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Cheng Y, Chen X, Zhang XQ, Ju PJ, Wang WD, Fang Y, Lin GN, Cui DH. Interaction between RNF4 and SART3 is associated with the risk of schizophrenia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32743. [PMID: 38975171 PMCID: PMC11226853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) is heavily influenced by genetic factors. Ring finger protein 4 (RNF4) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 (SART3) are thought to be involved in nervous system growth and development via oxidative stress pathways. Moreover, they have previously been linked to SCZ. Yet the role of RNF4 and SART3 in SCZ remains unclear. Here, we investigated how these two genes are involved in SCZ by studying their variants observed in patients. We first observed significantly elevated mRNA levels of RNF4 and SART3 in the peripheral blood in both first-episode (n = 30) and chronic (n = 30) SCZ patients compared to controls (n = 60). Next, we targeted-sequenced three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SART3 and six SNPs in RNF4 for association with SCZ using the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from SCZ participants (n = 392) and controls (n = 572). We observed a combination of SNPs that included rs1203860, rs2282765 (both in RNF4), and rs2287550 (in SART3) was associated with increased risk of SCZ, suggesting common pathogenic mechanisms between these two genes. We then conducted experiments in HEK293T cells to better understand the interaction between RNF4 and SART3. We observed that SART3 lowered the expression of RNF4 through ubiquitination and downregulated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a downstream factor of RNF4, implicating the existence of a possible shared regulatory mechanism for RNF4 and SART3. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that the interaction between RNF4 and SART3 contributes to the risk of SCZ. The findings shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of SCZ and may lead to the development of new therapies and interventions for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Jun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Di Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Imaging, Computational and Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Imaging, Computational and Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Hong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ozdilli K, Mervan Aytac H, Ceren Tuncel F, Oyaci Y, Pehlivan M, Pehlivan S. Evaluation of gene-gene interaction between the interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-2RA gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia patients in the Turkish Population. NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2024; 29:51-56. [PMID: 38195135 PMCID: PMC10827018 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in IL-2 and IL-2RA genes in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients by comparing them with healthy controls. METHODS A sample of 127 patients with SCZ and 100 healthy volunteers were included in the case-control study. These individuals were consecutively selected from the Malazgirt State Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic in Mus, Turkey, over the three months from October 2020 to December 2020. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV) was used to confirm the diagnosis according to the DSM-5 criteria. In addition, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine gene polymorphisms from DNA material. RESULTS Our findings indicated significant differences in the IL-2 genotype and allele frequencies between SCZ patients and the healthy control group. Specifically, the frequency of the homozygous GG genotype was notably higher in SCZ patients compared to the control group. Conversely, when comparing the IL-2RA genotype and allele frequencies of SCZ patients with the control group, no statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. When compared to individuals with other genotypes, interaction analysis indicated that carriers of the GG/AG (IL-2/IL-2RA) genotype demonstrated a significantly increased risk of SCZ. CONCLUSION In light of the analyses, our study indicates that while the IL-2 genotype polymorphism may be considered a risk factor for developing SCZ, the IL-2RA variant was not associated with SCZ among Turkish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursat Ozdilli
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Ozdilli), Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, from the Department of Psychiatry (Aytac), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences (Aytac, Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Department of Medical Biology (Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, and from Department of Hematology (Pehlivan M), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Mervan Aytac
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Ozdilli), Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, from the Department of Psychiatry (Aytac), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences (Aytac, Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Department of Medical Biology (Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, and from Department of Hematology (Pehlivan M), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatima Ceren Tuncel
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Ozdilli), Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, from the Department of Psychiatry (Aytac), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences (Aytac, Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Department of Medical Biology (Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, and from Department of Hematology (Pehlivan M), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Oyaci
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Ozdilli), Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, from the Department of Psychiatry (Aytac), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences (Aytac, Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Department of Medical Biology (Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, and from Department of Hematology (Pehlivan M), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Pehlivan
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Ozdilli), Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, from the Department of Psychiatry (Aytac), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences (Aytac, Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Department of Medical Biology (Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, and from Department of Hematology (Pehlivan M), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sacide Pehlivan
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Ozdilli), Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, from the Department of Psychiatry (Aytac), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences (Aytac, Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Department of Medical Biology (Tuncel, Oyaci, Pehlivan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, and from Department of Hematology (Pehlivan M), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Genetic Polymorphisms in miR-137 and Its Target Genes, TCF4 and CACNA1C, Contribute to the Risk of Bipolar Disorder: A Preliminary Case-Control Study and Bioinformatics Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1886658. [PMID: 36193501 PMCID: PMC9526595 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1886658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that miR-137 and its target genes, CACNA1C, and TCF4, are amongst the most robustly implicated genes in psychiatric disorders. This preliminary study is aimed at investigating the effects of genetic variations in miR-137 (rs1625579A/C), TCF4 (rs1261084C/T), and CACNA1C (rs10774053A/G and rs10466907G/T) on BD susceptibility. We recruited 252 BD patients and 213 healthy subjects as the control group. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR methods. Enhanced risk of BD was found under the codominant homozygous, dominant, and allelic models of TCF4 rs1261084C/T, codominant homozygous and allelic models of CACNA1C rs10466907G/T polymorphisms, as well as codominant homozygous, dominant, recessive, and allelic models of the CACNA1C rs10774053A/G. Moreover, both TT/AG/GT/AA and TT/GG/GT/AC genotype combinations strongly increased the risk of BD in the participants. The bioinformatics analyses revealed that rs1261084C/T and rs10466907G/T created and disrupted binding sites of some miRNAs in the 3′-untranslated region of TCF4 and CACNA1C genes. In contrast, the rs10774053A/G created a new binding site for a major splicing factor and might have an effective role in the function of the CACNA1C protein. We have found that all the studied SNPs are positively associated with BD susceptibility. Replicated studies on different ethnicities are required to confirm these findings.
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