of authority in the way in which population-level biomedical research activities are structured and organized. We conclude by showing how and why the authority for determining the nature and shape of choice making about participation ought not to lie with individual participants, but rather with the researchers and the research governance process, and that this necessarily leads to the endorsement of a fully articulated broad consent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Thompson
- School of School of Sport & Exercise Science, Swansea University
| | - Jon Fistein
- Inter-Disciplinary Ethics Applied Centre (IDEA), Leeds University
| | | | | | - Michael Parker
- Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Oxford University and Ethox, Oxford University
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Stoeklé HC, Bollet M, Cobat A, Charlier P, Bloch OC, Flatot J, Draghi C, Tolyan V, Hervé C, Desvaux P, Uzan L, Grynberg M, Alcaïs A, Tolédano A, Vogt G. French-style genetics v. 2.0: The "e-CohortE" project. Clin Genet 2019; 96:330-340. [PMID: 31254389 PMCID: PMC6851966 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the digital age, a genetics cohort has become much more than a simple means of determining the cause of a disease. Two‐sided markets, of which 23andMe, Ancestry DNA and MyHeritage are the best known, have showed this perfectly over the last few years: a cohort has become a means of producing massive amounts of data for medical, scientific and commercial exploitation, and for genetic use in particular. French law does not currently allow these foreign private companies to develop on French national territory and also forbids the creation of similar entities in France. However, at least in theory, this same law does not preclude the creation of new types of cohorts in France inspired by the success of two‐sided markets but retaining features specific to the French healthcare management system. We propose an optimal solution for France, for genomic studies associated with multi‐subject questionnaires, still purely theoretical for the moment: the development, with no need for any change in the law, of France's own version of “Genetics v.2.0”: “e‐CohortE.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Corto Stoeklé
- Neglected Human Genetics Laboratory, CEA, Evry, France.,Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France.,Institut Sapiens, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bollet
- Institut Rafaël, Maison de l'après cancer, Levallois-Perret, France.,Institut de Radiothérapie et de Radiochirurgie, H Hartmann, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Branch, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Charlier
- Département de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement, Musée du Quai Branly - Jacques Chirac, Paris, France.,UVSQ (Laboratoire DANTE - EA 4498), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Oudy Ch Bloch
- Institut Rafaël, Maison de l'après cancer, Levallois-Perret, France.,Attorney, Paris, France
| | | | - Clément Draghi
- Institut Rafaël, Maison de l'après cancer, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Valérie Tolyan
- Institut Rafaël, Maison de l'après cancer, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Christian Hervé
- International Academy of Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Desvaux
- Department of Urology, Cochin hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Michaël Grynberg
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction & Préservation de la Fertilité, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Alexandre Alcaïs
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Branch, Paris, France.,French National Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Tolédano
- Institut Rafaël, Maison de l'après cancer, Levallois-Perret, France.,Institut de Radiothérapie et de Radiochirurgie, H Hartmann, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Guillaume Vogt
- Neglected Human Genetics Laboratory, CEA, Evry, France.,Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France.,Institut Sapiens, Paris, France.,Neglected Human Genetics Laboratory, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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36
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Harris JM, Brierley RC, Pufulete M, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Stokes EA, Greenwood JP, Dorman SH, Anderson RA, Rogers CA, Wordsworth S, Berry S, Reeves BC. A national registry to assess the value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging after primary percutaneous coronary intervention pathway activation: a feasibility cohort study. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr07240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly used in patients who activate the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway to assess heart function. It is uncertain whether having CMR influences patient management or the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in these patients.
Objective
To determine whether or not it is feasible to set up a national registry, linking routinely collected data from hospital information systems (HISs), to investigate the role of CMR in patients who activate the PPCI pathway.
Design
A feasibility prospective cohort study.
Setting
Four 24/7 PPCI hospitals in England and Wales (two with and two without a dedicated CMR facility).
Participants
Patients who activated the PPCI pathway and underwent an emergency coronary angiogram.
Interventions
CMR either performed or not performed within 10 weeks of the index event.
Main outcome measures
A. Feasibility parameters – (1) patient consent implemented at all hospitals, (2) data extracted from more than one HIS and successfully linked for > 90% of consented patients at all four hospitals, (3) HIS data successfully linked with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and Patient Episode Database Wales (PEDW) for > 90% of consented patients at all four hospitals and (4) CMR requested and carried out for ≥ 10% of patients activating the PPCI pathway in CMR hospitals. B. Key drivers of cost-effectiveness for CMR (identified from simple cost-effectiveness models) in patients with (1) multivessel disease and (2) unobstructed coronary arteries. C. A change in clinical management arising from having CMR (defined using formal consensus and identified using HES follow-up data in the 12 months after the index event).
Results
A. (1) Consent was implemented (for all hospitals, consent rates were 59–74%) and 1670 participants were recruited. (2) Data submission was variable – clinical data available for ≥ 82% of patients across all hospitals, biochemistry and echocardiography (ECHO) data available for ≥ 98%, 34% and 87% of patients in three hospitals and medications data available for 97% of patients in one hospital. (3) HIS data were linked with hospital episode data for 99% of all consented patients. (4) At the two CMR hospitals, 14% and 20% of patients received CMR. B. In both (1) multivessel disease and (2) unobstructed coronary arteries, the difference in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) between CMR and no CMR [‘current’ comparator, stress ECHO and standard ECHO, respectively] was very small [0.0012, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.0076 to 0.0093 and 0.0005, 95% CI –0.0050 to 0.0077, respectively]. The diagnostic accuracy of the ischaemia tests was the key driver of cost-effectiveness in sensitivity analyses for both patient subgroups. C. There was consensus that CMR leads to clinically important changes in management in five patient subgroups. Some changes in management were successfully identified in hospital episode data (e.g. new diagnoses/procedures, frequency of outpatient episodes related to cardiac events), others were not (e.g. changes in medications, new diagnostic tests).
Conclusions
A national registry is not currently feasible. Patients were consented successfully but conventional consent could not be implemented nationally. Linking HIS and hospital episode data was feasible but HIS data were not uniformly available. It is feasible to identify some, but not all, changes in management in the five patient subgroups using hospital episode data. The delay in obtaining hospital episode data influenced the relevance of some of our study objectives.
Future work
To test the feasibility of conducting the study using national data sets (e.g. HES, British Cardiovascular Intervention Society audit database, Diagnostic Imaging Dataset, Clinical Practice Research Datalink).
Funding
The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme. This study was designed and delivered in collaboration with the Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration-registered clinical trials unit that, as part of the Bristol Trials Centre, is in receipt of NIHR clinical trials unit support funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Harris
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Bristol Trials Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel C Brierley
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Bristol Trials Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Pufulete
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Bristol Trials Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Cardiovascular Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Stokes
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John P Greenwood
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen H Dorman
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Cardiovascular Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Chris A Rogers
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Bristol Trials Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Wordsworth
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sunita Berry
- NHS England, South West Clinical Networks and Senate, Bristol, UK
| | - Barnaby C Reeves
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Bristol Trials Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Abdul Aziz MF, Mohd Yusof AN. Can dynamic consent facilitate the protection of biomedical big data in biobanking in Malaysia? Asian Bioeth Rev 2019; 11:209-222. [PMID: 33717312 PMCID: PMC7747242 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-019-00086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As with many other countries, Malaysia is also developing and promoting biomedical research to increase the understanding of human diseases and possible interventions. To facilitate this development, there is a significant growth of biobanks in the country to ensure continuous collection of biological samples for future research, which contain extremely important personal information and health data of the participants involved. Given the vast amount of samples and data accumulated by biobanks, they can be considered as reservoirs of precious biomedical big data. It is therefore imperative for biobanks to have in place regulatory measures to ensure ethical use of the biomedical big data. Malaysia has yet to introduce specific legislation for the field of biobanking. However, it can be argued that its existing Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA) has laid down legal principles that can be enforced to protect biomedical big data generated by the biobanks. Consent is a mechanism to enable data subjects to exercise their autonomy by determining how their data can be used and ensure compliance with legal principles. However, there are two main concerns surrounding the current practice of consent in biomedical big data in Malaysia. First, it is uncertain that the current practice would be able to respect the underlying notion of autonomy, and second, it is not in accordance with the legal principles of the PDPA. Scholars have deliberated on different strategies of informed consent, and a more interactive approach has recently been introduced: dynamic consent. It is argued that a dynamic consent approach would be able to address these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Firdaus Abdul Aziz
- Centre for Law and Ethics in Science and Technology (CELEST), Faculty of Law, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aimi Nadia Mohd Yusof
- Medical Ethics and Law Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
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Crowhurst N, Bergin M, Wells J. Implications for nursing and healthcare research of the general data protection regulation and retrospective reviews of patients' data. Nurse Res 2019; 27:45-49. [PMID: 31468836 DOI: 10.7748/nr.2019.e1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Union's general data protection regulation (GDPR) came into effect in May 2018. It is intended to prevent the unwanted sharing of private data and it has significant implications for healthcare research. A well-established research methodology that GDPR is likely to affect is the retrospective reviewing of patients' data. This has been used widely in healthcare research and commonly involves examining patients' medical records. AIM To examine GDPR and its potential effects on the use of patients' data in healthcare research. DISCUSSION Previous misuse of patients' data has affected public confidence in healthcare research. GDPR is intended to improve the public's confidence in the handling of their data, but it may negatively impact healthcare research. Researchers who want to review patients' data will need to consider consent issues carefully. GDPR does include exceptions to the rules of consent, but there is uncertainty about this process. CONCLUSION If GDPR results in stricter requirements to achieve patients' consent in research, the validity of some studies may be affected. Nurse researchers and organisations may need to consider innovative ways of engaging patients in research. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Research using patients' data has played an important role in shaping nursing and healthcare policy and practice. Imminent Europe-wide changes prompted by GDPR could affect how patients' data are used in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Crowhurst
- School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - John Wells
- Health sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Satinsky EN, Driessens C, Crepaz-Keay D, Kousoulis A. Mental health service users' perceptions of data sharing and data protection: a qualitative report. JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN HEALTH INFORMATICS 2018; 25:239-242. [PMID: 30672404 DOI: 10.14236/jhi.v25i4.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve health services, social, economic and health data should be shared and linked to create a full narrative of lived experience. Mental health data sharing is often considered a particularly sensitive area. OBJECTIVE To assess mental health service users' perceptions regarding the current practice of administrative data-driven research. METHOD We conducted a focus group using case study scenarios. Themes and subthemes were analysed using qualitative methods. RESULTS Participants were generally happy for data owners to share their health, social and economic data if the purpose was transparent and if the information would inform and improve health policy and practice. Participants were less keen on sharing data through digital applications. CONCLUSION This case study informs a data linkage study protocol. Research teams and database owners should strive to educate service users on data protection and create dissent opportunities.
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Alaqra AS, Fischer-Hübner S, Framner E. Enhancing Privacy Controls for Patients via a Selective Authentic Electronic Health Record Exchange Service: Qualitative Study of Perspectives by Medical Professionals and Patients. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e10954. [PMID: 30578189 PMCID: PMC6322916 DOI: 10.2196/10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' privacy is regarded as essential for the patient-doctor relationship. One example of a privacy-enhancing technology for user-controlled data minimization on content level is a redactable signature. It enables users to redact personal information from signed documents while preserving the validity of the signature, and thus the authenticity of the document. In this study, we present end users' evaluations of a Cloud-based selective authentic electronic health record (EHR) exchange service (SAE-service) in an electronic health use case. In the use case scenario, patients were given control to redact specified information fields in their EHR, which were signed by their doctors with a redactable signature and transferred to them into a Cloud platform. They can then selectively disclose the remaining information in the EHR, which still bears the valid digital signature, to third parties of their choice. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the perceptions, attitudes, and mental models concerning the SAE-service of 2 user roles: signers (medical professionals) and redactors (patients with different technical knowledge) in Germany and Sweden. Another objective was to elicit usability requirements for this service based on the analysis of our investigation. METHODS We chose empirical qualitative methods to address our research objective. Designs of mock-ups for the service were used as part of our user-centered design approach in our studies with test participants from Germany and Sweden. A total of 13 individual walk-throughs or interviews were conducted with medical staff to investigate the EHR signers' perspectives. Moreover, 5 group walk-throughs in focus groups sessions with (N=32) prospective patients with different technical knowledge to investigate redactor's perspective of EHR data redaction control were used. RESULTS We found that our study participants had correct mental models with regard to the redaction process. Users with some technical models lacked trust in the validity of the doctor's signature on the redacted documents. Main results to be considered are the requirements concerning the accountability of the patients' redactions and the design of redaction templates for guidance and control. CONCLUSIONS For the SAE-service to be means for enhancing patient control and privacy, the diverse usability and trust factors of different user groups should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Sarah Alaqra
- Privacy and Security Research Group, Department of Computer Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Simone Fischer-Hübner
- Privacy and Security Research Group, Department of Computer Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Erik Framner
- Department of Information Systems, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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Pang PCI, Chang S, Verspoor K, Clavisi O. The Use of Web-Based Technologies in Health Research Participation: Qualitative Study of Consumer and Researcher Experiences. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e12094. [PMID: 30377139 PMCID: PMC6234342 DOI: 10.2196/12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health consumers are often targeted for their involvement in health research including randomized controlled trials, focus groups, interviews, and surveys. However, as reported by many studies, recruitment and engagement of consumers in academic research remains challenging. In addition, there is scarce literature describing what consumers look for and want to achieve by participating in research. OBJECTIVE Understanding and responding to the needs of consumers is crucial to the success of health research projects. In this study, we aim to understand consumers' needs and investigate the opportunities for addressing these needs with Web-based technologies, particularly in the use of Web-based research registers and social networking sites (SNSs). METHODS We undertook a qualitative approach, interviewing both consumer and medical researchers in this study. With the help from an Australian-based organization supporting people with musculoskeletal conditions, we successfully interviewed 23 consumers and 10 researchers. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed with thematic analysis methodology. Data collection was stopped after the data themes reached saturation. RESULTS We found that consumers perceive research as a learning opportunity and, therefore, expect high research transparency and regular updates. They also consider the sources of the information about research projects, the trust between consumers and researchers, and the mobility of consumers before participating in any research. Researchers need to be aware of such needs when designing a campaign for recruitment for their studies. On the other hand, researchers have attempted to establish a rapport with consumer participants, design research for consumers' needs, and use technologies to reach out to consumers. A systematic approach to integrating a variety of technologies is needed. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the feedback from both consumers and researchers, we propose 3 future directions to use Web-based technologies for addressing consumers' needs and engaging with consumers in health research: (1) researchers can make use of consumer registers and Web-based research portals, (2) SNSs and new media should be frequently used as an aid, and (3) new technologies should be adopted to remotely collect data and reduce administrative work for obtaining consumers' consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shanton Chang
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Karin Verspoor
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ornella Clavisi
- Musculoskeletal Australia, Elsternwick, Australia.,Australian and New Zealand Musculoskeletal Trials Network, Melbourne, Australia
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Prictor M, Teare HJA, Kaye J. Equitable Participation in Biobanks: The Risks and Benefits of a "Dynamic Consent" Approach. Front Public Health 2018; 6:253. [PMID: 30234093 PMCID: PMC6133951 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Participation in biobanks tends to favor certain groups—white, middle-class, more highly-educated—often to the exclusion of others, such as indigenous people, the socially-disadvantaged and the culturally and linguistically diverse. Barriers to participation, which include age, location, cultural sensitivities around human tissue, and issues of literacy and language, can influence the diversity of samples found in biobanks. This has implications for the generalizability of research findings from biobanks being able to be translated into the clinic. Dynamic Consent, which is a digital decision-support tool, could improve participants' recruitment to, and engagement with, biobanks over time and help to overcome some of the barriers to participation. However, there are also risks that it may deepen the “digital divide” by favoring those with knowledge and access to digital technologies, with the potential to decrease participant engagement in research. When applying a Dynamic Consent approach in biobanking, researchers should give particular attention to adaptations that can improve participant inclusivity, and evaluate the tool empirically, with a focus on equity-relevant outcome measures. This may help biobanks to fulfill their promise of enabling translational research that is relevant to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Prictor
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Harriet J A Teare
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Kaye
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lea NC, Nicholls J, Fitzpatrick NK. Between Scylla and Charybdis: Charting the Wicked Problem of Reusing Health Data for Clinical Research Informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2018; 27:170-176. [PMID: 30157520 PMCID: PMC6115213 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recognising dilemmas posed by the sharing and reuse of health data as a classic wicked problem and uncover some current key challenges to clinical research informatics. METHODS A modified thematic review process including identification of agreed critical research questions, appropriate query terms and search strategy, identification of relevant papers in accordance with inclusion criteria, and authors' co-review of full text papers. RESULTS Queries returned 4,779 papers published between January 2014 and November 2017. A shortlist of 197 abstracts was analysed and 18 papers were finally selected for review. Thematic assessment of findings revealed four key challenges: (1) uncertain reliability of consent as a cornerstone of trust due to the limits to understanding and awareness of data sharing; (2) ethical challenges around equity and autonomy; (3) ambitious overly theoretical governance frameworks lacking practical validity; and (4) a clear desire for further public and individual engagement to achieve clearer and more nuanced knowledge dissemination around data sharing practice and governance frameworks. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the wicked problem of reusing clinically acquired health data for research purposes is essential if clinical research is to benefit from informatics advances. A lack of understanding around the context of data acquisition and sharing undermines the foundations of patient-professional trust. Efforts to protect privacy, where tailoring to specific contexts is a key driver, should support the development of solutions which more adequately honour privacy needs, justify access, and protect equity and autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Lea
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, England
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Borry P, Bentzen HB, Budin-Ljøsne I, Cornel MC, Howard HC, Feeney O, Jackson L, Mascalzoni D, Mendes Á, Peterlin B, Riso B, Shabani M, Skirton H, Sterckx S, Vears D, Wjst M, Felzmann H. The challenges of the expanded availability of genomic information: an agenda-setting paper. J Community Genet 2018; 9:103-116. [PMID: 28952070 PMCID: PMC5849701 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in microarray and sequencing technologies are making genotyping and genome sequencing more affordable and readily available. There is an expectation that genomic sequencing technologies improve personalized diagnosis and personalized drug therapy. Concurrently, provision of direct-to-consumer genetic testing by commercial providers has enabled individuals' direct access to their genomic data. The expanded availability of genomic data is perceived as influencing the relationship between the various parties involved including healthcare professionals, researchers, patients, individuals, families, industry, and government. This results in a need to revisit their roles and responsibilities. In a 1-day agenda-setting meeting organized by the COST Action IS1303 "Citizen's Health through public-private Initiatives: Public health, Market and Ethical perspectives," participants discussed the main challenges associated with the expanded availability of genomic information, with a specific focus on public-private partnerships, and provided an outline from which to discuss in detail the identified challenges. This paper summarizes the points raised at this meeting in five main parts and highlights the key cross-cutting themes. In light of the increasing availability of genomic information, it is expected that this paper will provide timely direction for future research and policy making in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Borry
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Institute for Human Genomics and Society, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Heidi Beate Bentzen
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Budin-Ljøsne
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
- Cohort Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martina C Cornel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Community Genetics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Carmen Howard
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oliver Feeney
- Centre of Bioethical Research and Analysis (COBRA), National University of Ireland (Galway), Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Leigh Jackson
- RILD Building, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Deborah Mascalzoni
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Álvaro Mendes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC-UnIGENe and Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigida Riso
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIES-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mahsa Shabani
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Institute for Human Genomics and Society, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heather Skirton
- Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sigrid Sterckx
- Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danya Vears
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Institute for Human Genomics and Society, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Wjst
- Helmholtz Center Munich, National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Felzmann
- Centre of Bioethical Research and Analysis (COBRA), National University of Ireland (Galway), Galway, Republic of Ireland
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Tully MP, Bozentko K, Clement S, Hunn A, Hassan L, Norris R, Oswald M, Peek N. Investigating the Extent to Which Patients Should Control Access to Patient Records for Research: A Deliberative Process Using Citizens' Juries. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e112. [PMID: 29592847 PMCID: PMC5895919 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secondary use of health data for research raises complex questions of privacy and governance. Such questions are ill-suited to opinion polling where citizens must choose quickly between multiple-choice answers based on little information. OBJECTIVE The aim of this project was to extend knowledge about what control informed citizens would seek over the use of health records for research after participating in a deliberative process using citizens' juries. METHODS Two 3-day citizens' juries, of 17 citizens each, were convened to reflect UK national demographics from 355 eligible applicants. Each jury addressed the mission "To what extent should patients control access to patient records for secondary use?" Jurors heard from and questioned 5 expert witnesses (chosen either to inform the jury, or to argue for and against the secondary use of data), interspersed with structured opportunities to deliberate among themselves, including discussion and role-play. Jurors voted on a series of questions associated with the jury mission, giving their rationale. Individual views were polled using questionnaires at the beginning and at end of the process. RESULTS At the end of the process, 33 out of 34 jurors voted in support of the secondary use of data for research, with 24 wanting individuals to be able to opt out, 6 favoring opt in, and 3 voting that all records should be available without any consent process. When considering who should get access to data, both juries had very similar rationales. Both thought that public benefit was a key justification for access. Jury 1 was more strongly supportive of sharing patient records for public benefit, whereas jury 2 was more cautious and sought to give patients more control. Many jurors changed their opinion about who should get access to health records: 17 people became more willing to support wider information sharing of health data for public benefit, whereas 2 moved toward more patient control over patient records. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that, when informed of both risks and opportunities associated with data sharing, citizens believe an individual's right to privacy should not prevent research that can benefit the general public. The juries also concluded that patients should be notified of any such scheme and have the right to opt out if they so choose. Many jurors changed their minds about this complex policy question when they became more informed. Many, but not all, jurors became less skeptical about health data sharing, as they became better informed of its benefits and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Tully
- Health E-Research Centre, Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Clement
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Hunn
- Health Research Authority, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lamiece Hassan
- Health E-Research Centre, Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Norris
- Health E-Research Centre, Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Oswald
- School of Law, Faculty of Humanities, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Citizens Juries Community Interest Company, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Peek
- Health E-Research Centre, Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Brierley RC, Pufulete M, Harris J, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Greenwood JP, Dorman S, Anderson R, Rogers CA, Reeves BC. Developing a UK registry to investigate the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients who activate the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway: a multicentre, feasibility study linking routinely collected electronic patient data. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018987. [PMID: 29500206 PMCID: PMC5855336 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether it is feasible to set up a national registry, linking routinely collected data from hospital information systems (HIS), to investigate the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients who activate the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway. DESIGN Feasibility prospective cohort study, to establish whether: (1) consent can be implemented; (2) data linkage and extraction from multiple HIS can be achieved for >90% of consented patients; (3) local data can be successfully linked with hospital episode data (Hospital Episode Statistics, HES; Patient Episode Database for Wales, PEDW) for >90% of consented patients and (4) the proportion of patients activating the PPCI pathway who get a CMR scan is ≥10% in hospitals with dedicated CMR facilities. PARTICIPANTS Patients from four 24/7 PPCI hospitals in England and Wales (two with and two without a dedicated CMR facility) who activated the PPCI pathway and underwent an emergency coronary angiogram. RESULTS Consent was successfully implemented at all hospitals (consent rates ranged from 59% to 74%) and 1670 participants were recruited. Data submission was variable: all hospitals submitted clinical data (for ≥82% of patients); only three hospitals submitted biochemistry data (for ≥98% of patients) and echocardiography data (for 34%-87% of patients); only one hospital submitted medications data (for 97% of patients). At the two CMR centres, 14% and 20% of patients received a CMR scan. Data submitted by hospitals were linked with HES and PEDW for 99% of all consented patients. CONCLUSION We successfully consented patients but obtaining individual, opt-in consent would not be feasible for a national registry. Linkage of data from HIS with hospital episode data was feasible. However, data from HIS are not uniformly available/exportable and, in centres with a dedicated CMR facility, some referrals for CMR were for research rather than clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Brierley
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Pufulete
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Harris
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John P Greenwood
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen Dorman
- NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Anderson
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris A Rogers
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Barnaby C Reeves
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Stoeklé HC, Mamzer-Bruneel MF, Frouart CH, Le Tourneau C, Laurent-Puig P, Vogt G, Hervé C. Molecular Tumor Boards: Ethical Issues in the New Era of Data Medicine. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2018; 24:307-322. [PMID: 28281147 PMCID: PMC5799317 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-017-9880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The practice and development of modern medicine requires large amounts of data, particularly in the domain of cancer. The future of personalized medicine lies neither with "genomic medicine" nor with "precision medicine", but with "data medicine" (DM) (big data, data mining). The establishment of this DM has required far-reaching changes, to establish four essential elements connecting patients and doctors: biobanks, databases, bioinformatic platforms and genomic platforms. The "transformation" of scientific research areas, such as genetics, bioinformatics and biostatistics, into clinical specialties has generated a new vision of care. Molecular tumor boards (MTB) are one response to these changes and are now providing better access to next-generation sequencing (NGS) and new cancer treatments to patients with inoperable or metastatic cancers, and those for whom the usual treatment has failed. However, MTB face a crucial ethical challenge: maintaining and improving the trust of patients, clinicians, researchers and industry in academic medical centers supported by private or public funding rather than providing genetic data directly to private companies. We believe that, in this era of DM, appropriate modern digital communication networks will be required to maintain this trust and to improve the organization and effectiveness of the system. There is, therefore, a need to reconsider the form and content of informed consent (IC) documents at all academic medical centers and to introduce dynamic and electronic informed consent (e-IC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Corto Stoeklé
- Medical Ethics and Legal Medicine Laboratory EA4569, Paris Descartes University, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Cancer Research for Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris Descartes, APHP (HEGP, Cochin, Necker) INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Marie-France Mamzer-Bruneel
- Medical Ethics and Legal Medicine Laboratory EA4569, Paris Descartes University, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Cancer Research for Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris Descartes, APHP (HEGP, Cochin, Necker) INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Henry Frouart
- Medical Ethics and Legal Medicine Laboratory EA4569, Paris Descartes University, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, Saint-Cloud, France
- EA7285, Versailles University, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Cancer Research for Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris Descartes, APHP (HEGP, Cochin, Necker) INSERM, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR-S1147, Paris Descartes University, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vogt
- Medical Ethics and Legal Medicine Laboratory EA4569, Paris Descartes University, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Neglected Human Genetics, Centre National de Genotypage (CNG–CEA), Evry, France
| | - Christian Hervé
- Medical Ethics and Legal Medicine Laboratory EA4569, Paris Descartes University, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Cancer Research for Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris Descartes, APHP (HEGP, Cochin, Necker) INSERM, Paris, France
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Parra-Calderón CL, Kaye J, Moreno-Conde A, Teare H, Nuñez-Benjumea F. Desiderata for digital consent in genomic research. J Community Genet 2018; 9:191-194. [PMID: 29363051 PMCID: PMC5849705 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the characterization of a Digital Consent (DC) System to support current ethical-legal issues associated with challenges posed by informed consent for genomic research. A potential solution to support ongoing interaction with patients and allow control over how their data and samples are being used in genomic research can be Digital Consent based. But there are other challenges that need to be addressed, such as incidental findings when analyzing the results of genomic tests (not expected). This paper addresses security and privacy recommendations for the development of precision medicine, and the interoperability references of Health Information Standardization Organizations such as HL7 and IHE, as well as recent research in the field of ethics in Genomic Medicine. As a result of this work, ten key features that need to be further explored have been identified in order to support the realization of DC in Genomic Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Luis Parra-Calderón
- Group of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Informatics, Biomedical Engineering and Health Economy, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS / Virgen del Rocío University Hospital / CSIC / University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Jane Kaye
- HeLEX Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alberto Moreno-Conde
- Group of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Informatics, Biomedical Engineering and Health Economy, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS / Virgen del Rocío University Hospital / CSIC / University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Harriet Teare
- HeLEX Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francisco Nuñez-Benjumea
- Group of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Informatics, Biomedical Engineering and Health Economy, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS / Virgen del Rocío University Hospital / CSIC / University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain
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Exploring the Notion of Context in Medical Data. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28971415 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57348-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Scientific and technological knowledge and skills are becoming crucial for most data analysis activities. Two rather distinct, but at the same time collaborating, domains are the ones of computer science and medicine; the former offers significant aid towards a more efficient understanding of the latter's research trends. Still, the process of meaningfully analyzing and understanding medical information and data is a tedious one, bound to several challenges. One of them is the efficient utilization of contextual information in the process leading to optimized, context-aware data analysis results. Nowadays, researchers are provided with tools and opportunities to analytically study medical data, but at the same time significant and rather complex computational challenges are yet to be tackled, among others due to the humanistic nature and increased rate of new content and information production imposed by related hardware and applications. So, the ultimate goal of this position paper is to provide interested parties an overview of major contextual information types to be identified within the medical data processing framework.
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Abdelhamid M, Gaia J, Sanders GL. Putting the Focus Back on the Patient: How Privacy Concerns Affect Personal Health Information Sharing Intentions. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e169. [PMID: 28903895 PMCID: PMC5617905 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care providers are driven by greater participation and systemic cost savings irrespective of benefits to individual patients derived from sharing Personal Health Information (PHI). Protecting PHI is a critical issue in the sharing of health care information systems; yet, there is very little literature examining the topic of sharing PHI electronically. A good overview of the regulatory, privacy, and societal barriers to sharing PHI can be found in the 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act. Objective This study investigated the factors that influence individuals’ intentions to share their PHI electronically with health care providers, creating an understanding of how we can represent a patient’s interests more accurately in sharing settings, instead of treating patients like predetermined subjects. Unlike privacy concern and trust, patient activation is a stable trait that is not subject to change in the short term and, thus, is a useful factor in predicting sharing behavior. We apply the extended privacy model in the health information sharing context and adapt this model to include patient activation and issue involvement to predict individuals’ intentions. Methods This was a survey-based study with 1600+ participants using the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data to validate a model through various statistical techniques. The research method included an assessment of both the measurement and structural models with post hoc analysis. Results We find that privacy concern has the most influence on individuals’ intentions to share. Patient activation, issue involvement, and patient-physician relationship are significant predictors of sharing intention. We contribute to theory by introducing patient activation and issue involvement as proxies for personal interest factors in the health care context. Conclusions Overall, this study found that although patients are open to sharing their PHI, they still have concerns over the privacy of their PHI during the sharing process. It is paramount to address this factor to increase information flow and identify how patients can assure that their privacy is protected. The outcome of this study is a set of recommendations for motivating the sharing of PHI. The goal of this research is to increase the health profile of the patients by integrating the testing and diagnoses of various doctors across health care providers and, thus, bring patients closer to the physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelhamid
- College of Business Administration, Department of Information Systems, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Joana Gaia
- Management Science and Systems, School of Management, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - G Lawrence Sanders
- Management Science and Systems, School of Management, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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