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Seyam MM, Esheba NE, Eid MA, Gabr MA. Red cell distribution width, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and interleukin 10 are good prognostic markers in multiple myeloma. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2023; 13:34-39. [PMID: 37937298 PMCID: PMC10627206 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease so we need to continue developing new diagnostic and prognostic options for its management. There are multiple prognostic factors for MM, but most of them are costly and time consuming. Hence comes the urge to identify bed side and low cost prognostic tools, that is why this study was aiming to identify in Egyptian MM patients. Materials and methods The study was carried on 60 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls. Studied subjects were subdivided into two groups: Group I: 60 multiple myeloma patients which were subdivided into three subgroups: Stage I: 10 patients, Stage II: 17 patients, Stage III: 33 patients, Group II: 20 healthy controls. Results A progressive significant increase in IL-10, RDW, NLR, and beta2 microglobulin (β2M) with disease progression from stage I towards stage III as compared to the control group. However, IL-10, RDW, and NLR have the best prognostic efficiency value regarding to sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value when compared with β2M. Conclusions IL-10, RDW, and NLR are simple, easy and bedside tests (in the case of RDW, and NLR). They have high sensitivity and specificity when compared to β2M, which is a well-established prognostic factor that highlights the valuable role they play as prognostic markers in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. Seyam
- Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Helwam University, Cairo,
Egypt
| | - Noha E. Esheba
- Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta,
Egypt
| | - Manal A. Eid
- Clinical Pathology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta,
Egypt
| | - Mamdouh A. Gabr
- Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta,
Egypt
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Yue X, Huang L, Yang Y, Zhao Y, He D, Han X, Zheng G, Li Y, Zhang E, Cai Z, Huang X, He J. High levels of serum IL-10 indicate disease progression, extramedullary involvement, and poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:968-974. [PMID: 36379615 PMCID: PMC9676094 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malignant hematological tumor in adults, which is characterized by clonal malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and secretion of a large number of abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins (M protein), leading to bone destruction, hypercalcemia, anemia, and renal insufficiency (Alexandrakis et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2018). Since a large number of new drugs, represented by proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators, have been successfully used to treat MM, treatment efficacy and survival of patients have been significantly improved. However, due to the high heterogeneity of this disease, patients have responded differently to treatments with these new drugs (Palumbo and Anderson, 2011; Wang et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2020). Growth and survival of MM cells depend on the bone marrow microenvironment, especially numerous inflammatory cytokines secreted by myeloma cells and bone marrow stromal cells, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-10. These cytokines can promote the growth of myeloma cells, induce angiogenesis, and inhibit antitumor immunity, and are often linked to patient prognosis (Kumar et al., 2017). In this era of new drugs, the prognostic values of the serum levels of these cytokines in MM need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yue
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Donghua He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Immunological Prognostic Factors in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073587. [PMID: 33808304 PMCID: PMC8036885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by an abnormal proliferation of clonal, terminally differentiated B lymphocytes. Current approaches for the treatment of MM focus on developing new diagnostic techniques; however, the search for prognostic markers is also crucial. This enables the classification of patients into risk groups and, thus, the selection of the most optimal treatment method. Particular attention should be paid to the possible use of immune factors, as the immune system plays a key role in the formation and course of MM. In this review, we focus on characterizing the components of the immune system that are of prognostic value in MM patients, in order to facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic directions.
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Liu CD, Chang CC, Huang WH. The perspectives of interleukin-10 in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of multiple myeloma. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 33:257-262. [PMID: 34386363 PMCID: PMC8323651 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_141_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is typically featured by the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the neoplastic plasma cells (PCs) producing monoclonal immunoglobulin. PCs proliferate in the bone marrow, which will lead to extensive skeletal destruction with osteolytic lesions, osteopenia, or pathologic fractures. The diagnostic biology of MM has progressed from morphology and low-sensitivity protein analysis into multiomics-based high-throughput readout, whereas therapeutics has evolved from single active agent to potential active drug combinations underlying precision medicine. Many studies have focused on the cytokine networks that control growth, progression, and dissemination of the disease. The complexity of cytokines in MM development remains to be elucidated comprehensively. Apart from knowing that interleukin (IL)-6 is important in the pathogenesis of MM, it has been shown that IL-6 is a paracrine factor supplied by the microenvironment comprising of those cells from the myeloid compartment. Due to IL-10 was considered an immunosuppressive cytokine to promote cancer escape from immune surveillance, the role of IL-10 in this regard has been underestimated although recent advances have reported that IL-10 induces both PC proliferation and angiogenesis in MM. In addition, cumulative studies have suggested that IL-10 plays an important role in the induction of chemoresistance in many cancers; a virtual requirement of autocrine IL-10 for MM cells to escape from an IL-6-dependent proliferation loop was implicated. In this review, we summarize the available information to elucidate a new understanding of the molecular and functional roles of IL-10 in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Der Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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