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Wong SA, Drovandi A, Jones R, Golledge J. Effect of Dietary Supplements Which Upregulate Nitric Oxide on Walking and Quality of Life in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1859. [PMID: 37509499 PMCID: PMC10376856 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review pooled evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of dietary upregulators of nitric oxide (NO) in improving the walking and quality of life of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). RCTs examining the effect of dietary upregulators of NO in patients with PAD were included. The primary outcome was the maximum walking distance. Secondary outcomes were the initial claudication distance, the six-minute walking distance, quality of life, the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI), adverse events and risk of mortality, revascularisation or amputation. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's ROB-2 tool. Leave-one-out and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effect of individual studies, the risk of bias and intervention type on pooled estimates. Thirty-four RCTs involving 3472 participants were included. Seven trials tested NO donors, nineteen tested antioxidants, three tested NO synthase inducers and five tested enhancers of NO availability. Overall, the dietary supplements significantly improved the initial claudication (SMD 0.34; 95%CI 0.04, 0.64; p = 0.03) but not maximum walking (SMD 0.13; 95%CI -0.17, 0.43; p = 0.39) distances. Antioxidant supplements significantly increased both the maximum walking (SMD 0.36; 95%CI 0.14, 0.59; p = 0.001) and initial claudication (SMD 0.58; 95%CI 0.26, 0.90; p < 0.001) distances. The dietary interventions did not improve the physical function domain of the Short Form-36 (SMD -0.16; 95%CI -0.32, 0.00; p = 0.38), ABI or risk of adverse events, mortality, revascularisation or amputation. Dietary NO upregulators, especially antioxidants, appear to improve the initial claudication distance in patients with PAD. Larger high-quality RCTs are needed to fully examine the benefits and risks of these treatments. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022256653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A Wong
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Aaron Drovandi
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Rhondda Jones
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
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Piknova B, Woessner MN, de Zevallos JO, Kraus WE, VanBruggen MD, Schechter AN, Allen JD. Human skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: Effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation and exercise. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15531. [PMID: 36461652 PMCID: PMC9718944 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle may act as a reservoir for N-oxides following inorganic nitrate supplementation. This idea is most intriguing in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who are unable to endogenously upregulate nitric oxide. This study analyzed plasma and skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations along with exercise performance, prior to and following 12-weeks of exercise training combined with oral inorganic nitrate supplementation (EX+BR) or placebo (EX+PL) in participants with PAD. Non-supplemented, at baseline, there were no differences in plasma and muscle nitrate. For nitrite, muscle concentration was higher than plasma (+0.10 nmol.g-1 ). After 12 -weeks, acute oral nitrate increased both plasma and muscle nitrate (455.04 and 121.14 nmol.g-1 , p < 0.01), which were correlated (r = 0.63, p < 0.01), plasma nitrate increase was greater than in muscle (p < 0.01). Nitrite increased in the plasma (1.01 nmol.g-1 , p < 0.05) but not in the muscle (0.22 nmol.g-1 ) (p < 0.05 between compartments). Peak walk time (PWT) increased in both groups (PL + 257.6 s;BR + 315.0 s). Six-minute walk (6 MW) distance increased only in the (EX+BR) group (BR + 75.4 m). We report no substantial gradient of nitrate (or nitrite) from skeletal muscle to plasma, suggesting a lack of reservoir-like function in participants with PAD. Oral nitrate supplementation produced increases in skeletal muscle nitrate, but not skeletal muscle nitrite. The related changes in nitrate concentration between plasma and muscle suggests a potential for inter-compartmental nitrate "communication". Skeletal muscle did not appear to play a role in within compartment nitrate reduction. Muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations did not appear to contribute to exercise performance in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDKNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Joaquin Ortiz de Zevallos
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human DevelopmentUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mitch D. VanBruggen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alan N. Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDKNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jason D. Allen
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human DevelopmentUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Ismaeel A, Greathouse KL, Newton N, Miserlis D, Papoutsi E, Smith RS, Eidson JL, Dawson DL, Milner CW, Widmer RJ, Bohannon WT, Koutakis P. Phytochemicals as Therapeutic Interventions in Peripheral Artery Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:2143. [PMID: 34206667 PMCID: PMC8308302 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects over 200 million people worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, yet treatment options remain limited. Among the manifestations of PAD is a severe functional disability and decline, which is thought to be the result of different pathophysiological mechanisms including oxidative stress, skeletal muscle pathology, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Thus, compounds that target these mechanisms may have a therapeutic effect on walking performance in PAD patients. Phytochemicals produced by plants have been widely studied for their potential health effects and role in various diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this review, we focus on PAD and discuss the evidence related to the clinical utility of different phytochemicals. We discuss phytochemical research in preclinical models of PAD, and we highlight the results of the available clinical trials that have assessed the effects of these compounds on PAD patient functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (K.L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - K. Leigh Greathouse
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (K.L.G.); (E.P.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Nathan Newton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Miserlis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Evlampia Papoutsi
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (K.L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Robert S. Smith
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - Jack L. Eidson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - David L. Dawson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - Craig W. Milner
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - Robert J. Widmer
- Heart & Vascular Department, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA;
| | - William T. Bohannon
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (K.L.G.); (E.P.)
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Karunakaran KD, Peng K, Berry D, Green S, Labadie R, Kussman B, Borsook D. NIRS measures in pain and analgesia: Fundamentals, features, and function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:335-353. [PMID: 33159918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current pain assessment techniques based only on clinical evaluation and self-reports are not objective and may lead to inadequate treatment. Having a functional biomarker will add to the clinical fidelity, diagnosis, and perhaps improve treatment efficacy in patients. While many approaches have been deployed in pain biomarker discovery, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technology that allows for non-invasive measurement of cortical hemodynamics. The utility of fNIRS is especially attractive given its ability to detect specific changes in the somatosensory and high-order cortices as well as its ability to measure (1) brain function similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging, (2) graded responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli, (3) analgesia, and (4) nociception under anesthesia. In this review, we evaluate the utility of fNIRS in nociception/pain with particular focus on its sensitivity and specificity, methodological advantages and limitations, and the current and potential applications in various pain conditions. Everything considered, fNIRS technology could enhance our ability to evaluate evoked and persistent pain across different age groups and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Ke Peng
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Département en Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, l'Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Delany Berry
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Stephen Green
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Robert Labadie
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Barry Kussman
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
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Abstract
RATIONALE A primary goal of therapy for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication is increased ambulatory function. Supervised exercise rehabilitation was recently shown to confer superior walking benefits to pharmacological or surgical interventions. Increases in plasma inorganic nitrite, via oral nitrate, have been shown to increase exercise performance in both human and animal models, especially in hypoxic conditions. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a 36-session exercise rehabilitation program while consuming oral inorganic nitrate (4.2 mmol concentrated beetroot juice) would produce superior benefits over exercise plus placebo in pain-free walking and markers of increased skeletal muscle perfusion in patients with PAD and intermittent claudication. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a randomized, double-blind, per-protocol study design. After the 12-week protocol, claudication onset time on a maximal treadmill test increased by 59.2±57.3 s for the exercise plus placebo group (n=13) and by 180.3±46.6 s for the exercise plus beetroot juice group (n=11; P≤0.05). This produced a between treatment medium to large standardized effect size (Cohen d) of 0.62 (95% CI, -0.23 to +1.44). The data for 6-minute walk distance showed a similar pattern with increases of 24.6±12.1 and 53.3±19.6 m ( P≤0.05) in the exercise plus placebo and exercise plus beetroot juice groups, respectively. Measures of gastrocnemius perfusion, including ankle-brachial index, peak reactive hyperemic blood flow, and tissue deoxygenation characteristics, during exercise (assessed my near-infrared spectroscopy) all changed significantly for the exercise plus beetroot juice group with moderate-to-large effect sizes over exercise plus placebo changes. CONCLUSIONS Although it is premature to speculate on overall clinical utility of a nitrate-based therapy for PAD, this early pilot study evidence is encouraging. Specifically, our data suggests that increasing plasma nitrite before exercise may allow PAD subjects to train with less pain, at higher workloads for longer durations at each training session, thereby maximizing the beneficial peripheral vascular and skeletal muscle adaptations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01684930 and NCT01785524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Woessner
- From the Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia (M.W.)
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.W., M.D.V., W.E.K., J.D.A.)
| | - Mitch D VanBruggen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.W., M.D.V., W.E.K., J.D.A.)
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.F.P., R.S.)
| | - Richard Sloane
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.F.P., R.S.)
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.W., M.D.V., W.E.K., J.D.A.)
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (A.J.G.)
| | - Jason D Allen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.W., M.D.V., W.E.K., J.D.A.)
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (J.D.A.)
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Notay M, Saric-Bosanac S, Vaughn AR, Dhaliwal S, Trivedi M, Reiter PN, Rybak I, Li CC, Weiss LB, Ambrogio L, Burney W, Sivamani RK. The use of topical Nitrosomonas eutropha for cosmetic improvement of facial wrinkles. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:689-693. [PMID: 31257694 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both topical and oral probiotics are becoming widely used. There is increasing interest in the cosmetic potential in topical probiotics. Nitrosomonas eutropha is an ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is any improvement in facial wrinkles with the use of Nitrosomonas eutropha, a topical probiotic. METHODS In this prospective study, high-resolution photographs were obtained in twenty-nine participants at baseline and after using topical Nitrosomonas eutropha for seven days. RESULTS There was a significant difference in wrinkle depth and severity in the high concentration probiotic group. There was also a statistically significant improvement in pigmentation of the forehead and glabella in the higher concentration group. CONCLUSIONS Nitrosomonas eutropha may have aesthetic benefits in terms of reducing the appearance of wrinkles. Larger studies with longer treatment and follow-up periods are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Notay
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Suzana Saric-Bosanac
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alexandra R Vaughn
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Simran Dhaliwal
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Megha Trivedi
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paloma N Reiter
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Iryna Rybak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Waqas Burney
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,California State University, Sacramento, California, USA.,Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
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