1
|
Bui TPN. The Human Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:2322. [PMID: 39064765 PMCID: PMC11280041 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome functions as a separate organ in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Disruption of this host-microbe symbiosis can lead to serious health problems. Modifications to the composition and function of the microbiome have been linked to changes in host metabolic outcomes. Industrial lifestyles with high consumption of processed foods, alcoholic beverages and antibiotic use have significantly altered the gut microbiome in unfavorable ways. Therefore, understanding the causal relationship between the human microbiome and host metabolism will provide important insights into how we can better intervene in metabolic health. In this review, I will discuss the potential use of the human microbiome as a therapeutic target to improve host metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Nam Bui
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of dietary advanced glycation end products on inflammation and cardiovascular risks in healthy overweight adults: a randomised crossover trial. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646140 PMCID: PMC5482825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets high in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are thought to be detrimental to cardiovascular health. However, there remains uncertainty about the beneficial effect of a low AGE diet on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers in overweight individuals. We thus performed a randomised, double blind, crossover trial to determine whether consumption of low AGE diets reduce inflammation and cardiovascular risks in overweight and obese otherwise healthy adults. All participants (n = 20) consumed low and high AGE diets alternately for two weeks and separated by a four week washout period. Low AGE diets did not change systolic (p = 0.2) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.3), mean arterial pressure (p = 0.8) and pulse pressure (p = 0.2) compared to high AGE diets. Change in total cholesterol (p = 0.3), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.7), high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.2), and triglycerides (p = 0.4) also did not differ and there was no difference in inflammatory markers: interleukin-6 (p = 0.6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p = 0.9), tumour necrosis factor α (p = 0.2), C-reactive protein (p = 0.6) and nuclear factor kappa beta (p = 0.2). These findings indicate that consumption of low AGE diets for two weeks did not improve the inflammatory and cardiovascular profiles of overweight and obese adults.
Collapse
|
3
|
de Vos LC, Lefrandt JD, Dullaart RP, Zeebregts CJ, Smit AJ. Advanced glycation end products: An emerging biomarker for adverse outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:291-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
de Courten B, de Courten MP, Soldatos G, Dougherty SL, Straznicky N, Schlaich M, Sourris KC, Chand V, Scheijen JL, Kingwell BA, Cooper ME, Schalkwijk CG, Walker KZ, Forbes JM. Diet low in advanced glycation end products increases insulin sensitivity in healthy overweight individuals: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1426-33. [PMID: 27030534 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.125427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has increased because of modern food processing and has been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes in rodents. OBJECTIVE We determined whether changing dietary AGE intake could modulate insulin sensitivity and secretion in healthy, overweight individuals. DESIGN We performed a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of diets in 20 participants [6 women and 14 men; mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 29.8 ± 3.7]. Isoenergetic- and macronutrient-matched diets that were high or low in AGE content were alternately consumed for 2 wk and separated by a 4-wk washout period. At the beginning and end of each dietary period, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and an intravenous glucose tolerance test were performed. Dietary, plasma and urinary AGEs N(€)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), N(€)-(carboxyethyl)lysin (CEL), and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimadazolidine (MG-H1) were measured with the use of mass spectrometry. RESULTS Participants consumed less CML, CEL, and MG-H1 during the low-AGE dietary period than during the high-AGE period (all P < 0.05), which was confirmed by changes in urinary AGE excretion. There was an overall difference in insulin sensitivity of -2.1 mg · kg(-1) · min(-1) between diets (P = 0.001). Insulin sensitivity increased by 1.3 mg · kg(-1) · min(-1) after the low-AGE diet (P = 0.004), whereas it showed a tendency to decrease by 0.8 mg · kg(-1) · min(-1) after the high-AGE diet (P = 0.086). There was no difference in body weight or insulin secretion between diets (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS A diet that is low in AGEs may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity. Hence, a restriction in dietary AGE content may be an effective strategy to decrease diabetes and cardiovascular disease risks in overweight individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00422253.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia;
| | - Maximilian Pj de Courten
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georgia Soldatos
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nora Straznicky
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karly C Sourris
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vibhasha Chand
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean Ljm Scheijen
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Experimental Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Mark E Cooper
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Experimental Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Karen Z Walker
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, ITranslational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; and Mater Clinical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adams JN, Martelle SE, Raffield LM, Freedman BI, Langefeld CD, Hsu FC, Maldjian JA, Williamson JD, Hugenschmidt CE, Carr JJ, Cox AJ, Bowden DW. Analysis of advanced glycation end products in the DHS Mind Study. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:262-8. [PMID: 26739237 PMCID: PMC4761276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human studies of links between advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and disease phenotypes are less common than studies of animal and cell models. Here, we examined the association of total AGEs with diabetes risk factors in a predominately type 2 diabetes (T2D) affected cohort. METHODS AGEs were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay in 816 individuals from the DHS Mind Study (n=709 T2D affected), and association analyses were completed. RESULTS Total AGEs were associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (p=0.0054; β=-0.1291) and coronary artery calcification (p=0.0352; β=1.1489) in the entire cohort. No significant associations were observed when individuals with T2D were analyzed separately. In individuals without T2D, increased circulating AGEs were associated with increased BMI (p=0.02, β=0.138), low density lipoproteins (p=0.046, β=17.07) and triglycerides (p=0.0004, β=0.125), and decreased carotid artery calcification (p=0.0004, β=-1.2632) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p=0.0018, β=-0.1405). Strong trends were also observed for an association between AGEs and poorer cognitive performance on the digit symbol substitution test (p=0.046, β=-6.64) and decreased grey matter volume (p=0.037, β=-14.87). CONCLUSIONS AGEs may play an important role in a number of phenotypes and diseases, although not necessarily in interindividual variation in people with T2D. Further evaluation of specific AGE molecules may shed more light on these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy N Adams
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA
| | - Susan E Martelle
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A Maldjian
- Radiologic Sciences and Advanced NeuroScience Imaging (ANSIR) Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christina E Hugenschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Jeffery Carr
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amanda J Cox
- Molecular Basis of Disease, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston - Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|