1
|
Ells B, Forbrigger Z, Khan N, Sharathkumar A, Revel-Vilk S, Goldenberg NA, Kulkarni K. Epidemiology of clinically unsuspected venous thromboembolism in children with cancer: A population-based study from Maritimes, Canada. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31157. [PMID: 38934686 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Inconsistencies in the definition of clinically unsuspected venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric patients recently led to the recommendation of standardizing this terminology. Clinically unsuspected VTE (cuVTE) is defined as the presence of VTE on diagnostic imaging performed for indications unrelated to VTE in a patient without symptoms or clinical history of VTE. The prevalence of cuVTE in pediatric cancer patients is unclear. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of cuVTE in pediatric cancer patients. All patients 0-18 years old, treated at the IWK in Halifax, Nova Scotia, from August 2005 through December 2019 with a known cancer diagnosis and at least one imaging study were eligible (n = 743). All radiology reports available for these patients were reviewed (n = 18,120). The VTE event was labeled a priori as cuVTE event for radiology reports that included descriptive texts indicating a diagnosis of thrombosis including thrombus, central venous catheter-related, thrombosed aneurysm, tumor thrombosis, non-occlusive thrombus, intraluminal filling defect, or small fragment clot for patients without documentation of clinical history and or signs of VTE. A total of 18,120 radiology reports were included in the review. The prevalence of cuVTE was 5.5% (41/743). Echocardiography and computed tomography had the highest rate of cuVTE detection, and the most common terminologies used to diagnose cuVTE were thrombus and non-occlusive thrombus. The diagnosis of cuVTE was not associated with age, sex, and type of cancer. Future efforts should focus on streamlining radiology reports to characterize thrombi. The clinical significance of these cuVTE findings and their application to management, post-thrombotic syndrome, and survival compared to cases with symptomatic VTE and patients without VTE should be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Ells
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zara Forbrigger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Radiology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anjali Sharathkumar
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neil A Goldenberg
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ketan Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for pulmonary embolus evaluation in children: up-to-date review on practical imaging protocols. Pediatr Radiol 2022:10.1007/s00247-022-05451-2. [PMID: 35864243 PMCID: PMC9303848 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Although PE was previously thought to occur infrequently in the pediatric population, recent studies have found a higher-than-expected prevalence of PE in the pediatric population of up to 15.5%. The imaging modality of choice for detecting PE in the pediatric population is multi-detector CT angiography, although MRI is assuming a growing and more important role as a potential alternative modality. Given the recent advances in both computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and MRI techniques, a growing population of pediatric patients with complex comorbidities (such as children with a history of surgeries for congenital heart disease repair), and the recent waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which are associated with increased risk of PE, there is new and increased need for an up-to-date review of practical CT and MRI protocols for PE evaluation in children. This article provides guidance for up-to-date CT and MR imaging techniques, reviews key recent studies on the imaging of pediatric PE, and discusses relevant pediatric PE imaging pearls and pitfalls, in hopes of providing readers with up-to-date and accurate practice for imaging evaluation of PE in children.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu H, Qi J, Schoepf J, Savage RH, Tang C, Lu M, Zhou C, Lu G, Wang D, Zhang L. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Embolism in Children and Young Adults With Nephrotic Syndrome: A Chinese Large Cohort Study. J Thorac Imaging 2021; 36:326-332. [PMID: 34269751 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is highly associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) in children and young adults. However, few studies have specified the risk factors of PE in children and young adults with NS. We sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors of PE confirmed with computed tomography pulmonary angiography in Chinese children and young adults with NS. METHODS Data from 444 children and young adults with NS who had computed tomography pulmonary angiography from December 2010 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The prevalence of PE was estimated for different age, sex, and histopathologic types of NS. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors of PE in children and young adults with NS. Models incorporating the independent risk factors were evaluated using receiver operation characteristic curves. Area under the curve was used to determine the best-performing prognosticators for predicting PE. RESULTS There were 444 patients in the study cohort (310 male patients, 134 female patients; mean age 19±3 y; range: 6 to 25 y). PE was present in 24.8% of the participants (110 of 444, 18.2% female). Children and young adult NS patients with PE tend to be older, male, to have a previous thromboembolism history and smoking, and have a higher level of proteinuria, D-dimer, and serum albumin (P<0.05 for all). Children and young adults with membranous nephropathy are likely to have a higher incidence of PE than those with other types of nephropathy. Membranous nephropathy and proteinuria were significant predictors of PE in children and young adults with NS (P<0.05 for all). The area under the curves of each model for the presence of PE in children and young adults with NS based on biochemical parameters and clinical information (model 1), adjusted for proteinuria (model 2), and adjusted for membranous nephropathy (model 3) were 0.578, 0.657, and 0.709, respectively. Compared with model 1, model 2, and model 3 showed statistically significant differences (model 1 vs. model 2, P=0.0336; model 1 vs. model 3, P=0.0268). There was no statistically significant difference between model 2 and model 3 (P=0.2947). CONCLUSION This study identified membranous nephropathy and proteinuria as independent associated factors of PE in children and young adults with NS, which can be noted as a risk factor to guide clinician management in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianchen Qi
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Joseph Schoepf
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rock H Savage
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chunxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Mengjie Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Changsheng Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kirkpatrick EC. Pulmonary Hypertension as a Complication of Pediatric Cancer. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211009094. [PMID: 33889681 PMCID: PMC8040614 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211009094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer is a life threatening disease known to create multi-organ complications that further compromise medical management affecting patient morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is becoming more recognized as a complication of cancer and its therapies but has not been well characterized in pediatrics. Cancer pathophysiology can be uniquely set up to promote pulmonary vascular injury and remodeling that is similar to PH patients without cancer. This highlights the need to evaluate for PH clinically and with routine testing such as echocardiography during the course of a patient's care even into adulthood. This review article will discuss the direct, indirect and therapy related aspects of cancer which can promote PH in these patients. This understanding is essential to target effective treatment options in a potentially fatal complication. Diagnostic and treatment algorithms are presented in relation to the most recent pediatric PH management guidelines.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharathkumar AA, Biss T, Kulkarni K, Ahuja S, Regan M, Male C, Revel-Vilk S. Epidemiology and outcomes of clinically unsuspected venous thromboembolism in children: A systematic review. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1100-1112. [PMID: 31984669 PMCID: PMC7192773 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically unsuspected venous thromboembolic events (uVTE) detected during routine imaging pose a management challenge due to limited knowledge about their clinical significance. Unsuspected VTE are often referred as "asymptomatic," "incidental," or "clinically silent/occult" VTE. OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of uVTE in children. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search criteria included controlled vocabulary and keywords for VTE, incidental findings, and children (ages ≤ 21 years). RESULTS Among 10 875 articles, 51 studies (8354 children with 758 uVTE) were selected. The studies were heterogeneous, I2 96%; P < .0001. Unsuspected VTE were diagnosed in two settings: first, asymptomatic VTE (aVTE) diagnosed through surveillance imaging for VTE (46 studies; n = 5894; aVTE: 715, pooled frequency: 19%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13%-24%); second, incidental VTE (iVTE) diagnosed during imaging performed for indications without primary suspicion for VTE (6 studies; n = 2460; iVTE: 43). The majority (94%) of aVTE were associated with central venous lines (CVL). Non-CVL settings included post-spinal surgery, post-splenectomy, trauma, nephrotic syndrome, and newborns. In general, aVTE were reported to have a benign clinical course, were mostly transient, and resolved without intervention and with few immediate or long-term functional complications. Incidental VTE were primarily detected in children with cancer and ranged from tumor-associated thrombi to pulmonary embolism (PE) with insufficient evidence to draw meaningful conclusions about their management. CONCLUSION Clinically uVTE were predominantly diagnosed with CVL and their outcomes were generally favorable implying limited benefit of routine surveillance and thromboprophylaxis. Prospective research is needed to clarify the optimal management of iVTE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali A. Sharathkumar
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Tina Biss
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal Victoria Infirmary, UK
| | | | - Sanjay Ahuja
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Canada
| | | | - Christoph Male
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Handa A, Nozaki T, Makidono A, Okabe T, Morita Y, Fujita K, Matsusako M, Kono T, Kurihara Y, Hasegawa D, Kumamoto T, Ogawa C, Yuza Y, Manabe A. Pediatric oncologic emergencies: Clinical and imaging review for pediatricians. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:122-139. [PMID: 30565795 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Children with cancer are at increased risk of life-threatening emergencies, either from the cancer itself or related to the cancer treatment. These conditions need to be assessed and treated as early as possible to minimize morbidity and mortality. Cardiothoracic emergencies encompass a variety of pathologies, including pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, massive hemoptysis, superior vena cava syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia. Abdominal emergencies include bowel obstruction, intussusception, perforation, tumor rupture, intestinal graft-versus-host disease, acute pancreatitis, neutropenic colitis, and obstructive uropathy. Radiology plays a vital role in the diagnosis of these emergencies. We here review the clinical features and imaging in pediatric patients with oncologic emergencies, including a review of recently published studies. Key radiological images are presented to highlight the radiological approach to diagnosis. Pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and pediatric radiologists need to work together to arrive at the correct diagnosis and to ensure prompt and appropriate treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Handa
- Department of Radiology, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Taiki Nozaki
- Department of Radiology, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Makidono
- Department of Radiology, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Okabe
- Department of Radiology, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Morita
- Department of Radiology, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Radiology, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsusako
- Department of Radiology, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kono
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kurihara
- Department of Radiology, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kumamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yuza
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of Pediatrics, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sibson KR, Biss TT, Furness CL, Grainger JD, Hough RE, Macartney C, Payne JH, Chalmers EA. BSH Guideline: management of thrombotic and haemostatic issues in paediatric malignancy. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:511-525. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith R. Sibson
- Department of Haematology; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - Tina T. Biss
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pulmonary Complications of Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation. PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF NON-PULMONARY PEDIATRIC DISORDERS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7120544 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69620-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Rajpurkar M, Biss TT, Amankwah EK, Martinez D, Williams S, van Ommen CH, Goldenberg NA. Pulmonary embolism and in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis in paediatrics. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1199-1207. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-07-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryData on paediatric pulmonary embolism (PE) are scarce. We sought to systematically review the current literature on childhood PE and conducted a search on paediatric PE via PubMed (1946–2013) and Embase (1980–2013). There was significant heterogeneity in reported data. Two patterns were noted: classic thromboembolic PE (TE-PE) and in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis (ISPAT). Mean age of presentation for TE-PE was 14.86 years, and 51% of cases were males. The commonest method for diagnosis of TE-PE was contrast CT with angiography (74% of patients). The diagnosis of TE-PE was often delayed. Although 85% of children with TE-PE had an elevated D-dimer at presentation, it was non-discriminatory for the diagnosis. In paediatric TE-PE, the prevalence of central venous catheters was 23%, immobilisation 38%, systemic infection 31% and obesity 13%, elevated Factor VIII or von Willebrand factor levels 27%, Protein C deficiency 17%, Factor V Leiden 14% and Protein S deficiency 7%. In patients with TE-PE, pharmacologic thrombolysis was used in 29%; unfractionated heparin was the most common initial anticoagulant treatment in 64% and low-molecular-weight heparins the most common follow-up treatment in 83%. Duration of anticoagulant therapy was variable and death was reported in 26% of TE-PE patients. In contrast to TE-PE, patients with ISPAT were not investigated systematically for presence of thrombophilia, had more surgical interventions as the initial management and were often treated with anti-platelet medications. This review summarises important data and identifies gaps in the knowledge of paediatric PE, which may help to design future studies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Voigt P, Fahnert J, Schramm D, Bach AG, Kahn T, Surov A. [Clinically relevant incidental cardiovascular findings in CT examinations]. Radiologe 2017; 57:296-301. [PMID: 28255791 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-017-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHOD Incidental cardiovascular findings are a frequent phenomenon in computed tomography (CT) examinations. As the result of a dedicated PubMed search this article gives a systemic overview of the current literature on the most important incidental cardiovascular findings, their prevalence and clinical relevance. RESULTS The majority of incidental cardiovascular findings are of only low clinical relevance; however, highly relevant incidental findings, such as aortic aneurysms, thromboses and thromboembolic events can also occasionally be found, especially in oncology patients. CONCLUSION The scans from every CT examination should also be investigated for incidental findings as they can be of decisive importance for the further clinical management of patients, depending on their clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Voigt
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
| | - J Fahnert
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - D Schramm
- Klinik für Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097, Halle, Deutschland
| | - A G Bach
- Klinik für Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097, Halle, Deutschland
| | - T Kahn
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - A Surov
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Refaat R, El-Shinnawy MA. Does the anatomic distribution of acute pulmonary emboli at MDCT pulmonary angiography in oncology-population differ from that in non-oncology counterpart? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
13
|
Evaluation of pediatric thoracic disorders: comparison of unenhanced fast-imaging-sequence 1.5-T MRI and contrast-enhanced MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 200:1352-7. [PMID: 23701075 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.9502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of thoracic MRI with fast imaging sequences without contrast administration at 1.5 T for evaluating thoracic abnormalities by comparing MRI findings with contrast-enhanced MDCT findings. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A prospective study included consecutively registered pediatric patients who from December 2009 to January 2012 underwent thoracic MDCT followed within 2 days by MRI for evaluation of thoracic abnormalities. The final study sample consisted of 71 children (36 boys, 35 girls; mean age, 8.6 ± 4.5 years; range, 2 months-16 years) and 71 paired thoracic MRI and MDCT studies. Thoracic MRI was performed in the axial and coronal planes with the following fast imaging sequences: T1-weighted fast-field echo inversion prepulse, T2-weighted balanced fast-field echo multiple 2D, T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo cardiac-triggering parallel imaging technique without cardiac monitoring, and STIR. Thoracic MDCT was performed with i.v. contrast administration. Two pediatric radiologists independently reviewed each MRI and MDCT study for abnormalities in the lung, large airways, and mediastinal, pleural, and musculoskeletal structures. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of MRI were calculated. Interobserver agreement was measured with the kappa coefficient. RESULTS With MDCT as the reference standard, 51 of 71 (72%) patients had abnormal findings on MDCT studies, including infections in 21 (42%) cases, neoplasms in 19 (37%) cases, interstitial lung disease in seven (14%) cases, pleural effusion in three (6%) cases, and congenital bronchogenic cyst in one (2%) case. The overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI for detecting thoracic abnormalities were 69 of 71 (97%), 49 of 51 (96%), and 20 of 20 (100%). Two undiagnosed findings with MRI that were detected with MDCT were mild bronchiectasis and small pulmonary nodule (3 mm). Almost perfect interobserver agreement was found between two reviewers with 70 of 71 agreements (κ = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.92-1.00; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION; MRI with fast imaging sequences without contrast administration is comparable to contrast-enhanced MDCT for detecting thoracic abnormalities in pediatric patients. Use of MRI with fast imaging sequences without contrast administration as a first-line cross-sectional imaging study in lieu of contrast-enhanced MDCT has the potential to benefit this patient population owing to reduced radiation exposure and i.v. contrast administration.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee EY, Neuman MI, Lee NJ, Johnson VM, Zurakowski D, Tracy DA, Boiselle PM. Pulmonary Embolism Detected by Pulmonary MDCT Angiography in Older Children and Young Adults: Risk Factor Assessment. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012; 198:1431-1437. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.11.8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Y. Lee
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark I. Neuman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nam Ju Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victor M. Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Donald A. Tracy
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Phillip M. Boiselle
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee EY, Tse SKS, Zurakowski D, Johnson VM, Lee NJ, Tracy DA, Boiselle PM. Children Suspected of Having Pulmonary Embolism: Multidetector CT Pulmonary Angiography—Thromboembolic Risk Factors and Implications for Appropriate Use. Radiology 2012; 262:242-251. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
16
|
Être interne de pédiatrie en oncologie et hématologie : attraits et difficultés. Bull Cancer 2011; 98:589-94. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2011.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Streiff MB. Anticoagulation in the management of venous thromboembolism in the cancer patient. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2011; 31:282-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-011-0562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|