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Fan Y, McMath AL, Donovan SM. Review on the Impact of Milk Oligosaccharides on the Brain and Neurocognitive Development in Early Life. Nutrients 2023; 15:3743. [PMID: 37686775 PMCID: PMC10490528 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk Oligosaccharides (MOS), a group of complex carbohydrates found in human and bovine milk, have emerged as potential modulators of optimal brain development for early life. This review provides a comprehensive investigation of the impact of milk oligosaccharides on brain and neurocognitive development of early life by synthesizing current literature from preclinical models and human observational studies. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed search engine, and the inclusion eligibility was evaluated by three reviewers. Overall, we identified 26 articles for analysis. While the literature supports the crucial roles of fucosylated and sialylated milk oligosaccharides in learning, memory, executive functioning, and brain structural development, limitations were identified. In preclinical models, the supplementation of only the most abundant MOS might overlook the complexity of naturally occurring MOS compositions. Similarly, accurately quantifying MOS intake in human studies is challenging due to potential confounding effects such as formula feeding. Mechanistically, MOS is thought to impact neurodevelopment through modulation of the microbiota and enhancement of neuronal signaling. However, further advancement in our understanding necessitates clinical randomized-controlled trials to elucidate the specific mechanisms and long-term implications of milk oligosaccharides exposure. Understanding the interplay between milk oligosaccharides and cognition may contribute to early nutrition strategies for optimal cognitive outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Arden L. McMath
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
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2
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Tam LT, Ng NN, McKenna ES, Bruckert L, Yeom KW, Campen CJ. Effects of Age on White Matter Microstructure in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:894-900. [PMID: 34048307 DOI: 10.1177/08830738211008736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) often report cognitive challenges, though the etiology of such remains an area of active investigation. With the advent of treatments that may affect white matter microstructure, understanding the effects of age on white matter aberrancies in NF1 becomes crucial in determining the timing of such therapeutic interventions. A cross-sectional study was performed with diffusion tensor imaging from 18 NF1 children and 26 age-matched controls. Fractional anisotropy was determined by region of interest analyses for both groups over the corpus callosum, cingulate, and bilateral frontal and temporal white matter regions. Two-way analyses of variance were done with both ages combined and age-stratified into early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Significant differences in fractional anisotropy between NF1 and controls were seen in the corpus callosum and frontal white matter regions when ages were combined. When stratified by age, we found that this difference was largely driven by the early childhood (1-5.9 years) and middle childhood (6-11.9 years) age groups, whereas no significant differences were appreciable in the adolescence age group (12-18 years). This study demonstrates age-related effects on white matter microstructure disorganization in NF1, suggesting that the appropriate timing of therapeutic intervention may be in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia T Tam
- Neurology, 10623Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nathan N Ng
- Neurology, 10623Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Emily S McKenna
- Neurology, 10623Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Bruckert
- Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, 10624Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- Radiology, 10623Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
- Co-senior authors
| | - Cynthia J Campen
- Neurology, 10623Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Co-senior authors
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3
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de Blank P, Berman JI, Prelack M, Sollee JR, Lane A, Waldman AT, Fisher MJ. Effect of age and neurofibromatosis type 1 status on white matter integrity in the optic radiations. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:i150-i158. [PMID: 32642741 PMCID: PMC7317057 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have decreased white matter integrity, but differences in children with NF1 have not been described. Defining normal values for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, especially in the optic radiations, is important to the development of DTI as a potential biomarker of visual acuity in children with optic pathway glioma. This study examines the effect of age and NF1 status on DTI measures in children. Methods In this retrospective study, MR imaging including DTI was conducted in 93 children (40 children with NF1 and 53 healthy controls) between 0 and 14 years of age. Regression models of age, sex, and NF1 status on DTI measures were evaluated, and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) compared DTI measures in age-matched NF1 to non-NF1 cohorts. Results Fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity in white matter tracts of the optic radiations varied with age and were best modeled by a logarithmic function. Age-related DTI measure change was different in NF1 versus non-NF1 subjects. Normal values and 95% confidence intervals for age 0.5–12 years were derived for both groups. Differences in DTI measures between NF1 and non-NF1 groups at a range of ages were shown diffusely throughout the cerebral white matter using TBSS. Conclusions Children with NF1 demonstrate increased diffusion throughout the brain compared to children without NF1 suggesting a potentially altered developmental trajectory of optic radiation microstructure. Defining normal values for white matter integrity in children with NF1 may help target early intervention efforts in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter de Blank
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marisa Prelack
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John R Sollee
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Lane
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy T Waldman
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Fisher
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Nemmi F, Cignetti F, Assaiante C, Maziero S, Audic F, Péran P, Chaix Y. Discriminating between neurofibromatosis-1 and typically developing children by means of multimodal MRI and multivariate analyses. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3508-3521. [PMID: 31077476 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 leads to brain anomalies involving both gray and white matter. The extent and granularity of these anomalies, together with their possible impact on brain activity, is still unknown. In this multicentric cross-sectional study we submitted a sample of 42 typically developing and 38 neurofibromatosis-1 children to a multimodal MRI assessment including T1, diffusion weighted and resting state functional sequences. We used a pipeline involving several features selection steps coupled with multivariate statistical analysis (supporting vector machine) to discriminate between the two groups while having interpretable models. We used MRI indexes measuring macro (gray matter volume) and microstructural (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) characteristics of the brain, as well as indexes of brain activity (fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations) and connectivity (local and global correlation) at rest. We found that structural indexes could discriminate between the two groups, with the mean diffusivity leading to performance as high as the combination of all structural indexes combined (accuracy = 0.86), while functional indexes had worse performances. The MRI signature of NF1 brain pathology is a combination of gray and white matter abnormalities, as measured with gray matter volume, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nemmi
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Cignetti
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Assaiante
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Stephanie Maziero
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,URI Octogone-Lordat (EA 4156), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fredrique Audic
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, CHU Timone-Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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5
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Quantitative microstructural cerebral changes in neurofibromatosis type 1. Brain Dev 2018; 40:376-382. [PMID: 29373161 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate microstructural cerebral changes in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) based on T2 relaxation time measurements at 3Tesla. METHODS From our dataset of pediatric MRI examinations at 3T 19 pediatric NF1 patients (1.9-14.3 years of age, 9 girls, 10 boys) were retrospectively selected and compared with the previously published group of 44 healthy children (0-16 years of age). MRI examination included a triple echo TSE sequence as basis for T2 maps. T2 relaxation times were measured in 37 brain regions. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, T2 relaxation times had the tendency to be increased by 1.01% (GM) to 11.85% (dentate nucleus) for NF1 patients. Only in posterior limb of the internal capsule and parietooccipital white matter values were reduced. No differences were observed between both hemispheres. Overall, no strong evidence supporting a difference between NF1 patients with and without optic glioma or with normal and impaired neuropsychological development was observed. CONCLUSIONS Using T2 relaxation times it was possible to describe measurable microstructural differences in multiple brain regions between NF1 patients and healthy children regardless of whether signal abnormalities were visible on conventional images.
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Silva G, Duarte IC, Bernardino I, Marques T, Violante IR, Castelo-Branco M. Oscillatory motor patterning is impaired in neurofibromatosis type 1: a behavioural, EEG and fMRI study. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:11. [PMID: 29566645 PMCID: PMC5863896 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type1 (NF1) is associated with a broad range of behavioural deficits, and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission has been postulated in this disorder. Inhibition is involved in the control of frequency and stability of motor rhythms. Therefore, we aimed to explore the link between behavioural motor control, brain rhythms and brain activity, as assessed by EEG and fMRI in NF1. Methods We studied a cohort of 21 participants with NF1 and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, with a finger-tapping task requiring pacing at distinct frequencies during EEG and fMRI scans. Results We found that task performance was significantly different between NF1 and controls, the latter showing higher tapping time precision. The time-frequency patterns at the beta sub-band (20–26 Hz) mirrored the behavioural modulations, with similar cyclic synchronization/desynchronization patterns for both groups. fMRI results showed a higher recruitment of the extrapyramidal motor system (putamen, cerebellum and red nucleus) in the control group during the fastest pacing condition. Conclusions The present study demonstrated impaired precision in rhythmic pacing behaviour in NF1 as compared with controls. We found a decreased recruitment of the cerebellum, a structure where inhibitory interneurons are essential regulators of rhythmic synchronization, and in deep brain regions pivotally involved in motor pacing. Our findings shed light into the neural underpinnings of motor timing deficits in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Silva
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,ICNAS, CIBIT, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Catarina Duarte
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,ICNAS, CIBIT, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Bernardino
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Marques
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês R Violante
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,ICNAS, CIBIT, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Aydin S, Kurtcan S, Alkan A, Guler S, Filiz M, Yilmaz TF, Sahin TU, Aralasmak A. Relationship between the corpus callosum and neurocognitive disabilities in children with NF-1: diffusion tensor imaging features. Clin Imaging 2016; 40:1092-1095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Petrella LI, Cai Y, Sereno JV, Gonçalves SI, Silva AJ, Castelo-Branco M. Brain and behaviour phenotyping of a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type-1: an MRI/DTI study on social cognition. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:637-46. [PMID: 27283753 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) is a common neurogenetic disorder and an important cause of intellectual disability. Brain-behaviour associations can be examined in vivo using morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study brain structure. Here, we studied structural and behavioural phenotypes in heterozygous Nf1 mice (Nf1(+/-) ) using T2-weighted imaging MRI and DTI, with a focus on social recognition deficits. We found that Nf1(+/-) mice have larger volumes than wild-type (WT) mice in regions of interest involved in social cognition, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the caudate-putamen (CPu). Higher diffusivity was found across a distributed network of cortical and subcortical brain regions, within and beyond these regions. Significant differences were observed for the social recognition test. Most importantly, significant structure-function correlations were identified concerning social recognition performance and PFC volumes in Nf1(+/-) mice. Analyses of spatial learning corroborated the previously known deficits in the mutant mice, as corroborated by platform crossings, training quadrant time and average proximity measures. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis of spatial performance identified 2 separate sub-groups in Nf1(+/-) mice. A significant correlation between quadrant time and CPu volumes was found specifically for the sub-group of Nf1(+/-) mice with lower spatial learning performance, suggesting additional evidence for reorganization of this region. We found strong evidence that social and spatial cognition deficits can be associated with PFC/CPu structural changes and reorganization in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Petrella
- Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J V Sereno
- Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S I Gonçalves
- Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A J Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Castelo-Branco
- Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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de Blank PMK, Berman JI, Fisher MJ. Systemic Chemotherapy and White Matter Integrity in Tracts Associated with Cognition Among Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:818-24. [PMID: 26757156 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are predisposed to both brain tumors and cognitive deficits. While changes in white matter integrity after multimodal therapy are associated with cognitive dysfunction, the effect of isolated chemotherapy in NF1 is unknown. To determine whether chemotherapy is associated with white matter microstructural changes, we examined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in NF1 subjects. PROCEDURE We reviewed DTI measures in tracts associated with cognition but free from tumor in 24 children with NF1-associated optic pathway gliomas unexposed to surgery or radiation. Twelve age-matched pairs were identified based on exposure to chemotherapy. A paired t-test was used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) in tracts of interest between subjects with and without chemotherapy exposure. RESULTS On paired t-test, FA was significantly lower in the corpus callosum (P = 0.015) and cerebellothalamic (P = 0.038) tracts of subjects exposed to chemotherapy. There was no effect of age or time from chemotherapy on the difference between groups. In multivariable analysis, FA of these tracts was associated with chemotherapy exposure after adjusting for age, tumor location, and DTI acquisition. In longitudinal measures, FA decreased after chemotherapy exposure while FA increased with age in unexposed subjects. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to low-intensity chemotherapy in NF1 is associated with changes in white matter microstructure in tracts associated with cognition. Future studies should determine whether these changes are associated with cognitive decline. While chemotherapy may spare cognition relative to radiation and surgery, children with NF1 exposed to chemotherapy may benefit from early cognitive testing to allow for earlier intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Matthew Kennedy de Blank
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Jay Fisher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Merlini L, Anooshiravani M, Kanavaki A, Hanquinet S. Microstructural changes in thickened corpus callosum in children: contribution of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:896-901. [PMID: 25467432 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-3242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thickened corpus callosum is a rare finding and its pathophysiology is not well known. An anomalous supracallosal bundle has been depicted by fiber tracking in some cases but no diffusion tensor imaging metrics of thickened corpus callosum have been reported. OBJECTIVE To use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in cases of thickened corpus callosum to help in understanding its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS During a 7-year period five children (ages 6 months to 15 years) with thickened corpus callosum were studied. We determined DTI metrics of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, and axial (λ1) and radial (λ2, λ3) diffusivity and performed 3-D fiber tracking reconstruction of the thickened corpus callosum. We compared our results with data from the literature and 24 age-matched controls. RESULTS Brain abnormalities were seen in all cases. All children had at least three measurements of corpus callosum thickness above the 97th percentile according to age. In all children 3-D fiber tracking showed an anomalous supracallosal bundle and statistically significant decrease in FA (P = 0.003) and λ1 (P = 0.001) of the corpus callosum compared with controls, but no significant difference in mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity. CONCLUSION Thickened corpus callosum was associated with abnormal bundles, suggesting underlying axonal guidance abnormality. DTI metrics suggested abnormal fiber compactness and density, which may be associated with alterations in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Merlini
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, University of Geneva Children's Hospital, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland,
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Filippi CG, Cauley KA. Lesions of the Corpus Callosum and Other Commissural Fibers: Diffusion Tensor Studies. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2014; 35:445-58. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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