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Akhtar U, Khurshid Y, El-Aarag B, Syed B, Khan IA, Parang K, Ahmed A. Proteomic characterization and cytotoxic potential of proteins from Cuscuta (Cuscuta epithymum (L.) crude herbal product against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:195. [PMID: 38769554 PMCID: PMC11103822 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of breast cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide, is increasing at an alarming rate. Cuscuta, used in traditional medicine for different ailments, including cancer, is known for containing phytochemicals that exhibit anticancer activity; however, the bioactivities of proteins from this plant remain unexplored. This study aimed to screen the cytotoxic potential of proteins from the crude herbal product of Cuscuta epithymum(L.) (CE) harvested from the host plants Alhagi maurorum and Medicago sativa. METHODS The proteins from CE were extracted using a salting-out method, followed by fractionation with a gel filtration chromatography column. Gel-free shotgun proteomics was subsequently performed for protein characterization. The viability assay using MTT was applied to deduce the cytotoxic potential of proteins against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with further exploration of the effect of treatment on the expression of the apoptotic mediator BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (BCL-2) proteins, using western blotting to strengthen the findings from the in vitro viability assay. RESULTS The crude proteins (CP) of CE were separated into four protein peaks (P1, P2, P3, and P4) by gel filtration chromatography. The evaluation of potency showed a dose-dependent decline in the MCF-7 cell line after CP, P1, P2, and P3 treatment with the respective IC50 values of 33.8, 43.1, 34.5, and 28.6 µg/ml. The percent viability of the cells decreased significantly upon treatment with 50 µg/ml CP, P1, P2, and P3 (P < 0.001). Western-blot analysis revealed upregulation of proapoptotic protein BAX in the cells treated with CP, P3 (P < 0.01), and P2 (P < 0.05); however, the antiapoptotic protein, BCL-2 was downregulated in the cells treated with CP and P3 (P < 0.01), but no significant change was detected in P2 treated cells. The observed cytotoxic effects of proteins in the CP, P1, P2, and P3 from the in vitro viability assay and western blot depicted the bioactivity potential of CE proteins. The database search revealed the identities of functionally important proteins, including nonspecific lipid transfer protein, superoxide dismutase, carboxypeptidase, RNase H domain containing protein, and polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase, which have been previously reported from other plants to exhibit anticancer activity. CONCLUSION This study indicated the cytotoxic activity of Cuscuta proteins against breast cancer MCF-7 cells and will be utilized for future investigations on the mechanistic effect of active proteins. The survey of CE proteins provided substantial data to encourage further exploration of biological activities exhibited by proteins in Cuscuta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaima Akhtar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yamna Khurshid
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Bishoy El-Aarag
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, 32512, Egypt
| | - Basir Syed
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Ishtiaq A Khan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Li L, Gao DD, Song JY, Sun ZG. Efficacy of Qizi Yusi Pill on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women of Advanced Reproductive Age: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:675-682. [PMID: 35648305 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evalvate efficacy of Qizi Yusi Pills (QYP), a Chinese medicine compound preparation, on in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women of advanced reproductive age. METHODS This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from June 2018 to October 2019. A total of 124 patients were randomly allocated to either the QYP group or the placebo group using a stratified block randomization design, with 62 patients in each group. All patients completed controlled ovarian stimulation using a standard gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol. As the QYP group, QYP was administered while the control group received placebo. QYP and placebo were administered for a total of 24 to 30 days from the day of GnRH-a pituitary downregulation to transvaginal oocyte retrieval. Both medications were taken orally at doses of 10 g three times each day. The primary outcome was cumulative pregnancy rate, and the secondary outcomes were periodic medication, follicular status, serum hormone and endometrial receptivity. Follow-up continued until 4 weeks after delivery. Maternal and neonatal complications, such as gestational diabetes, were also observed. RESULTS Overall, 119 patients completed the study, 60 in the QYP group and 59 in the placebo group. Per protocol (PP) analysis revealed that 6-month cumulative pregnancy rate in the QYP group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group [43.33% (26/60) vs. 25.42% (15/59), P=0.040). Additionally, more oocytes were retrieved from the QYP group than those from the placebo group (8.95 ± 3.12 vs. 7.85 ± 1.91, P=0.022). Moreover, the endometrial thickness of HCG day in the QYP group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (11.78 ± 2.27 mm vs. 10.68 ± 2.07 mm, P=0.012). Maternal and neonatal complications between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Intention-to-treat analysis was in line with PP results. CONCLUSIONS QYP can enhance ovarian reserve capacity and ovarian response, and possibly promote endometrial receptivity. QYP effectively improves cumulative pregnancy rates in older patients (⩾35 years) undergoing IVF-ET. (Registration No. ChiCTR1800014427).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Li Li
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dan-Dan Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jing-Yan Song
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhen-Gao Sun
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of Integrated Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China.
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Singh A, Singh V, Ananthan R, Kumar BD. Evaluation of immunomodulatory and antioxidants properties of Kwath, conventional extracts in plants Cocculus hirsutus and Cuscuta reflexa - in vitro &ex vivo studies. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100537. [PMID: 35026525 PMCID: PMC8760447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The consumption of ‘Patalagarudi’ (Cocculus hirsutus ‘CHP’) and ‘Amarbel’ (Cuscuta reflexa ‘CRA’) as ethnic plants for health promotions rarely validated. The limited literature reported these plants as antioxidant and immunomodulators. Objective To evaluate the biodynamic properties of CHP and CRA extracts. Methodology The traditional formulation, ‘Kwath’ (K) and conventional extracts were prepared with CRA and CHP. The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated. Various polyphenol compounds in the extracts were eluted on UHPLC. The biodynamic activities; i. Free radical scavenging (FRS-DPPH and ABTS), ii. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity in RAW 264.7 cell line iii. Spleenocytes proliferation assay for Th1/Th2 Immunomodulatory potential by flow-cytometer were assessed. Results The TPC in CRA (105–159 μg GAE/mg) and CHP (35–48 μg GAE/mg) recorded. The chromatographic peaks confirmed the presence of polyphenols in CRA and CHP extracts. UV spectra of the extracts to the extent possible have been correlated with certain polyphenols. The FRS (IC50) was significantly low in CRA-K (DPPH = 22.7; ABTS = 12.0 μg/ml) than CHP-K (DPPH = 70.4; ABTS = 50.2 μg/ml). Similarly, intracellular ROS scavenging activity with CRA-K (84%) showed the highest inhibitory potential compared to CHP-K (50%) and LPS control. The immunomodulatory activity of CRA-K significantly upregulated TH1 cytokines (TNFα and IFN-γ). The downregulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was in all CRA and CHP extracts as compared to Con A. Conclusion The current study confirms the immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of CRA and CHP along with the presence of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Singh
- Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - R Ananthan
- Food Chemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - B Dinesh Kumar
- Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
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Kausar F, Rather MA, Bashir SM, Alsaffar RM, Nabi SU, Ali SI, Goswami P, Ahmad A, Rashid S, Wali AF. Ameliorative effects of Cuscuta reflexa and Peucedanum grande on letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome in Wistar rats. Redox Rep 2021; 26:94-104. [PMID: 34018905 PMCID: PMC8158284 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1927396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The current study was designed to examine the therapeutic role of hydroalcoholic extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb (CRE) and Peucedanum grande C.B. Clarke (PGE) on letrozole (1 mg/kg) induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female Wistar albino rats. Methods PCOS rats were treated with CRE (280 mg/kg), PGE (140 mg/kg) or CRE + PGE p.o. for 3 weeks. Vaginal smears for phase of estrous cycle determination, serum levels of sex androgens, lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters and histopathology of ovarian tissues were investigated. Results Diestrous cycle days treated with CRE (group III) or PGE (group IV) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to PCOS control animals (group II). Moreover, weight of uteri in PCOS animals treated with the plant extracts also increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to that of group II animals. Histopathological examination showed the protective effect of the CRE and PGE indicated by the disappearance of ovarian cyst. Conclusion The study demonstrated that the CRE and PGE either alone or in combination hold a significant effect in letrozole induced PCOS rat models and could be useful in the management of reproductive and metabolic disorders related to PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdaus Kausar
- Department of Ilmul Advia, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab., Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher e Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab., Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher e Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rana M Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher e Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab., Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher e Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Pankaj Goswami
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher e Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ansar Ahmad
- Department of Ilmul Advia, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Farooq Wali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
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Těšitel J, Li AR, Knotková K, McLellan R, Bandaranayake PCG, Watson DM. The bright side of parasitic plants: what are they good for? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1309-1324. [PMID: 33793868 PMCID: PMC8133642 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants are mostly viewed as pests. This is caused by several species causing serious damage to agriculture and forestry. There is however much more to parasitic plants than presumed weeds. Many parasitic plans exert even positive effects on natural ecosystems and human society, which we review in this paper. Plant parasitism generally reduces the growth and fitness of the hosts. The network created by a parasitic plant attached to multiple host plant individuals may however trigger transferring systemic signals among these. Parasitic plants have repeatedly been documented to play the role of keystone species in the ecosystems. Harmful effects on community dominants, including invasive species, may facilitate species coexistence and thus increase biodiversity. Many parasitic plants enhance nutrient cycling and provide resources to other organisms like herbivores or pollinators, which contributes to facilitation cascades in the ecosystems. There is also a long tradition of human use of parasitic plants for medicinal and cultural purposes worldwide. Few species provide edible fruits. Several parasitic plants are even cultivated by agriculture/forestry for efficient harvesting of their products. Horticultural use of some parasitic plant species has also been considered. While providing multiple benefits, parasitic plants should always be used with care. In particular, parasitic plant species should not be cultivated outside their native geographical range to avoid the risk of their uncontrolled spread and the resulting damage to ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Těšitel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Ai-Rong Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kateřina Knotková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Richard McLellan
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, New South Wales 2640, Australia
| | - Pradeepa C G Bandaranayake
- Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - David M Watson
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, New South Wales 2640, Australia
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Aung TTT, Xia MY, Hein PP, Tang R, Zhang DD, Yang J, Yang XF, Hu DB, Wang YH. Chemical Constituents from the Whole Plant of Cuscuta reflexa. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:337-344. [PMID: 32954471 PMCID: PMC7520498 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 03/30/2024]
Abstract
Two new 2H-pyran-2-one glucosides, cuscutarosides A (1) and B (2), and one new steroidal glucoside, 7β-methoxy-β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), together with 12 known compounds (4-15) were isolated from the whole plant of Cuscuta reflexa (Convolvulaceae) collected from Myanmar. The chemical structures of these new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. The antiobesity activity of these isolates was evaluated using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), and the antiplatelet aggregation activity was screened using rabbit platelets induced by thrombin, platelet-activating factor (PAF), arachidonate (AA), or collagen. 7β-Methoxy-β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3) showed weak PPL inhibitory activity. Cuscutaroside A (1), its acetylated derivative (1a), and scrophenoside B (8) showed weak inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen. Compound 1a also showed inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Thu Thu Aung
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Pyae Phyo Hein
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Xue-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Dong-Bao Hu
- School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue-Hu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
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Ali Q, Perveen R, El-Esawi MA, Ali S, Hussain SM, Amber M, Iqbal N, Rizwan M, Alyemeni MN, El-Serehy HA, Al-Misned FA, Ahmad P. Low Doses of Cuscuta reflexa Extract Act as Natural Biostimulants to Improve the Germination Vigor, Growth, and Grain Yield of Wheat Grown under Water Stress: Photosynthetic Pigments, Antioxidative Defense Mechanisms, and Nutrient Acquisition. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1212. [PMID: 32825369 PMCID: PMC7565113 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cuscuta reflexa extract (CRE) on the activities of germination enzymes, seed germination vigor, biomass production, physio-biochemical attributes, and seed yield of water-stressed wheat plants. Different levels of CRE (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%), including water soaking, were used as seed priming. Water stress negatively affected the seed germination, germination enzyme activities, growth, yield, and different physio-biochemical attributes of wheat plants. Low doses of CRE (10, 20, and 30%) ameliorated the adverse effects of water stress on seed germination attributes, and activities of germination enzymes, but negative impacts were recorded at higher doses (40 and 50%) of CRE. Water-stressed wheat plants grown from seeds pre-treated with low doses of CRE also showed better growth and yield as compared with non-treated ones, and that was associated with an improvement in water relations, photosynthetic pigments, nutrient acquisition, reduced lipid peroxidation, and better antioxidative defense mechanisms. The maximum increase in seed yield was 14.77 and 12.32%, found in plants grown from seeds treated with 20% and 10% CRE, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that using low doses of CRE as seed priming can contribute to better wheat yield under water stress, especially in semi-arid and arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (N.I.)
| | - Rashida Perveen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamed A. El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Maira Amber
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (N.I.)
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (N.I.)
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh l1451, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Hamed A. El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh l1451, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.E.-S.); (F.A.A.-M.)
| | - Fahad A. Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh l1451, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.E.-S.); (F.A.A.-M.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh l1451, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (P.A.)
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Maulana Azad Road, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, Pune 190001, India
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