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Boekhout JM, Hut R, Lechner L, Peels DA. " I Don't Believe in Age; I Believe in Staying Enthusiastic": An Exploratory Qualitative Study into Recruitment Strategies Stimulating Middle-Aged and Older Adults to Join Physical Activity Interventions. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:80. [PMID: 38920436 PMCID: PMC11202473 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Many middle-aged and older adults (MAOAs) do not engage in sufficient physical activity (PA), despite its well-documented benefits for healthy aging. Existing PA interventions often fail to reach or engage the target population effectively. This study investigates MAOAs' preferences for recruitment strategies to optimize the reach and uptake of PA interventions, thereby enhancing their impact on healthy aging and public health. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 39 MAOA participants (69% female, mean age = 69.46, SD = 7.07), guided by McGuire's Theory on Persuasive Communication. Factors related to the source, message content, channel, receiver characteristics and target behavior of recruitment strategies were analyzed. Our findings suggest a preference for trustworthy sources (e.g., healthcare professionals over commercial entities) and positive, non-ageist messaging. MAOAs vary in their channel preferences but emphasize the importance of personalization. Despite heterogeneity, MAOAs commonly perceive themselves as sufficiently active, indicating a need for improved knowledge on what constitutes sufficient PA, as well as easy enrollment or trying out interventions. Tailoring recruitment strategies to diverse MAOA segments based on age seems crucial for effective engagement. Future research could explore quantitative research into how communication factors relate to various target population characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Boekhout
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands; (R.H.); (L.L.); (D.A.P.)
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Kumar P, Umakanth S, Marzetti E, Kalra S, N G. Four-Step Co-Designing of the Reablement Strategies Targeting Sarcopenia (ReStart-S): An Exercise-Based Multicomponent Program for Older Adults Residing in Long-Term Care Settings. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1415-1433. [PMID: 38563041 PMCID: PMC10984199 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s452269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of sarcopenia is concerningly high in long-term care settings (LTCS); yet, no exercise programs specifically targeting older adults living in residential care are available. Objective The goal of the present study was to co-design and validate a program named Reablement Strategies targeting Sarcopenia (ReStart-S) for older long-term care residents. Design Cross-sectional study with an exploratory phase. Settings LTCS in Udupi, Karnataka, India. Participants Sarcopenic older adults diagnosed using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Material and Methods The program was designed using a four-step intervention mapping technique involving systematic progression after completing each step. The steps included 1) identifying the appropriate exercise-based intervention for sarcopenia, 2) determining objectives and expected outcomes, 3) seeking expert views through a Delphi consensus approach, and 4) assessing the feasibility of ReStart-S program among older adults living in LTCS. Results A comprehensive literature review appraised existing exercise programs for managing sarcopenia. A workshop held with six older adults and one caretaker, decided on morning exercise sessions, recommended 2-7 days/week. The results of the review and workshop were compiled for the Delphi process that had seven experts from 5 countries, achieving a 71% response rate after four rounds. In the last step, a pilot study on eight LTCS residents, two males and six females with a mean age of 78.3 ± 8.3 years, was conducted and the program was found to be feasible. Conclusion The ReStart-S program for managing sarcopenia among older adults residing in LTCS incorporates evidence from the literature and the engagement of older adults, caregivers, and experts, making it a contextually appropriate intervention. Our study also provides researchers and healthcare professionals insight into co-designing an intervention program for vulnerable older adults. Finally, the program evaluation indicates that a full-scale trial testing the efficacy of the ReStart-S program is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabal Kumar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashikiran Umakanth
- Department of Medicine, Dr. TMA Pai Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
- University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Girish N
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Mavragani A, Peels DA, Bolman CAW, de Bruijn GJ, Lechner L. Adding Mobile Elements to Online Physical Activity Interventions for Adults Aged Over 50 Years: Prototype Development Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e42394. [PMID: 36696157 PMCID: PMC9909523 DOI: 10.2196/42394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a minority of adults aged over 50 years meet physical activity (PA) guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). eHealth interventions are proven effective tools to help this population increase its PA levels in the short term, among which the Active Plus and I Move interventions have been developed by our own research group. To achieve long-term effects, increase intervention use, and decrease dropout rates, 3 emergent but different mobile elements (an activity tracker, an ecological momentary intervention [EMI] program, and a chatbot) were added separately to Active Plus and I Move. In this study, the prototype development and pilot-testing of these interventions is described. OBJECTIVE This study aims to enhance 2 existing PA-stimulating computer-based interventions with 3 mobile elements (an activity tracker, an EMI program, or a chatbot) and test the prototypes on usability and appreciation within a target population of adults aged over 50 years. METHODS A systematic design protocol consisting of development, evaluation, and adaptation procedures was followed with involvement of the target population. Literature searches separated per mobile element and interviews with the target population (N=11) led to 6 prototypes: Active Plus or I Move including (1) an activity tracker, (2) EMI, or (3) a chatbot. These prototypes were tested on usability and appreciation during pilot tests (N=47) and subsequently fine-tuned based on the results. RESULTS The literature searches and interviews provided important recommendations on the preferences of the target population, which enabled us to develop prototypes. The subsequent pilot tests showed that the mobile elements scored moderate to good on usability, with average System Usability Scale (SUS) scores of 52.2-82.2, and moderate to good on enjoyment and satisfaction, with average scores ranging from 5.1 to 8.1 on a scale of 1-10. The activity tracker received the best scores, followed by EMI, followed by the chatbot. Based on the findings, the activity tracker interventions were fine-tuned and technical difficulties regarding EMI and the chatbot were solved, which is expected to further improve usability and appreciation. CONCLUSIONS During this study, 6 prototypes of online PA interventions with added mobile elements were developed and tested for usability and appreciation. Although all prototypes scored moderate to high on usability, enjoyment, and satisfaction, it can be concluded that the integration of an activity tracker with a computer-based PA intervention is the most promising option among the 3 mobile elements tested during this study. The prototype development steps of the systematic design protocol followed can be considered useful and successful for the purposes of this study. The interventions can now be evaluated on a larger scale through a randomized controlled trial. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/31677.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise A Peels
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | | | - Gert-Jan de Bruijn
- Department of Communication Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Tummers SCMW, Hommersom A, Lechner L, Bemelmans R, Bolman CAW. Determinants of physical activity behaviour change in (online) interventions, and gender-specific differences: a Bayesian network model. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:155. [PMID: 36536443 PMCID: PMC9762063 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is known to be beneficial for health, but adherence to international PA guidelines is low across different subpopulations. Interventions have been designed to stimulate PA of different target groups by influencing relevant psycho-social determinants, essentially based on a combination of the Integrated Model for Change, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, its successor the Reasoned Action Approach and the self-determination theory. The current study investigates the pathways through which interventions influence PA. Further, gender differences in pathways of change are studied. METHODS An integrated dataset of five different randomised controlled trial intervention studies is analysed by estimating a Bayesian network. The data include measurements, at baseline and at 3, 6 (short-term), and 12 (long-term) months after the baseline, of important socio-cognitive determinants of PA, demographic factors, and PA outcomes. A fragment is extracted from the Bayesian network consisting of paths between the intervention variable, determinants, and short- and long-term PA outcomes. For each relationship between variables, a stability indicator and its mutual information are computed. Such a model is estimated for the full dataset, and in addition such a model is estimated based only on male and female participants' data to investigate gender differences. RESULTS The general model (for the full dataset) shows complex paths, indicating that the intervention affects short-term PA via the direct determinants of intention and habit and that self-efficacy, attitude, intrinsic motivation, social influence concepts, planning and commitment have an indirect influence. The model also shows how effects are maintained in the long-term and that previous PA behaviour, intention and attitude pros are direct determinants of long-term PA. The gender-specific models show similarities as well as important differences between the structures of paths for the male- and female subpopulations. For both subpopulations, intention and habit play an important role for short-term effects and maintenance of effects in the long-term. Differences are found in the role of self-efficacy in paths of behaviour change and in the fact that attitude is relevant for males, whereas planning plays a crucial role for females. The average of these differences in subpopulation mechanisms appears to be presented in the general model. CONCLUSIONS While previous research provided limited insight into how interventions influence PA through relevant determinants, the Bayesian network analyses show the relevance of determinants mentioned by the theoretical framework. The model clarifies the role that different determinants play, especially in interaction with each other. The Bayesian network provides new knowledge about the complex working mechanism of interventions to change PA by giving an insightful overview of influencing paths. Furthermore, by presenting subpopulation-specific networks, the difference between the influence structure of males and females is illustrated. These new insights can be used to improve interventions in order to enhance their effects. To accomplish this, we have developed a new methodology based on a Bayesian network analysis which may be applicable in various other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjen Hommersom
- grid.36120.360000 0004 0501 5439Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- grid.36120.360000 0004 0501 5439Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Bemelmans
- grid.413098.70000 0004 0429 9708Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Buis L, Guo H, Rookes T, Frost R, Hamilton FL. Assessing the Acceptability and Effectiveness of Mobile-Based Physical Activity Interventions for Midlife Women During Menopause: Systematic Review of the Literature. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e40271. [PMID: 36485026 PMCID: PMC9789501 DOI: 10.2196/40271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midlife women with menopausal symptoms are less likely to meet the recommended level of physical activity (PA). Promoting PA among women in midlife could reduce their risk of cardiovascular diseases and perhaps improve menopausal symptoms. Mobile PA interventions in the form of smartphone apps and wearable activity trackers can potentially encourage users to increase PA levels and address time and resource barriers to PA. However, evidence on the acceptability and effectiveness of these interventions among midlife women is unclear. OBJECTIVE This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness, acceptability, and active behavior change techniques (BCTs) of mobile PA technologies among midlife menopausal women. METHODS A mixed methods systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and the ProQuest Sports Medicine and Education Index were systematically searched. Studies were selected and screened according to predetermined eligibility criteria. In total, 2 reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and completed BCT mapping of the included interventions using the BCT Taxonomy v1. RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included in this review. Overall risk of bias was "Moderate to high" in 58% (7/12) of the included studies and "low" in 42% (5/12) of the studies. Of the 12 studies, 7 (58%) assessed changes in PA levels. The pooled effect size of 2 randomized controlled trials resulted in a small to moderate increase in moderate to vigorous PA of approximately 61.36 weekly minutes among midlife women, at least in the short term (95% CI 17.70-105.01; P=.006). Although a meta-analysis was not feasible because of heterogeneity, positive improvements were also found in a range of menopause-related outcomes such as weight reduction, anxiety management, sleep quality, and menopause-related quality of life. Midlife women perceived mobile PA interventions to be acceptable and potentially helpful in increasing PA and daily steps. The average number of BCTs per mobile PA intervention was 8.8 (range 4-13) according to the BCT Taxonomy v1. "Self-monitoring of behaviour," "Biofeedback," and "Goal setting (behaviour)" were the most frequently described BCTs across the included interventions. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrated that mobile PA interventions in the form of smartphone apps and wearable trackers are potentially effective for small to moderate increases in moderate to vigorous PA among midlife women with menopausal symptoms. Although menopause is a natural condition affecting half the population worldwide, there is a substantial lack of evidence to support the acceptability and effectiveness of mobile PA interventions on menopause-related outcomes, which needs further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021273062; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=273062.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haoyue Guo
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tasmin Rookes
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Frost
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona L Hamilton
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Janssen AM, Dam J, Prins J, Buffart LM, de Bruin M. Systematic adaptation of the adherence improving self-management strategy to support breast cancer survivors' adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy: An intervention mapping approach. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13721. [PMID: 36263723 PMCID: PMC9787620 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) for breast cancer leads to increased recurrence and mortality risk and healthcare costs. Evidence on feasible, effective AET adherence interventions is scarce. This paper describes the systematic adaptation of the cost-effective adherence improving self-management strategy (AIMS) for patients with HIV to AET for women after breast cancer treatment. METHODS We followed the intervention mapping protocol for adapting interventions by conducting a needs assessment, reviewing target behaviours and determinants, reassessing behaviour change methods and adapting programme content. Therefore, we performed a literature review, consulted behavioural theory and organised nine advisory board meetings with patients and healthcare professionals. RESULTS Non-adherence occurs frequently among AET users. Compared to HIV treatment, AET is less effective, and AET side effects are more burdensome. This drives AET treatment discontinuation. However, the key determinants of non-adherence are largely similar to HIV treatment (e.g. motivation, self-regulation and patient-provider relationship); therefore, most strategies in AIMS-HIV also seem suitable for AIMS-AET. Modifications were required, however, regarding supporting patients with coping with side effects and sustaining treatment motivation. CONCLUSION AIMS seems to be a suitable framework for adherence self-management across conditions and treatments. Intervention mapping offered a transparent, systematic approach to adapting AIMS-HIV to AET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Janssen
- Department of IQ Health, Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joëlle Dam
- Department of IQ Health, Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Judith Prins
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Laurien M. Buffart
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marijn de Bruin
- Department of IQ Health, Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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7
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van Velsen L, Ludden G, Grünloh C. The Limitations of User-and Human-Centered Design in an eHealth Context and How to Move Beyond Them. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37341. [PMID: 36197718 PMCID: PMC9582917 DOI: 10.2196/37341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-centered design (HCD) is widely regarded as the best design approach for creating eHealth innovations that align with end users’ needs, wishes, and context and has the potential to impact health care. However, critical reflections on applying HCD within the context of eHealth are lacking. Applying a critical eye to the use of HCD approaches within eHealth, we present and discuss 9 limitations that the current practices of HCD in eHealth innovation often carry. The limitations identified range from limited reach and bias to narrow contextual and temporal focus. Design teams should carefully consider if, how, and when they should involve end users and other stakeholders in the design process and how they can combine their insights with existing knowledge and design skills. Finally, we discuss how a more critical perspective on using HCD in eHealth innovation can move the field forward and offer 3 directions of inspiration to improve our design practices: value-sensitive design, citizen science, and more-than-human design. Although value-sensitive design approaches offer a solution to some of the biased or limited views of traditional HCD approaches, combining a citizen science approach with design inspiration and imagining new futures could widen our view on eHealth innovation. Finally, a more-than-human design approach will allow eHealth solutions to care for both people and the environment. These directions can be seen as starting points that invite and support the field of eHealth innovation to do better and to try and develop more inclusive, fair, and valuable eHealth innovations that will have an impact on health and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex van Velsen
- eHealth Department, Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, Netherlands.,Department of Communication Science, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Geke Ludden
- Department of Design, Production and Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Christiane Grünloh
- eHealth Department, Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, Netherlands.,Biomedical Systems and Signals group, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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8
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Collombon EHGM, Bolman CAW, Peels DA, de Bruijn GJ, de Groot RHM, Lechner L. Adding Mobile Elements to Online Physical Activity Interventions Targeted at Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: Protocol for a Systematic Design. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e31677. [PMID: 35819820 PMCID: PMC9328785 DOI: 10.2196/31677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) can increase mental and physical health in adults aged 50 years and older. However, it has been shown that PA guidelines are often not met within this population. Therefore, our research group developed 2 computer-tailored intervention programs in the last decade to stimulate PA: Active Plus and I Move. Although these programs were proven effective, positive effects diminished over time and attrition rates were relatively high. To respond to this, we will integrate 3 interactive mobile elements into the existing programs: activity tracker, ecological momentary intervention program, and virtual coach app. OBJECTIVE The goal of the research is to define systematic and evidence-based steps for extending our online computer-based PA intervention programs with 3 interactive mobile elements. METHODS Components often included in other (eHealth) design models were identified as key components and served as a base for the definition of systematic steps: exploration of context, involvement of the target population, prototype and intervention testing, and implementation. Based on these key components, 10 systematic steps were defined. The initial step is a literature search, with the results serving as a base for development of the low-fidelity prototypes in step 2. The pilot phase comprises the 3rd to 6th steps and includes semistructured interviews, pilot tests, and adaptations of the prototypes with intensive involvement of the target population of adults aged 50 years and older, where particular attention will be paid to lower educated persons. The 7th step is an effect evaluation in the form of a randomized controlled trial. During the 8th step, the most effective intervention programs will be selected and reinforced. These reinforced intervention programs will be used during the design of an implementation plan in the 9th step and the subsequent field study in the 10th step. RESULTS The project will be executed from December 2019 to December 2023. During this period, the systematic approach presented will be practically executed according to the methodological procedures described. CONCLUSIONS Based on the 4 identified key components, we were able to design an evidence-based systematic design approach for separately adding 3 mobile elements to our existing online PA intervention programs. The 10 steps are presented as a useful approach to guide future eHealth design studies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/31677.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denise A Peels
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan de Bruijn
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Communication Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands
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9
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Boekhout JM, Volders E, Bolman CAW, de Groot RHM, Lechner L. Long-Term Effects on Loneliness of a Computer-Tailored Intervention for Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Health 2021; 33:865-876. [PMID: 33962517 PMCID: PMC8641036 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211015027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study explores the effects of the Active Plus intervention aiming to decrease loneliness among older adults (>65 years) with chronic diseases. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed (N = 585; age: M = 74.5 years, SD = 6.4), assessing loneliness at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Outcome measures in the multilevel linear regression analyses were total, social and emotional loneliness. Results: At 12 months, significant decreases in total (B = -.37, p = .01) and social loneliness (B = -.24, p = .02) were found. Age was a significant moderator for total and social loneliness; however, the intervention was effective only for participants aged 80 years and older. Discussion: The Active Plus intervention showed a significant decrease in total and social loneliness and was especially beneficial for the vulnerable age group of 80 years and older. A more comprehensive tool for measuring social activity and mobility impairments, and using a longer time frame to detect loneliness changes, may form interesting future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Boekhout
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Volders
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renate H. M. de Groot
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (School NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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10
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van Agteren J, Iasiello M, Ali K, Fassnacht DB, Furber G, Woodyatt L, Howard A, Kyrios M. Using the Intervention Mapping Approach to Develop a Mental Health Intervention: A Case Study on Improving the Reporting Standards for Developing Psychological Interventions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648678. [PMID: 34675833 PMCID: PMC8524131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicating or distilling information from psychological interventions reported in the scientific literature is hindered by inadequate reporting, despite the existence of various methodologies to guide study reporting and intervention development. This article provides an in-depth explanation of the scientific development process for a mental health intervention, and by doing so illustrates how intervention development methodologies can be used to improve development reporting standards of interventions. Intervention development was guided by the Intervention Mapping approach and the Theoretical Domains Framework. It relied on an extensive literature review, input from a multi-disciplinary group of stakeholders and the learnings from projects on similar psychological interventions. The developed programme, called the “Be Well Plan”, focuses on self-exploration to determine key motivators, resources and challenges to improve mental health outcomes. The programme contains an online assessment to build awareness about one’s mental health status. In combination with the exploration of different evidence-based mental health activities from various therapeutic backgrounds, the programme teaches individuals to create a personalised mental health and wellbeing plan. The use of best-practice intervention development frameworks and evidence-based behavioural change techniques aims to ensure optimal intervention impact, while reporting on the development process provides researchers and other stakeholders with an ability to scientifically interrogate and replicate similar psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep van Agteren
- Wellbeing and Resilience Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew Iasiello
- Wellbeing and Resilience Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathina Ali
- Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gareth Furber
- Health Counselling and Disability Services, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lydia Woodyatt
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexis Howard
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Kyrios
- Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Volders E, de Groot RHM, Bolman CAW, Lechner L. The longitudinal associations between change in physical activity and cognitive functioning in older adults with chronic illness (es). BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:478. [PMID: 34481465 PMCID: PMC8418733 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity (PA) is potentially beneficial for age-related cognitive decline. Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is mostly advised, older adults with chronic illnesses might benefit more from light physical activity (LPA), as they suffer from mobility problems, pain, and fatigue, limiting high-intensity PA. Therefore, the longitudinal association between change in LPA and MVPA and the change in cognitive functioning (CF) is investigated in older adults with chronic illnesses. METHODS In total 432 older adults (mean age 73.7 [±6.1] years; 46.8% female) with at least one chronic illness participated in this longitudinal observational study. Longitudinal associations between accelerometer-assessed change in PA (LPA and MVPA) and change in CF, measured with an objective validated neuropsychological test battery, were tested with multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS An increase in LPA between baseline and 6 months follow-up was significantly associated with improved short-term verbal memory and inhibition over the first 6 months. In addition, the change score in LPA over the first 6 months was predictive for the change score in short-term verbal memory over 12 months. Furthermore, an increase in MVPA between baseline and 6 months follow-up was significantly associated with a decrease in longer-term verbal memory scores over the same six-month period. CONCLUSIONS For older adults with chronic illnesses who may experience difficulties in being sufficiently active, an increase in LPA is probably more achievable than an increase in MVPA. In addition, an increase in LPA enhances CF more than an increase in MVPA does. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register NL6005 ; Date of Registration 21-03-2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Volders
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands.,Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (School NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine A W Bolman
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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12
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Volders E, de Groot RHM, Coumans JMJ, Bolman CAW, Lechner L. A randomized controlled trial into the cognitive effects of a computer-tailored physical activity intervention in older adults with chronic disease(s). Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 33632130 PMCID: PMC7908734 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-021-00259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive functioning (CF) is important for wellbeing and an independent life. However, older adults with chronic diseases are at a higher risk of poorer CF levels. Although, research suggests that physical activity (PA) could play an essential role in maintaining good CF, older adults with chronic diseases have low levels of PA. PA interventions to prevent cognitive decline for this specific group exist. Yet, until now these interventions focused on a single specific chronic disease. Active Plus is a proven effective computer-tailored PA stimulating intervention focused on increasing PA in daily life for the older adult population suffering from a broad range of chronic diseases. This study tests the cognitive effects of Active Plus in older adults with chronic diseases. Methods In this RCT older adults with at least one chronic disease (≥65 years) were allocated to the intervention group (N = 260, mean age = 74.2) or waiting list control group (N = 325, mean age = 74.5). In total, intervention group participants received three times computer-tailored PA stimulating advice within four months (i.e., at baseline, after two months, and after three to four months). The online and print delivered advice were tailored to the specific needs and wishes of the participant and focused on incorporating PA in daily life. Baseline and follow-up measurements of the CF verbal memory (Verbal Learning Test), shifting (Trailmaking Test), inhibition (Stop-signal Task) and processing speed (Letter Digit Substitution Test) were assessed after six and 12 months. Intervention effects were analyzed with multilevel linear mixed-effects models adjusted for the clustered design and confounding variables. Results The dropout rate was 19.1% after 6 months and 25.1% after 12 months. Although both conditions improved on all verbal memory outcomes after 6 months, and all CF outcomes except inhibition after 12 months, no intervention effects were found, not even in subgroups (p > .05). Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first study to test the cognitive effects of a computer-tailored PA stimulating intervention in older adults suffering from a broad range of chronic diseases. The effects of the Active Plus intervention were not strong enough to improve CF or prevent cognitive decline. A blended approach, in which this computer-tailored intervention is combined with a face-to-face PA intervention and / or cognitive training, might be a good suggestion to increase the effects of Active Plus on PA and CF in older adults with chronic diseases. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NL6005; Date of Registration 03-21-2017; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6005
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Volders
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419, AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419, AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands.,Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (School NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Juul M J Coumans
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419, AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine A W Bolman
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419, AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419, AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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13
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van Leeuwen EH, van den Heuvel M, Knies E, Taris TW. Career Crafting Training Intervention for Physicians: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18432. [PMID: 33030151 PMCID: PMC7582143 DOI: 10.2196/18432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians work in a highly demanding work setting where ongoing changes affect their work and challenge their employability (ie, their ability and willingness to continue working). In this high-pressure environment, physicians could benefit from proactively managing or crafting their careers; however, they tend not to show this behavior. The new concept of career crafting concerns proactively making choices and adapting behavior regarding both short-term job design (ie, job crafting) as well as longer-term career development (ie, career self-management). However, so far, no intervention studies have aimed at enhancing career crafting behavior among physicians. Given that proactive work and career behavior have been shown to be related to favorable outcomes, we designed an intervention to support career crafting behavior and employability of physicians. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to describe (1) the development and (2) the design of the evaluation of a randomized controlled career crafting intervention to increase job crafting, career self-management, and employability. METHODS A randomized controlled intervention study was designed for 141 physicians in two Dutch hospitals. The study was designed and will be evaluated based on parts of the intervention mapping protocol. First, needs of physicians were assessed through 40 interviews held with physicians and managers. This pointed to a need to support physicians in becoming more proactive regarding their careers as well as in building awareness of proactive behaviors in order to craft their current work situation. Based on this, a training program was developed in line with their needs. A number of theoretical methods and practical applications were selected as the building blocks of the training. Next, participants were randomly assigned to either the waitlist-control group (ie, received no training) or the intervention group. The intervention group participated in a 4-hour training session and worked on four self-set goals. Then, a coaching conversation took place over the phone. Digital questionnaires distributed before and 8 weeks after the intervention assessed changes in job crafting, career self-management, employability, and changes in the following additional variables: job satisfaction, career satisfaction, work-home interference, work ability, and performance. In addition, a process evaluation was conducted to examine factors that may have promoted or hindered the effectiveness of the intervention. RESULTS Data collection was completed in March 2020. Evaluation of outcomes and the research process started in April 2020. Study results were submitted for publication in September 2020. CONCLUSIONS This study protocol gives insight into the systematic development and design of a career crafting training intervention that is aimed to enhance job crafting, career self-management, and employability. This study will provide valuable information to physicians, managers, policy makers, and other researchers that aim to enhance career crafting. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/18432.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Machteld van den Heuvel
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eva Knies
- Utrecht University School of Governance, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Toon W Taris
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Li DH, Moskowitz DA, Macapagal K, Saber R, Mustanski B. Using Intervention Mapping to Developmentally Adapt an Online HIV Risk Reduction Program for Adolescent Men Who Have Sex with Men. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 21:885-897. [PMID: 32761287 PMCID: PMC7470630 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) experience a dramatic health disparity in HIV, accounting for over 80% of new diagnoses among youth. Current evidence-based HIV prevention programs, however, focus primarily on adults and heterosexual youth, thereby missing the unique experiences and socio-environmental contexts of AMSM aged 13-18. To address these gaps, we used the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol to developmentally adapt an existing evidence-based online HIV risk reduction program (i.e., Keep it Up!/KIU!), originally designed for young adult MSM aged 18-29, into a new intervention called SMART Squad. Using a hybrid of IM creation and adaptation tasks, we specified three behavioral outcomes and identified corresponding performance objectives for SMART Squad based on the original goals of KIU!. We constructed matrices of change objectives using determinants from the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, modifying them for the younger population with additional theoretical and empirical evidence and expert review. SMART Squad activities were operationalized from theory-based behavior change methods matched to the change objectives and guided by program themes, components, and scope imported from KIU!. The final SMART Squad intervention comprises 6 episodes/modules delivered in 2 sessions plus 2 booster episodes occurring 1 and 3 months after the main program. It is currently being evaluated nationally as part of a stepped-care package of 3 programs, in which the receipt and sequencing of interventions is tailored to individual AMSM development and needs. Despite substantial changes to KIU!, IM was a useful method for retaining the hypothesized essential elements of the eHealth HIV risk reduction program. Challenges and recommendations for future researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Li
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - David A Moskowitz
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Macapagal
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rana Saber
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Wichmann F, Pischke CR, Jürgens D, Darmann-Finck I, Koppelin F, Lippke S, Pauls A, Peters M, Voelcker-Rehage C, Muellmann S. Requirements for (web-based) physical activity interventions targeting adults above the age of 65 years - qualitative results regarding acceptance and needs of participants and non-participants. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:907. [PMID: 32527251 PMCID: PMC7291669 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unclear how physical activity (PA) interventions need to be designed to reach older adults and to be widely accepted in this target group. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptance of a web-based PA program, including individual intervention components as well as relevant contextual factors, and to specify requirements for future interventions. Methods Two hundred sixty-six participants of a PA intervention completed a questionnaire covering individual program components (content, structure, and context). Further, 25 episodic guided interviews focusing on reasons for (non-) participation were conducted with 8 participants and 17 non-participants. Following qualitative content analysis, different requirements were identified and organized based on the social-ecological model, resulting in a profile of requirements. Results Based on the participants’ and non-participants’ statements, six different levels of requirements affecting acceptance of and successful participation in a web-based PA intervention were identified. The individual fit was influenced by an interaction of different factors at the intrapersonal, sociocultural, content, spatial, digital and organizational levels. Several age- and gender-specific requirements were noted in the interviewed older adults. Men and women, as well as younger (< 70 years) and older (≥70 years) adults differed in terms of perceived enjoyment and benefits of socializing while exercising together, the time expenditure perceived to be acceptable, previous digital skills, as well as in perceptions that ambience and accessibility of exercise facilities in the neighborhood were important. Conclusions To motivate older adults to engage in PA and address different needs in terms of life circumstances and quality of life as well as differences in technical affinity, different requirement profiles should be included in the process of intervention development and implementation. Participatory development loops and modular offer formats are recommended for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Wichmann
- Institute for Public Health und Nursing Sciences - IPP, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. .,Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dorothee Jürgens
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Darmann-Finck
- Institute for Public Health und Nursing Sciences - IPP, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Frauke Koppelin
- Jade University of Applied Sciences Wilhelmshaven/Oldenburg/Elsfleth, Section Technology and Health for Humans, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alexander Pauls
- Jade University of Applied Sciences Wilhelmshaven/Oldenburg/Elsfleth, Section Technology and Health for Humans, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Peters
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Research Focus Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.,Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saskia Muellmann
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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16
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Volders E, Bolman CAW, de Groot RHM, Verboon P, Lechner L. The Effect of Active Plus, a Computer-Tailored Physical Activity Intervention, on the Physical Activity of Older Adults with Chronic Illness(es)-A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072590. [PMID: 32290072 PMCID: PMC7177821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
eHealth interventions aimed at improving physical activity (PA) can reach large populations with few resources and demands on the population as opposed to centre-based interventions. Active Plus is a proven effective computer-tailored PA intervention for the older adult population focusing on PA in daily life. This manuscript describes the effects of the Active Plus intervention (N = 260) on PA of older adults with chronic illnesses (OACI), compared to a waiting list control group (N = 325). It was part of a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of the Active Plus intervention on cognitive functioning. OACI (≥65 years) with at least one chronic illness were allocated to one of the conditions. Intervention group participants received PA advice. Baseline and follow-up measurements were assessed after 6 and 12 months. Intervention effects on objectively measured light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) min/week were analysed with multilevel linear mixed-effects models adjusted for the clustered design. Intervention effects on self-reported MVPA min/week on common types of PA were analysed with two-part generalized linear mixed-effects models adjusted for the clustered design. The dropout rate was 19.1% after 6 months and 25.1% after 12 months. Analyses showed no effects on objectively measured PA. Active Plus increased the likelihood to perform self-reported cycling and gardening at six months and participants who cycled increased their MVPA min/week of cycling. Twelve months after baseline the intervention increased the likelihood to perform self-reported walking and participants who cycled at 12 months increased their MVPA min/week of cycling. Subgroup analyses showed that more vulnerable participants (higher degree of impairment, age or body mass index) benefitted more from the intervention on especially the lower intensity PA outcomes. In conclusion, Active Plus only increased PA behaviour to a limited extent in OACI 6 and 12 months after baseline measurements. The Active Plus intervention may yet be not effective enough by itself in OACI. A blended approach, where this eHealth intervention and face-to-face contact are combined, is advised to improve the effects of Active Plus on PA in this target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Volders
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands; (C.A.W.B.); (P.V.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-45-576-2354
| | - Catherine A. W. Bolman
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands; (C.A.W.B.); (P.V.); (L.L.)
| | - Renate H. M. de Groot
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands;
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (School NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Verboon
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands; (C.A.W.B.); (P.V.); (L.L.)
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands; (C.A.W.B.); (P.V.); (L.L.)
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17
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Sohaib Aslam A, van Luenen S, Aslam S, van Bodegom D, Chavannes NH. A systematic review on the use of mHealth to increase physical activity in older people. CLINICAL EHEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceh.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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18
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Physical Impairments Disrupt the Association Between Physical Activity and Loneliness: A Longitudinal Study. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:787-796. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the association between physical activity (PA), loneliness, and the presence of physical chronic impairments among single older adults. A longitudinal study (N = 575; mean age 76 ± 8 years) was conducted. The association between self-reported weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous PA, loneliness, and presence of physical impairments was assessed with multilevel analyses at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Improvements in moderate to vigorous PA were associated with decreases in loneliness (B = −0.09, SE = 0.04, p = .020); this association became nonsignificant when including the presence of physical impairments in the analyses (p = .824), which in itself was positively associated with loneliness (B = 0.51, SE = 0.10, p < .001). Findings indicate that physical impairments have a larger influence on loneliness than the level of PA. Interventions targeting PA and loneliness should tailor specifically to physical impairments.
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19
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Edney S, Ryan JC, Olds T, Monroe C, Fraysse F, Vandelanotte C, Plotnikoff R, Curtis R, Maher C. User Engagement and Attrition in an App-Based Physical Activity Intervention: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e14645. [PMID: 31774402 PMCID: PMC6906621 DOI: 10.2196/14645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success of a mobile phone app in changing health behavior is thought to be contingent on engagement, commonly operationalized as frequency of use. Objective This subgroup analysis of the 2 intervention arms from a 3-group randomized controlled trial aimed to examine user engagement with a 100-day physical activity intervention delivered via an app. Rates of engagement, associations between user characteristics and engagement, and whether engagement was related to intervention efficacy were examined. Methods Engagement was captured in a real-time log of interactions by users randomized to either a gamified (n=141) or nongamified version of the same app (n=160). Physical activity was assessed via accelerometry and self-report at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Survival analysis was used to assess time to nonuse attrition. Mixed models examined associations between user characteristics and engagement (total app use). Characteristics of super users (top quartile of users) and regular users (lowest 3 quartiles) were compared using t tests and a chi-square analysis. Linear mixed models were used to assess whether being a super user was related to change in physical activity over time. Results Engagement was high. Attrition (30 days of nonuse) occurred in 32% and 39% of the gamified and basic groups, respectively, with no significant between-group differences in time to attrition (P=.17). Users with a body mass index (BMI) in the healthy range had higher total app use (mean 230.5, 95% CI 190.6-270.5; F2=8.67; P<.001), compared with users whose BMI was overweight or obese (mean 170.6, 95% CI 139.5-201.6; mean 132.9, 95% CI 104.8-161.0). Older users had higher total app use (mean 200.4, 95% CI 171.9-228.9; F1=6.385; P=.01) than younger users (mean 155.6, 95% CI 128.5-182.6). Super users were 4.6 years older (t297=3.6; P<.001) and less likely to have a BMI in the obese range (χ22=15.1; P<.001). At the 3-month follow-up, super users were completing 28.2 (95% CI 9.4-46.9) more minutes of objectively measured physical activity than regular users (F1,272=4.76; P=.03). Conclusions Total app use was high across the 100-day intervention period, and the inclusion of gamified features enhanced engagement. Participants who engaged the most saw significantly greater increases to their objectively measured physical activity over time, supporting the theory that intervention exposure is linked to efficacy. Further research is needed to determine whether these findings are replicated in other app-based interventions, including those experimentally evaluating engagement and those conducted in real-world settings. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000113358; https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12617000113358.aspx
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Edney
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jillian C Ryan
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Courtney Monroe
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - François Fraysse
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Ronald Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rachel Curtis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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20
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Volders E, Bolman CAW, de Groot RHM, Lechner L. The effect of Active Plus, a computer-tailored physical activity intervention, on cognitive functioning of elderly people with chronic illness(es) - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1197. [PMID: 31470829 PMCID: PMC6717346 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity not only is beneficial to a person's health, but can also have a positive influence on cognitive functioning. However, elderly people with chronic illness(es) often do not meet the physical activity guidelines. Physical activity programs for the elderly exist, but these are often expensive and not easily accessible to the elderly with chronic illness(es). In addition, the beneficial effects of these physical activity programs on cognitive functioning have never been specifically tested in this target group. Hence, this randomized controlled trial aims to test whether Active Plus, a proven effective physical activity intervention, is able to improve the cognitive functioning of elderly people with chronic illness(es) or to slow down cognitive decline. In addition, it studies what kind of activity, intensity, duration and frequency of physical activity most strongly influence cognitive functioning. METHODS A randomized controlled trial is performed, comparing the Active Plus intervention group to a waiting list control group. In total 540 older adults (≥65 years) with at least one chronic illness that limits mobility are recruited from 7 municipalities. Comparable neighborhoods within a municipality are randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Baseline and follow-up measurements after 6 and 12 months assess cognitive functioning and physical activity behavior, measured both objectively with an accelerometer and subjectively with a self-report questionnaire. Multilevel analyses are conducted to assess effects on cognitive functioning, including analyses on moderation effects for physical activity type, frequency, duration and intensity. DISCUSSION To our knowledge this is the first study to investigate effectiveness of a physical activity program on cognitive functioning in elderly people suffering from a broad range of chronic illnesses. If proven effective Active Plus would be a very cost effective intervention not only to increase physical activity, but also to improve cognitive functioning or slow down cognitive decline. Up till now clear evidence is lacking on the kind of physical activity, intensity, duration and frequency needed to achieve cognitive benefits. By measuring both with accelerometers and self-report questionnaires we hope to gain insight in these processes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Nederlands Trial Register NL6005 ; Date of Registration 21-03-2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Volders
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine A. W. Bolman
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate H. M. de Groot
- Welten Institute – Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (School NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
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21
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Boekhout JM, Peels DA, Berendsen BAJ, Bolman C, Lechner L. A Web-Based and Print-Delivered Computer-Tailored Physical Activity Intervention for Older Adults: Pretest-Posttest Intervention Study Comparing Delivery Mode Preference and Attrition. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e13416. [PMID: 31464186 PMCID: PMC6737888 DOI: 10.2196/13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based interventions can play an important role in promoting physical activity (PA) behavior among older adults. Although the effectiveness of these interventions is promising, they are often characterized by low reach and high attrition, which considerably hampers their potential impact on public health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the participant characteristics associated with the preference for a Web-based or a printed delivery mode and to determine whether an association exists between delivery modes or participant characteristics and attrition in an intervention. This knowledge may enhance implementation, sustainability of participation, and effectiveness of future interventions for older adults. METHODS A real-life pretest-posttest intervention study was performed (N=409) among community-living single adults who were older than 65 years, with physical impairments caused by chronic diseases. Measurements were taken at baseline and 3 months after the start of the intervention. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to assess demographic and behavioral characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, educational attainment, degree of loneliness, and PA level), as well as psychosocial characteristics (social support for PA, modeling, self-efficacy, attitude, and intention) related to delivery mode preference at baseline and attrition after 3 months. RESULTS The printed delivery mode achieved higher participation (58.9%, 241/409) than the Web-based delivery mode (41.1%, 168/409). Participation in the Web-based delivery mode was associated with younger age (B=-0.10; SE 0.02; Exp (B)=0.91; P<.001) and higher levels of social support for PA (B=0.38; SE 0.14; Exp (B)=1.46; P=.01); attrition was associated with participation in the Web-based delivery mode (B=1.28; SE 0.28; Exp (B)=3.58; P<.001) and low educational attainment (B=-0.53; SE 0.28; Exp (B)=0.59; P=.049). CONCLUSIONS A total of 41% of the participants chose the Web-based delivery mode, thus demonstrating a potential interest of single older adults with physical impairments in Web-based delivered interventions. However, attrition was demonstrated to be higher in the Web-based delivery mode, and lower educational attainment was found to be a predictor for attrition. Characteristics predicting a preference for the printed delivery mode included being older and receiving less social support. Although Web-based delivery modes are generally less expensive and easier to distribute, it may be advisable to offer a printed delivery mode alongside a Web-based delivery mode to prevent exclusion of a large part of the target population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register NTR2297; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/2173. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-DOI: 10.2196/resprot.8093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Maria Boekhout
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Denise Astrid Peels
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | | | - Catherine Bolman
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
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22
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den Bakker CM, Schaafsma FG, van der Meij E, Meijerink WJ, van den Heuvel B, Baan AH, Davids PH, Scholten PC, van der Meij S, van Baal WM, van Dalsen AD, Lips DJ, van der Steeg JW, Leclercq WK, Geomini PM, Consten EC, Schraffordt Koops SE, de Castro SM, van Kesteren PJ, Cense HA, Stockmann HB, Ten Cate AD, Bonjer HJ, Huirne JA, Anema JR. Electronic Health Program to Empower Patients in Returning to Normal Activities After General Surgical and Gynecological Procedures: Intervention Mapping as a Useful Method for Further Development. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e9938. [PMID: 30724740 PMCID: PMC6381532 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.9938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Support for guiding and monitoring postoperative recovery and resumption of activities is usually not provided to patients after discharge from the hospital. Therefore, a perioperative electronic health (eHealth) intervention (“ikherstel” intervention or “I recover” intervention) was developed to empower gynecological patients during the perioperative period. This eHealth intervention requires a need for further development for patients who will undergo various types of general surgical and gynecological procedures. Objective This study aimed to further develop the “ikherstel” eHealth intervention using Intervention Mapping (IM) to fit a broader patient population. Methods The IM protocol was used to guide further development of the “ikherstel” intervention. First, patients’ needs were identified using (1) the information of a process evaluation of the earlier performed “ikherstel” study, (2) a review of the literature, (3) a survey study, and (4) focus group discussions (FGDs) among stakeholders. Next, program outcomes and change objectives were defined. Third, behavior change theories and practical tools were selected for the intervention program. Finally, an implementation and evaluation plan was developed. Results The outcome for an eHealth intervention tool for patients recovering from abdominal general surgical and gynecological procedures was redefined as “achieving earlier recovery including return to normal activities and work.” The Attitude-Social Influence-Self-Efficacy model was used as a theoretical framework to transform personal and external determinants into change objectives of personal behavior. The knowledge gathered by needs assessment and using the theoretical framework in the preparatory steps of the IM protocol resulted in additional tools. A mobile app, an activity tracker, and an electronic consultation (eConsult) will be incorporated in the further developed eHealth intervention. This intervention will be evaluated in a multicenter, single-blinded randomized controlled trial with 18 departments in 11 participating hospitals in the Netherlands. Conclusions The intervention is extended to patients undergoing general surgical procedures and for malignant indications. New intervention tools such as a mobile app, an activity tracker, and an eConsult were developed. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Registry NTR5686; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5686
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M den Bakker
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Occupational and Public Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederieke G Schaafsma
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Occupational and Public Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eva van der Meij
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Occupational and Public Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Baukje van den Heuvel
- Department of Operation Rooms, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Astrid H Baan
- Department of Surgery, Amstelland Ziekenhuis, Amstelveen, Netherlands
| | - Paul Hp Davids
- Department of Surgery, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Petrus C Scholten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - W Marchien van Baal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel J Lips
- Department of Surgery, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem van der Steeg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | | | - Peggy Maj Geomini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medisch Centrum, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Esther Cj Consten
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medisch Centrum, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | | | - Steve Mm de Castro
- Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Jm van Kesteren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huib A Cense
- Department of Surgery, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | | | - A Dorien Ten Cate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Bonjer
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Af Huirne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes R Anema
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Occupational and Public Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Boekhout JM, Berendsen BAJ, Peels DA, Bolman CAW, Lechner L. Evaluation of a Computer-Tailored Healthy Ageing Intervention to Promote Physical Activity among Single Older Adults with a Chronic Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E346. [PMID: 29462862 PMCID: PMC5858415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the effectiveness of the Active Plus65 intervention designed to stimulate physical activity among single older adults with a chronic physical impairment. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study was performed. The intervention group (n = 411; mean age = 76.75; SD = 7.75) was assessed at baseline, three months, and six months. Data of comparable older adults who completed the original Active Plus intervention served as reference group (n = 87; mean age = 74.36; SD = 6.26). Multilevel regression analyses were applied: outcome measures were weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and days per week with at least 30 minutes of MVPA. Although Active Plus65 did not outperform the original intervention, in itself Active Plus65 effectuated a significant increase in the weekly minutes of MVPA (B = 208.26; p < 0.001; Effect Size (ES) = 0.45) and in the days per week with sufficient MVPA (B = 1.20; p < 0.001; ES = 0.61) after three months. After six months, it effectuated a significant increase in the days per week with sufficient MVPA (B = 0.67; p = 0.001; ES = 0.34) but not for the weekly minutes of MVPA (p = 0.745). As Active Plus65 increased MVPA at three months with a higher ES than average interventions for this vulnerable target group, it potentially makes an interesting intervention. Further development should focus on long-term maintenance of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Boekhout
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, PO Box 2960, Heerlen 6401 DL, The Netherlands.
| | - Brenda A J Berendsen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, PO Box 2960, Heerlen 6401 DL, The Netherlands.
| | - Denise A Peels
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, PO Box 2960, Heerlen 6401 DL, The Netherlands.
| | - Catherine A W Bolman
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, PO Box 2960, Heerlen 6401 DL, The Netherlands.
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, PO Box 2960, Heerlen 6401 DL, The Netherlands.
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